Wm. 0 Maser E. B. HAWLEY & CO. I PUBLISIIERS OF E. B. Hawley, THE MONTROSE DEMOCRAT, AND GENERAL JOB PRINTERS, Montrose, Susquehanna County, Pa Orricz—Wert Sido of Public Avenue Business Cards BURNS d NICIPILB, ..*/1.5 In Drugs, Medians*, Chemicals Dye. , Pn luss,olls, Varnish. Liquors. Spica.Pancy r: cms.Patentltodicince, Psaumayand TolletAr co,o. ;47 — vrescription• carefully compounded.— }lnca diock.Moutrose,Pa. Ream, ••.•b. 21. 1 372 IM:/M3M1 Graduate of the Onleersity of Michigan. Ann Arbor. v...., and also of Jefferson Medical College of !tills -1814. has returned to Friendavilleo, where ha slit attend to all calls to his profession as aSllll. fieraleaCe to Jessie liosforti's house. Office the same as hfrCtOtOrC. Frlendarlile. Pa., April 29th.. IS74.—dm, . EDGAR A. EURR.ELL I=l No. 170 Broadway, Now York City. Attends to all kinds or Attorney Business, and Con ducts enures to all the Courts of both the State and the United Stet es. Fob :1. 1474 -ty. DR. W. 41'.311TL1, Dasrm. Rooms at his dwelling, neattloor norther Dr. Rainey's, on Old Foandr7 rtrect.,where he would be happy to see all those in want of Dental ark. Ile feels confident that he can please all, both Itt coality of work and to price. OtOce boom from 9 A. l. to 4 r.m. blontroao. Feb. 11, It TS—lt VALLEY HOUSE. hear Beam, PA. Situated near the Erie Railway De pot le a large and conanoxlions house, has undergone a thorough repair. Newly furnished rooms and sleep. log aparunente,Splendid tables,andallthangs compere mg a hoot class hotel. HENRY ACKERT, Sept. lath, 1673.-tf. PTODrietOr. B. T. & CASE, HARNESS-MARERS. Oak Harness, light and heavy at lowest cash prices. Also, Blankets, Breast Blau kets, Whips. and everything pertaining to this line cheaper than the cheapest. Repairing done prompt ly and In good style. Mout:nee, P.. Oct. 29. 1872. THE PEOPLE'S MARKET. Printie HAIM Proprietor. Fresh and Saited Meats, Hama, Pork, Bologna Sau sage. etc.. of the beet quality, constant!) on hand, at prices to snit. Montrote, Pa,. Jan. 14. 16a3.-.lr BILLINGS STROUD. IRE AND LIFE INSURANCE AGENT. AD 0 eat oess attended to promptly, on fair terms. Office drat door east of the bank of Wm. 11. Cooper S Ca. Public Avenue, Montrose, Pa. [Ang n ly 17.16723 EttLLoros braoun. CHARLEY MORRIS THE HAITI BARBER has moved his shop to the building occupied by k. McKenzie it Co., where he Is prepared to do all kinds of work in hie line.sach as ma king switches, puffs. etc. All work done on short notice and wee. low. Please call and see me. LITTLE'S BLAK ESLEE - ATTORNEYS AT LAW, have removed to their New Office. opposite the Torben Rouse. Montro*c,OeL 15, 18T5. EIMIME DEALER In Books, Ftationery, Wall Paper. Newt pore, Pocket Cotirry. Views, Yankee NotlOne, etc Next door to the Post Omen, Montrose, dept. 30. 144. EXCHANGE HOTEL 1. J. 112.11ELNGTON wishes to inform thepublicthat hating rented the Exchange lintel In Montrose, he in now prepared Co accommodate the travelthgpobEe In first-class style. Montrose. !mg. 23, 15-73. A H BURRTII Dealer in Stara and Pancy Dri Caads, Crockery, Hard lasts. Iron, Stores, Drugs. 01Is, and Paints, Boots and Shoes, Hats and Cape, Fars, Buffalo ilobea, Gro ceries, Provisions, dm. New-Mt/lord, A a, Nor, 6, '79—tf, DR D. A. LATHROP, dinsinisters litcorno Toonstat Barns, a the Foot of Chestnut street Call and consul to a.l Chronic Diseases. Montrose. Jan. 17, 'U.—nal—if. DR S. N. DAYTON, It SURGEON, tenders Ids service• to the citizens of Great Bend and vicinity. Officeatnis residence, opposite Barnum Rouse, 0 t,Bend Sept.lo2.l9.—tf LEirIS KNOLL BRAVING AND HAIR DRESgDIG. shop In the new PasteMee ballase, where ha will be Coned ready to &animist' who may want anything In his line. Montrose Pa. OcL 13 1369. CHARLES STODDARD, /eat erin Boots and Sbo, Hata and Caps, Leather and Findings, 'Main Street, let door below Boyd 's store. Work made to order. and repairing done neatly. 11tot.troae Jun. 1 11170. DR. IV. L. RICILARDSON, PHYSICL&N S 30110E01 4 .1, tenders hle professions vorlicoe Le the citizens of Montrose and e 0 dice et hteresider t•e, on the comer east of Sayre & Bre..Found,. fAh.C.I. 1569. WOULD d DEWITT. Attorneys at Law and Solicitors in Bankruptcy. Office No. 49 Court Strect,orer City National Bank, Bing hamton, N. Y. . W. 11. Scont.t., Jane 199. h, LtITJ. Jrnoas Dzwlrr. ABEL TERRELL Dealer In Drn Medicines, Chemicals. Paints, Oils, Dye-strills, T.... Spices, Fancy Goods, Jewelry, Prr- Brlck Block, Montrosa , Pa. Kstabllshed ISAS. 1573._ LAW OFFICE. ?ITCH rt WATSON, Attorneys at Law, at the old office of Bentley & Fitch. 2dontroee, PITCH. [Jan.ll, '11.4 V. W. ....MX. A. 0. WARREN, TTORNEY A • LAW. Bounty, Bank Pay, Pension and Ezeum .on Claims attended to. Office dr..i loos below Boyd's Store. Idontrose.Ps. [An. 1.'69 W. A. CROSSIION, Attorney at Law. °Mee at the Court Bonne, le the Cotrouterlorter's °Moe. W. A. Caosaaton. Montrose. Sent. . IS7L—tL .7. C. WHEATON. Clr6, ENODIEND ►ND L►ND SrnmOn, P. 0. address. Frauklin Forks, Susquehanna Co.. Pa. GROVES <1 TOCOG .I'I•tHIONABLETAELORS, Montrose, Pa. Shop over Chandler's Store. AD orders flied in glist-rstestylt. •t,ttlngtlone on abort notice. and 'warranted tout. • WY. W. MUTH, CABINET AND CHAIR 3LANDFACTITRE'RB.—Poo , of Main wee. Itonthase, Pa. ,Isug. 1.1669. C. SUTTON, CCTIONEER, and lascasaca sal fiat( ErrleadavUle, Pa: D. W. SIZABLE, & ITORNEY AT LAW. once ores the Store of M. if rime er.ln the Brick Iflock.Montrose Xe• Dna 69 J. B. of A. IL ifeCOLLUM, Iv - rouesre AT Lit Office o'er the Bark, Maitre's Pa. Montrose, May 10, ISM. Of AM! EL Y, Address, Brooklyn, Fs- AUCTIONEER Jdne IPIZCZI JOB PRINTING lEls.eatztocil •T TDIS OFFICE. CREW. wain 17 ap. . 