MEM
`._, 'l 7 Ot . rritsint, Vttliti4ct.
R e p or t s from the Departments•
RE Poir OF rns..sicarriny or THE NAVY:
The Secretary says that since his last an
-'nual 'report, - Abe naval. forces hare been re
nired in resisting the, unlawful expeditions
Nicaragua, reslstilig the'exercise of
the right of search by Pritiab cruisers in the
neighborhood of _Cublik--and'enforcing de.
glands for redress for insults to our flag, and
for injuries tok our citizens by -the 'Govern-
ment of Paraguay. After - explaining 'this
subject, the Secretary says it became twee
sary to charter A number of vessels. As these
= vessels would be nseful,_ be recommended
their purchase:. The sum requirekl .for six of
these steainers would - be $24 , 1,000, of which
$94,8 . 00 must be paid for the use of them for
a period of six months, and is proportioute
sum for a longer time, if purchase be made.
The-sum required for the three.aide-wheel
steamers would be $386,000, of wilicb,if they
be not purchased, thesum of $69,000 will be
required for the same period.-
The recent addition of a considerable num-
ber of steam vessels to-:the•navy will nec,es
sarily make an-increased demand for the ser•
vices of officers at sea, while. the greater ac
tivity which now prevails in the navy, and is
likely hereafter to prevail, will still further
increase::the - demand: To meet , the imme-•
diate Wants of the service, an addition of
twenty to the present numiter - of surgeons,
and as many additional assistant surgeons.
•
'He' also recommends the. appointment 'of
fifteen or twenty additional - pursers; and an
increase of - the marine corps of privates to two•
thousand, wlrh the usual 'number of officers.
The five ateain sloops-of-war authorized by
the act of 147 will soon be completed: The
seven steam sloops-of-war, under the act of
1858, are in rf state of .great forwardness.
-Five of theni are to be launched during
the present month, and be ready for sea in
May next, and tjte other twe screw steamers
will be launched"earfy in the spring, and be
ready for trial by June. The Sidekbeel steam
er, building in California, will be launched in
the spring, and ready for 'ea in August. •
. All experiences-idencesa necessity for an
inCrease of the navy. Twenty effective ves
'eels of smaller class can be built apd kept at
-sea-for what it would cost to build and keep
at sea four or five vessels of a larger class.
'Let Congress increase the number of heavy
armed vessels of light draughtolirtil we can
frequently display our flag at-every Font
where American interests may need protec
tion.-- The addition of at least ten more ves
sels of that dercription is not only a necessary
measure, but will. be found at I..ast 1., ho am.
cient as any thiitean be de - sired, requiring so
small an expenditure of the pulslic .. money:
Fyr the support of the navy and marine
_corps,_and all other obj-cts under the control
f the Na v al. iieparttn,w, f.r. the fiscal year
endina the XOll of June, 183 S, the estimates
were §l3 903,212; apii,opriat ions,-614,21-0,-
_ 2,1.7; expetnfrures .?.:1:3871).6 . `t.31; there hay
inf.; been some cartailment of the expen-es by
reason of a tailing off to d.e revenue. F. r
the 'fiscal year , eliding: June 30th, 1959,.
. the` estimates were $24 1 ,610,295, .appropriate
tions f. , 14,505.3.54, these ItaVll 7' , been largely
retrenched in consequence of a diminution of
the revenue, and again increased by appro
priating' ii,200,000 fur eight light-draught
war steamers, which wereenot embraced in
the. stirrfte , . Fur the fieal Tear ending
the dOth cif June, 1500, the estimates were
3,500,3'70, including $671.000 - for com
pleting the eight light draught Steamers, Au
thorized st• the last session of Congress, and
not including the usual •c4npensation of
.e.. 935.850 fur steamship avid mail se.vice.
•
REPORT OF TUE ST.CRETART OF INTERIOR
Ile Secretary says that under the carious
acts of' Congress, , of le . 52 and '55,
there have been issued 3111,758 bcunty land.
"warrant- reluit:ing 59.731,89 . 0 acres of the--
public dotnatn to .sathifv them. Of these
410,632 hal been located- to the 30th'Sep
tetnher last nn 44:238.830 acres olland,
leac
ing warrants, calling fur
11,493,360 acres of 1 nd.•
It is confidently -expected that during the
next calendar . year the receipts from the sales
of the public', lands, and th. . 3 .".tities sold
and located will-be greatly increased. It is
estimated that . without some detrimental
changtt in. our-system, the income from this
source will reach at least it 5,000,000.
It is noiv satisfactorily ascertained that
mines of the precious metals are to found in
the Territories of , Washington, Oregon, New
Mexico and Kansas, aiid t the United e time has arived
fur the Government of Mates to
It \
adopt some definite pol"Cy as to ,Its Mineral
lands. ' 1 : • , . -
The r:fc,retriry, therefore submits whether it
'would be a wise and sound policy at, this
time to pass a. general law r(i,ervirtg all au
riferous, silver and cinnabar mines tiorn-salp,
for the Aise and, Occupancy of the people of
-the United Slates, under such regulations, as
Congress may prescribe, leaving those lands
. containing copper, irou, lead and coariub
ject to the Ordinary-laws of settlement and
sale fur their development.' The extent of
- these defies estimate, and gives assurance to
our people, in the future-At unbounded wealth.
