(7 fell ELK COUNTY THE REPUBLICAN PA ItTT. VOL II. RIDGWAY, PA,. THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 7, 1872. NO. 36. POETRY. BESSIE A WD THE SQUIRE'S SOS. Bcatle was fair at fair could be, With a smile for every one, And many there were who knew full well She would marry the squire's ion. The equlro't sou was rich and proud, But to Bessie he bent his knee : The village gossips tho story told, And my heart was Bad. Ah me 1 Bnt I worked away at my blacksmith's tradet Lest thinking should make me mad ; And the squire himself drove up one day " Come, work with a will, my lad ; For BcbrIo, the villa tie bolle. will ride On the horse I now want shod, And my son shall hor happy escort bo." I answered him with a nod. Ah. well 1 I remembered many a time When Bessie had walked with me. And how I had hoped that some bright day We eould nearer each other be. But I did my work, and when day was dono I turned on niy homeward way, Wondering what the young squire had said To Bess as they rode that dar. The skadows grew long, and longer still, As I neared a low-barred gate. Where, when wn were better friends than now, Bessie for me would wait. And thinking of that, ray eyes I raised, And the dusky hour grew bright. For there e-he stood, with her own dear smile, Waiting for me that night. The stars above, and the sleepy birds, Wero watching us there, we knew ; But little we cared, as tho shadows rolled From hearts that were Btill found true. " And what of the squire's son t" said I. M Ah, Will, did you quite believo That Bessie would give her hand to ono Whom her heart could not receive t" THE STORY-TELLER. AN EVENING WITH A PAWNBROKER. I had purposely selected Saturday as the best night to see the working of a pawnshop in the most wretched quarter of New York, and it was 0 o'clock when I took my position behind the counter, where I could be partly hidden behind a bin should I wish to retire to conceal ment. I had not long to wait. The first comer was a lad, with a bad, hang-dog expression. In his hand he hold a paper parcel. Without a word he handed it to the proprietor, who received it, simply flaying, "Book i" The boy nodded. In a twinkling the paper covering was off, and a rather large volume in garnish binding, with a good deal of Dutch metal gilding, was exposed. " Life of the Virgin Mary," said Mr. Medicis, without opening the book or looking at the title. " How much '" " Five," said the boy. " Three," replied the capitalist. " Eight," answered the boy. His name and address were taken ; a ticket was made out, the money was placed on the counter, and this bibliographical trans action was concluded in loss time than it has taken to tell it. Here entered a little girl, holding her hand tight closed. Opening it, a small paper fell from her clinched fist. The child was not more than eight, and was strangely silent. The assistant opened the package, and two gold rings tumbled on the counter. " Six dollars," said Mr. Medicis. " Yes," replied the child, and she had her ticket and the money. Were they wedding or betrothal rings ' I shall never know, for in a trice the rusty hin ges of the safe creaked and they were engulfed. Jostling against tho girl, rushed in an Irishman, evidently a hod carrier, as ho was powdered over with brick dust. ' How much ?" he asked, putting down a pawn-ticket on the counter. " Fifty-eight cents," was tho reply. " And here it is, sure," and he placed the money in the pawnbroker's hand, and in a second a coat was flopped on the counter. " Poor Teddy's, it was," said the Irishman, fondly smoothing out a crease, " and I hope the family will never do it again." Then came in a girl of sixteen, with luxuriant brown hair tumbling over her shoulders ; her eyes wero bright, but hor face was bold and impertinent. " My overskirt and polonaise, it ought to he ninety-five cents." " You are right," said Medicis ; "it's been here so often you keep the count as well as I can." " That's so," she replied ; " but look here, Medicis, I have lost the ticket for tho green dress and gaiters ; do now look 'em up. I want to sport 'em to-morrow." " I will if I have the chance," replied the pawn broker, giving her a bundle. " I'll be back soon, then," said the girl, " after the green dress." Now came in a woman clad in tatters, with a velvet ribbon and steel spangles bouud around her head. She took a shirt out of a towel and si lently placed it on the counter. The assistant flirted it out, gave a lynx-like examination about the collar and cuffs, said " twenty-five cents," and the woman took it and went. Somebody then made his coming apparent by a loud and me lodious whistle, and a happy-faced negro, all beaming with smiles, entered. " You see, Mr. Medicis, I'se come after de old woman's shoes. Here's de ticket. How much ?" " Forty-five . cents," was the reply. " Golly ! here it is ;" and a pair of coarse shoes were handed him, when suddenly from a joyous expression he collapsed into one of the most intense anguish. "Dey was two laces in dese hyar shoes, and aiu't none now." Then plunging his hand into one of them, again his lace was on the broad grin. " OU ! here dey is, all two both of dem laces, stowed away i de toe