' ----77— `` . "7" . - 17 ‘ -- , - , '1 ';-, ' - ";77.:"-- - ;,'. -= -: - -• Two DOLLARS per nnum, payably semi•annpal in advance. If lot pall ithiit the, year, jg . bp w ill b e charged. .. - ---1,.7:---,_,-. - • ...,•,..-,......- i4rTaimg,delixel :, 14 fiaC1 : 1 1 7 1 4.U 1 5.4, 1 4 - ed 2.5 centeeitra. ~ , i •• . ' Advertisements - eat exceedhirtatilire irnen , will - be: charged*: for three ' dens-mind Alicentsfonene: insertion. , Larger 30:11n„, oem i n,,. , izt ~ All ddrertismentiti Ihe thsertaa' datil iitiiiiivid • ul un less the time for ar ich*thiis ninth infeontittited in spee ffiedoted.will be hargetinticordingtr...,: . V. . Yeuly advertisete: ilk he.chargel .$ll per annsia ., . i e einding subseiipteiti taii`"the paper= - •With - alleprivllege of keeping Ina advert -mew not exceeding '2 squarer standing donne they . coed the inaertioo of a smaller one an each. paper :for. • - successive times. , • ri All lettentaddres -, to.the editor pout be poit pai d otherwise di attend will will bequild to them. ' Alt notices for .. - .• nge. dtc. and other notices which have heretofore ..... inserted gram will be 4barged 25 cents each. except . triages and Deaths. , Garde. Bills of lading and sr.ription, neatly printed at this prices. ;07. Painvddets. ' . fkredbiUs of every d Office at the loweg THE Pill LADE Plll4 & SUSQUEIII ti N& OPPOSITION LINE. TRI•W F EKLY BY AND NEW POST COACHES. Via. Reading; •Pott.roiie, Port Carbon Cooper's, Shamoktn, Sunbnry, Nort4mberland, and 61.1tawissa. jQ THROUGit BY DA Y-LIGHT.JII Subscribers having mad e arrangements to A ' form this route in connection with the Daily Line of Potl, Shoerier, Finney. 4 , Co. on its arrival in Pottsville from Philadelphia. for the purpose of transporting passedgers from Philadelphia to the Susquehanna, through the SHAMOKIN COAL Ftemm, have hailed a Tri-Weekly Line of Stages, to leave Pottsville on IY3, W EON ESD AYS, ♦ND FRIDAYS, immediately on the arrival of the Philadelphia Op p..gitioil Line. at . 3 o'clock,,atid proceed to COOP Ell., where two lines will branch off; one going to SltA MOIL'S, where in will arrive at 8 o'clock, and the picaugers after sleeping 'here. will arrive at-Pr-ice's ii;tei, in SUNBURY. and Lee's lioirl,at Loin, early next meratne, In Uwe to take the Pick et Boats. . inherl'route from Cooper's, will proceed to Brody's Wel, at CiATTAWI..A, where it will arrive likewise at 8, ti clock. in time to take the Coach in Illoorn.hurg, , Rerwick, and Towanda. RErUßNlNU,lpaasengers will leave Noarimm- Beata ND at 14 1 0'cloclk in the morning, and the Depot °line PortsVit.ut Odd DANVILLE RAIL ROAD at Sun, bury at hall inst. 9j proceed to SHAMOKIN ter dinner and arrive the RUUD evening at POTT.VILLic From CATTAWISsIA Returning. pasi.engeiN will leave a t 9 A. 11,1,. dine a t Coupe's', and rtiaeh Porre. Mi VILLE to 'ka :et : the next morning's Oppetaitior. Coach to Philadelphia. RATES OF P.A_RE. From Phtl,d'a. (hrcrto Northumbet land, Km " do. .do to CattllWlSSa l 6,0 11 " POttsyttle tE Spohns',.(Broad Mt..) SO do to Cooper's, 7.5 do to Shamokin, L,50 " 'do to Sunbury, via. Pottsstille v2s & Danville R R do' to Northumberland, 2,50 do to Cat ta w issa, 1,75 J.W0.8 KRAM & Co. Shamokin. JOSEPH 11 MEL & Co Pottsville. ,JOSEPH PAX ros & Co. CattOwisso RO HOE TV RS. For seats in Philadelphia, apply at Sanderson'. Hotel, 4th St., Mount Vernon 6House, 2d St., Con great, 11 a 11. '.3d St.; United States Hotel and Marshall Hou.e, Ch nut Street. ID" Adel y line will. shortly be eittablished on the above rout Puttsvillei. June 29 - EXCHOIGE HOTEL, POTTsvILLE II iliiana G. Johnson" -, : HkS taken this commodious establish 17 uv occupied by Joseph Weaver, A ~., , me,. reoen Esq. AD me '• National Hotel," cower of Centre and Callowhill ntreeta, sad has materially improved it.: arrangetnent for!the accommodation of customers. The situation is pleasant and central, being contig uous to the Poat Ptfice and Town Hall, add in the business part of the hi-Hough 4 and three Daily Linea "of Stages.arrive and departfrom the Exel,airge to and from Reading, Northumberland. Danville and Cattawissa. t PRIVAfEF VI ILI ES warp desire spending the suirmaer months a the Coal Region will be furnished with parlours and chambers.calenlated In please the fancy and: render comfortable theonost fastidious guests; and TtavIELLERS will always find those accommodations which are- mist desired, and the strict attention Of servants. . it were superfluous to say twat his TABLE and BAR will alwayis be furnished with the choicest viands and liqurira ; and with a wish and exertions to gratify his gilesta be anfic.pates the patronage of the public. Pottsville, april 13, 1839. Dares Safety Lamps, OF the beat censtruation, and most approved kind also makes , new gausea to old lamps, and other epaire dune Blithe subsertbar's Clock and Watch Maker Shop, in; Centre street, Pottsville. June 1 ta-tir JOSEPH COATSWORTIL /Ai BARGAIN. Fdr Sale or to Seat, 7 ..,,,." ACRES I Land, with Waggons, Schntes •••Sordeos, nding„&e., all in complete order for workibg, aving 3 good . Veina open, situated near Middrepor -; and known as the Lewis 4. Bull Tract. F r terms apply to ' 'JAM t , a Or JA B PETERS, Philadelphia. ~ ;- • Aissigliecii of Jaucob 801 l & Co. March 23 i • . 12--tf , I ritriplAlT SPRING STEEL Cram Strained' Saddles. 