TERMS OF 'PILTBLiCATIqpi,
On the Cash System..
.... - 1 —_-
. Th,e*Miners' Journal will after theist of. January
jaw, oe published on the following terms and condi
.
4rons
FOr one year, .-- , $ 2 00
' Six months, IT , ... 1 00
' - Three months, -/..,. , 50 -
;Payable semi-annuallntil advance bythose. who ro,_
'side in the county- - -and,..annually in advance bylhitse
?who reside at a distance, 'l,_
: irr Nd paper will 6e--sent unless - the." - suliseription
ii paid in advance. -
Fivedollirs in advance will pay for three years
-- subscription. .
. ltr.Papers delivered' by the Post Rider will be
charged 25 'cents extra.' • .-
TO ADVERTISERS ..---- . -
• ,
Advettisements not exceeding a square•ni fir - rave
.Ileek will be charged $ 1 for three insertions, and 50
i cents for use insertioni. — EivelniMreir - under. 25 cents
. for each insertion. Yearly advertisers will be dealt
"with on the following terms: -...-----
One C01umn......$ 20 I Two squares, .....$ lO
. Three-fourths d0....15 One do. ... ....6..
11a1fc01amn,.......12 I Basinss cards, 5 lines, 3 ,
All adVertisements must be psi for in advance tili
'less an se.Count is opened with th advertiser,
The charge of Merchants will be'sloper :tannin,
with the privilege of keeping on, advertisement not
'arceeding one 'square standing during:the year and
, ,inserting a smaller one in each paNr. Those - who
occupy a larger space will be Charged ep
. Notices for Tavern Lidence, S.
All notices for Meetings and proceedings ofrneet
.ngs not considered of general interest, aqd many oth•
sr notices which have been inserted heretofore gra
'tuitiously, with the exception of 'Marriages and
‘,dtmths. will beeliarned as advertisements. 'Notices
ofDeaths,, in which7.invitatious arc extended to the
'friends and relativen of the deceased, to attend the fu
neral will beehamed as advertisements (...-! •
1 q,
PEEIODICA I L. AGENCY OFFICE.
.1111114-iiub.criber has opened, a PeriodicdrA
gency Office i i connection with his estab
lishment, and is nitv prepared to furnish persons
residing in this, pi ce with all he MAGAZINES
-published in Plulhaelphia, New IYork,'-Boston,
and 'Washington. al the publisher's subscription
priees - , , FREE OF,POO'AGF, t by leaving their names
at the office of the Miners' Joorpil i . Persons ie.
siding in the neighborhood, and p thdeountry,
by subscribing at this Office for publicatio'ns,
'will have them mailed at this place regularly and
the postirge will be only for the intermediate dis..
lance. 4 7
The following are some of ihepublications is.
sued in Philadelphia, New York, Boston and
WaShington.
. ,
. • "HILADY.I.IIIIA.
Codey's Lady's'Hocili,
G(1111111rOP Magazine,
ladies' Musical Library,
World of Fashion, . .
Young People's - Hook,
lottell's Museum of Foreign Literature
and Science i -i,
' .. NEW YORK.
Lady's Companion,
linickerlawker,
; r
Hunt's Merchant's Magazine. '
BOSTON
The Boston Miscellany,
Robert Merry's Museum,
WAStiIINGTON
liemocratic Review,
COLD WATER MAGAZINE
"• This periodical will be issued monthly, in the
same style as Robert .Merry's Museum, with
plates, price SL-- per annum. The Prat number
-is now issued. Any number supplictrfree of post
age by applying at this office.
Subscriptions also received fur the
Dublin University Magazine, "" $4`,00
-Bentley's Miscellany; . 500
- Blackwood, 4.00
Christianj'amily Magnzine.t- 't,l 00
All - delivered free of postage.
Substeribers to any of the weekly- publiciiions
in Philadelphia and New York can Make - or.
rangements to their advantage by applying to
the subscriber. AP.NJA MIN HANNAN.
Alinetp Jodrhal and PeriadLeal Agency Office.
June 18, 25
COUNTIERFEITERS 9 DEATH-BLOW.
/VFW public will please obierre that no Brandt-ell'
are genxine, unless the box has- three label's
aline it, the top, the side and the bottom.) each
containing a fac-simile signature of my hand writing,
thus—B. BILANDITETIL M. D. These labels are en
erased on steel. beautiflilly designed, and done at an
expense of otter $2,000. Pherefore it will be seen
that the only thing necessary 41 procure the mepicin e
in its purity, is to observe these labels. L.
Remember the top, the side, and th • :bottom. The
following respective persons are duly authorized, and
hold • •
Certificates of Agency for the Sale .rThandreth's
• 'Vegetable Universal Pi is, •
IN - SCHUYLKILL COU TY.
Wm. Mortimer.-Jr. Pottayille.
Huntzinger & Levan, Schuylkill H yen, -
E. 4 , E. Hammer;Prwigsburg.
S. Seligman; Port Carbon,
James Robinson & Co., Port Cl i nton,
EAwatil A. fiutzner. Minersvitle,
, Benjamin Helmer, Tamaqua. =
Obserie that each Agent has hn Kngthved .Certiff
cafe of Agency, containitt!gi a representation of Dr.
BRA NDRETITS Manufactory nt SinV Sing-, and up
on which will be seen exact come of the new
labels now used upon the Brandretb Pill Boxes.
Plaladelphia, office Nu.
B. BRANDRETII. M. D.
, .Islartb Eighth St.
Fcbniaiv 19, " .; • B—ly
•
GOLDEN SWAN HOTEL,
• ( REVIVED, )
No.
.fi,9 N., Third it., above Arch', Philadelphia
Q - BOARD ONE DOLLAR PER DAY.
CHARLES WEISS has leased this old-estab
lished 'hotel, which has' been completely, put".
in- order for the accornmodition :of
travelling and permanent hoarders.
Isal It roxin it "to business,y renders it
as
desirable to- strangers and residents
of the city.s Every portion of the house has.lun
dereone .a. complete [ cleansing. The--nulietary
department is of the first order—with good books
and servants selected.;) Insure attention toguelts
as accommodati i ns for 70 persehs.
T hose who may fvor ;:the house with their
custum, may be assured of finding the best of
fare the best of attention, and, ae is stated above,.
very reasonable charges.