3 ,\1 ONTROSE DEMOCRAT. TWO DOLLARS PER YEAR IN ADVANCE VOLUME 31 -PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE, To the Senate and House of It'epregen• fallen : Since the convening of congress one year ago, the nation has undergone a prostration in business and industries such as has not been witnessed with us for many years. Speculation as to the causes for this prostration might be in dulged in without prolit,hecause as many theories would be advanced as there Would be independent writers who ex pressed-their own views, without borrow ing, upon the subject. Without iudulg ing in theories as to the cause of this prostration, therefore, I will call your at • tention only to the fact and to same plain questions atoowhich it would seem there should be no disagreement: During this prostration two essential elements of pros perity have been most- abundant—tabor and capital. Both have been largely un employed. Where security has bees un doubted capital has been attainable at very moderate rates compared with the amount of necessaries and comforts of life to be purchased with the wages de manded. Two great elemmis of pros perity, therefore, have not been denied us. A third might be added—our soil. unequalled within the limits of any con tiguislis territory under one nation fur its variety of produce to feed and clothe a people and in the amount ot surplus to spare to feed less favored people. Therefore, with these facts in view it seems that wise statesmanship at this ses sion of congress would dictate legislation ignoring the past and directing into pro per marine's these great elements of pros perity to our people.. The dabt abroad is the only element that can, with always a sound currency, enter into our affairs to cause any continued depression in the in dustries and prosperity of our people. A great conflict for uatioaal existence made necessary for temporary purposes the rais ing of large sums of money from what ever source attainable. It made it neces sary in the wisdom of congress—and 1 do not doubt their wisdom in the premises regarding the necessity of the times—tn devise a system of national currency which it proved to be impossible to keel un a par with the recognized currency of the civilized world. This begot a spirit of speculation, extravagance and luxury, not required for the happiness or prosper ity of a people and in volving,both direct ly and indirectly, foreign indebtedness. The currency being of fluctuating value. and therefore, unsafe t hold for legiti mate transactions requiring money, be came a subject of speculation in itself.— These two causes, however, Live involved us in a foreign indebtedness, contracted in good faith by borrower awl lender, which should be paid in coin ; and ac cording to the bond agreed upon when -the- debt was contracted, gold- oe its equivalent. The goad ratth or the gov ernment cannot be violated towards cred itors without national disgrace; but our commerce should be encouraged. Ameri can shipbuilding and carrying capacity increased, foreign markets sought for the products of the soil and of manufactories to the end that we may be able to pay these debts. Where a new market can be created for the sale of our products,either ot the soil, the mine or the mantifttetOry. a new means is discovered of utilizing out idle capital and labor, to the advantage of the whole people. But in my tudgment the first step towards the accomplishment of this object is to secure a currency.good wherever civilization reigns, one which becoming superabundant with one people will find a market with some otner—a currency which has tis its bxsis the labor necessary to produce it, which will give to it value. Gold and silver are now the recognized mediums of exchange the civ ilized world over, and to this we should return with the least possible delay. In view of the pledges of the American congress when our present legal tender system was adopted, there should be no delay, certainly no unnecessary delay. in fixing by legislation a method by which we will return to specie. To the ac complishment of this end I invite your special attention. I believe firmly there can be no prosperous and permanent re vival of business and industries until a policy is ado l iteel, with legislation to car ry it out, looking to a return to specie ba sis. It is easy to conceive that the debtor and speculative classes may think it of value to them to make so called money abundant, until they east throw a portion of their burdens on others. But even these I believe would he disappointed in the result if a course should be pursued which will keep in doubt the value of the legal tender insdium of exchange. A re vival of productive industry is needed by all classes, by none more titan holders of property of whatever sort, with debts to liquidate for realization upon its sale.