part. Good night, everybody ;" and I heard the whistle as it grew fainter and fainter in the distance. " Now I'm after me skirt, plaze," said an Irish woman, with a key .in hor hand, "aid here's my cash, and what'd ye be after taking for that bit of a shawl wid the sthripes 'i Would forty cents buy it '" " Yes, ma'am, it would. You have asked the price of that shawl every day this week," replied Mr. Medicis, who sells unredeemed pledges. " Forty cents ! and it's a dale of money. Well, kape it a bit, and I'll call Monday." Just then back again came the little girl .who had pledged the rings. "Lost ticket," she said. "You won't find it here ; go home. I know the goods, and no ona shall have them but you, even if they do lind the ticket," was the answer she received. "Do children mostly coma on these errands ?" I inquired. " I should be afraid they would have their money stolen from them, especially in this neighborhood." " Not a bit of it," was the reply. " They are quite as well able to take care of themselves as you or I. The pa rents send them and say to me, When my Billy or Jenny comes, treat them as you would us.' " " Now, sir," said a tall, lank woman, with an imperative voice, "my bed spread and let's be in a hurry about it. Here's your old dirty bit of paper." " Money first and goods afterward. Eighty-eight cents is what you have to pay." " Eighty what '( You are fun ning. It's a downright swindle. It can't be but seventy-five cents." " Well, ma'am seeing you had eighty-five cents paid you, which is written on your ticket, it seoms to me that three cents is little enough to pay me for my time, rent, and trouble." " Oh ! bother with your trou ble. It's a swindle. If you was to kill me, and rip me up, you couldn't find but seventy-five cents in me." " If you can't talk in any other way but in that dis puting manner, leave the place. It is always tho same with you. You are either dishonest or have lost your brains." " You had better say I'm drunk, and nary a drop of liquor as has passed my lips since last night. But don't be hard on poor folks. It's only a bit of my fun. You see when the liquor dies out of you, it's so bloody cold, and its freez ing of nights now, without a bed-spread. Here's tho money, but sorry bit of meal will the children have to-morrow." " You mean sorry a drop of liquor will you have, which is the best thing that can happen," said Medicis, with an admon ishing voice, as the woman took her bun dle and left. " You speak about rent, Mr. Medicis ; what do you pay '(" I asked. " One thousand dollars. Rents are abso lutely higher here than in some of the best quarters of New York-" Just then came in a crowd of children, who all re deemed pledges, and there was a lull of a moment, and I compliment Mr. Medicis on the wonderful accuracy with which he discovers the exact bundles wanted. " Simplo practice and routine. I run up to 20,000 numbers. Think I could find most any package in the dark. I never make mistakes ; if I did I should be ruined. If I handed a cashmere shawl instead of a pair of sheets to a customer, of course they never would say a word, but give them something less in value than that which they have pledged, and 1 would have to smart for it. I am sorry to say that, doing business here for the last thirteen years, I haven't met ten people who are square. Friend of mine in the trade gave an old IriBh woman some three dollars on a pair of poor table-cloths. Ho lost or mislaid them arid couldn't return the goods. What did that old woman do ' Just Bwore her affidavit that those very same table-cloths had been the property of the Lord Lieu tenant of Ireland, and that she and the Duke of York used to dine together off of them regular; and he had to pay fifty dollars for what probably wasn't worth five dollars at farthest." New York Paper. Shape of a Wheat Field. Let our Eastern readers, says the Ru ral New Yorker, try to form some concep tion of tho way wheat is grown in Cali fornia, from the following statement gathered from the San Francisco Bulk tin. There is a wheat field in the San Joaquin Valley which covers 36,000 acres ! The crop this year is reputed to average 40 bushels per acre, or 1,440,000 bushels in all, which would require over forty ships of medium size to transport it to market. One side of this " lot" is 17 miles long. When plowed, ten four horse teams were attached to ten gang plows, each gang having four plows. Lunch was served at a midway station, and supper at the terminus, 17 miles from the place of starting. The grain was cut by twenty of the largest reapers. There are two other wheat fields in this valley, one of which contains 23,000 acres find the other 17,000. Then, as an offset to this magnificent statement, we have this : " There are thousands of tons of wheat which cannot be taken out of the valley this season, and must remain over, a dead capital, or, what is nearly as undesirable, will only command advances at heavy rates of interest." And then, to show the wheat growers of the Western States the importance of providing for the consumption at home of their product, by encouraging home manufactures and diversifying industry, thus rendering themselves independent of