Er - i Single day, • .
L s- Rosin fur horses andvehicles. Also horses,
fo hire. •
tr_e Germantown arid Whitemarsh Stage Office.
Phtladellihta. beeepber,ll, 1841 31:1-tf •
EXCUANG E.perr E
CENTRE STEEP, ifoTTsynat
NEARLY OiPOSITE THE TOWNIgALL.'
DARK) ~ ; LAIt
,
R„-r„r"„c.„„
-,,' • u"': 1 70.1. - rormo; Ir is friends and the
travelling •co 'amfunity in[ general, that lie
___ taken the abo vd ut p know . nesta b
lonment dfi
ed up wtth • now
as i.:;;•,, , furniture, and in the best style, for
the accommodation of all those who
.may favor him with their patronage. The above
:establishment, is located in the centre of blai
oess... There is an omnibus leavesrlie' house ev..
try day for the Rail road depot in : time for tray.
2itera tolaite the Care for Phtladelfiina.
' P. S. Good AbbrinratttlebCd,witil attentive osf.
. era. April 1G ,"
POTFSViLLE: INSTITUTE.
T HE Winter session of this instituticm corn
menced on October 26th, and will continue
itv.elve weeks exclusive of. the .vacatinti. It is
earnestly requested that all having waidsor chit.
- drunlto enter, will do so it the commencement
of the session, as much of the success of the ou-
Ailsdepend upon a prmnpt and judicious classifi
cation. No allowance will hereafter be made for
abseoce eximpi :in eases of protracted sickness.
:TERMS
Plain English, branches,
'Higher
classics
Millenary;
C. PIPMAN, A: B. Principal.
NAL:Books will be furnished to the piMils al
tlrq customary prices when .requested.by the pa. .
rents: . Octo'ler 31.
- • FRESH SPRINGOODIB, •
AVE have just received mid are tirepared to
reduCed prices
A general assortment of ! Staple and EinicY Goode,
consisting of - .
Prints, Lawn's, Muslim. Cheeks, Linens,
Fancy liantrfs., Lace Wile, Hosiery,
',•Oloves, Summer Whs., Nankins,
• Genti.'Sliminer Wier, .r`'' • 1
.131dacbed and
,Uiibleached Muslimt, -
Cords,:Drills, Resverteeriii. Tiekings t
Lac ? Cs,,Corsetts,-Miner s Wear, &e., &C,
.Itrise' wishing to pincluise are invited td call
E. Q. do A: HENDELSON'A.:-
May 28; • ' •
l"
OEM
WILL'O . PIE ST.REV ,siminnemosimml
•
"I WILL TEACH YOU TO PIERCE DOWELS OF THE EARTH, .ND BRING OUT FROM ,HE - TO OUR HANDS AND SUBJECT ALL NATUR,H TO OUR USE AND PLEASURE '
MOUNTAINS, METALS
JOHNSCHS
. . . •
vot. xym
• - ;C! flit If Ell S' 0 Uff l *l r
Mice Lyrics, Ato.
Hid thou then notight of feeling. hasithytrow
_
Borne always the-same impress —eold as now;
Has thy heart never flattered 'neath he spell.
Which one loved , spirit cast around its cell;
And dost thou deem a haughty frontan hide
The living sympathies which there -ab de?
Nay !do not thinlcit weakness—it is, wrong
To chill the current,gushing, deep and strong,
Beneath Our life's cold surface: 'cube soul
Swell in , its beauty, high above control;
And as it rises on its lightning race. •
So should love's torrent flow around its base.
There isno danger in the free excessi
Of youthful impulse ; it was made to bless
Our passage through life's channel —and to spurn
Aside the bumity r would'be but to tub . _
Our hearts agrainst the giver—hush cochlear,
And lend thy intellect to .passion's car.
......
,
Dora there not sweep across th soul a t even,
A melody tharecimes as 'were, from heaven?
Lulling thy opine from its lolly throne, -
Down into tears by its sweet soothing tone ?
Beautiful being! Om thou see in this,
Aught but remembrance of departed ( bliss 1
' .
The memomof past joys, like a vague dream,
nits o'er the sense, and leaves a glory.beam
()flight upiin its pathway; wherefore, then,
Should human spirits forma gloomy glen,
To hide their feelings - in ? throw off the chain,
And let their' forth in nature's world . bgain.
Curb not thy feelings, let them revel,free!
Twill add, now glory to thy destiny :'.
Ana when thitright existence finds it grave, •
Beneath Eternity s unlathomed wave: •
Calmly upon its bosom wilt thou rest, .
Without.one vain regret within thy breast. W
__ _ /
. ; A Simile. • r
[ Extract from •• Thbughts on Temperance."]
83 00
3 00
3 00
3 00
2 00
6 00
I stood upon a rocky cliff that overlooked the
bright, waters of , a river. f,is I gazed along the
sloping valley, vvatching the meandering stream,
I ISM a mighty OAK that stood upon its margin.
Its lofty top reached-the clouds, , sod its giant
brancheiispreaid afar. - :lts deep-planted roots ran
a thousand'waYs, and clung firmly :to the hill: Its
'form was straight and beautiful, tapering like the
delicate finger o her I love, and its leaves quiver.
ed in the fireeze,l like: the wavy ringlets of the fair
maiden. ,it sprang him a genial soil nurtured by,
the dews of Heaven, and here and there, around
0 00
5 00
5.00
$3 00
1 00
5 00
- its base, a few away pearls lay half burred in the
sandi '1 be murmuring stream w e
eteied the ver
ro
dant fields, and gbding.throogh the Dale, stole flow
ers from its banls,.and bore them ion his bosom. •
The scene was picturesque and heautiful. The
plaintive moan of the dove, and Ole wad strains
that breathedfrom the harp of a forest maid, en-
tranced the soul with its melody. Delighted, en
raptured, I gazed with a melancholy pleasure upon
the various objec'ts around me—firet upon the gi
ant oak—then through the winding valley, observ
ing the river's gentle flow.; now curling and broalt.
ing in glassy surface, then melting into-smooth
ness. Filled with emotions of rapture, ; l exclaim
ed, 4. How lovelyl! how beautiful! i Oh; Paradise!
land of bliss ! Long have . I sought thee—far and
wide,-thou are here—'-henceforth thou Shalt be my
residence—here Will I woo, and
White man„” said Au-wau-trash, the savage
chieftain, interrupting me, and speaking, in his na
tive tongue. 4, how tamest thou here, end what
seetest thou I ;Phis is consecrated ground-- r on
this spot my - father worshipped, and twice every
moon we meeup3in this cliff, that our spines may •
commune with each other. " - tz„.