— But admitting that these two classes of citizens are to be benefitted by expansion wool] it be honest to give it? Would not tae general loss be too great to justy such relief? Would it not be just as honest and prudent to authorize each debtor to issue his own legal tenders to the extent of his liabilities? Then to do 1 this would it not be safer, for fear of ov er issues by unscrnpulout creditors,to say that all debts and obligations are obliter ated in the United States, and now we commence anew, each possessing all he has at the time free from incumbrunce ? Alio* Nionots Gao. P. Luria, E. L. BLaissiza These positions are too absurd to be entertained for a moment by thinking or honest people. Yet every delay in the preparation for the final resumption par takes of this dishonesty and is only les sened by the hope that a convenient time will at last arrive for the good work of redeeming our pledges to commerce. It will never come in my opinion, excetut by positive action by cong,ress or by national disasters, which will destroy for a time,at least, the credit of the individual and the state at large. A sound currency might be reached by total bankruptcy and dis credit of the integrity of the nation, and of individuals. I believe it is the duty of congress at this session to devise such legislation as will renew confluence, revive industries, start ns on a career of propriety, to last for many years and.save the credit of the nation and of the people % Steps towards the return to a speciebasts are great re 1=2:21 MONTROSE, PA., WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 16, 1874 qmsites and devoutly to be sought for as an end. There awe others which I may touch upon hereafter. A nation dealing in a currency below that of specie in value labors under two great disadvantages: Irast,having no use for the world acknowledged mediums of exchange, gold and siiver,which are driv• en out of the country because there is no demand for their use; second, the medi um of exchange in use being of fluctuat ing value for after all it is only worth jest what it will purchase of gold and sil ver metak, having an intrinsic value just to proportion to the honest labor it takes to produce tl•em. A larger margin must be allowed ft.r profit by the manufacturer and producer. It is months from the date of production to the date of realization. Interest upon capital must be charged and risk of fluctuation in the value of that. which is to be received in payment added, hence high prices, acting as a pro tection to the foreign producer who re ceives nothing in exchange for the pro ducts of his skill and labor except a cur rency good at a stable value the world over. It seems to me that nothing is clearer than that the greater part of tile burden of existing prostration for the want of a sound financial system falls on the work ing man, who must after all produce the wealth, and the salaried man, who super• intends and conducts business. The bur den falls upon them in two ways by the deprivation of employment and by the decreased pnrclusing power of their sal aries. It is the duty of congress to devise the method of correcting the evils which are acknowledged to exist and not mine, but I will venture to suggest two or three things which seem to me as absolutely necessary to a return to specie payment, the first grand requisite in a return to prosperity. The legal tender clause to the law au thorizing the issue of currency by the national government should be repealed to take effect us to all contracts entered into alter a day fixed in the repealing net not to apply however to the payment of salaries by the government or for other expenditures now provided for by law to be paid in currency in the interval pend ing between repeal and final resumption. Provision should be made by which the see. etary oz the treasury may obtain gold as it may become necessary from time to time, front the date when specie resump tion commences. To this might and should be added 3 revenue sufficiently in excess of expenses to inure an accumu lation cf gold, in the treasury to sustain redemption. I commend the subject to your careful consideration, believing that a favorable solution is attainable and that if reached by this congress that the present and fu ture generatiolics will ever gratefully re• member It as their tiettsrerer xrum a Of t.i dom o evil and disgrace. With resump tion. fre? banking may be authorized with safety, giving the full protection to bill holders, which they have untie r existing laws. Indeed, I w ould regard free bank• ing as essential. It would give proper elasticity to the currcncy,as more currency should he required for the transaction of legitimate business. New banks would he started and in turn banks would wind up their business when it was found that their was a superabundance of currency. The experience and judgment of the people can best &cal° just how much currency is required for the transaction of the business of the country. It is un• safe to leave the settlement of this ques tion to congress, the secretary of the treasury or the executive. Congress should make the regulations under which banks may exist, but should not make basking a monopoly by limiting the amount of redeemable paper currency that shall`be authorized. Such impor tance do I attach to Ibis subject, and so earnestly do I commend it to your atten tion that I give it prominence by intro ducing it at the beginning of this mes sage. - During the past year nothing has oc cured to disturb the general friendship and cordial relations of the United States with other powers. The correspondence submitted herewith between the govern. ment and its diplomatic representatives, as also with the representatives of other countries, shows a satisfactory condition of ail questions between the United States and the most of these countries. and with few exceptions to which refer ence is hereafter made, the absence of any paints of difference to be adjusted The notice directed by the resolution