foreign markets, we print a statement of the same paper, dated Sept. 20, that since Juno 28, sixty-three vessels have left that port for England loaded with wheat. Of this number, 15 cleared in July, 32 in, August, and 15 more in Sep tember to date. Before the first one reaches Liverpool, nearly, or quite, 100 vessels will be on the way, with their prows pointing to the same port, and carrying 123,000 tons of wheat. It adds that, with sufficient tonnage, such a fleet can be maintained for six months. French Emigration to Canada. A Paris telegram conveys the intelli gence that a large number of the French inhabitants of Alsace and Lorraine, who have exiled themselves from Prussian rule in the conquered provinces, or been exiled thereby, sailed from the shores of the parent land in emigrant exodus to Canada. This is really an important and most noticeable consequence of the late war between France and Germany. The French have not been aa emigrant peo ple hitherto. They are, however, a clannish people, easily contented, frugal and soon at home in any clime. Should they in their present sorrow turn their faces towards the soil of the new trans atlantic) Dominion in any great number, very many thousands of their country men may follow their lead. In numerous districts of Canada they will meet traces of previous French settlements, the pop ulation of which may become rehabili tated and improved physically and in its industries by an infusion of new blood from the primitive fountain source. The local effects on this side of the Atlantio would be very decided and apparent at quite an early moment. N. Y. Payer, A Story of Lorenzo Dow. " It is something," said a friend of ours the other evening, in a desultory conver sation concerning Preaching ana Preach ers, " to have heard that most eccentrio, wandering, half-crazy 'servant of the Lord,' as he used to delight to call him self, Lorenzo Dow. I -never heard him but once but that once I never shall forget. " It had been given out for weeks be fore that at a certain day he was to be at the little country town of O , where I was born and brought up, and was to preaoh in the morning, in a pleas ant shady grove a little off the street, whose few scattering houses gave it the dignity of a .' village.' " At the appointed hour he was seen coming down the main street, his long brown-yellow hair and terrific beard waving in the wind, and his small wild eye flashing in the light, as he turned toward the gathering, and ascended the rough platform, and walked up to the temporary pulpit or desk, which had been erected for him. For although his ap pointments were made six months, and sometimes even a year in advance, I be lieve he never missed ono ; at least, at this time he had not, for I remember dis tinctly his mentioning the fact. " I was present with an elder brother, who was a good deal of a wag, with an eye and ear open to whatever was odd or striking, and his risibles were greatly excited at the hirsute appearance, and independent, off-hand manner of Lo renzo. " The itinerant expounder took from his pocket a worn and very dirty copy of the Bible a small quarto and spread it upon the rough pine-board which made the. top of hU desk. He then took from another receptacle in his old but capacious coat, a red bandana handker chief, and wiped his face, which was streaming with perspiration. He then leaned forward, made a short prayer, and prepared to begin his discourse. " At this time my brother was desirous ef changing his position on the tree; so he climbed up to a higher branch, and in doing so detached a dry and withered limb, which fell upon the ground direct ly in front of the speaker. " Lorenzo looked up (and as he spoke his red lips were surrounded by tho first beard-mustache I had ever seen in my life), and in a voice that must have been a cross between John Randolph's and Daniel Webster's, said : " B-o-o-y-s ! up in the tree there ! be still keep still or come d-o-io-n I . You are like the dogs in the wmn-ger you won't eat yourselves, and won't let tho oxen eat !' . " I needn't say that we were ' hush as mice ' during the rest of the sermon parts of which, by the way, were of ex ceeding eloquence, if that can be called eloquence which, however rude, has the power of deeply moving the feelings. " He spoke of the thousands of miles he had travelled, at all seasons of the year, often in storms and tempests, through howling wildernesses ; of his perils by water and perils by land, by night and by day ; but never had his heart failed him never had he shrunk from his mission. "Lorenzo had a keen eye for the hu morous, and his satire was of the most biting character. It was Dow who so discomfited a brother itinerant who had remonstrated with him for his eccentric ity, both in his matter and his manner : " ' I think,' said he, you had better study your Bible a little more ; you don't always get the right meaning. I think you was mistaken, for instance, when you told your hearers, the other day, that under the old Jewish dispensation all small crimes were punished with cropping off an ear ; that it was a rare thing to find a large assembly gathered together, in our Saviour's time, without finding