I turned. The Indian stood before me. He
was tall, athletic', and- arrayed in the costume of
War. An arrow was drawn from his quiver, and
his bow was slightly sprung. As . I eau& his
f • •
eye, his hand fell, and, with a firm, . elastic step,
he approached. 1,
•Tell me, *hits mao, " said he; 4. whet thou
beheldest t "
An-Tvau-kesl, " said I, cast Your eyes along
he valley, and behold that: monument of nature;
Its wonderful Size first drew my attention, for its
head is in the clouds, its arms spread wide, and it
stands firm as the moveless hills."
"The tree which thmi seest, said he, "g. was
planted in the Morninghf Time. ,It has looked
with scorn on the wrathhil hurricane. The burn
ing thunderbolt has quivred harmless around its
trunk. It 'Stand! immovable. It was planted by
the Great 9piiit th guide the Indian while travers
ing, the wide, interminable plains that stretched
fir beyond ; these
.It„hatia:tood for ages, and
long since did the arrow of my fathers pluck feath
ers:from the eaglii that perched upon the top. BUt
mark !" 'tis m i en-day. and era theu:eleepest, its
limbs ehnll tremble, its top shall.shske in the
clouds.",
I looked again.i A hazy mislwaS fast gather
ing over the valley; and as I caught; through- the
eddying vapor, itglimpse of the ijant tree, I saw
it bend to the weight of rx sparrow. 'lts broad top
no longer veiled,the horizon.
~ Tell mr:„ A ut a you bash," said I,+" teli me what
: 11 3er.;is this ? " 6 1
~ .
Hearing tin reiponse, I turned and NM the In
dian descending to his cabin. i •
F looker again♦ and the mist had faded in the
sunbeam. f I beheld the broad; clear aky , the sur
rounding Ws, arid the purlingotrcant. The wild
bird sailed on the breeze, and the eagle soared
high in the heavens, and searched in vain. for a
place of rest, for the oak had fallen! The silent
stream had loundla secret channel, and its founda
tion: grain after grain, was washed away , . 1 has
wiled to the spot ivhere it stood, but. thii current,
had borne-it to the ocean,
—a Nora traceieft behind,
Save'a few reflecting gems
That wound the slimy deep."
SO it is with 1131111. I 13-W 11 noble youth, the
jay of his fattier, the pride of his mother, and-hon
orable in 'the °yell of the world. He" knew_ no ill
—shunned all mean arid vicious crowds; hut
his wanderingelo t , haunted the gesvery bank of a
sparkling. atreainlet. He stood like
: the oik that
dared the tempest; but a secret channel faughed al
his firmness; and carried off his kiundatian.•
Headef, that stream was Ar.coun
$4 00
6 00
8 00
25
Drotass.- - -The Inverness COurier intimate..
that the Yankeesare likely, in retunObr the hOs;
pitahties they have showered upon Sr. Dickens,
to be repaid ainannar such `as they may not
altogether fancy. ;it says: ' r.
..Mr. Dickens„We understand,Tetuins a better
Englishman thaU,lhe went; his views of Ameri.
can society hava not impressed him favorably
with new world, though instances of individ
.
tialkindness and attention were'shOWered 'upon
him in profusion.! The lights and Aides of A
merican manners÷the strangely mingled traits
of freedem and. domestic tyranup; ofilugli spirit
and saidtd•vulgarity, of liberality atOmeanness,
which are 'displayed in' the 'social institutions 'and
intercourse of,the United States, will afford a rich
Geld for this_inodein Fielding, whlOsibestlaurela
hive:beim: d Isl.: his comic humor , and hie
game
moral painting oflife and character,"
FIRS'
AND POTTSVITALE GENMAL ADVERTISM:
,'WEEKLY BY BENJAMIN - BANNAN, po r trsyfiLE, SCITUYKILL - COUN'tY, PA.
Tii'llie7Editora or the American Sentinel*
` - '.„At the request , of, many friends who take a
deep interest in the questions now peAding be
fore Congress, in!relation to a revision of the du
ties on
. imported) anercltandize,.l:' send - you for
-publication an etract of a letter wrteten.to a
gentleman in SOuth Carolina, on the 14th No
vember, 1830. 1t was : iny opinion then, and am
more fully convinced in it since; thatl.he free
- trade theories whick,ivere so ably defended by
the Southerh writers, were based in errors as re-
r
gariled the interests of the South, while the ultra
doctrines maintained in the Nortliin support of
a prohibitory system were equally erroneous as
regarded the interests of the North. 'lt has been,
my lot to have dccasion for several epistolary
controversies with both sides.
The letter, from which the subjoined extracts
ore taken is one of a very few that are preserved
by a copy. ! •
Let ua now enquire into 'the operation, for
which suppoie thp whole community to, be divid
ed into two classes—one producing articles far ex
portation, the other producing articles fordomes
tic consumption only. The first we call A, the
second . B, and the country which buys the pro
ducts Of A, and Suppliei' ; its own products may
be called F. ,A produces andand exports annually
$lOOO worth of articles—B, produces articles fur
domestic consumptiorrin the same amount, one
half of which. he sellsto A, a;nd consumes the
other half' himself. A receives from F s[ooo
worth of his products, one half of which he gives
to B in exchange for those bought of him, and
the other half he consumes himself.
, The government requires from ffiese products,
a tax of $4OO . and imposes it on the goods re
ceived froin F. A Wink the importer pays the
duty and charges" B an addition of 40 percent.
on the goods -sold to him-each thereforepays
an equal share of the tax.
But if B is enabled by reason of the duty on
the F goods b.aight of A, to sell his products at
40 per cent more-than he could have done with
out such duty, then A pays all the tax, which, if
I understand it, Is the southern argument.