'UCH." D V.' SI 1101 ER A Saddle, 11 "tile„ and Trudk Ma nufacturer, ReSPOCTFIJLLV tenders his sincere thanks to his Cusufgnersnd the Public in general for the very, i liberal eurioura menc he' has received from them. He now info6n" t m that he ham an improvement an the construction in • Saddles, for which he hash patent „sight. and reco ~ mends them to the Public as being far superior in du bility, ease, and comfort to the rider titan any other i et invented, and he recommends his Steel Spring V . as-Strained Saddle to the notice - of the public. with co. fidence. He therefore respectfully in rites the Pahl) to call at his shop next door to Mr, ihrtz's Store ~ early opposite the Exchange Hotel, Centre street, P. tuville, and examine for themselves. He also Icee , constantly on hand a general assort ' ment of ill kind of work. such as Saddles, Bridles. Pat ant Fly Nets. C. ach. Gig, and Wagon Harness. Trunks. Notices. Tier: mg Bags, Gig and Riding Whips. &c. Every descriph.n of work in his line will he made to *dor , on the ah , rtesrttotice, with neatness. durability, and en terms as lowas it can be done elsewhere. ' May •25 21-tf. , 'E HOME MAIO/FACTURES EX COL RA; Fire! Fire!! Fire!!! - BUCKETS AND HOSE, 111 kW,. equal tesnythat -eas be procured elsewhere and sectosp, by /*HARD D. 811,0ENF.R, May 22 24 . , . ~-,-. y • - . -.- A , 7 4, it: . Al'Arr.- - . 4 7 - " . ..- - 1 - 1- .:' , ... - 7, 2.' , .....iiitYi.;" ~. ~ ,.. a-V7.:1,....,.'".....7.,.a - V7.:1,....,.'" . ....7.,. 1 0 • . a „ „.,„,,_. , !.47' ---,; 4112111) .. I wilt cli fop koAierce; IMMI v 0 iXy.; L V 400 t. THKEE D 4 ItS LATER FRO . . The packet ship Oxford, at li from Liverpool on the 21st, Oc 1 New York Afternoon papers, and Commercial 4diiertlser, we cop& items. , . . ,' • , The intelltgiroe by this arrivallhiArterefy the same cheracte as :lhat of the Gifeat,,Weiterti. and indeed' it cooldi not be expected Wel modals would produce any e ange otmeimeca. . TiCe worst feature of it is the con 'need decreer° of specie in the coffers of the Sank o • England, as shown , in the quart:illy average. • We quote 'O, article from the' London Spectator, in which it is stated that application has been made for ao order iii council authorittirig the issae of one pound notes. -The same statement was made in papers brought by the Great Wstern. • The weather had been fine. and the supplies of grain were sufficient for thej demand. Wheat and Flonr continued without any altetiation in price. _ The arrivals of Flour from America at Liverpool were considerable.. Over five thimvand barrels bad reached there thp week prevatoux, and more,it was stated, was expemed. The duty on Grain !except ftir Rye, which had advanced) was the same. The Cotton Market had undergone no material alterations. - Prices no better. Elderman, the last living member of the National Convention, who voted for the death ut Louis 10th, died at Stratshurg the'begiring of October. The British Queen had only3o berths taken on the.lBlo or October; and not 201 as before stated. The. Oxford has performed viiiyage out and home in the wonderful short ume of filly-three days. The London Morning Post °tithe 19th sayer— "Wc have no amendment to houhe in the conti nental exch.nges. The quotatiois are still drooping and, but for the support given to the market by the hotise of Baring, Brothers & Co.. who are believed to be acting 'Or the Bank of England, it is not too much to suppose that they cotild not be maintainea at any thing like their recehtHelevanon. It is a question not very easy of solutiun;httw it is that a balance of trade should still be interation against us. - The payments made and ima ing, for foreign grain, are, it tS to be presumed, much more consid erable than 'the pOblic are aware of; and rise expor_ Limon of our manufactures is still so inconsiderable as hardly Co be worthy of beiqg taken in account at all as a niedbm of exchange; Last year whipped nothing to the Dorn growing lamas the'conti• rent; this ye at there is the sa., e absence of orders, and we &upon.% at may no's gie burly understood at this branch of our export trade has ail but cetinZd." From the London Spectator ol Oct. 19. It is stated that the Bank I DOecturs are very ear neat in pressing the Governmeht to issue an order in Council ter suspending in their favor lite act of Parliament, by which the bircitation of notes for sums of less than .£5 is prohibited . The Ministry are, however, understood to havrefused compliance with this request. The-usual iinonthii statement of the liabilities of the Bank will be published to-mot row ; and it is generally belieVed, that the amount of bullion in, store will nut be aUginentcd, as, though there have been some' large importations, the neces sity of paying the small dividends in cash has •b. structed 700,000 soveseigns ircim the Bank coffers ; but, as this bullion has not been reported. a considtir able part of it must soon :tind its way back again. The foreign exchanges hatte declined slightly 1 and the appearance of them is heavy. It is under stood, that the Bunk has CrestSo upon Pirria-to the full extent of the'atnount (X 1,001.4006) that the hank of franc° unde , took to di.count; and. as this sup port to the exchanges has been l withdrawn, a t r decline is anticipated. STATZ . pr. TNADN IN ENGLAND AND preient, it not absolute distress; noun mbarrasa. inegland anxiety prevail in Ehgland an erica. l'he Britian Queen, which arrived on Tuesday last from New York, brings accounts of the continuance ore unghtv struggle with coinmertial and monks. ry difficulties. ;ben efforts to pay their debts to this country axe combined with operations incurring 'resit liabilities to Ea.glish capitalists. The same -vessel winch einfries bullion and bills 26-ti al exchange representing _ i iriodnee. shipped, also brings bonds and post nmett.and•other promises to pay exorbitantly for immedisite accominodlition.