half of them with their ears off ; and that this was what Christ meant by saying so often, " He that hath ears to hear, let him hear !" ' " I never said so !' indignantly re sponded the itinerant. " ' Well, never mind,' said Lorenzo ; ' never mind now ; it has all gone by ; but a whale congregation is seldom mis taken !' " Doubtless the whole story was 'made out of whyle cloth,' to annoy and hoax the preacher." A Mercantile Decision. Before the Supreme Court of New York the following decision was render ed: McCullough's Lead Company vs. Joseph M. Strong. Upon the first trial of this action in June, 1871, before Judge Barbour, the plaintiffs were nonsuited. On appeal the judgment of nonsuit was reversed. The case came on for a second trial. The action was brought for tho wrongful dotention by the defendant of a United States five-twenty bond for $1,000, deposited in August, 1867, with the defendant as custodian under an agreement entered into between' the planting and other lead merchants for the purpose of preventing secret under selling below established rates. In case either of the parties was convicted be fore an arbritrator, provided for in" the agreement, of violating it, he was to for feit his deposit of f 1,000, which was to be divided and distributed by the de fendant, as custodian, among the other parties. The agreement by its terms was to be binding for five years or until ten days' notice in writing should be fiven by any party of his desire to with raw from the association. In July, 1869, one of the parties (not the plain tiffs) withdrew. The plaintiffs waited ten days and then demanded their bond. claiming that the agreement was termi nated and the association dissolved. The defendant refused to deliver the bond, claiming that as the plaintiffs had given no notice of withdrawal the agreement was still in force as to them, and he had a right to keep their bond till the ex piration of the five years. The jury, un der the direction of the Court, found a verdict for the plaintiffs of f 1,365. There are many people, now growing old, who are more deeply touched by some simple hymn tune .which they heard in their youth, than by all the operatio selections which could be offered them, Coining Money. . 1 r -Dr. MacKenzie in an article on coin ing money, says : The metal (e will call it gold) having been reduced, or elevated, to a perfect degree of purity, is cast into ingots, in crucibles of plumbago, with the requisite quantity of alloy say twenty-two parts of gold to two of cop per. When a thorough amalgamation is produced, by great heat, the liquid metal is poured into iron moulds, from which, when cool, it is turned out in bars twenty-one inches long, one inch thick and nearly two inches wide. A small piece is cut from the end of each bar, and this fragment is assayed. A small piece ef hair, about an inch in length, is put into One of two scales, protected from the dust by a glass case, and so finely balanced this morsel of hair will turn the scale. If the Mint a'ssayist, thus weighing the gold, discovers impurity in it equal to the weight of that inch of hair, he would reject the whole bar. This as say of the gold is rigorously performed several times before the coin is delivered for circulation. The bar of gold having been declared to be " all right," and of tho requisite fineness, is now ready for the rolling room. There the first thing done is to clip off the ends with a huge pair of scissors or shears the theory being that such ends are subject to undue contrac tion in cooling, and the fact being that coin produced from these ends would be " dumb," that is, not have the proper ring. Tho bars are then repeatedly passed between successive pairs of rollers of hardened steel surfaces, driven by steam power. By this action the length and broadth are extended, and by grad ually bringing the rollers closer, the thickness is diminished. As the bars become extended, they are cut into several lengths ; each of which, in turn, is passed through the rollers, until it becomes a " fillet " of the thick ness required for punching out " blanks." Though the rolling is not very rapidly performed, the workmen are careful to touch the gold or silver only with thick ly gloved hands. If you were to take np one of these fillets, you would in stantly know the reason why, for your fingers would be as severely burned as if you had drawn them across heated iron bars. The heat generated in the opera tion of rolling is very great. The finish ing rollers are so finely adjusted that tho fillets (or thinned bars) do not vary in thickness in any part more than the ten-thousandth part of an inch. The fillets finally are put into the " draw bench," where they are drawn between steel dies, as in wire drawing, to the ex act thickness of the coin required. In the process of rolling, the bars are an nealed, to remove the hardness induced by the pressure. The fillets are handed, when they finally leave the rollers, to a workman called the -" tryer," who punches a trial blank out of each, and weighs it in a balance ; if it vary more than one-eighth of a grain in weight, that fillet is reject ed. After this, if the trial be satisfactory, a final