In theL rs t place it ,should be observed that
case
such a case could not exist unless B is positiVely
enabled to raise the price of each of his prodncts
to the eXtreme point of '4O per; cent. advance,! in
consequence of the tax on the F.: goods. And if
:B cannot afford to produce his goods without
this additional price, to deprive him of the price,
is to annihilate his business and power to render
this nominal aid in the concern. Ain that case
must still pay th 6 whole tax, inasmuch as be con
sumes the whole of the returns received from F.
A continues duty of this kind, and the sonic con
tinued condition of B's business - not only 'proves
that A's is much better, which must necessarily
dratv more capital"into it, but it proves great de
fect of wisdom to force by such a protection a
business incapable of improvement; but if the
revenue be necessary, it must be paid by the bu:
siness whose benefit will allow it. If B has no
supplies. he can pay nothing, and A cannot be
relieved by changing the mode of payment Gut
hciw is the fact ? B commences at 40 per cent.
protection, he improves in his skill, increases in
his profits, invites pore capital and persons into
the business, and when he can supply A at 20
per cent. on F prices, he pays one quarter ofthe
tax. Bo now beghis to aid Ain supporting the
Government, and by inviting more producers and,
consumers into his pursuit, ho extends the de,
mend for A's returns—and at the sem& time re
duces by competition the prices of his own pro
ducts.
You observe that "there cannot be two prices
for similar articles at the same time and place."
This is true as a general proposition, but, like
most general propositions in political economy, it
is calculated to deceive us.
Let us look at the state of the facts. • B finds
a general . duty of 40 per cent. on all. imported
goods—he - commences by making those which
require the least skill and in which he can most
successfully compete with F. Experience primes
that this has been done on a large portion of the
most necessary fabrics, and that their price is,
: now. exclusively regulated by the home supply
and;dcniand. I could give you along list of
such articles which are sold cheaper than they
could 1M imported, duty free. This fact is, not
disputed, but is always met by thd - question
'twhy then ask for protection,?" This question,
whether answered or not, does not controvert the
fact, (while it implies that B is paying, asto such
of his business, his full quota of his tax.l , jut
the answer is, that as long as B is assured 'Of the
home market under the duty, he is not exposed
to the injury arising from these revulsions in
commerce whereby goods are, Often thrown' out
(for a market) at less than their actual cost,
whereby he may suffer a severe loss, especially if
the home competitor has reduced his profit to a .
minimum. It may be said that A ought to have
the benefit of these fluctuations, but even he would'
find it a sacrifice' to his free trade doctrines, be.
cause when B shall be received and his business
broken up, the F goods will cost A more upon an
average than if he had depended mainly upon B
for his supply, which can always be furnished
cheapest when the price is most regular-besides
the ability of B to Consume the F goods is there
by" diminished, and--a greater share of the burden
of the GovernMent falls on A. But, to return to
your general_ proposition, "that there- cannot be
two prices fOr similar articles at the same time
and place." Dissimilar articles may, compete
nearly as effectually as similar ones for instance:
domestic- muslins at 6 cents a yard ate substitute
for India gunahs at 2.o—the former are now made
' cheaper than the same can be imported frpm Eng.'
land free of tax. The importations of this article
from _England, for exportation; areinvoiced at
about 4d 'sterling,- [to which May - be added the
successful competition in South America by the
United States cotton spinners.] The English
article is rather handsomer to the eye, but lighter,
and made of inferior 'cotton: as the iiihriCxtor
vances in price, or rather as the labor of the Man
ufacturer increases in proportion to the cost of
the raw material, F gains on B find vice verta.—
Another - Consideration- induces
„Ilie , =substitiition
of one article for another 'of different prices, in
*hich F has a decided advantageelothe of the
same texture and quality, of , wool, finished by .
the superior skill W . 4* are More pleasing to the
eye, and consequently more szdeable,•aided not a
little, pethiPs, .by- prejudice in favor of F'a
-rics-but it happens ithat most of ttm lobar be
stowed iagiving goods asliglaily finish deterior
ate them ; B is therefore, obliged, to, Flips better
but less sightly goods at a less price than F. In
this ease there' are toil . ); pikes at ilia dada' tune
and place, for erticlei that
=
sr- SATURDAY MORNING, AUGUST - I.3;_ t 1842
- EXTRACT.
Eh
points 'of comparison. The free trade ad voca t e
would say that the consumer should have his
choice—but that is not the point; freetratle must
,he reconciled to true economy or the doctrine is
false—but I have another answer. The Govern
ment must have revenue, and it is wise to tax
luxury rather than necessity. ;The tinselled'ar
ticle ought therefore to pay the highest
I. now proceed to notice the items of e;change
hellion= A. and B. and V. adverted to intik ° b e .
ginning. The total imports of the United States
(or consumption may be' stated at $70,000,000,
(1830.)—d these about $12,000,000 are free,
and $ .58,000m0 pay a duty of $22,000,000,
(near 30 per cent. Of these $22,000,000 about'
$8 000,000 are for articles such as ore not made
in the United States, and about $5.900,000 for
the fine fabrics which are not attempted; although
B. produces coarser articles of the same material.
In effect then,'there are but $9,690,000 of duty
that opmate as a protection to the Jabot of B.
-- whiChZin disturb the morieycd relation: between
him iend A. Let us divide the business of A.
and B. not into two equal parts tes in th'e case_a
hove stated, but according tUtheir respective p o w.
era n: production. .onr population is; say •12,---
000,000, their consumption may be put down at
$5O each per annum—six hundred millions. Of
these loventy millions are supplied by F. in ex
change for the products-of A. and 539 millions
produced by B. making' the production of A. to
that of B. as 7 to 53, and the consumption in the
same ratio, now if 53-00 parts supplied by B. are
530 millions, he desires.a protection of 39 p 4 cent.
on about . 23,000,000, or as above, $9,000,000,
some considerable portion cf which, I may admit,
he charges on the price of the products sold to A.