of con gress of June 17, 1871, to be given to terminate the convention of July 17th, 1858, between the United States and Belgium has beea given, and the treaty will accordingly terminate on the Ist day of July, 1875. This convention secured to certain Belgium vessels entering the ports of the United States, exceptional privileges, which are not accorded to our own vessels. Other features of thacon• vention have the satisfactory,and have tended to the cultivation of mutual ben efit, commercial Intercourse and friendly relations between the two countries. I hope that negotiations which have been invited will result in the celebration of another treaty which may tend to the in terests of both countries. Onr relations with China continue to be friendly. During the past year the fear of hostilities between China and Japan growing out of the landing or an armed force upon the island of Formosa by the latter had occasioned uneasiness. It is earnestly hoped, however, that the difficulties arising from this cause will be adjusted, and that the advance of civila ization in these empires may not be re tarded by a state of war. in consequence of the part taken by certain citizens of the United States in this expedition, our representatives in those countries I have been instructed to impress upon the goy ernment of China and Japan the firm intention of this country to maintaib strict neutrality in the events pt hostil ities, and to carefully prevent any infrac tion of law on the part of our country in connection with this subject. I call the att,ntion of congress to a generally conceded fact, that the great proportion of the Chinese immigrants who have come to our shores do not come volunta rilly to make their homes with ua and Devoted to the Interests of our Town and County. their labor productive of general pros perity tut come under contract with head men who own them almost abso lutely. In a worse form does this apply to Chinese women ; hardly a percentage perform any honorable labor; but they are brought for shameful purposes to the disgrace of the communities where they lirr settled, and to the great demoralize• tion of the youth of those localities. If this evil practice can be legislated against it will be my pleasure,as well as my duty, to force any regulation to secure so desir able an end. It is hoped that negotiations between the government of Japan and the tmaty powers looking to the further opening of the empire, and to the removal of varions restrictions upon trade and travel Miy soon produce the result desired, which cannot fail to ensure to the benefit of all the parties. Having on previous occa sions submitted to the consideration of congress the propriety of the release of the Japanese government from the future payment of the indemnity under the convention of October 20, 1864, and as no action has been taken thereon, it be came my duty to regard the obligations of the convention as in force, and as the other powers interested had received their proportion of the indemnity in full the minister of the United States in Japan has, in behalf of this government, receiv ed the remainder of the amount due to the United States under the convention of Simonoscki. I submit the propriety of applying the income of a part, if not of the whole of this fund to the education in the Japan ese language of a number of young men to be under obligations' to serve the govern ment for a specified time as interpreters at the legation and the consulates in Japan. A limited number of Japanese youths might at the same time be educa ted in our own vernacular and mutual benefits would result to both governments. The importance of having our own citi zees competent' and familiar with the l angua n.- of Japan and act as interpre t-re and in other capacities connect with the legislation and the consulates in that country cannot readily be ovkrestimated. The amount awarded to the govern• mint of Great Britain by the mixed cum missiou organized under the provisi tus of the treaty of Washington in settlement of claims of British subjects arising from acts committed between April 13, 1861 and April 9, 1863, became payable under the terms of the treaty within the past year and was paid upon the 21st day of September 18741. In this connection I renew my recommendation made at the opening of the last session of congress, that a special coon be created to hear and determine all claims of aliens against the United States, arising from acts com mitted against their persons or property during the insurrection. It appears ..o i onome 111:41. an UN,. tj < 'WU IQ UV offered to citizens of other states to pre sent their claims, as welt as those of the British subjects whose claims were not admissible under the late commission, to th, , final decision of some competent tribunal. To reach this end I recom mend tne necessary legis'ation to organ ize a court to dispose of all claims of aliens of the rn,fture referred to in an equitable and satisfactory manner and to relieve congres.e. and the departments from the coifsideration of these questions. The legislation necessary to extend to the colony, of New Foundland, certain articles of the treaty of Xashington of the Bth day of May 1874, having been had, protocol to that effect was signed in behalf of the United States and u - 1 Great Britain on the 28th day of May last, and .as duly proclaimed on the day follow ing. A copy of the proclamation sub mitted herewith. A copy of the report of the commissioner appointed under