Peace and quiet has been restored to Utah,
and some additional legislation will be re
quired to place its inhabitantion an equality
, with.those of . the - other Territories. -In that
Territory there are already --more than taro
million acres retwined as surveyed and ready
for market. Occupants ate upon these ;ands,
and want to obtain titles to their honies. lie
therefore-submita whether it would not be au
set of justice to the
_people,of Utah to estate
fish in that Territory a land office, and at the
same time,. in express i.ertn., to extend the
pre-emption,laws so as to enibiace all the in
habitant residing within its. limits.
The Graduation law will continue to prove a
fruitful source of fraud and annoyance, unless
some change is.njtatle in,its terms. Congress
khould require proof-of Settlement and culti
vation prior to the adtuisiiion.and entry, or
should release the purchaser from the condi
tions now imposed.
The Secretary' recommends a portion . of
"our past 'policy with regard - to the Incliarri.
and says the removal of the tribes should be
avoided.. - Separate lands should be assigned
'to individuals, without the prier to alienate
or' encumber them, and Money annuities
stionid. be expended for the common good,
instead of being divided pe; . cripits.
The whole number of army peniioners .uo•
- der the various acts of Congress is 10,732, re
quiting for their* pqment the 'annual snm of
$002,70 1 ). The whole numb& of navy p(tn
bi,,tter> r.2..:111.1 th e aggragato. atiotin'
•• W E JOlrri
their payment i 8130,504. It appears that du
the total disbur.ement of pensions up to this evi
date ii alibut 6'0,000,000. Jf to this sum
be added the, b.unties in land, (62,739,632
acres,) estimate( at' 61 25 per acre, the total
amount grant•. for pensions and bdunties
will be $168,42 ,262. _
On the subj. 4 of the next census"the Sec
retary recomme ds an adherence to Ike law
of May23.l, 18 0, in the belief that a census
taken in accord ace with its provisions will
afford the gieta .4t amount of accurate infor
mation, and p -0 most satisfactory to the
country.
:The income f the Patent Office for the
three quarters e ding September 30th, 1858,
was *150,984. to expenditures during the
same petiod amounted to $144,433, showing
a surplus of rave ue of-86,550 against an ex
cess of expendit re over the receipts of $2,526
for, the correspolding quarters of 1857. From
the Ist of Janua ry to the 30th of - September,
1858, 4,001 app ications for patents were re
ceived, and 696 caveats filed, against 4,005
applications akd 820 caveats for the corres
ponding quarter, of last, year. During the
same period 2,8116 pittents - vrere issued, 15 ex
tensions granted, and 1,256 applications re.
iicted. The Secretary recommends the es
tablishment of a board of appeal in addition
to the present force of the office.
RETORT of 111E.00MITSSIONER OF THE 0 EICEE
AILL•LAND OFFICE. -
'The' report corers a period of five quarters
ending September 30th, 1658. During that
period there weldsurveyed of the public lands
15,200,376 acres,' which, with former surveys,
makes a quantitj, of 61;951,046 acres of the
public lands surv e yed and ready for the mar
ket ;an the 30;11 of September; 1858. which
had never been offesed at public sale. During
1:1
the same pert i there were sold for cash
4,804,,010 acres ; from which e 2,534,102 was
realized. Local d With 'the military - land
warrants, 6,073;110, and reported under
swamp land , grants, r - ,401,565, making an
aggregate of cash sales, land warrants; loca
tions and swamp , sslections of 1-3,183,504.
The cash realized seems disproportionate to
the quantity of land sold, but this is accounted
for by the very large- sales at reduced prices,
under the graduation law of August 4th, 1854.
Under the act of 1849 and 1850, granting
the swamp and Ore s -flowed lands to the dis
trict in which they are situated, there have
been selected arid .reported to the General
Land nffice 55,129,492 acre:, upon which
warrants having ihe,effeet of patents, have is•
sued for 36,006,88 acres.
, The Commissioner recommends amend
.....ia to ri,.:, prit Dmption laws_ with a view
to uniformity of the system, and to settle dis
puted rights, and 'to determine controversy in
litigated ca-es. - .. •
REPOitT OF THE COMMISF-10,NELl 01 LNPI: s li,?: AF-
The Commission stAtes that the/Whole
nu - Tiber of Indians within our brnitri is,esti
mated at 'about 350,000. Th,e-WhOle number
of tribes and sepaTate bands` is 17 . 3, with 44
of which, we have treetraarransrernents. The
number of ratified7hidian treaties, since the
adoption 'of ..the 2 .bonstitution is 303, nearly
all of whielr v contain provisions still in force.
The quantity of land acquited by these treaties
is about 581,163,1188 acres. The entire cost
of fulfilling these treaties will be $49,816,-
314. Flinn_ a part of these lands the Govern
ment received no pecuniary adyrintages, be
cause they were ceded to the respective statet
uit Lin whose limits they were situated. From
those sirld the Federal Treasury received not
only the whole 'of the eipence incurred fur
their acquisition, survey and sale, but a sur
plus of at. least 14100.000,000.
the amount applicable to the fulfilment of
the treaties,-and other Objects connected with
the Indian Rolicy ' for the present fiscal tear,
cas $1 852,401, of which 'Pim $204,662 was
derb .7 ed from investments of trust funds. The
whole ammt of trust funds held on Indian
Arcount i 5•510.5 0 43.649, of which $3,502,241
has been invested 'in stocks of various States:,
the tetnainder; vii: 447,088,407, is retained
in the Treasury.', and the interest thereon
lidera lly nppropritted by C , opgress.
The Commissirm.s. eL:.h, tc Worthy of con
sideration whether it will not be advisable,
when . Om national' treasury shall be in a cpb
dilion' to admit of it, also to invest the above .
anmunt of .$7.0 . 88.401- in like manner with'
other Indian trust' funds.