rolling reduces it to what.may be called " coin-thickness." Next the fillet passes into the "cutting-room," whero the coins are punched out of it by steam and pneumatic pressure ; the fillets be ing fed into the press rapidly, as each of the twelve cuts out sixty blanks in each minute. The scraps left after the punch ing are called " scissel," and are taken care of, to be remelted. Each blank, actually an unstamped coin, is weighed in the automaton balance which tests twenty-three blanks per minute, and each to the 0'01 of a grain. All under a certain weight are pushed into a box to be remelted ; all over it are put aside to be reduced by filing. The correct blanks are separately rung on a sounding-iron, and thoBO which do not give a clear ringing sound are rejected. j nis ordeal passed, the blanks are " milled on the edge by a machine which raises or ribs the edge, and makes them perfectly round. They are then filed, to take off any wiry rising which the pro cess may have produced. After this they are annealed, to soften them before they are struck with hardened steel dies, and also put into a not of boiliner diluted sulphuric acid, to remove any oxido of copper irom tne surface. .Next they are washed with water, dried with great care in hot sawdust, and finally put into an oven, at a temperature slightly above inai oi Doinng water, These processes produce tne beautitui bloom winch may do oDservea in new com. Nowthe blanks pass in to the stamping room, to receive the impressions, on both sides, which will convert them into coin. In the Mint in London tho stamping presses inane mucn noise, and convey tne idea, Dy tne tremor which their con cussion creates, that the building might probably fall down. In the Mint at Philadelphia this noise and this concus sion are not perceptible. There are two dies in each coining press. The lower one is stationary ; the other is firmly fixed into a screw, worked by steam, which, each time it descends uuon a blank, placed on the lower die, makes tne desired double impression, techni cally designated the " obverse " and the " reverse." A steel ring or collar holds the coin while it is being stamped, and the impressed coin falls out as soon as completed. A person attends to each press, and regularly feeds it with a suo cession of blanks. The machine does all the rest seizes the blank, pushes it forward on the die, holds it steadily there, jerks down another die on it, with a heavy but noiseless thump can mill it, it required and finally drops it down, General William Schocxer. Gen eral William Schouler, a distinguished citizen of Massachusetts, died at his late residence at Jamaica Plain, near Boston, He was formerly Adjutant-General of the State, and for a number of years was connected with the Boston press, notablv with the old Bosson Atlas, the organ of tne w nig party, oi wnicn ne was the edi tor. He was one of the founders and leaders of the Republican party in Mas sachusetts, lie was a gentleman of sod alar manners and wide influence, and his death will be greatly regretted. What are the Trouts! The harvest is nearly ended, says the Rural New Yorker. There is some corn to husk, potatoes to dig, roots to gather, apples to pick, butter and cheese to mar ket, etc., etc But the farmer who has carefully kept account with the different departments of the farm can approxi mately estimate his prohts tor the year. What are they ? We do not ask this question because we desire it answered to ourselves, but that each farmer may answer it to himself. And if he finds out there are profits, we hope he can put his hnger on his ledger and tell just what crops did, and what did not, yield him his net revenues. This course we deem absolutely essen tial to intelligent, economical, and pro gressive husbandry. If the blind leads the blind they both fall in the ditch. If man s corn crop has cost him f 1 per bushel, and is worth in market but 75 cents that is, if he can buy corn for 75 cents per bushel, equally good, the fodder he gets from the crop grown will scarcely fill out the margin of difference; and then, if he blindly goes on raising corn, year after year, with no knowledge of what it costs him, it will require the profits he may derive from some other crop to counterbalance his loss on corn. Hut if he knows what the corn costs him, and whence the profits he gets are de rived, it will be an easy matter, com paratively, to stop the leaks and increase the profits the succeeding year. Have the prohts been derived irom economy, or from liberality of expendi ture in relation to especial crops r In other words, is there any one crop which returned ?2 for every fl expended m producing it ; and if the expense of cul ture or tor plant food per acre had been increased, would the profits have corre spondingly increased ' Or has tho far mer found the maximum of expense per acre it pays to give to any one crop Y These are interesting and profitable ques tions for him to answer. The losses of effort and time on a farm are very much greater than most men realize. The loss of time perhaps is greater, notwithstanding the fact that farmers work so many hours per day. This loss is not due to the fact that the time is not