the act or March 19, 1872, for surveying and making the boundry between the United States and the British possessions from the Lake of the Woods to the summit of the Rocky Mountains has been run and marked on the face of the earth. It is believed that the amount remaining un expended of the appropriation made at last session. of congress will be sufficient to complete the office work. I recom mend that the authority of congress be given to the unexpended balance of the appropriation in the completion of the work of the commission in making and preparing the necessary maps. The court known as the court of com missioners of Alabama claims created by an act of congress of the last session has organized and commenced its work and it is to be hoped that the claims admissa hie under the provisions of the act may be speedily ascertained and paid. It has been deemed advisable to exer cise the discretion conferred upon the executive at the last session by accepting the conditions required by the govern. ment of Turkey for the privilege of al lowing citizens of the United States to hold real estate in the former country, and by assenting to a certain charge of jurisdiction of the cotiit in question. A copy of the proclamation on these sub jects is herewith communicated. There has been no material change in our relations with the independent states of this hemisphere which were formerly under the dominion of Spain. Maraud ing en the frontier between Mexico and Texas frequently takes place, despite the vigilance of the civil and military author ites in that quarter. The difficulty of checking such trespasses along the course of .a ricer of such length as the Rio Grande, and so often fordable, is obvious. It is hoped that the efforts of the govern ment will be seconded by those of Mexi co to the effectual suppression of the acts of wrong. From a report nron the condition of business before the American and Mexi can joint claims commission, made by the agent on the part of the United States aul dated October 28 1874, it appears that of the one thousand and seventeen claims tiled on the part of the citizens of the United States 483 had been finally decided and seventy five were in the hands of the umpire leaving 462 to be disposed of ; and of the 998 claims filed against the United States 726 have been finally decided,one was before the•umpire and 271 remained to ba disposed of.— Since the date of such report other claims have been disposed of reducing somewhat the number still pending and others have been passed upon by the arbitrators. It has become apparent iu view of these figures and of the fact that the work de volving upon the umpire is particularly laborious that the commission would be unable to dispose of the entire number of claims pending prior to the Ist of Feb ruary, 1875, the date fixed for its expira tion. Negotiations ,are pending looking to the securing of the results of the de cisions which have been reached and to a further extention of the commission fur a limited time which it is confidently hoped will suffice to bring, all the busi ness now before it to a final close. The strife in the Argentine republic is to be deplorel both on account of the parties thereto and from the probable ef feettr on the interests of those engaged in the Uniteu States are among the princi pal. As yet so far as lam aware there has been no vio:ation of our neutrality rights which as well as our duties in that respect, it shall be my endeavor to main tain and observe. It is with regret I announce that n o further payment has been received from the government of Venezuela on account of the awards in favor of the citizens of the United States and hopes have been entertained that if that republic could escape both foreign and civil war for a few years. its great natural resources would enable it to honor its obligation. Though it is now understood to be at peace with other countries, a serious in surrection is reported to be in progress in an important region of that republic and this may be taken advantage of an other reason to delay the payment of the losses of our citizens. The deplorable strife in Cuba contin ues without wry marked change in the relative advantages of contending forces. The insurrection continues but Spain has gained no superiority. Six years of strife given the it surrection a significance which cannot be denied ; its duration and the tenacity of its advantage togeth er with the absence or a manifested pow er of suppression on the piirt of Spain cannot be contradicted and may make some positive steps on the part of other powers a matter of self necessity. I had confidently hoped at this time to be able to announce the arrangment of some of the important questions be twt en this government and that of Spain but the negotiations have been prof.. cted and the unhappy intestine dissensions of Spain command our profound sympathy arid must he accepted, as perhaps a cause of sonic thirty. An early settlement in part at least of the questions between the governments is hoped. In the meantime, awaiting the results 01 immediately pend ing negotiations I defer a future and fur. ther communication on the subject of the relations of this country and Spain. I have again to call the attention of tr•ts Al CO. "/ of the existing laws with reference to ex patriatiou and the election of nationality. Formerly amid conflicting opinions and decisions it was difficult to exactly deter mine luov for the doctrine of perpetual allegiance applicable to the