A querze intrudes itself hew, which I cannot for
bear to put.—ls A. in any wage condition for pay
ing this $9 4 000,000 in this - form than if it were
laid on teas and coffee, &c., which B. could nut
produce. But to c ret urn are find B. supplying
630 millions, of which 23 millions are raised in
price by the tax. This enhance is not equal to
the duty, for the reasons already stated, viz : want
of exact comparison: domestic competition, &c.,
which ranges me advance on B's. 23 millions,
thus furnished at say from 5 to p per cent, no
product being advanced to the full extent of the
maximum duty; an average of 10 per cent. may
ben fair • one, _which on $23,000,000, is $3,440,-
000, received by B. from A. in the price of his
protected products. It is noteasy to make any.
satisfactory eatim ate' of the amount of tho remain
ing products of B. which be supplies at any giv.
en rate, lees than F. would supply them; they in
clude provisions, stock, agricultural and other im
plements, manufactures of
! wood, caiaiages, also,
feather, &c., which constittites the great mass of
consumption, and are supplied 50 per cent. lower
than they could be imported duty free. What
ever this difference may be, A. has the advantage
of it in obtaining about 7-Bth of hivvrhole sup
plies at- a much cheaper rate then he could obtain
them for elsewhere, thus enabling him to devote his
capital and labor to a more productive business—
besides, B. is the chief consumer of the articles re
ceived for A's. product., and but !otitis consump
tion thus paid for in the cheap supplies he furnish.
es,A. must abandon his business toe great extent,.
and produce for his own coastlMption, iastead of!
for exportation, or he must buy his whiale con
gumption from F.; on 7-Bths of which he must
pay an'additional price of 40 or 50 per cent. while
the greatest possible benefit way of offset that
he could derive, would be a reduction of, say 15
per cent, on 23,000,000.
The remainder of the lelter c having less bear
ing on matters of present interest, I add some. re
masks resulting from subsequent reflection. ,
From the foregoing statements, It appears that
allowing the Southern argument w that the produ
cer otexports ;pays all the slaty. levied on the re
turns," its full force, A. has to pay lb per cent.
-on 23 millions of coasumptian, and receives the
remainder of it, 47 millions,at 40 or 50 per cent.
less from B. than ; he could get it (or elsewhere, so
that while ho pile for the protection as above,
$3,450,000, he receives a nnumeration in a re
duction, say of 40 psi cent., on $47,000,000 or
$18,800,000.1 This is not indeed a profit on A.'s
business, but if B. did not supply him on -these
terms, he must purchase - Mrsupplies where he
would have to pay this.sum, in addition to what
he now pays, which being Impossible, he Would
bo obliged to produce for all his own wants, and
lessen or abandon the business of production for
exportition. ;As it is, A. receives vast benefits,
not only from the market B. makes for his impor
tations, but for the : aid he renders in the support
of the burdens of government.; '
Let us now examine the question so much
discussed, as to who page the duty on imports.—
The general theory is that the consumer pays it,
but for some time it-has been argued that the pro-,
duces pays can also be shown that under
a fair protective eystem, - the foreign manufacturer
• pays it. - Let its suppose that A. and B. consume
in proportion to their prodnetien.• It is clear, al
so, that in the mterchange of 'products, both for
eign and domestic, the price t 9 governed by sup
"ply and demand. -T,ha dui? ea the F. products
either increases the price to the consumer, or com
pels F. to pay' the duty and keep down the price.
This latter operation can only be done by means
of the competition of B, who, as he improves in
hie art, increases the supply, and consequently
lessens the price—whence as B. advances in skill,
'economy, and ; Tower of production, F. must ply
more and more of the duties, until B. can furnish
hie products as cheap as F. ; which when ben
pens, F. must pay all the duties in order to com
pete with B. -This proposition is verielear, and
if a protective !ystem be moderate, free from hot
bed .stimului,ced the pursuits under it be well
directed, this result must-happen. If there be a
aystein of prohibition against foreign imports, then
indeed the producer A. may be so . restricted in
his ? market as to be obliged Morrell for less than he
would if trade was more free; the produdor
ports may in that case he, said to pay the duty, or
a considerable.' part of it; but' if the duty be so .
s low as to gival. 4 full poss4shiti of the supply, he
controls the pri c e , and ell the tax on the con-:
sumer. -Which of Abase operations m best for
the country ±- Surely that in which B. is ena
bled, by his skill and industry, to have his chola).
of the home roarket, where A, has the elllKrtuni
qtyy Of effecting exchanges for all his products, and ,
;where such is the. character or the home supply.
that. F. is obliged to psi the sehOle or a' constder
able part of ' the tai before he can compete with
B.'in the hinte • Market._!: That' F. map ' be tthls,
Compelled to p!iour import takes is an undenia
ble truth in theory'' , end *algae abundanifrecti;:
cat proof of itiltie cemplaints 'tot:gips:
lnantirachiiiiiiihermier high dada: are .i ll O l 4,
ors their rabrits at the Oita of faigotiatfaiif' Thies
.
•
. :7 •
'
. • -
•
_is one ef the Secrets of England's wealth; her
Manufacturers have a decided advantage in the
home market, end whin foreigners send their lab-
rice to - England, they are obliged to ,pay theidu:
ties, in a reduction of pride ? before they can be sold
=thus they are conapelleil-to work for the lowest
possibliThrofit in order to be able to get into her
market.' It is mistake to suppose that' B. can
divide thetirmount of his taxes upon the protluc
tion he sells to A; any mop than "A. can charge
his taxes upon the products he eel& •to F. , ; in
both cases supply and demand regulate the price,
and B. by increasing the supply, mast diminiaL
the price; unless he can increase the demand by
some other means. •
This fact accounts for what has seemed para
doxical, viz: that a rise of duty seldom raises the
price of the dutiable article, and that the reduc
tion of duty never produces a corresponding re
duction of price. The imaginations of adventu
rers in mercantile operations, for want of under
standing this practical truth, have caused many
ruinous speculations; very many instances might
be adduced in which duties have been reduced
without t t beslightest sensible effect on price. To
illustrate this operation more fully, take the article
of salt, which being an article of the first necessi:
ty, and regular consumption, is perhaps least of.
all others subject to changes of fancy or fashion.
It is produced say from domestic labor, or import- •
ed from England, — Portugal or the West Indies.
If any regulation of government obstructs the sup
ply from abroad, by imposing buidens on it, an
impulse is given to the demand for the home pro
duction ; but if the price he advanced in the same
proportion, the foreign production-cornea with the
same facility as before, meeting an increased sup
ply at home. The demand is, however, not in
creased, and the increased production must, by
the unchangeable laws of trade, rather reduce the
'price. The-foreign produce/4s therefore compel!.