all or nearly all occupied, but to the other fact that it is too often im properly directed, is not economized and hence is wasted. But if the time abso lutely spent in the production, harvest ing, and marketing of a crop is charged to that crop, the husbandman soon dis covers its value, how much it enters into the cost, and will devise ways and means to economise it that is, to expend less time in producing the same results. The trouble is, that in making up accounts with crops too many farmers eUimate the amount of time consumed in their pro duction, instead of charging each crop, daily, with the time actually expended upon it. The result of such inquiry as we have suggested above will be to caues a higher value to be placed upon time, to see that it is not wasted, and, therefore, a better direction of the effort or force expended in - producing crops. The best ways and means will be devised and adopted for doing the most work in the least time and at tho least expense ; for every thoughtful farmer knows that just in proportiou as he diminishes the cost of production he enhances his profits. Tho Latest Fashions. A New York fashion journal says of the winter styles : " A toilet for a concert or soiree is of uttwWe-colored faille silk. It is trim med up to the waist with narrow pinked' out flounces. A short tonio skirt of white lace falls lightly . over these flounces. The low bodice has a small plaited basque behind, and two points in front. The upper part is richly trim med with white lace as well as the sleeves. The toilet is completed by a wide scarf of white crepe de Chine, edged with a double row of lace, headed with a rouleau ot licopode-coloTea silk. " Dresses of light-colored faille and drop de soU are frequently trimmed with sashes and bows of velvet of a darker shade. " For walking costumes there is a new and very elegant style of casaque or polonaise. It is made long and very slightly gathered-up on either side of the back, ltus casque should be made of some very light-colored cloth or cash mere, and trimmed with velvet of the very darkest shade of the same color. The velvet appears in the foils of the retrormis, and on the revers of the bodice and cuffs upon the sleeves, as though' it were the lining ot the casaque, and this is very effective. The outer edge of the casaque is bordered with tur. " One of the nouteavtesoi the moment, for ladies who remain late in the autumn in the country, is a sporting jacket of dark blue cloth, ornamented with gilt, This looks very stylish ever a skirt of kilted, black silk, and a Jean Bart hat of black velvet, with long scarf veil of blue gauze tied round the crown. " Another innovation is extremely elegant; it is a princess pelisse, with small round hood, and it is made of dove-colored silk, lined with blue, but toned down the front, and ornamented with blue bows on the sleeves, and aiguillettes upon the shoulders. " This pelisse was worn over a skirt of dark-blue Amiens velvet, with very deep-plaited nounce round the bottom, headed with three satin rouleaux. Satin, it is more tnan probable, will not en tirely disappear from the programme of tashions it shows oil lace to the great est advantage, it reflects the beautiful old point patterns like a mirror. But moire is now appearing as a nouteaute. after being laid aside as quite old-fash ioned . " Moire dresses, however, will not be made now as they wer formerly. Moire antique is made up with velvet quilks over long-trained skirts, and with e habit-bodioe in the Louis Quatorze style " The new winter costumes include coats, gilets and jackets, with variously cut-out basques, which does not mean that the polonaise and tunio are gone out of fashion, for modern modes are as varied as they are elegant. Letter from an Army Officer. The following letter from an army officer to a well Known pbulisher will be found of interest : Mr. Bonner Dear Sir : In the spring of 1868 a disease broke out among my cavalry horses at Fort Sumner, New Mexico, that appears to me identical with that now raging among horses in our cities, and in a very few days be came an epidemic. At hrst it dehed all treatment, and tho great majority of the horses attacked by it died. On examining the throats of tho dead horses, I found the lining membrane of the larynx highly inflamed and thickened, and a thick mucous pus filling it, causing suffocation. I ordered all horses on the first appearance of the disease to be thoroughly rubbed between tho" lower jaws and along the larynx down the neck with spirits of turpen tine, causing a very severe external irri tation and Mister. I saved every horse thus treated, and in a very few days entirely broke the distemper, and checked the epidemic. 