citizens of the United States. Congress, by the act of the 27th of July, 1868, asserted the abstract right of expiration as a funda mental principal of this government not withstanding which assertion and the necessity of formal application of the principle, no legislation has been had de fining what acts or formalities shah work expatriation or when a citizen shall be deemed to have renounced or to have lost his citizenship. The importance of such definition is obvious. The representa tives of the United States in foreign countries are continually called upon to lend their aid and the protection of the United States to persons concerning the good laith or the reality of whose citizen ship there is at Iraq a quesrion. In some cases the provisions of the treaties fur nish some guide ; in others it seems as left to the persons claiming the benefit of citizenship while living in a foreign coon try,contributing in no manner to the per. formance of the duties of a citizen of the United States and without intention at airy time to return and undertake those duties, to use the claims of citizenship of the United States simply as a shield from the performance of the obligations of a citizen elsewhere. The status of children born of American parents re sidence in a foreign country.oi American women who have been married to aliens, of Amerienn citizens residing abroad, where such questions is not regulated try treaty, are all qur scions of frequent ..liffi culty and discussion. Legislation on these and similar questions, and particu larly defining when and under what cir cumstances expatriation can be accom plished, it is to be presumed is especially needed in this connection. I earnestly call the attention of con gress to the difficulties arising from fraudulent naturalization. The United States wisely, freely and liberally offers its citizenship to all who may come in good laith to relide within its limits, or their complying with certain prescribed, reasonable and simple formalities and conditions. Among the highest duties of the government is that to afford uni form, efficient and equal protection to all its citizens, whether native born or nat uralized. Care should be taken that a right carrying with it such support from the government should not be fraudu lently obtained, and should be bestowed only upon full proof of a compliance with the law ; and yet frequent instances occur of illegal and fraudulent naturaliz ation and of the unauthorized use of cer tificates thus improperly obtained. In some cases the fraudulent character of the naturalization has appeared upon the face of the certificate itself, in others examination discloses that the holaer has not complied with the law, and in other certificates have been obtained where the persons holding them not only were en titled to he naturalized, bat had not even oven within the United States at the time of the pretended naturalization.— Instances of each of these classes of fraud are discovered at our legations where the certificates of naturalization are presented, either for obtaining pass- ports or in demanding the protection of the legation. When the 'fraud is. spar ent on the f of such certificates they are taken n ' by the representatives of 140 ) , FIFTY CTS. EXTRA IF NOT IN ADVANCE the government and forwarded to the de. partment of state, but even then the rec ord of the court in which the fraudulent naturalization occurred remain; and du plicate certificates are readily obtainable. Upon the presentation of these for the issue of pasports or in demanding pro tectum of the government, the fraud sometimes escapes notice and such eel , titia.ttes are not infrequently used in the transaction of business to the deception and injury of innocent porde; With out placing any additional obstruction on the obtainment of citizenship by the worthy and well intentioned foreigner who comes in good faith to cast his lot with ours, I earnestly recommend fur ther legislation to punish fraudulent nat uralization and to secure the ready can cellation of the record of every natural ization made in fraud. Since my last annual message the ex change has been made of the ratification of treaties of extradition with Belgium, Ecuador,Pern and San Salvidor ; also of a treaty of commerce and navigation with Peru, and one of commerce with Salvador. all of which have beer. duly proclaimed, as also a declaration with Russia, with reference to trade marks. The report of the secretary of the treasury, which is made directly to con gress and forms oo part of this message, will show the receipts and expenditures of the government for the last fiscal year the amount received from each source of revenue and the amount paid out for each of the departments of the government-- le will be observed from this report that the amount of receipts over expenditures nas neen but 82,344,882 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1875, and that for the current fiscal year he estimates that the receipts over the expenditures will not much exceed $9,000,000. In view of the large national debt existing, and the obli gation to add one per cent. per annum to the sinking fund, a sum amounting to now over 630,000,000 per annum, I submit whether revenues should not be increased or expenditures diminished to reach this amount of surplus. Not to provide for the sinking fund is a partial failure to comply with the contracts and obligations of the government. At the lust session of congress a very consdera ble reduction was