- ed to reduce his price, if he had actually raised it,
and pay out of his profits the whole of the burden,
imposed et the place of
_importation. And here
another operation'. occurs which is worthy of no
tice : the foreign producers are not all equally able
to bear such a reduction of their profits, and un
less the_price be advanced, such will-be compelled
to abandon this market, giving place to a supply
from the home producer. These operations will
control the supply and den.and with scarcely a
sensible effect on priees, the only pereeptiblo dif
ference being, that more of the supply is produced
at home, and less from abroad, while the foreign
producer is compelled to pay the amount of the
increased harden before ho can get into the mar
ket.
The assumption that increase'of duties on im
ports or a diminution of them produces generally
a corresponding increase or diminution of price,
is the main fOundation of the anti-protective doc
trine.. That it is utterable fallacious; as a general
proposition it demonstratable in theory, and has
been proved 'a thOusand times 'under the observa
tion of all those who investigate the facts.
Farming on a Large Scale.
What large tracts of lands are sometimes tilled
in. the Western States under the name of farms
may be judged from the foaming articlo which is
found in the Peoria Pre.sif:
AN ILLINOIS
den:11 , 11;0f Peoria, has a farm about 18 miles above
this place, at Rome, on the Illinois river, which
is the largest, or at least one of the Largest in . the
State.
The first field of this farm that meets your view
in. approaching Rome, consists of five hundred-a
cres, under what is sometimes called Virginia or
worm fence, eight rails high. Three hundred a
cres of this are-in wheat, principally put in last
fall, and which was sowed upon the sod, last year
for the first tithebroken up by the plough. From
such ground it full crop is never expected, before
the large furrows, which bad lain in a solid body
of matted roots for ages, are thoroughly decornpos
and pulverized, which cannot take place in a few
months. The wheat is now Oily 9th,) o white
for harvest ; " and it is estimated that parts.of the
field will yield twenty-five f amd seine thirty bush
els to the acre, though the whole may not average
much over twenty bushels. The difference in the
crop is mainly attributable to the time and manner
in which the ploughing and sowing -were done.—
The balance of the field is in corn and oats.
The second field, which:is nearest Rome, and
seperated from the first named, by the: road led
ing from NorthaMpton to that place, consists- of
two hundred acres, which is enclosed with a beau
tiful and excellent_ board fence. Vila was done
at an-expense ; of $ 1265, which was about the
cost of the fence around the five hundred acres.
This field contains wheat, rye, oats, and corn, and
shows what the La Salle prairie can do'when un
der full subjection to, the hand' of the 'cultivator.
The wheat here presents a scene beautiful beyond
description. It. ovettops the fence, which exceeds
five fee - r,itheiglit ; it is clean, well headed and
even, and must produce thirty-five bushels to the
acre, A description of the rye and pate would be
such as might excite doubts of its truth in -the
minds of those who have never seen the crops of
our prairie state. The corn, though fine, is not so
well grown as i
it s af-the same time,o( the year in
ordinary seasons. • .
The third field, which lies north of the second,.
will be of Mammoth size whenrcompleted, which
will be in a very short time. Much of it .is now
under fence, broken up, and s part of it in Corn.-
It wilt consist of sixteen hundred acres, all Mader
one fence.
The whole farm comprises abont`two thousand
three hundred acres, and has a straight line of fence
on one side, three miles long. .
Mr. U.; expect. tbis.fall to be able to put sev- .
en or eight hundred acres in wheat.--Mdch . Of this
be . iri ground a second year under cultivation,
and With an ordinary reason, the next year's crop
of this and•the sod wheat, •or what will be pot: in
new ground, may reasonably be calculated to yield
at least, an average ..production of twenty-five
bushels per aere. _
, •
The breaking or ploughing of prairie Coil
Underhill $ 3 50 per acre by contract, end wheat
sold here,nearly all list , whiter at 75.. cents - per
bushel; if it came alutle under that on some days
it'wenitigher on others. We adtithese.prices to
the preceding account, that. the reader may form
some idea of whet can be done in
,the way ofprai
rie fawning in Minas. ..,, • • • ,
=Mr. U.' is now building two large barns, 30 by
50 feet, diritbe'bank of the river, at Rome, Where
_there is onoof the .bast ateamboal laudings on,tho ,
river. The East of these was - rabred lasi Saturday,
and the frame, of the other will be ready to gi;'ur,i
in short girlie: , .1 .
The most-' beitatifulijitiirig: in nat4fis fat
ton chasing hit hit iti f Bata of 'whirl: -
There's light in the brook as it glideth by,
As bright. as the glance from beauty?, eye;
A life in its tone as rich and as choice,.
As the thatlives in the minstrel's voice:
And no devotion the breeze may bear -
Sweeter or purer than riseth there:
There's love on the face of the lake impressed
A freshness floats over its limpid breast
As on its waters
. the sunbeams play,
•
Behold how•elear and deep are they.
Its borders are fringed with the rosy and rare.
And. Nature looks forth in her purple these.
There's joy in the stream as it horrieth on,
Unawed by any, and checked by dune;
And a bright display of unconciuus bride
In each sparkling drop that ticads. its tide.
Its progress how rapid ! its current how free !
Reflect on it, roan—'tis a mural futthee,
oro a might in the flood, roll when it mar.
id rage in the whirl of ins dancing spray:
tiger goes with it, and parts the wave—
irtles the timid, and nerves the brave.
iments spent there„ 'mid hopes and hairs,
e chronicled either in amtlei or tears
ere's wild - delight in the ocean's f..am,
sere gloom and glory make their home.
tsed aloft or buried below,
bark and the mariner.gaily go
d the rougher the storm and the madder they
--- I rave.
The greater's the glee on the heaving wave
Waters: bright waters! be where ,c will,
No matter how raging, how deep, or how stilt—
There's light and beauty await your form,
guitt initatin, or lost in. stdim;
And ye'ro looked on by each and by all to be
The homes of the happy, the lured, and the free.
J. H. R. BAiLEY.
From the New York American.
Peter Scriber—on Ji Grave gaestion.