1 do not doubt that thousands ot horses, where this epidemic prevails, can be saved by adopting this treatment. It acts more quickly as a counter-irri tant than any other remedy 1 know, and relieves the fever of the membrane of the larynx in a very few hours. Bo sides, spirits of turpentine is always at hand, and can be more readily applied than any other counter-irritant. It should be thoroughly rubbed in threugh the hair to the Bkin, for a distance of some twelve or fifteen inches, under tho jaws and down the neck ot the horse, immediately over tho larynx, lhe remedy is severe, and makes the skin sore tor several weeks, and tor an hour causes great suffering to the hoise. But it acts promptly and encctively, and in my judgment it will be found the best, and perhaps the only cure for this fatal malady, causing such suffering among horses throughout the country. My love ot horses induces me to ad dress you, and to ask you to give this communication such place in your paper as to reach the public in the most prompt and general way, and stay one of the greatest misfortunes now threatening all communities, and destroying by thou sands the noblest animal created for the service of man. Very truly yours, B. S. Roberts, Brev. Brig.-Gen. U. S. A. The Turkish Malls. , ' I went across the Bosphorus the other day to Scutari, hired a saddle horse, and took a ride in the country. ' As I was leisurely trotting along I was startled by a yell like an Apache warhoop. . 1 look ed up and saw a dense cloud f dust through which could be seen some men riding at a gallop. I at once recognized his Majesty s mail train. 1 drew up my horse in a convenient place and waited for it to pass. I don't know how the post drivers drive when there are no specta tors, but when they see travelers ahead they put their beasts into a gallop, and, with flourishing raw hides and terrific yells, assume every appearance of pre cipitate haste. They dashed past me and in a few moments were out of sight in m j' ivni, xuuro was ma - taiLtM. ur route agent, as we should call him ; the surrahu " or driver, who did the whip flourishing and yelling, and a half a dozen or more horses loaded with mail bags. The driver and tho horses are changed at Bhort stages, but the tartar performs a feat of horsemanship that would prove rather severe to a novice. He rides from Scutari to Aleppo, without stopping for anything but change of horses and meals. 1 his is a ride ot ten days and nights, during whish he getsno sleep except what he can get in the sad dle, with his horse picking his way in the dark over a rocky pathway, or a break neck ledge, or trotting or galloping, if the condition of the roads admit of it. There are several things I would rather be than a tartar in tho Turkish postal service. 1 said the tartar rodo to Alep po. I think he goes clear through to Bagdad without change, but I am not quite sure of this. The post for Bagdad and way stations leaves here weekly. It is punctual or not, according to the con dition of the roads. It is safer than our own mails, for it is the commonest thing in the world to send specie by post, and I never knew ot any being lobt. It it BhouM be lost the Government is respon sible for it to the sender. In dangerous parts of the road the post has an armed escort. The Government has lately in troduced the money-order system, and its provisions extend to every office in the country. The post is also a sort of parcel express, which is a great accom modation to the public. Cor, Boston Globe. A Railroad Case. A case of considerable interest is just now being prepared for trial before one of the Courts of California.' It appears that a Mr. James C. Cutting, who is rep resented to be an extensive wool-grower, started, some time since, from Boston to San Francisco, via the Central Pacific Railroad. When he arrived at a certain point on the route, he left the train to make inquiries respecting the condition of a flock of imported sheep. Having completed his business, he resumed his journey the same day. Subsequently the conductor demanded his tfckut, but, on examination, declined to take it, on the ground that the rules of the Company required that all through passengers " stopping over " should pay a second time. This Mr. Cutting refused to do, and the result was his removal from the train. Later on, the conductor of an other train accepted the ticket without comment. Mr. Cutting declares that by the action of the first conductor he lost the sale of forty thousand pounds of wool, and suffered damage altogether to the extent of fifty thousand dollars, for which sum he sues the Company. The question here involved is one that con cerns every person who travels by rail road, and its settlement one way or the other cannot be too speedily effected. ' " Extending your shop front into the newspaper," is the latest definition for advertisement. Crops In the United Slates. A svnonsis of the October crop report of J. R. Dodge, statistician of the United States Department of Agriculture, indi cates the comparative production" of wheat, and the condition of the crop, on the 1st of October. The record of tho yield of wheat is quite as variable as was that of its condition during the Summer. Some States have made superior crops, and . others almost the poorest ever grown. ' Tho JNew England States have nearly snstaine d their usual average. The Mid dle States and .Maryland together re duced their last year's aggregate from 37,000,000 bushels to 24,ouo,Ul)U,or thirty five per cent. The Southern States, from Virginia to Tennessee, which wero known to have increased largely their wheat area, appear to have enlarged their production fifty per cent., or