—; And it would seem. that, atthOugh the meat,' adopt: ud by Englishmen to raise finds in America s not of the 'lame description, nevertheless the mar kets of the United States are resorted to for the pm.. pose iarobtitiuin g ready inoney. It appears that,immense quantities of.mercban rime have within a month been sold at auction 03 New York and Philadelphia, at low prices, on se count of tnglish owners. No doubt the gain of such transactione rears eventually with the porches er—the loss With the needy seller ; but the wean time, additional pressure is put upon the American money market just when it most needs relief. This state of things is natural as well as dishes. sing. Permanent, or evert of long duration, it an not be; btit - the symptoms or speedy improvement are not visible. 15-ly . The manufacturers of the North of England are preparing fur a dull season. `ln cmusequence of the ii unto orible prospects of the , co p ing winter," says the Manelester Guar-dicia; "a a tuber of individual spinners Sod manufacturers, , in , arious parts of the neightu3urbooo, Rare already passed to light up their factories. • , We have not heard any agreement to that effect, but understane, that acacial lineetinga, for the pur..• pose of considering the sequel, are in contempla tion. The sarelgn exchaniOs, in defiance of every cffort to support them, cant/ i nto to decline ; and a farther contraction of accomhoodation by the Batik of Englaurt is anticipated. London, Oct. 20.—1 t is said that at the weekly meeting of the Board of Directors of the Bank of England on 'Thuraday, it waii resolved-to adopt more' astringent measures in regard to discounts than those heroolore acted upon i the directors being now more than ever convinced that the uufavorable !tate of the exchanges and the eonsequent. drain Ohm their coffers for gold, can oUly be checked by keeP• ing money dear and Scarce. 1 ' E.eptorian of tke Royali George—Portsmouth. Oct. 17.—The result of the Uxplosion in blowing op the Ilostalqeorge, last Tue ay, has been attendeo with success; the greater pa t of the wreck has beeo successfully displaced: is morning her bows were landed at the dockyar : Should the weather continue favorable, the divert fully expect to remove far greater portion of the ill sled vessel. A Man reacted from a iter by a laoa.—A Burr correepoildeut. of ligs Du T b to Post, dated Friday, miry—. since I came here - 11 have heard an anec dote of ooe of Bitty's bona, Which shows tbo sagaci ty of that noble animal inl a remarkable -point of view. Those who visited; Batire menagerie, in .Duttlint wilt remember that* bad two boos and a • tiger tamed together in the lame cage, and whilst exhibiting ata micrea t t tote days aim. the heiper of these animals, whilst in the cage with them, 'mined, tit hii foot end felt upon the ti r, which was , lateep at the moinenti The anima became enraged, end jumping op caught the a fortunate man,.by the thigh. A thrill of horror pervaded the hundreds of spectator" wlici.-4reie visiting the exhibition at the time, iime. and the, man's deg/minion was deemed incrit. able, when, to the inexpreseible joy, as well , as 9., _ _ _ MM ' • • " • f • SON. • Hag& sed vadat* olt-Rootto to gar ape aikd 01U4 I • • ••••°'. - r;-• , _r. • •-•e• . - •••••..' • . " •":1;1N ; ?<it; Weekly an, titelasylkAll - C..anaty,, , reitasylval . 4%„ - • • ' w Yor sailed .1. ',tom the i pilly the I , e. following IREL , Nit - • ;`' .g.; ° • 5/ATV& DAY , 111 1 011.31,1NG. - 4110VE 31 - 11Elt 1 23:4 , • • . - , • • -4 , 4 %. -i,..z.74.14 f,•,11 , amusement, of all - present, •4. , .. 4 *, - e by the neck, irtectitged it jai 'once' tereltexpride , hoikvittilse,te-inan , •wai , dragibruit of uke dale Weeding rata dreadfulmandint.;' e waeirnerritate. ly platted under the care of D ' ..Tyriam,. of this town, arid* now quite recover .. . , Bravery a Peteelie Preis Donut tfte 104 1 ). of Clopute a l„.4he• (Catholie) Birdie of Ross litho bad displayed greet zeal . refuting irermy trirelieve the besieged place , wins made pr . by Lord Brog. hill, who bad become in auxiliary of Cromwell." lie' bad been too distingniabed n the war Mildest the parliament to hope for me cy. Still Broglitll promised the prelate his W. un ete.dition that he timid use*.is spiritual authority with the go mit on of a fort near the field of bat tl e, and persuade it to capitulate. The Bishop of allowed himself to be led IR the front of the fort. that the garrison could liar his words. The holy man then raising his voice, without losing for a armlet his calninesa and. amenity, atrenuously _exhorted the • soldiers to hold out againsiohe enemies of -their religion and their country. He then came; hack and resigned himself to his late. His enemies," says. Lelarid, "could discover, nothing in this• conduct but inso. lence and obstinacy, for he war i papist and pre. late." 1; is the .carrent report at the Post Office that stamped labile, saturated with gifm, ail to be.itExini on the direction side of the letterey,_ HI be thei'mtions used for,cartying the new Penpy Teoitage ActAntci operation. Mr. Rowland Hill 'a to have, it,te'said. ae superintendent of tts working.A salary 11,50 UL per annum: V r , . Balling, Runde:sr - Night. —The august and, solemn rite of the consecration of% bish&pf the Oatholic Church, wok place in this tocrn WO, the Right Rev. Dr. Feeny having been - niecrated bishop of the diocese of (Lila', to item anus with th e man dates& his Holiness. in the r ut of th e Right Rev. o r Dr. O'Finan, now 'resident in lielfr.t: The eeremo 'ny' was celebrated in the'magnificent new cathedral. Although completed on the exterior, with the ex. certion rif Abe stupendous towihr, its- interior is as . yet in quite en unfinished state, litile r thore than the shell of the edifice existing,,and the altar being only a temporary erection: SCO F xNW - - . Locomotive power a*ied id Canal triasu. —on the 21st and ithid instant