•The Cominitaiutier poi/its ont. three fatal
errors which have'roarked our policy towards
.the Indians from the very beginning, viz;
ibt—Their remo6l from place to place, as
our population advance: 21--The
went ottoo much lerritory to be held by them
in common; 3d4—The allowance of -large
sums of money as nullities.
He recommends tbal the tribes should be
permanently located upon reservations em•
bracing not more than is necessary fut. actual
oeccpancy; to dilide the laid among them
in severalty ; to require that they should
lire upon and cult vale the lards thus assign
ed; to give them in lieu of money annuities,
stock animals, agricultural implements, me
chanie'shops; man al labor schools, dm He
recommends the atikation of the treaties
rmade in 1855 Wit) the Indians of Washing,
t ton and Oregon 'erri.tur`ies,• as a means of
preventing the recurrence of hostilities. He
gives a genetsl sta en3entof the condition of
the Indians, and ct,lls attention to the argent
necessity .for the completion and thorough
revision of the laws relating to:lndian affairs.
Governor Denver, though not having time,.
'since the resumptionof his 'duties; to exam
ine closely the facts stated in the report, con
curs zenerally in the recommendations of
Mr. Ming, his temp. rary predecessor.
# ENERAL% REPORT.
'nently set forth that after
mails are to be conveyed
.ans and Washington in
s.
r OSTSI ASTER
The fact is prom
the-first of July tit
14tween New Orl
three and a half da
Regarding the onveyance of the letter
mails overland bet •een the Mississippi and
San Francisco, the Departrpent reports the
triumphant success of the route. The Teliu
autepec route sere ce has - been commenced
under such anSpl as; it is heNeved, prom-
ise complete su •• s, The Utah route has
been-so improved t at trips through, between
St. Joseph and Pine ‘rville,ire performed once
a week, in thirty--'ght days. Routes have
been vitt in opt/ration from Neosbo, Missouri,
to Albuquerque, Ni M., an,d from indepeud
ence, Mo., by Albuquerque to Stockton, both
thonthrt.
The Postmaster (Genera) says that the 'ex
penses of the depar ' 'ent, over and above its
lave r o qt . 1111"rn4•0 a e\•4l.' CI, 0
- • -
• ,
S- TOX6 PART THAT (DOES NOT CAROM THE FLAG AND KEEP STEM TO THE , MILTSIC THk
•
ontrost, -.215001mm Vien!l'a iktrshg Itiorning,-Pectmtrr 23, 185'8.
le reduction of portages: It would, how
rer, be obviously erroneous to suppose that
..ge barges upon the Treasury is to progress
in apatio proportionate to what it has been
for the last few years. Our postal system is
now extended over the country, from one
ocea to the other. There can be but little
further expense resulting from overland con
nect* with California and the other Pacific
States and Tetritories. Except ono 'other
route, commonly called the'Northern route,
from St. Paul. in Minnesota, to Seattle, in
\Vasiington Territory, no other is g liow
thouVt
ht of as being likely to become ices
sary. The estimate for the -transportation of
the . t ails for the next fiscal year, -1859-60,
whet' completed, over and above the antici
pated teyennes,.may therefore be regarded as
be niaximum which will probably be requir
ed frir some time to come.
Tile Postmaster General purposes, in lieu
of the franking privilege now allowed by
law to members of Congress, that the Secre
tarypi' the Senate and the Clerk of the House
of Representatives, or such other as may he
desimated for the purpose, furnish the mem
bersgr'
ith postage stamps to• be• used on all
lette s public documents and packets trans
mitt i d by thorn in the mails, and ' . .:eep an ac
counl
of the stamps furnished to each mew
her, &he paid out of the contingent fund of
the House. It is further r.roposed that all
letters and packets, except - newspapers ado
dresszd to members of Collgress, shall be pre-
paid at the mailing office. In ibis way the
Department would be compensated for the
services rendered, without a resort to the in-
convenience of keeping daily minute ac
coun s of postage chargeable on guch mail
matt .r.
T. avoid dissatisfaction and the practical
co venience of , having different rates of
ostae, regulated by distances, it is respect
lly stibmiteed..hether one uniform rate of
ddents for all distances would not enlarge
e usefulness: of - the Department, and di
inish, if it did not entirely prevent, suuti
avir drafts upon the Treasury, and best
omOte the interest and convenience of the
•ople. _ _
Tile %hole number Of post ofileekon the
id June last was 27,977, of which .400
o r the ohms denominated presidential.;
whole number established during the last fis
cal y6.ar, 2,121 ; number discontinued, 730 , ;
--Ilse, 1,391; number of Postmasters ap
id, 8.284. Of these, 4,595 were to fill
tees occasioned by t:ostinition ; 998 by
, als; 278 by deaths ; 292 by _change
land sites,;/ and :2.121 on establish.
ne v &Inas. W number of
:cetunrei 1,115.70, .18014. On Cue
one last :here were in ope•asion
it routes. 'The number of contrac•
,044. The length of thEs&e routes is
at 260,603 miles ; total arnZnint of
ttion, 75,763,401 Milo-, and cost,
8.
el with - the service reported 30th
Ma/ C
ointe(
Iv
7, there is an addition of 18,002
milel to tie length of routes, and $1,173,373
to 11)4 cost. The total expenditures of the
Depirrnent in the fiscal Year, ending June
30, 183 S; amounted to $12.722,470. The
estimated receipts and expenditures in 1939.:
Expeoditures, $14,766,320; means, $ll l O9l,
393 i deficiency, $3,68:1,127;
OC the subject of ocean and foreign mail
service, the Postmaster General, among other
things, says':
By the time the contract for the Califc.anie
lines,' via Panama and Tehuantepec, expire,
on Grtober 1, 1839, it is probable that the
1 .
rout by Labe Nicaragua will have been re
open d 'and in suceesful operation. This
i presents the question whether one, • two or
-three of these routes shall bereaftcrbe employ
ed for mail purposes.