\it EDITOR :—lf I wele asked what policy of
Government was calculated. soonest to produce
civil waritind a total disregard of all the salutary
restraints of the constitution? I Would on my
conscience say, as I believe cincerely, - that the pol
icy which refuses to furnish a sound national
currency would, sooner than any other; produce
this result.
We are in the habit of ,believing "that it is libe
constitution and equal laws, made in conforeility
to it, that exclusively make us one people t'hut I
think that it can be demonstrated , that neither
that Constiinfiorrgiorious and profound as it is,
nor the laws under it, sage and just as they- are,
would stand but for a brief period, were it not for
the existence of trade and intercourse between
the States on a reciprocal basis. It is reciprocity,
and an Interchange of equal advantages in inter-
course, that aisles us u E pluribus unum." Our
coasting and lake trades—our wagons--our steam
boats—our cars on railroads—and our canal boats,
with their freights and cargoes, know nothing of
geographical linei and State boundaries ; they
come and go, - and cross these conventional lines
under the guaranties of the constitution end the
laws, which say, that for all such purposes we are
one people. But this trade and intercourse is
kept up and pursued, not exclusively because we
bare a Constitution and laws, but because it is
the interest of the people. Let that trade and in
tercourse, however, be embarrassed .end thwarted
for went of o convenient and equal currency or
medium of exchange, and the constitution, which
claims to make us, one people, would be as use
less as if it had been formed by deligates from
China, from Fejse,Siam,Ptdagonia, 7ombudoo.
and New l'irrh,calling them all.. United States."
•Ilut; say the •hard folks,•we balmy' cur
rency—a.real 'constitutional currency'--gold and
silver—which is of equal value in all the States;
. Yes, end so have all the Governments and coun
tries above mentioned... So has Mexico, and she
is right alongside of us; and yet all the constitu
tions and laws that.could be formed in the wis
dom of man, would not make us •• E pluribus IT
num" with Ihoie nations- Somethitig besides
gold and silver is required, and that something
is • currency,' or • confidence money,' which- the,
Government says • I'll take,' and which the peo
ple at all points or the country can .take with the
same security and confidence that belongs to
coin. Let such cease to exist, and it will soon
belound that the States remote from each other
(and even those contiguous,) which formerly were
in all matters of trade and intercourse, one peo
ple, will become embarrassed and perplexed. • One
has an advantage which another feels it has not
—one is discredited and another grapples it under
the guarantees of the Constitution, and picks out
its vitals—one can do nothing unless it be with
'constitutional hard money,' w hilst another, more
fortunate in credit and confidence, can over
match it-with • credit currency'--and then very
naturally begins the calculation as to • the value
of the Union;' being found thus io co oper
ate unequally, an appeal -is made to change it,
-and if necessary by force; and that which was
intended to be a chain of brass, linking as all in
one thiPpY circle, proves to he a mete rope of-rand
—and !llinois, Arkansas, Louiaiana, Maine, Ver
mont, Alabama, Michigan, New York, Georgia,
Ohio, and the rest of now all-. E Pluribus U
num; become Ttmbuctoo, Patagonia, Affghanis
tan, Nova Scotia, Arabia and Texas—one having
about as. much confidence in the other as the
Pope of dime has in Joe Smith; the Moeinun.-.
Therefore to my mind it is as. elm as light: \
that to continue a United, a prosperous end hap
py nation, we pot only require a just and equal
constitution, and sound lav%s, made in crn formity
to fahich tae have,—but to render them
useful end available, we must hhie trade and in
torCoorse. between tho,States on .an qual and
fair basis: and that we cannot long bave without
a' sound and quad currency, having • the odor of
Nationality,' Omits feet.; a currency that will en
able the producer, be he farmer, planter, crytnufsc.
turer, mechanic, or any other class, toiinterchitiiit
stall points of tho• country, with his' fellow citi-
Fans, and get his pay without leaving his work.
- As.khings now are working; and whiChl have been_
we are as sure to go
at twilit now for some time ,
z u n, n to ruin as on e ewe that we curie oat . ot
ruin by an oppaiite policy.- •- - .
It is too long s story on paper Ao detail all par.
te4ilars; and they who will not believe until all
points are stated, are like the man who would
not plant corn until be was infOrmed how ii was
that it rotted Brit berme it grew Again. and 'Warn'
ed . hia ignorant neighhors for planting, and hoc
ing and picking without being , able' Lo
particulars why they .thus.worked in ignorance.
was this 1131n8 tpidc onewho would , not permit
his wife to give her child catnip, tea, to stop é'
equaling; betitioile the could not, or cared not , to
explain why catnip tea we. ir yaks and sare remedy.
Bach men kill crops snit kill children;and still
as surely kill riatians, or destroy' their proaperiiy,
~ ...tahiklt is pietty_meCh the same thing in the es
thinition of ' •
Coirrisor Srairtsatien..—.o o the uneflignice,
order and siitae of airetatt—ora its,industrione
habit; --enterprise and skilt-=:tt. a i r ii Of vision
and fiergy or - purpose, every One litr. rj oi
parity of society depends: i Ateri . cepitil
lobar rind sciatic.) to employ it wleiely or 'in,
physical strength Without knoWledge to diiict it,
is-useless: 34m.0 of:. the most productiveregions
of the earth, tire inhabited by; beggars, the miSers
ble specimens of humanity, who ire such entrinlY
because of their ignorance; wbilit wealth is (i/s
-rained out of ttle 4 granite bills of New England;
end lutury rejoices in the 'Trost inclement climates,
.beriuse living on these hills and under those alt-
mates are isees of. intelligent men. Never, 9r al
most never; then; is ilier° Wisdoen in practieingt;
errantry with reterence to
,the institutions which
preserve Order;:illCTelliie knowledge, ancl-ProruotO
virtue. Itheso are the fortresses, which in times
of danger, c garrisoned and welt
' stocked with r matter hot* much
useless disp merelniury, is giv
en
. up by it innutties, but touch
not things r growth of the mind
and heart et too people. Tate &Wit the steam
era and furl the spare and throw oinboatd the
-earguilinCifillm and-autitasi--to enable the ship to
ride out the storm ;' but ao not ant away the masts
or unehip the rudder. A man short of furnished
beit:4"eat meat only three times a week, than sell
his library or take' is child° n away,: (tom school.