an, experiment was con: ducted on the Friurth of Clyde' Canal, of a novel and highly interesting nature, by ;John Maclean, C. E., and emisnliing engineer to the canal company. Ii is well known that the hauta4e of boats on this ca, eel has hitherto been perforthed by horses, the-rates of speed being 'for the bevel' "loops, brigs, &c 4 to the London, Dundee, and other trades, about one and ' a balror two miles 'pet hour, when drawn by two or five horses, according to the state of the weath er, and for the swill or peetsenger boats between eight and -tine miles per hoon on an average, when drawn. by taro hones, ' The °eject of the experiment was to aseeitam the possibilly of using locomotive power to drew the boats inad 01 horses ; accord ingly, a single line of reds upon blocks, like an or dinary railway, was laid - delve fin a . onnsidereble space along the canal banks, near lod,k . stxteem, end a locomotive engine and tender, built by Mr. Wil. flaw Dodds. having been breogitt down the canal and vet on the toils, on the morning of the 21st, Mr. Macneil. Mr. s lohnson; the 041 director, and sev. eral engineer and gentlemen', being prevent; line ex periment commenced by attaehing to the engine the towing line of the first passenger boo r t that made its appearance, and winch tontaftsed upwards of ninety passengers, with thAr luggage. There was a. tri. fling delay in disengaging the horses andAying the line to the engine, but this wits amply compensated when the "Vesterio" briskly Iset off, and almost im mediately gained a. speed, oil seventeen miles and three quarters per dioter,,whieb ehe kept up around two curves,:and until the i rminatioikoi the rails made it necessary to stop, • id the cheers. f the des lighted passengers. This e periment was repined. -during the course di the dit with each 'passenger, boat as it came to its trolled space, and with equal success each time. On one !ion a towing-rope, which was mach decayed, go fool with it curb stone, and broke , but without cane ng the slightest incon venience, except about one :nte's delay. The en Pine employed being Intend only for • slow trade, was not calculated to go at , a greater speed than eighteen miles per' hour; belt it was the opinion or all present., that .with pronerlpessenger lecomotivee r a speed might - be obtlimed..Aual to the 3 upon the best railways, new of the lotieripossersing the advan tages secured by the eanal bank, of a perfect level throughout. The nature °lithe melon was highly gratifying to all the passengferi, being more steady and smooth than when they boats were drawn by horses. Several of the . heav (maned) vessels were also 'taken in tow during the two da vs ot trial, at the rare of three and a -half, for, and Sve miles per, hoar; and, on one occasion, two loaded. sloops, and • large wagon boat, were together attached to the engine sod hauled with ease at the rate of two miles and three quarters per hour. whilst one foindi of the steam was allowed to pass the throttle valve. The foreg f oing' etatemeata render palpably apparent the imiremeuae advantages which might 17 gained by this flew adaption of steam power—a great econ omy in hauling exoenaes,! as one engine might draw at least sax sloops wicb now would require from eighteen to twenty fei r horses, and. if necessa ' ry, at double the presents ; and a proportional' increase of the important tr ffic on the canal, which might be reasonably expec ed. Passengers would c S ed increase in a great proport l ion, when attracted by economy and speed of trans rt. The Onion Canal might be traversed in two hours, and the Forth and 'Clyde Canal in one a d a half, inatead of four hours and three and a balt as at present, and this by only-assuming .sixteenmiles per hour, though more might easily be peqo ed, ai the experiments nave shown. i .4 WA . Welsh Literature.— rho poems at Lewis Glyn Cott's, a Cambrian bard of the nineteenth century. i the second part of which ar sadversiled schw weeks since, as having been just üblished by Mr. Parry, of Chester, and Mr. Gee. Denbigh, under the edi torial superintendence of e-Rev. •Walter - Davies, and the Rev . J. Jones. ap r calculated to impress the reader with.en dere idea of the poetic claims of the Welsh people ; and t e preface. which is writ ten id English, gives some interesting and original' material connected with the wire between the rival beans of York and Lancarter.whieh cannot fail of being equally instructive to the antiquarian and the historian as well as to the general reader. 4 We understand that the director. of /A Chester and Crewe Railway Com . .3 , have ,made • an_ ar rangement with the dine . re of the Grand Junc tion.. Railway Company, ethic will have ' the !Sect got - into the' litter, 'nn firms ir• tatekiicoinit the`depre• the onecompaay; and the enhanced.value of the shares of the .other. , it 111 ei mear. 1111 -be vantageous to • heater that to powerfuisi company me a a dire interest, i n the line of railway, y 'which it is br ght Into direct ;ounce twin. by means of the lead' r linen.' railways, with the me tropolitan. and faeturinidistrieta. - \ ifs L, Tfig roest.— " Throe foams dajenrotoplendid weather awe wrou g ht a • oat beneficial alteration in the ap ranee of the o t standing erope, - end en; .bled the h rvestnten•to • . . =with thaneeitseary operating, p ping. no , earriying.N We rejoice. to learn that thikiiiptpr, tit last.thpac i ,wepka hal , ow pranced id rtnibh, nil lie W•iiiitoliclpated. a • though some piteheireye . , king Ivry, bad. „Alt itoing here audition " visibleveotifienroris.— Wow Er:gland, lielatseloasd Illootland,thi alicocuita on thewlxilfsriselafonAkir - merging the former 'obje advantaoona. tak filmed value of the:attares FIMME ... . rh. ceiammyst : ...2141....--mispuic IJroeir ppf in from Anne a iieethiar„ilie ship triton; from &kilo!, Wind tollie 'Ceps rd - Good ,linill'ind the .800th Bcaa. On Saidify 'night 'last being. , a caw leagues to the scrothugd.ra'Lainly lakeal.the wind blew a heasemile from the W 8 W., and continued iie with,locreastog violence for thirty hop*: .. it ihe vessel came wife to anihor In ibri Dar The' blissiewattes, eleven m *nOmberowith alai wi - and Families, though they have snlEtrred Much bona Bea eickre.'are sit well. I Oyster Catcher. sr Sr. ilfsgpie.—A mastibeaoti tol,specimen ("hie rare and curious bird "as shot last week. from off the Marine Terra* Aberyst wyth. It is now in possession Of Mr. Shiw, of Shrewsbury, for the purpose' of being preserved. A,berysticyth.—That autpuScent work, the liar hour, bas steadily extended heat; the benefits likely to mese have become visible, by the tides baYint -paned thewbeated albs entrance into the hat. r more than two Met: The fact was proved late- ly in the case of the Creole, a 'vessel of 350 tons. which got in without diffieuhy, which never occur. red to ber beforcwithriut bring damaged. . For sev eral seaming she could notenter the harbour at ill, being unladen in the offing. i The _brig Fisher. with timber from Quebec., enterfikthe harbor &short time since witb-all bor eats set; illso the Argus, a large t;isitsel of upwards of 300 .t 0 . filtered with perfect calm. None as this never utired 'before, to what are we to 'morale it but to new Pier? - The wall has been carried out 600 reit into the ref, )end al though in an imperfect state, it her been louno to offer an effective Barrie IQ the south-western swell. MINERAL COAL .TA VEGETABLE Fox the purpose of showing that, I am not so speculative as some may imagine, I wilt found my c.slculauuns upon different data. papier end Anderson, who have given ranch at tention to growth of vegetation, assures us of a fact, to the truth of which every one must be sensibly, viz: o That the mutt faille soil would nut cover the earth, when fresh cut. half an inch deep. " Then a bed of solid moss, two and a half feet Mu*, allowing half an inch to be produced annually, would require .110 years. This wouid yield, admitting it to be box- Wood, six Inches of coal which would require .60 years to grow the materials; and if Wi 200 feet would regime 24,000 years,. and 900 feet 108,000 years. I These are pretty close approximations, fur a sub ject of thin kind, to the preceding calculations. But it may be contended, in answer, that vegetation was more luxuriant in those days than in these. 1 will concede this to have been the fact immediately about , the coal•lakes upon the admission„eueugh can ; not be claimed to balance that which I have granted in supposing all - that was produced to have been box wood. it is well known that the vegetation of the coal basins was of a .yery filament character, yield ing but one, and at most, two per cent ; of carbon. Futheraibre, it may be contended by some that the great length of time which I have shown to be nerweetry to grow the materials for the coal beds is no objecuon to the theory in question, Inasmuch as time .cost nothing to a mere theorist; but I aill op pose a difficulty which cannot be removed by a bail. * A majority—l might add, the most consistent —of geologists bet the vegetable matter to have grown where thei coal is now found ; but no one contends that enorigh has been produced in one year to produce a coal bed. Then it follows that, • great number otrairs, as I have shown, were requisite. But if time Wiwthen hawked by'seitions,atid of course changes of tempeiature, hew did it happen that the vegetation of mutt summer was not, in a great meas ure, covered—atieast mixed—with the debris of the 'subsequent spring I Coat was formed in basins, the margins of which were sand; and still we can discover none• of it in the coal. If r were to stop here, my. readers would conclude that it is physically =potable for coal to be a vegetable pro duct. - VI. And last, Drifts of logs, trees, plants and brush have been considered, by the fruitful imagine twat of our geologists, to resemble very' closely that which must hive peen, originally, the case with the coal beds Mr Comstock says that— .. Those wtio have seen the pine forests of our wes tern country can, perhaps, have some conception of the vast pde which a single equate mile of these trees would form if thrown together. how, if hun dreds of square miles of such Umber wee...accumula ted, we might suppose there would be a quantity rut tier' to form a single bed of a large coal forma tion. " Mr. Mintier informs Journal, vol. 3,)—that there is a dwii at the wouth of lied River sixty miles lung and fifteen wide .; and that during the fresuet of 1812, 8,000 cubic feet of timber &fold ed oat of the Mississippi e er minute. Capt. Basil Hall states that—..oll . a tongue, of land nearly op posite the month of the Mississippi," there are drifts of Umber many yards in thickness, covering sev- ; eral hundred square leagues of surface. " A few facts relative to coat basins and forests, with • few says of common aeon, will expose the, ab surdity of such dresmings about- probabilities and poestbilitbis of beds of coal hiving been produced in Ibis manner. A coal basin contains from one to sixty beds of coal ; each one reposes on a bed of shale, (counisin ly nailed slate,) and is. eowired by 'one; and this, again, by one of sanii-stone. If the basin, then, con tain sixty beds of coal, the causer taat produced the shale, coal and sand-stone must have regularly re curred sixty times. Apinl- from the b.on informa tion now had on the subjeit, coal beds maintain • uniform thickness throughout the basin oreclose and compact, and ddstituni of any foreign matter, u clay, 'skid; and gravel. - They may be, and indeed generally km divided into strata by layers of shale, ironoreriwpilme-stone,'whdeb are parallel to each other uul tothekurface of the coil bed. - As regards forests, no one will aihiend that the earth's surface; at thistime, an exhibit woe of pine, or"any other timber: which; if felled; meniar cover its compactly, Uwe than three Inches deep. Aboin. Orthil may beregauled as carbon. 