Tle Teti uan ter cc route is the shortest and
.smostlreadiiy protected against interruptions,
but it will be comparatively too new, and
the line of staging too long, to furnish with
certaHty adequate and satisfactory corn
.'
mumcation between Atlantic and Pacific
posselssions. While it is destined, no doubt,
to b+orne a tramdt of the fir.- ;....yortAnce,
and iwiiiJ- 7 ... Lire nigilest patronage and
encooragertent, stil! it cannot supersede the
necessity of one or more routes though
Central America.
__,lt. I l ia of the highest importance that the
route by Nicaragua should be re-opened, and
its uldisturbed use for the transportation of
the ails, passenzers, troops and munitions
of w a r, secured by the solemn guarantee of a
public treaty. Without this, in view of the
unstable condition of the 'local government
of C 'flint: Ars.critt.i, the safety and security
of trnsport - ation can hardly be relied on.
As c lculated to furnish the requisite facilis
tl
/
esr. f communication betwee.n Europe and
the Southern and Southwestern &Ives, the
proje l cted lines between Norfolk and Ergland,
and kteteeen New . Orleans and Bordeauz, are
among the most important to be estab
lished
.
Ai regards the line from some suitable port
in th‘b United States to Brazil, and th! ‘ s ex 4
teMsiOn of the California line from Panama to
the South Pacific coast, which, for commer
cial, 'as well as mail purposes, it is so desir
able hould be etablisbed, and the line from
NewiOrleans to Vera Cruz, it is apparent
that; the postages to be derised therefrom,
would defray bht a trifling portion of the exs
pew+ of the same. The Postmaster Genera!
regaids it as highly-important that the live to
Vera Cruz should be continued-
IMPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR.
The authorized strength , of the army, as
posted, is 18,165, but the actual 'strength on
Julyllst was 17,495. These troops corn
pose ithe whole numerical force of our army,
distributed through the States and Territo
ries df the entire Confefiericy, manning all
the fhrtificattions occupied by troops, holding
all posts now garrisoned, defending all our
exteeded frontiers, and e rotectio g „ as far as
possi>le,tbe difkrent routes extended across
thegontinent, from the Mississippi Valley. to
'our possessions On the Pacific. ,„--
Tle absolute demands for men in the
variobs posts, stations, &c., as well as for
what' might be teimed the police operations
of til l . army, left only thirteen regiments for
semil service in the field. And upon this
small force, numbering little over 11,000 men
devolved the arduous duty of prosecuting
all ti n e Indian warv,which have extended this
. year !from - the British possessions on the Pa
cific Ito the border settlements of Mexico, sa
well no of crushing the rebellion, in Utah,
which, from its eindictire'spirit and Large
numters ' threatened at the' outset to become,
and irdeed was, very formidable.
ins^.,fp!? I Ilic r!“ suns of
the same size ever before performed in-so
short a space of time, marches and move
ments of such extent, surmounting in their
progress such formidable obstacles. No
disaster . has -befallen the army throughout
the immense ramifications, and the priva
tions, hardships, toils sand dangers to which
it has beel't continually subjecte, - have been
borne without a murmur.
.In speaking of the war with the Indians.
on tie Pacific, the Secretary says that a per•
manent peace has been established by treat
ies entered into with them, and the army has
been already distributed to points where the
presence of a force was greatly needed. In
alluding to the Navajos, he-says they prob
ably number 3,4300 mounted warriors, an ex
tremely formidable force; but there shall be
no relaxation in prosecuting the war until the
savages are brought absolutely under the
yoke. The war in Texas may be looked up.
on as just begun,-and the probabilities are, it
will be one , of fi ercetess, and may be of con
siderable duration.
Much apprehension for the hostile mani
festations of the savages beyond the confines
of lowa and Minnesota has been felt by the
frontier settlements of there State.. The
Secretary regrets to say our force is not suf
ficient to spare troops in such numbers as
will quiet altogether these alarms..
The operations of the army in Utah have
in themselves been important, and fraught
with tnementoua results. The people of
that Territory, however, still evince a Spirit
of insubordination and moody dist citent.
The necessity which called forth the presence
of the troops in Limb will require a strong
force still to be kept there, Much praise is
bestowed .upoii Gen. Johnson and the officers
and troops under his command.
The disbursements , amount to nearly
i 610,000.000 in the Quartermaster's Depart
ment. Every voucher,. bag bcen. filed, with
the exception of $2E0,000. .I,Tothing will be
lost.'
As to the ,artillety ViCt:ool pi prac t ice at
Fort Monroe, se long as an object desired a
mong the military men of the country, this,
the Secretary says has been establiOed,'and
bids fair to realize all the benefits to the ser
vice which its fiends'anticipated.
lie calls attention to the necessity of 'pro
viding for the payment of ciarms brought a
gainst the' Government by different States
andTerritoties for services beretofore.tendered
by volunteer forces in the supptes:-!on of In
dian hostilities,
The Secretary trays be has atternpted,so far
as possible, to meet the just wishes of Con
gress in reducing the expenses. apd,
maws or um net meal year are iessittran the
apunptistions for the last by the sum of
*9.160,488. They are less than the estimates
laid before Congress at the last session by the
sum of 42,736.408. They amMint in e.
‘ th
aggregate t0t18,010,090 ; and he entertains
a strong hope that the .expenditure may be
still further reduced in the course of acoLher
year.
It affords him pleasure to -say, that not
witbstaurling the Indian wars in Washing
ton, New Mexi co and Texas, all of which
were unfurseen and - unexpected, unless there
shall be further 'and larger demalills for
expenditure in suppressing other Indian
hostilities, there will be no necessity for ask
ing appropriations in the shape or a Deficiency
A
A Prairie Fire,
Recent writers - have declared that there
is a great deal. ()fiction in the accounts given
of a berning prairie, and more of imagination
than reality in the pictures which adorn the
school books,representing the flying emigrant
wagons, the'• frantic rush of wild horses,
buffalo, die. The gtatideur and, the peril of
such a entitlagration -are probably exagger
ated in the old accounts, and the author of
the "Leather Stocking Tales" has told us how
to avoid all harm pram Oboe* eenn of the it: 111
which tbe • billowv, prairie-grass is annually
converted by accident or design. We find in
rho Junction City Sentinel, a newspaper
published at .function City, a settlement op
posite Fort Riley, in Kansas, the following
account of a prairie fire in the _rmrnediate
vicinity of that - place :
'Ou Monday afternoon last the prairie tc
the northwest t t f the town was discovered to
be or. fire. The w:nd was blowing quite a
gale at the titne,and the waves of flame came
ateeeping towards us with a mighty - roar, like
unto the breaking of - old ocean. It was
certainly - very grand and beautiful to look at,
while danger was unthreatened ; but, as the
erackfing of the tall'prairie became more dis
tinct,reminding one . of discharges of artillery,
our quiet admiration of the scene changed
to a very lively sense of impending peril.
The .whole affair. was Fo, unlooked for, so
sudden, and caught us so unprepa•ed to re
sist ruccessfully, that our promising fowl
carne near to ashes before an effort was made
to fight back the Nine. It approached to
within five-and ten feet of our printing of- -
flee. destroyed the flay stack of our neighbor
11. 7 hiteey, across the street ;',ran, Jibe a start
led deer, towards the private residences in
:be western part of the place ; swe r ptpatt the
recently erected frame of Capt. Wm. Helms
ley, consuming for him 5000 shingles.
Claim-liousesin the vicinity escape 4 mime
ulously. That one should be left standirig is
astonishing. -
A.litisy scene among The people was then
enacted; men, women and children combin
ed
in a little army-to keep. back the enemy,.
Weapons of. extraordinary avearanee and
singular construction were used in the melee.
Here might be seen an individual with his
&Imlay coat. twisted into a Swab, performing
feats of prowess with his constantly flying
garment.' Again,.o lady, assuming for the
first time the peculiarhabiliment of her lord,
hurling his breeches at the fiery foe with
eminent success ; another, witb'great graces
and efficacy, wielding a plank, dropping it
upon the intruding tnouster f ;putting out
whole-rads of dame at a pop. We content
ed O'irselves with a towel tied to the end of
a walking-stick, and with a motion some
what resembling the thrashing out of grain,
did, we think, our part of an extinguisher.
All worked hard, and eventually succeeded I
in saving the town. To a great many
ens the sight wastiovel, they never having
witnessed a prairie f i re before. in every ore
the scene was stablithely beatitiful and
exciting."
MIE=I2I
Afrir low does ,a pitcher
. pf,water _differ
from a man throwing his wife over a bridge
rine is water in the pitcher, and the other is
li..r •n I+o wmter
A CHESS STORt.
"A mate! a mate!" a maiden cried,
One pleasant summer's day, '
When with her lover by her able,
They joined in rival play—
In rival play at glorions.chess,
The noblest of all games,
Whose ivory images possess
Such very royal names!
" A mate! a mate!" she wildly said,
As with impetuous haste,. •
Her Queen across the board she sped,
And by his Monarch, placed ;
So confident she seemed to be,
lie didinot for a moment see,
His King could take her Queen'.
" A mate! a mate!" again she cried,
" Yes, 'tis a mate I see, • •
Hirt only such, thy darling pride,
As I would , have from thee !"
Ho said, and round her lovely form,
His manly arm he pressed,
Till she unto his passion warm, •
An answering love confessed!
" A mate! a mate !" young Cupid sang;
As through the room he flew,
This may be chess, put yet I guess:
nothing very. new!
The old game—wheer the ut
,tine ;
Is still the same, I see-/ •
Whet' woman sweet and'inan compete,
There's sure a Mate to be!
HOW SMITH ELOPED.
James Sarah was a bad man,atleast every
body said so, and that must be true, though
he was an accommodating neighbor, and
went to meeting on Sunday, and - has been
known to tell his experience, the wickedness
of which drew many a sigh and groan from
the pious old deacons. He used to drop • a
dime into the contribution box;and sometimes
a quarter, but then that wasn't all. He was
said to bb guilty of paying more attention to
a couple of black eyes than to the devout
teaching of the minister, and the sigh which
now and then escaped his breast, was not
exactly of the go-to-meeting character.
Kate Hopkins liad the eyes alluded to, (how
I hate, such eyes,) and had a good bringing
up, but they were a leetle to black and mil).
chievims for ,the welfare of her heart.• She.
toarded at Jame s ' house.• (James, was a
married man.) She, too, went to meeting
regulatly, but was particularly fond of going
evenings. Mrs. Smith staid at home :then
and took charge of three or four little curley
headed children. Mrs. Smith began to think
(though she didn't say anything about it,)
'that Ur husband was getting pious rather
sermons in the evenine• b than in the daytime.
Mrs. Schith was an observing woman, and
had noticed that James, and Kate would
come home slower than the rest of the con
:Veit:4lloh, and some other little things else
did not think best to ruy anything about.
I did not say that Mrs. Smith was a jeal
ous woman, but she certaioly had some very
strange freaks. One Sunday evening, -just
before meeting was out, she thought, "she
would wile away. a . few minutes,, just to kill
time, by sitting under 'a grntre vine by the
gate. It was a warm night—the new moon
too small to stay up late, bad disappeared
entirely. Presently the„sound of fo'otsteps
was heard, the steady measured tread of old
men with thick boots, and young men with
their best.new calf skini, and the stamping of
still smaller ones, which made such a racket
that she_lilie to have run, but she didn't:
It was soon stint' however, and no one had
disturbed the gate!;. Sire could note have
been mistaken in this, for she was close by'
it,rtml it never opened without a long grating
and growling noise, as though it hated to be
disturbed.
I Hark ! the careful step of a man approaches
and the patting of a little gaiter boot falls
suftly on the night air 1 It near!, though
ly, and the uniek-hearing ears of Airs.
eutttu caught something like pie sound of
muffled whispers. They came nearer, and
finally stopped. -nrs. Stßith held her breath,
while Mr. Smith turned his back towards her,
leaning partially against the fence; and Kate,
as near as she could see, leaning partially
ch bila. Oh, that her.ears had `begin deaf,
that her little fluttering heart, was not sus
ceptible of such agitation.. Was she in her
right mind or had some wild fancy taken
possession of her thoughts She was ,not
crazy, and her ears could not well misunder•
stand at reaching distance.
Mr. Smith spoke fist, after a moment's
pause.
"There is now but one thing-left for us to
~ ( 1- 0 I"
"And that'" softly whispered his com
panion, closely to, him all the while
be spoke.
"Fly, fly with me, dearest, away from this
unhappy spot, where I can pour out my love
i nt your feet, and forever ba , ,k in the sunshine
of your charms. The world will be nought
to me tiniest; f can clap you to iny be . art
.
And not feel the pleasure to be momentary
and fleeting."
am yours forever," sighed Kale, leaning
her bead upon his sboUlder,i."ind whatever_
be your wiAes, I be too happy in
obeying them." .
-"To . morrow night, then," answered James,.
"meet me at the foot-of the lane,at ten o'clock,
where I will have a carriage in readiness,
and ere the moreing , rlawe upon us we will
tke out of reach of - .harm or Unger from
Nancy, and I shall poi, care for-any one
else."
"I will be:thr.re at the hour 1" said Kate
"and now we-must go in or Nadu ilk 6;
uneasy."
But before they disttirtea the ugly gate,
Smith drew Kate to heitrt in one fond,
loving embrace, and smack went a kiss upon
her upturned lips.
As Smith turned arotmd he thought - he
saw something flash.
;be old gate swyng,npon its rusty hinges,
and the lovers took the path leading to the
pact door. Mrs. Smith heard his last charge
to Kate, to be puncttial at the hour, and
hastily un to the front door, and by the time
they gained the back door she was coin
fortably rocking in her arm chair, as uncon
cerned as though nothing. had happened.
That night Smith dreamed lovely dreams,
how be would fly with the idol of his affecft
Lions and evade the search‘ot those whose re
vengeful' dispositions would tempt to follow;
but Mrs. Smith &earned bow he wouldn't,
and how muck he would repeat of ever hav•
ing ventured on so haiardous atY esperiMent,
and hove Halite were human hopes to
blast, and the foude,,t dreativk to vanish in
111111 311'
~-~--
But how to frustrate his plans was the
i l uestion.i. She didn't , sleep when she dream•
ed, but she decided upon a plan o 7 notion,
and then dropped herself in the arms of Mor
pheus. She arose' early, prepared a good
breakfast, and expressed herself uneasy about
Smith's health, and his .appetite seemed to
be very poor, and had been getting so for
some time past. Smith tried- to. be p_artin`,-
ularly good that day, and bad trot T,T,ticty
been in the secret, she would have taken Lis
intentions for genuine love. Smipiiiforrned
Nancy at dinner that, he had me orient
business 'at 'hand, and thaVhe should not
probably be at: home / di supper. Mrs.
Smith was very Isorry,Aut she could not
help it.. _ •
Night came apd so did ten o'clock, which
time found *fifth, at the foot of the lane. A
female form, - closely enveloped, sprang into
the earrtige,and Smith,embracinaher fondly,
dro x veiiff as rapidly as bitrfait horses could
carry them. -
On, tin-the - drove, clinging to each other
in all the tenderness of affection; be snatching
a kiss every noe , and , then from the- nectar
lips which only_ spoke in sighing whi-pers.
Smith declared it the happiest moment
of his life, in his lovino protestations, with a
warm embrace.
Smith longed for the light once-more, that
be might look into her love-beaming eyesadd
read the tender thought ehe could not speak.
Light did come at last i. and when the faint
est streak of crimson tinged the, eastern hills
with a mellow light,,,Sthath ,tsough,t at onbe
to feast his eyes upon those sparkling orbs
which captiNatecl him at meetings. Ile took
hold of her, dimpled chin and turned herlace
lovingly up to his, and—Oh, horrors ! Nan
cy was looking him -in the face.. Smith
jumped a foot off the sent, dropped the lines,
which Nancy caught; tried to say sotnething;
but his tongce clove to the roof of his
mouth. _
Nancy roguishly smiled and said : -
"C r ook into my loving eyes, Jim," but Jim
wouldn't do it, although she declared it to be
the happiest.moblent of her life. - •
• "James," said she, "do vou.see that house
yopder that•is mine, anti. if:you have no
objections, we will spend the first night
there." .
ancy had slyly .turned the horses on o
dit. r ,e ,.l4T reat road in the right direction t t o reach
her home again about daylight. .1 never
could learn from Mrs. Smith what Jim said
when be did speak i but ithrik says he, is th 9 best
man she ever saw. IluiSancy dil telt one
wrong story : she came home from a call,
iust before it was time for. Kate to start, ory
ing with tears in hey ere' , that her husband
had - got tiro-rit from his. bogy and nearly
killed, and she Rust. go and take care bf
him. This was the reason Kate didn't go
that time.
THE. CHURN
Lv DASICaR
flail to the Churn! Iliiil to the Jinn '
Much it teaches that we should I:7.rn
- Divers insights into nature,
Perseverance, temperance,
Taste.,kindness, , 'and economy,
Faith, fashion, and astronomy,
Geology, and navigation—, •.
Something in fine, of all creation.
Behold•the Churn! dts hoops are light !
Not swelling like a bloated fright.
On its own-bottom standing true,
As high sonled men are wont to do.
,Self-poised, firm-set, acid upright, too,
A• pattern 'tis for me and you.
The Chprn's'no c?fsmpion of a crown,
But a Vont Roundhead, up and down,
With, kb:illy Milk, its '•' in'ards" teem, .
So rich, indeed, it's mostly cream.
Gene - runs hearted as a Howard.
Its only fi'.olt is, 'tis a . cow-ard.
Behold the churn, 'a
Milky Way
Full fraught with myriad Nebula:,
So denSe and bright, they shut from view,
That city stuff yoept -bky blue."'
Again you lo.ok,•and r you spy
A Yellow Sea, its wares dashed-high,
Against an oak and hoop.bound sf•.o;
With white,caps,:sponts and hollow roar,
Behold'sgain,:it is a mine
From which the, housewife doth refine,
With sunken shaft, her massiVe gold
Work 'd o'er ar.d o'er,press'd.stamp'd&rol I'd.
: •
Didst ever churn ? 'Tis a good : school,
Keep just ao warm, an just so cool., Is ,
In life's great churning r.eirer fear:.
Through thick and thin just persevere,
Though-foes-should clatnor;friends be dumb,
Churn - on, churn on, the butterll come.
41110.
How the _Earth . 1o4lci! from hie
Moon. I - •
The aspect of the earth beheld from the
moon, always gorgeous, is never the smile.
Beforeit,floats a flickers drapery, adorned
with movable, ever changing spots, which
are continually disappearing, to give place
to others of fresh form and pattern. Cloudy
bells are drawn in certain directions by the
agency of monsoons and trade winds. Stripes
diverging other directions arc the traces of
the polar gales, which rush. toward the temp
erate zones, sweeping - the IMaving masses of
mist and vapor before thei».., The
. freaks and
violence of the untamed winds give to our
planet a more singular and changeable as:
pent than that of Jupiter,
.as we behold him
striped across with transverse bands or belts.
In consequence of these continual alterations
of the outer veil, it rarely is po'ssiblo to catch
a complete \iew - Of the configurations of our
continents, or•of the exact limits of our wide
spread oceans. Lunar students of terrestrial
geography, unable even to obtain at once an
entire view of either of our liemispheres,might
nevertheless_ construct an accurate map by
noting down the details of various' countries
ai they presouted themselves from time to
tithe, and then atantrining the, fragments into
a whole. It. would simply be an exercise of
the same mental powers which 'a - child 'exerts
when be fits together the puzzle-map of -Eng
land, finding fts• proper placefor every ono
of the countries, which have been mingled
pell-mell in the box. Selenito members of
the Geographical Society enjoy the great ad
vantage of having a full view of localities
which are all but inaccessible to us. They
are slant° inspect Central Africa with less.
fatigue.than Doctor Livingston, and they can
form an idea - of what the North Pole 19 like
without sharing the sad fate of Franklin.
But while the outlines of the 'earth's disc
are vague and difficult to determine, her col
-oring is decided and strongly contrasted. At
each pole of the-shining planet is a vast white
spot which offers a singular phenomenon.—
Altbough.perpetually there and never effaced,
thee periodically vary in size.
Ilithint 15, Tiumbir 51. c,
their original appeara:nCe,aftw_the three hu
died and s i xty-five revblutiona oa its a:4,
which constitute the terrestrial,yarir,
portion as Ad white spot on one pole diinit
that of the opposi pole increases
is as,if v one of the rival p were re-conquered
potion of,ground exact! equal tO that loa t'
by the other,so that theyadvance and retret4
reeiprocsdly, maintaining on the whole, bi 7.7
tween the two, an equal amount of territo4 , .„
Nevertheless, the northern wbioh spot is
waya considerable smaller than the southein.
To Seleniies; who have no notion or knowl:
edge of water and ice, 1114 variation of thee!,
two white spots must rem;sio an impeneitab e
mystery. -We, whq observe the phenomeno;
in the planet Mars, can easily accou.t
for it. ,
In elori t /the,complepon,is brilliant, Co..
lag and-gQing,as her sentiments, her pass' , ,
and the state bf her health vary. Sht to
brightly pale'wben and .where it is winte
and blushes tenderly green under the la
ence of spring. The divers, colors of the di
ferent pr;rts of our eiobe change,like the bu:s
°fa magic lantern, according as'they are r:
fleeted
fleeted froth oh alt:tic citcla or a torrid, lone,
'continent or a sea, a sandy desert or' a lot*
forest, a mountain or a plain, and even fro
an Old World or a NeW. The regular r-
turn, once in every twenty four hour's, f
these richly-tiated . ,spotei th. the same !mill° ;
demonstrates at once •to Limonite philosop
ers what has 'given men So much trouble,4i .
establish-41 Tact of, the earth's revolutioh
on its axis. It does.risore :—lt provides ad.
journers on the moon with the most maga%
ficent ; clock ever imagined. It is giganti ,
permanericapd keeps ?effect time -;: it nev r .
stops, nor retpiires wihditig -up. The,rot .
tion of the earth in four and - twenty' hottrs
replaces , the hands that travel round 1:4
dial. Every fixed spot, situated at a differe.t
terrestial longitude, is a number which mar a
the hours and rtinutes, as it. passes-over tit s'
or that lunar meridian. the spots which t
any given. moment make their appearan.e
at the edge of the earth's disc will be situat • • ,
six hoors•afterwards, exactly on the straig. t"
line which.passes from pole to pole througi
the centre of the,dise ; And
_six hours after
wards they. will have reached- the -opposite
edge of the disc, and will then immediate y
disappear. Every slim takes exactly flm .; •
and-twenty mi
hours to return to the -eriiityi _
which it has passed.- In order to -.ascertain -
the hour and its divisions by looking at this
admirable clock-face,all that is required is to
know the time it makes for
~the diffWriit.
.
0 1
-..
spots to pass from-one meridian to anoth r -
The appearance of a spot, as well as its d -
appearance, also su ffi cesito tell what o'el k
—or rather what an earth—it is:, .A Visit i
to the moon would reekam the hour of t e
day by. watching the passage - of the earl 's
spots a v,:s the lunar meridian, by exact!,* the
same method as he emPlovs at home *hen her
lays down the rule that fifteen degrees to toe
east is an hour later,. .and fifteen degrees - o
the west an hour earlier than at the pla
. e
where he happens to be. Thus, when it s''
noon am the meridian' at Paris, it .is one
o'clock on that of Upsal, add two o'clock an
that of Suez. . ' .
. .
Unfortunately for residents ott the ma.
the earth is only visible from one of itstiem
phere.. That heiniaphere .is especially •,
leged ;, it knows nO real night. When t.
sunshinu fails. the earth-shine supplies
place with a light equal to thirteen titres th
of ou-r moonlight when the sky is at:its cl•
est. And the earth benevolently beams n•
light only. but also warmth.. .It:hus at le
been a<c•;ertained beycn-ti doubt.iliititte to
of the moon do tranatnit.a feeble but °bee •',
ble amount, of heat ; the larger and the h
tel mass of the earth must drift on the mo
rAnniderably rr-J6 than thirteen times ;
beat. reflected from .our satellite "under
most favorable eircurnitanda. •
• Rulesfor,-,Travelers.
N l :*q ciip from the Harrisburg "Union," LI
futlowing facts important to travelers, and. l
they are based, we believe, upon legal d::
bions, they are wortltEciowing:—, •
It has been legally, decided that applica
for tickets on rata Bads, can be ejected fr.i
the cars if they do-not offer the exact amou
of their fare. Condactors are not bound
make change.
All railroad tickets are good until used,a,
conditions "good for this day only," or oth.l
:rise lirnitin the time of equiness, are of
accouiit.
Passengers who lose their ticket wo n
ejected from the cars, trtiless they porch..
a second one. •
Passengers are bound, to observe deco, to
in the cars, and are obliged to comply wi G
all reasonable, demands to mho* ticke .
Standing cpott the platform, or otherwise v o
lating FUTltie plena coMpany,renders a pens n
lisble to he put from the train. •
No person has - a right to Monopolize m 6 e
scout:than he has paid for,
,And any arti le
left inn seat, while the ciwnelr is ternporar ly
a b sent , :entitles him to the ! place. upon is
return.
(11:1
TII Fiasa NEwsrsekir.r-The Boston s.n. l
Pranch claims that the 'first newspaper e
published in North Am - erica, made its a'
pearatice in.Tiosion on the 25th ofSeptemb.!
1150). in the then village, its . publicati
caused a prodigious excitement: The Legi
!attire then took up the matter, -dettotinci.'
the sheet as contrary to law in its public;
tion, and aiserted the grand principle of vs;
soiship as determinedly as could . have be
done in London then,c't ii dentiln Pads itol
Louis Napoleon himself could tit haie Mai
a greater row about a newspaper than w
made by our worthy, Progenitors. it ..was
little quarto concern, with only three of:
pages in print, the editor; if such a beast
burden it had, having run .ashore when
wort was only three quarters accomplish. - ;
Only one nuMber- of this Journal. is kiwi
to be in existence, and that is No. 1, and is
the English State Paper Office. It is sup...
ed, and very reasonably, that it:died in bei
born. It was published by Benjamin liar i
lie was.a, patriot, and was set in the pillo
in Charles Il's time, then not an tincom
mode of rewarding, patriot& for the part tb
took in promoting general- good: So th
our first newspaper publiiber was a man
some note, bitvitig attracted royal attentio!
and oocupyittg at the time a high Position
the world. ' .1
jam' To take advantage in a bargain,
virtually to take money out of anothe
pocket, who is not awaro of it. Worldlin l
way call it " fair play," but all honest trt
call it "cheating and swindling."