So a , community hetl i bett, , r leave as the list thing
to be touched by retrenehinent tbe means of, edu
cation, and the institutions of religion. For if these
are crippled, had is only worse ; the main epringi
of social life ere broken. Millions of dollars rosy
be saved, in this country.—by giving up what is'
oral( es, or - hurtful, before there will be any occa
sion trieconornise in making provision for the rilf;
fusion of knowledge, or the preservation of good
morals. The land` can do without coaches for . - a
time, and rise again in its . forrner prosperity. Pull
own the school houses • arid burn the wheelbar
owe, and tute. land wad remain dreolate indeed.—
IV( reburyport: Herald;
NO: 33
. The death of the Doan or Onzissas, eldest
sae of the King 1440 Wench; and her apparent
of die Freneh.throne, is en event not More Billet
ing as a domestic calamity than it is deplorable as
a public one. In no country of the Old World is
it perhaps so necessary to tbe,public tranquility
foT the reigns of power to be held by forn and able
hands as in France ; and the age of the King, if
not his ii.firmities, made it of the highest impor
tance that such hands should he m readiness to =
receive them from. him. The, deceased Prince t.
was, from all we have learned of his character, 4
roell hued by nature—by courage, arid prudence,
and education—to succeed to the difficult aud ria
ponsible post,.which has been hitherto, for twelve
years, filled with suchwisdom' and(; fortitude
his able and virtuous-father. 'The Power of the
throne now, however, instead of d4scending to
such hands, must pass into the keeping of a Re
gency—the most hazardous of conditions for a
monarchy, and that monarchrexposed to the ern=r
barrassments of a dispuled succession. This state
of things will, probably, at no ilistant Jay, put in
jeopardy thelranquility of France, and. by conse
quence, the peace of Europe. • Such ere the ap
prehensions which appear to us reasonably to ,
grow out of this inscrutable visitation, by which
the most Important life in alt Vrance has suddenly
been blotted out—a visitation so pOrtentous (MAIM
Nation as to mingle with , The mother's .anguish.
her fears for tier cnutitry, and draw from her, all
she bent over the body of het dying son, the ex
clamation, What a dreadful misfortune hail+
len upon our family, hut heti mach greater is it
for France ! "—National intelligencer.
Tun SAT.? TuAuc.—lt is‘stated that half the
salt works on the Onondaga Salt. Springs Reser
vation, have been suspended,
,in consequence,of
20 per cent, ad valorem duty,lat whichOoreign
salt iseriow admitted. This mte of dritraliatiiints
to ri trifle over -4 cents per boshel,:wheremihither
to the rate of duty"'on .foreign salehiiS been -10
cents per bushel.
The duty paid to the State on each bushel of
salt made at Onondaga being 6 centaour manu
facturers cannot stand against the foreign 'salt
which is fast coming in by way of St. Lawtence
and the Canadas. The State is, therefore, losing
—lst. the duty, 2d. the tolls on- the salt sent out
to market, 3d. the tolls on the return trade do- .
pending on the quantity of salt Sold, arid:4th.
the profits to the persons, our own citizens, who
ale engaced in the salt trade, whether as capital-.
ists and laborers connected with the manufacture,
or as forwarders and laborers engaged in the
transportation of the salt and the commodities
purchased by it. .
Such are some of the blessings to this State of
the combined rule of Loco-Focoism and Tyler
ism.—Albany Lailg ,
A sci .ranful experinainit was ntade at the Phil
adelphisNavy Yard on Wednesday morning with
Captain Stockton's large wrought iron canudn.- 7
This mammoth gun is 13 feet long,-with a bore
of 12 inches, end will carry a ball of 112 pounds:,
It wiis first loaded with fifteen poilnda of powder,
but that load did not reach the touchhole, and it
was therefore drawn out; slid a large wad ram - nod
in first. It was then fired off, first with 15 pounds,
then 25, then 35, and afterwards with 95, pounds.
The last discharge is said to hive wade die giound
shake for many yards around.
This terrible instrument of defence unisidared
on board one of the iron steamers et the Yard to
be taken to Sandy. Hook, where it is intended to
try its power in throwing balls.
Termite des:vs.—A correspondent of the
LanCaster Intolligencer states that he nisi p4sent
at a Camp Sleeting in thu lower end c: York co.,
on Sunilay:the24ih ultimo. and that hitween I I
and 12 o'clock in the evening there was a alai:l
- storm, which, for ruin and lightning, audloud
thunder, he'says he never heard equalled. The
lightning struck into the camp, and killed—three
horses dead on the spot; besides stunning a num 7 "
ber of the peisons present on the occasion., The
scene he describes is one of thee most ternfie and
awful ; the shrieks of the wain); thtf neighing
m the horses, and the successive peal's of thiinder,
pro Ceded by the most !avid sheets- of Lghtningy
made the whole spectacle sone of great AO a*fuF
sublimity. No person vris hurt.
0010.--The Columbus
,State 'Journal of the
20th says that the Committee of Conference of
•
the Legislature _ has had n meeting on the • Ap
portiorimen(ind gives the following report of it:
•-:.Little - pr nothing has been done, or to least, , , •
biattranspired, beyond the adoption.of a
ticiii;fising the inaxirnum and minimum rates ocl . ' •
pripplatitin for tho new Districts. • None are to
be organizerrhigher than Hamilton County
[80,145) or having less than 64.,000 inhabitants!
It has also been determined in Committee not'
divide Coonties, and to conform to. theta !of
respecting elections by, single
trios. Co n gress
Mr-nnin avisa orr.—Among the yassengrrii •
arrived at this port_ last evening in the stesmei,
New York, frpni New Orleans, is Wiley .Fresifl"
man, arrested sortie, time since . at
charged,with having murdered his wife four jeers:
ago in Edgefirid District, in this Stain. lie left
thieitj this , , morning on
. the ra , lrota . for Edge..!
field, in Custody. of John Crawford, the brother of,
the murdered, wife, who imeeeedell in. emituririg!.
him after four , years' diligent aeareh.--Chorksfoni
.
CLai. 7 —The Pajledelidita Gezkie itibt
Hebei a liet - of irrie hiindreit, find forty tiipeta.that
fiab itotite4 the CLAY Fitz.
NM
I=l3