11 this. The' yonintrrial twain et Penn 41winta Contains 2rout 500 square . - f indica ; And several of its awl bed are 28'feet . ,cif, with a purity of '9B per cent of flthir:, 'One ;hew +bold feriae 208 feet of solidlneit jituber to -nuke it, winelanusefurve beenirfidm472,ooo square saes fist iiissfacii;andilion Eriuiiitiea so cieselj togietb er that not - A puucle of foreign flatter could, be FtwdektAir 43 -Ins Orh 4- o, l 44o l .oeirts,L i r 4 0444, APPA sla9***li*Ajui4Plar 1 . 4 ii_WesfPlA gl uniform Admit mrbek htve'biosiipnioducecifrom adluo ~F~: . - ,,, - - I" , s 1-, ;1"Ati , Nr - r.'3 , "'v'?r , " ,, I", , ,:er.- -:'" ' - , — .4.'.. - 4' "'":":: - - rit: - ..'144 , ;_ , ' I* . =` , " l.l , ..tktralf-wftix.i.l'i-,.--- ' '. 'A,.t. , ': •';,-.- -- , I. :1. , -.1-s. 1 .114 9 .= 'ol*, .A- ,- ••• ".„!,-. e . ...-: '.; . 3- .... . .. . / 1 4ir'a -e z-.liji; i-- ,, l•4ftu - t: - 1 4'...,.;; , , - tiii: l ,-7-4-7.f 7 4-isii ik' 4 " , i , i::4". E. Fricisior gi . , 4 1 . --- - . : 1-- -.,., ;. Le 1,''''''..1,.„..• From the DiewrYor,ker. Scientific Essay..--1. Br PILOT. W. 1711.0 PO-WILL, A. 0 PRO I% [Concluded. OEM EMI 6 limbs*, sad then eipliirriS'silio csio s -thir manner by Which the eve/begs beelinti'dirided hither.e strata of rhale, or irwri, Or lime*; or all dime, furring plane surface and uniform . thickness; and how it happened thatao foreign matter was drifted. the timbers. Drills of trope et ibis day arefassesia tad with' mod. sand and gritrei, inter:paled. Every • thing 'canneettd with coal and its shales, indicates a 'quiescent condition of the.water in the basin,, which ., excludes the idea of drift'; hat leaving this out of the question, how was the timber brought to the la sit i N o thing lees thane current could do it; out t . the same rrent that brought it in would trinsport It out— e cept inch as 'might lodge, which would possess re arkable w irrequalities.- But the coil br;tle were farmed, and so were their shales and sand stones, before any strong currents entered their ba sin, as is evident from their unbroken character—ex cept it points were rivers subseqnently broke through them. Admit the necessary drifts to have taken place: bow were they covered, first with shale, and this a gain with fiend stone ? De LS Biche (p. 434) tells us that upon this segetabliMass sauda,.silt Of mod were accumulated ; ' and 4erives Ira to infer, from his next paragraph, that they were transported from some adjacent region. What was the nature of this transporting agent? At one time it brought mud, and at another sand ; or they were both bfought at the sane time ; and if so, how were they separated so as to place the mud underneath the heavier par tides of sand ? That is, bow did it happen that the finest, lightest and most impalpable particles were deposited first? This is not ,the law of drifts, inun dations and transporting basins of _Water: But ad mit that no difficulty exists in explaining these unu sual phenomena • what produced the regular recur rence of the coal beds, with their shales and sand stones? Will it be contended that the requisite e drifkior a coa l bed was produced every year 1 Can Piedicate the most exact regularity, order d ar rangement, to obtain sixty times in succession, upon accidental or unusual inundations? Suppose ,the requisite drift to obtain for one - coal bed : %%hence could another be' had, to form a:second coal bed, in leas than a liundredijearal Finally, will any one contend after: reading the expositions f have made, that coal is a vegetable product ? Yes ; those mho stand committed before the public. Grant that coil is a vegetable product: and what is gained to the-science of geology ? Does the ad mission enable us to account for the beautiful har mony that exist/ll—for the abides and sand-stenea —iron-ore and lime-stone 1 Does it give ua an in sight into the reason why anthracite and bituminous coals are never found in tbe'geological place of %fit other?—and why-lignite is never found in the place of either of theml—Or why bitumen is found with out coal, and vice versa ?-,-Or whir some shales con tain the impressions of plant* and others neither 1— Or why it is that lakes of -bitumen now exists in which nothing is- discoverable that indicates a vege table origin, or that super-incumbent pressure ever obtained 1— Or why it to that a coal bed, in a state of formation, is not known to ex l itn at this time 1 I have now examined, withvatire impartiality, all the important evidence that kenevilly brought for ward-in defence of the theory 'which attributes min- era! coal to • vegetable Origin and find, to my sat isfaction, that it is not austuined. On the contrary, I am brought to the canclusiott;,that mineral coal is any thing the than a vegetable product. AS r have no opinions to cseriah at the price of truth, • I will feel much obliged to any gentleman who will expose fallacy, of any one argument I. have used. My next essay will present a system deducted from facts—not a theory —that wilt explain all rho phe nomena of a coal formation ;—a positive ik lEN CE on the subject, and one that is equally applicable to all other regularly . formed portions of the earth's crust ;—one that exposes the causes of crystalline, drifted, and bedimentary rocks, and their mudus erandi. St:RAPS 'FROM LONG ILAAI.) The presentis a matter-of-fact age, when fancy is strangled in her cradle, and nothing but rugged real ity permitted to come to maturity. 'The bright, but useless flowers, which gem with their beauty only, the path of existence, are trampltA in the dust, whilst thl• blossoms which bring forth useful fruit alone are ChM jibed: Perhaps it is for the best, but still there is h lingering charm about the dreamy tales of the ol den time, wh...n every dark wood bad ita n . ) mph, eve fountain its sprite, and every wild flower 01 the field its guardian fay, who sipped the dew from its leaves, and sang as it rocked in the evening bre, ze. Tales of thisTfund are gradually yielding to others of a more practical nature; the budding hours ut the child are no tungerrsolaced with the idea of othe rail and beautiful beings hovering around his couch, or flitting from feat to leaf, and from flower to flower, is he rambles in At.e green fields. His young at tention is turned to thole things which may be of service to him in after-life; the gilding is stripped fief his infancy, and he becomes a man before lt / is (inc.& It was a beautiful _fancy that .first :peopled the world with . ethereal beings, and placed then homes amid the blossoms of the woods and fields. Often in my ramble: hi when pausing to phack.a,flower, btu the idea crossed me, tbatd, aught be destroying the shade . of some sprite, who, though invisible to me, ras even then imploring my_nterty„ And, sparing the flower, I have walked on with a feehng of plea- SUM as I heard in fancy her tiny voice warbling out . a song of thanks, But now the race of sputa with ban and apell l is fast disappearing : the present ge neration_ iv Psi knowing to he pilled by tales of stitches and fairies Stalking about in the moonlight, under the force of cats and rabbits ; and such is the Orpcocitr-of the Prottent‘Pfle. that a veritable ghost story, or a welt anthentiaucd tale of a haunted house, P received with the most decided parks of disbe. lief. • It is. thfrefara„,wit4 s l feeling of deprecation EYmy, owls d •credence, that I venture to 0 14! the 4 1 Pmnikktiteta of Cote, which Was nitrated to• me one warm .stiouner. afternoon, es I lay i tn-a histiriam grove of locusta..overlobk hig•tha. Long ilshintleflinnid •ItAkenolit devaiily credited' in their neigitborhoodi. localities are familiar to all 4, and • Kront, thia , titdestregro in • the plum, sweats to its 'nab,: WhaLfunber proof can •be required 1 ! • ..K;%: RA LPIt cttAirr 1L lf WEND OF GLEN ilintleta#sgoVer es thianototiotui - place on•undeethe unintrking appellation iitillaiguito clove, art - i ,idlert‘equally nototigtweiiiti the town"; flOnitiheirdifien a.talet th. neroe o Ralph 41. OM =MENNE IMMEEREMS ,~.. _ • =IC I=l Ohitt froto•Whois, it is 'maned' _ - descended 10 Came. Everii4lsipii iiis i tio,. _natured align! bond, who bangs about - ,tits' . p —t ii.v.aar heavep k opwaltnirs****olo4,ll4 - : il iti, 444a.g. rroni lhe *.litividie - P , kii I Wi-, t. ..-to Mb g e n t korMi ?A ll :*.i`.sob lig i n e • r, 4 ,6 * . 9t. `hol for several .ticcess 4 l):Pnerett': '-' a;. 4 . bailliin*Alatis t l rft .. faaalit the +it of ''''''"_ ' ''.. ' ' .. 4 - 14 4..- - **, • sm..ntleil In s theit:niie, Piertiml n .tilteratedt feti 3 O - tither to anti 'until - the etfoteniia ' atfeaftth4RY 4 ' ral B ener ati,a h l . - / . t iterellii i ' . '.''' . 1 : g1in r 4 4 344 was a atePaigoitOftlia Para#: 4-Yia 4l l P..kr i ftta the influeneeviii! , tarteigantv( licrimlllifelthit% roundly, keepingltink,itrinentill übjectionival , 4 l 4.t. romradel liV - bailili t e rror, ' '" i" 11-414 ‘PPI , " I A tharu g h ikekritdvidi Azinc. I liiti Attiamittlitila.'i notoriety.' It 4- airilk generally .-ha „found . 1111 L141104 a , with her natal kind eiscrimitiati , , has tak.4.4isitts4 eular cite in' thew- solnedinig 1 n the lot of : opry man to milurlithrneetomfortai and rg, wareant,,, me. that a free, jolly-hearted fellow never lived•but, , ~.. was bullied, if not'etidgeila by* helpmate. -Be that as it may, Ralph faun& : e rUne in hist i Car ; he was =monarch of all he rw7ed so hug, alibis face was M turned sway Ginn is it dwell:lain- i ofhut the moment he crossed its reshOld his soul sunk within Ihim; his jests Were bnitbed, his - swagger, laid aside, hilt voice dwindled to something betweett a whine and a whisper; , his step became,quiet and stealthy like that of a cat, and he always listened , to her lectures sea dutiful and henpecked husband' • should—in silence; and so great was his tenderness t for her feelings, that be had never been known to utter e• word against her, except ;hen she.was out of heanng. Ralph was not holvever, singular in his feeling of awe; everrhing under her sway par-. took of the general influente. EV I CS the dung=hill • cock, who at a distance wattled and -ruffled among! • the poultry with a very petronizing sir, seemed to feel a weight upon bill spirits when under , her eye: . his strut was quickened toe sideling run, his tail was ducked down to dodge a blow, and his eocifiribus crow was frequently cut short in the middle. It is but justice to Mrs. qraft,however, to remark that if good advice could have l effes:ted a change in her husband, he would have been e'paregon of eked. lence ; for he never entered 'his duelling withatit' having 'his worthlessness held up to his own idiaap-, probation, and be never went to hit bed withdut be* ing shown the - oily' of his Ways, and being fully convinced that e was' 0 disgraee to his wife arid hey , connexions. o all this Ralph had hut a sings ie- 1 ply .that his father was a vagabond before him. anA,„Mat what was bred in the bone noel came out' at the flesh ' Like many persons of his discriptidn, he was something of a sportsman, and jfrequently whiled a. ' way the long sunshiny days of summer in kiting a bout the neighboring woods with his gun and dog, until every part of them was as &Thither, aye, More so, than his , own drilling. - It happened one day, that Ralph had been loiter ing about the village, with a vagabond crony dill", spine calibre with 'himself, and, in the excess of his I clings of goal fellowship, had indulged in potations of unusual -profundity. (In returning home, urged • on by the unwonted stinulus, he mustered courage to venture upon an expostulation with his Inlpmate. -The result was inevitable ;he was thrust neck and ' heels from the house, and oldigetl to sue for terms. Fortunately for his cause the domestic I..riler was empty, and his wife made it a con tlikap of the treaty, that he should forthwith sally Dual/the dog and gun, and replenish it with genie. It was also hint ed th it in case ho returned empty banded, he would ' find the doors closed against him. Ralph, glad to , make his peace 00 any terms that were nut enforced by a broconstnit, set about his task with alacrity.— He replenished his horn, adapted a new flint to his ghn. and whistling his (log •Grtm' to his side, direct ing his stole towards Dominus Lane. It,_was still earty in the day, and being a tolerable shot, he had no fears fur the result of his errand, undone, right happy at being obliged to undergo a penance so much an consonance with his owninclinatuni. On enter ing Dursonis Lane. he whistled Grim into the bushes at the road-side, whilst he sauntered slung, keeping . - a waichful eye on the brushwood, and occasionally glancing upward, in hopes of catching sight of a pi- • geon aniongs the thick foliage overhead. His search was fruitless; he reached the end of the sombre lane , without having started any tiling ex-tept -a black snake, which glided swiftly across his path and dis appeared in the opposite brbshwood. s •Ouniforiable this" muttered 'he, as he onc e more whistled for Grim, and leaning on the end aka; gun • ran his eye oar r the landscape. At the foot of the lull ; on which he stood, lay a small lake, and on the op posite side rose the wood clan peninsula, now known as Livil g toils Island. It was a beautiful and cloud. .- less afters on; the lake lay •in massy smoothrie4 Tethering in its tranquil bosom the pincN that . darkened the Wand. Nut a tipple broke its calmness, save when now and then some fish dashed in pursuit , of an insect, or itself the aim of some more voracious of its' tube. in the hope of escape, darted forth like a spark of silver and fell glittering back in Mei pare aliment Nature, too, was 'in lie rainbow gar i k and wore the thousand tints wallah - i spoke the' 'arming_ year, and which decked the furestil for a season on ly to mark more strongly their desolation. Ralph's mind, however, was engrossed with other of than the scenery: He ran his e‘e narrowly a , long the raargin,of the lake. Nothing was to Se seen . except a solitary kingfisher parched upon a rail over hangiqg the water, and who, In judge ham LlolooNriti air, had been sent oat on the sade errant as hunself. After a long and unsatiseatbry survey, Ralph der. scended the hill, and 'as it 4ras growing late, redoub led his speed and esqruons. In vain, however, he scoured the borders, of the pond, And beat through , all the swamps slid thickets of the neighborhood ; fate seemed against him, and just as the last rays of sun disappeared from the sleeping waters of the Sound, he stood 'Upon its - beach as empty4haudiel se ? ever. Flock of crows, high up in the.air, wererwing ing their fight towards a distant forest. Distant cat tle were slowly Ivnifingthiiir way to the farmlyardf, of their respectiveowners; the pale disk of the atom: was justlfeeping above the eastern boniest, and several hsti were begining to flit about in the twti light. Ralph seated bimiolf disconsolately upon 'a stone, supporting the sides of lie head between hut hands, with his eyes wistfully fixed upon the itiiiria ing Sound as its gentle billows rippled over this peke. bles at" his feet. Grim, too, seemed to sympathile with him; foe 'whenever Ritlph received a 'weigh wel., come at home; Griin wak Buret° paiteite of the same fate. He seemed,aware of, tbit.natirre-4 the errand s on which they had been sent': he had d we kis ea' most, and now stretched .himself panting at MiLfeer of his master: - • 1 ... . - At a short &Stance from the ,spot was a tiro* strip of swamp; generally known as flagitrocli, itt4 the idea eidderily occurred to Ralph, that as it was not yet dart, ha might meet with something IA that quarter. With a great deal of alacrity, and arno- -- thing life hope, he set out; but had riot goner - at fie fore the twilight diniPened. and the thick..;shadow of the woods which bolindild one ode of, the sioulip, made the dbacurity equal 14 thai of nightoJlher4 was no longer any • opi;)iiiid . forcing hi5:1.4104 of the hoshmand th e , itigida gun upon the mound, Ralph *nit himself' , 'de it and began Anpriti• nate upon , mattil a thingiit home. ' futlnti6eim time the - Maim foie oar& in le heavii.litly i ? ii throwfpg the' !Blinder of the gigantiis l , t4 . .,,Qite', w h iten Imlay. far out l in a narrow ,fieldt.prfritortilijm ' trilth" Swamp. I ,7. • Iti ;;.- .14 tr.qc 44ertdi the den'ets had that fife °Nigher ejiefilit `ud j,,,,:0 - 4 - tiipeir an hi d elbow r9111141141a1a in .4feeil;el , Peke" 'au empty ite+faer aglialr_ name: better Al Aut. all. itight' , 'As ha mut.. tereethiK.hostenek Ito a thoughtful whistle. ' 4teli7( el :== g
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