made in rates of taxa tion and in the number of articles sub jected to taxation. The qnestion may well be aski•d whether or not iu some in stances this was unwire. In connection with this subject I am of the opinion that the means of collecting the revenue, es pecially from imports, have been so em oarrassed by kgislation as to make it questionable whether or not large amounts are not lost by failures to collect, to the direct loss of the treasury and to the pre judice of the interests, of honest import ers and tax payers. The secretary of the treasury in his report favors legislation oo cooly vottatoo to aptvio pay !milts, thus supporting views previously expressed in this message. He also rec ommends economy in appropriations,calls attention to the loss of revenue from re pealing the tax ou tea and coffee without benefit to the consumer, recommends an increase of ten cents a gallon on whisky, and further,that no modification be made iu the banking and currency bill -passed at the last session of congress unless modification should become necessary by reason of the adoption of measures for returning to specie payments. Iu these recommendations I cordially join. I would suggest to congresss the pro. priety of readjusting the tariff so as to increase the revenue and at the same time to decrease the number of articles upon which duties are levied, because ar ticles whic:i, in our manufactures,are not produced at home, it seems to me should be treated free. Those urticles of menu facture which we produce a constituent part of, but do not produce the whole, that part which we do not produce should enter free also. I will instance fine wool, dyes, etc. These articles must be import ed to form a part of the manufacture of the higher grades of woolen goods, chem icals used as dyes, compounded in medi cines, and used in various ways in manu factures come under this class. The in troduction, free of duty, of such wools as we do not produce should stimulate the manufacture of goods requiring the use we do prudnce, and tl.erefore would be a oenefit to home production. There are many articles entering into home mann factures which we do not produce our selves, the tariff upon which increases the cost of producing the manufactured arti cle. All corrections in this regard are in the direction of bringing labor and capi tal in harmony with each other, and of supplying one of the elements of pros• verity so much needed, • The report of the secretary of war here with attached and forming a part of the message, gives all the information con• cerning the operatiotutwants and necessi ties of the army, and contains many sug• gestions and recommendations which I commend to your special attention. There is no class of government employees who are harder worked than the army officers and men. None who perform their tasks more cheerfully and efficiently and under circumstances of greater 'privations and hardships. Legislation is desirable to ren der more efficient this branch of the pub lic service. All the recommendations of the secietary of war I regard as judicious and I especially commend to your atten tion the following: The consolidation of the government arsenals,-the restoration of mileage to officers traveling under or ders, the exemption of money received from the sale of subsistence stores from being covered auto the treasury, the use of appropriations for the purchase of sub sistence stores without waiting for the beginning of the fiscal year for which the appropriation is made for additional ap propriations, for the collection of torpedo material, for increased uppropriations,for the manufacture of arms, for relieving the various states from indebtedness for arms nailed to them during the rebel- lion, for dropping officers from the rolls of the army without trial for the offense of drawing pay more than once for the period, for the discouragement of the plan to pay soldiers by checks, and for, establishment of a professorshiP t riftlief:- uric and English literature at West Point: The reasons for these recommendations are obvious,and are set forth sufficiently in TEE MONTROSE .DEMOCRAT Contains all the LocalandaezeralNeles,Poetry,Sto• ries, Anecdotes, Illeeollaneaus lladleg,Conerooad• toe e, and a reliable this of advertisements. One squue. (X aim loth splee.)s weeks, or less, $1 t month. $1.25•, 5 months, p. 50; 6 mouth.. OM; I year. 66 .66. A liberal discount on advertisement., o f a mates length. Business Locals.lo ets. a line for drat Insertion, and 5 eta. a line each subsequent utsertion... Marriages and deaths,iree ; obituaries, 10 eta. a Ilac NUMBER 50. the report attached. I alie'lecommend that the'status of staff corps of the army be fixed, where this has not already been done, so that promotions may be made and vacancies filled as they occur in each grade, when reduced beldw the number to be fixed by law. The necessity for such legislation is specially felt now in the pay department. The number of officers in that department,is below the number ad equate to the performance of the duties required of them by law. The efficiency of the navy has been largely increased during the last year un der the impulse of the foreign complica tions which threatened us at the com mencement of the last session of congress Most of our efficient wooden ships were put in condition for immediate service, and the repairs - of our iron clad fleet, were pushed with the utmost vigor. The result is that most of these are now in an effective state, and need only to be , manned and put in commission to go at once into service. Some of the new sloops authorized by congress are already in commission and moat of the remain der are launched and only wait the com pletion of their machinery to enable them to take their place us part of our effective force. Two iron torpedo ships have been completed during the last year and four of our large double turreted iron clads are now undergoing repair. When these are finished everything that is useful of our navy, as now authorized, will be in condition for service, and with the ad vance in the science of torpedo warfare the American navy, comparatively small as it Is, will be found at any time suffi ciently powerful for the parpose of a peaceful nation. Much has also been as during the year in aid of science, and to increase the sum of gen eral knowledge, and further the interest • of commerce and civilization. Extensile and much needed soundings have been • made for hydrograpic purposes, and to fix the proper routes of ocean telegraphs. Further surveys of the great isthmus route have been undertaken and com pleted, and two vessels of the navy are now employed in conjunction with those of England. France, Germany and Rus sia in observations connected with the transit of Venus, a matter interesting to rite scientific world. The estimates for this branch of the public, service do not differ materially from those of last year, those for the general support of the ser vice being somewhat less, and those for permanent improvements at the various stations rather larger than the correspon ding estimate madea year ago. Regular maintenance and a steady increase in the efficiency of this most important arm, in proportion to the growth of our maritime intercourse and Interests, is recommend• ed to the attention of congress. ' The use' of the navy in time of peace might be further utilized by a direct authorization of the employment of naval vessels in explorations and surveys of the supposed navigable waters of other nationalities on this continent,specially the tributaries of the two great rivers of South Ameri ca,the Oronoco and the Amazon. Noth ing prevents. under existing lags, such exploration except that expenditures must be made in such expeditions beyond those usually provided for iii the appro. priatioas. The field designated is un questionably one of interest and one of large development of commercial inter ests, advantageous to the peoples reached. and to those who may establish relations with them. Education of the people entitled to exercise the right of franchise is regard ed as essential to general prosperity every where, and especially so in repnblice where both education and previous condi Lion do not enter into account in giving the right of suffrage. Next to the pub. lic sehool,the postolfiee is the great agent of education. Over our vast territory the rapidity with which new sections are be ing settled, thus increasing the carrying of mails in a more rapid ratio than the increase of receipts, is not alarming. The report of the postmaster general, herewith attached, shows that there was an mom axe of revenue in his department in 1873 over the previous year of $1,674- 411, and an increase of cost in carrying the mails and paying employees of $3,. 042,467.91. The report of the postmast. er general gives interesting statistics of his department and comparing them with" the corresponding statistics of 6 year ago shows It growth in every branch of the department. A postal convention has been concluded with New South Wales - an exchange ofpostal cards ' established with Switzerland, and the negotiations pending for several years past with France have terminated in a convention with that country which went into effect last August An international postal congress was convened in Berne, Switzerland, in September last, at which the United' States was 'represented by an officer of the post office department of much exps 7 t rience and qualification for the position. A convention for the establishment of an international postal union was agreed up on and signed' by the delegates of the countries rep:esented, subject to. the ap proval of the priper authorities of those countries. I respectfully direct your at- ' Lennon to the report of the postmaster. ger.eral and to his suggestions in' regard to an equitable adjustment of the ques tion of compensation to railroads for car. rying the mails. Your attention will be drawn to the - unsettled condition of affairs in some of the southern states. On the 14th of Sep. tember last the governor of Louisiana called upon me, as provided by the con stitution and laws of the United States, to aid in suppressing domestic violence in that state. This call was made iu view of a proclamation issued on that day by D. B. Penn, claiming that he was elected lieutenant govenior in 1872, and calling upon the militia of the state to arm and assemble and drive from power' the neut. pens, as he designated the officers.of the state government on the next. day I issu ed my proclamation commanding the in.' surgeota to disperne with five days from the date thereof, and subsequently learn ed that on that day they had taken forci ble possession of the state house. Steps were taken by me to support the existing and recognized state government, but be. fore the expiration of the five days the ins urrectionaq movement was practically P1:11111311XD Emir Vinussum Mciartge. Advertising Hates:
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