from 18, 009,000 to 27,000,000. California has increased her product at least seventy five per cent. Minnesota and Iowa havo made a material increase, while Missouri and Kansas, the former growing Winter wheat mainly, the latter both Winter and Spring, Lave had a comparative fail ure in both varieties. Virginia and Ken tucky have had good crops, while Mary land and Ohio return diminished yields, rs does the entire district between the Ohio and the lakes, the Miami and tho Hudson. Returns have been received from coun ties representing a large proportion of the wheat of each State, which indicate an increase of about five per cent, over the product of last year, which was esti mated 230,000,000 bushels. It is prob able that the completed estimate will not fall short of 240,000,000 bushels, upon an area little less than 20,000,000 acres. This will make the yield between twelve and thirteen bushels per acre, which may be considered an average for tho United States. The increase in States west of the Mississippi appears to be about 15,000, 000 bushels, or, in comparison with last year's product 85,000,000 to 70,000,00 bushels. The central line of wheat pro duction running north and south is this year farther west than ever before, and is nearly identical with tho ninetieth meridian, which divides centrally the States of Wisconsin and Illinois. Nearly all the wheat produced be tween this line and the Mississippi River is grown in the western half of those two States. The quality of the wheat is, in most of the States, better than last year. The percentage of product, in compari son with last year, in each of the States, is as follows : Maine, 109 ; New Hamp shire, 08 ; Vermont, 95 ; Massachusetts, 00; Connecticut, 06; New York, 70; New Jersey, 80 ; Pennsylvania, 60 ; Del aware, 75; Maryland, 66 ; Virginia, 101; North Carolina, 130; South Carolina, 113; Georgia, 180; Alabama, 133; Miss issippi, 101 ; Texas, 320; Arkansas, 102 j Tennessee, 200 ; West Virginia, 104 ; Kentucky, 175 ; Ohio, 85 ; Michigan, 88 ; Indiana, 101 ; Illinois, 98 ; Wisconsin, 121; Minnesota, 130; Iowa, 112; Mis souri, 60; Kansas, 80; Nebraska, 140; California, 175; Oregon, 108. In States where the crop was short last year, as Kentucky and Texas, the per centage of increase is heavy. In Cali fornia it is mainly duo to an increase of area and a superior rate of yiold. tcentaee of increase is heavy. The Northwestern Boundary. The arbitration in the matter of tho Northwestern boundary, which was sub mitted to the Emperor ot Germany under the thirty-fourth article of the Treaty of Washington, has been cemploted. In a despatch from Mr. Bancroft, American Minister at Berlin, to the Secretary of State, the decision of the Emperor is an nounced as in every way favorable to the claim put forward by the United States. It will be sufficient to recall the main facts of the dispute which arose as to the true intent and. meaning of a cer tain portion of the Boundary Treaty of 1846. The forty-ninth parallel was the line ot demarcation agreed on between the two countries. In order to accommo date Great Britain, which set np a claim to Vancouver s Island, on the ground ot its settlement by English subjects, tho line along the parallel was deflected suffi ciently southward to secure this compro mise. There was, unfortunately, no map drawn of the exact boundary, and Eng land insisted that this deflection gave her all the islands between Vancouver's Island and the Continent. For this pur pose she claimed that Rosario Strait was the contemplated channel. America in sisted, in response, that the Canal do Haro was the channel. This would se cure the United States the important island of San Juan and others less im portant. The deoision of the German Emperor states that the Canal de Haro is tho line " most in accordance with the Treaty of 15th June, 1846," thus settling' the matter definitely, and restoring to Uncle Sam valuable territory. Whipping Scholars. A young and high-spirited teacher em- ployed at a Grammar School in New England, probably oppressed with the fnonotony of her existence, endeavored o vary it a few days since by pumniel ing the younger children with a book. One little girl, who passed through this ordeal, was found to kave been injured so seriously about the head and ears that her recovery is considered exceedingly doubtful. As soon as the circumstance was made known to the trustees, we are told that the belligerent teacher was im- mediately dismissed ; but strange as it may appear, nothing further was at tempted to be done, with her. Instruct ing young children is certainly calcu lated to put the patience of teachers to a very severe test, and if they should some times lose their temper it is scarcely to be wondered at ; but .it is a different matter altogether when they break into a violent passion, and assail their pupils, with books. It is pretty well understood that it requires persons of the most ami able disposition to undertake the work; of the primary departments of schools and trustees commit a very grave error when they employ those who are lacking in this essential qualification. Ej. change.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers