of the peritird of theii-enlistment, and permit
ting,theM to re-enlist, after a leave otabsence
, of a few mnnths without eessision of fay, is
highly henli • efician its Influence. Pie tip
peentieel system recently adopted is evidently
a estinedto 1 ncorporate i nto i &he service a large
no mber eflour countrymen Eitlerto so difficult
t
to procure. Se,verniltundred American boss
are now on a three !year's' cruise in our na-
I lioual I , t , s is, and 4,'i1l *tern well trained
te
seamen: In the ordnance department , there
is n deeiced and. gratifyi l agindiaatien of pro
' , . . , • ,
! ' gresa cre l itame to tt anu to t 1.41 eonntry.—
The snag tionis ofthe,Seire all! crf, the Navy
in regard to• fur th er improVement
„in that
I ,
s
liraisC:h-o „tbe seiviee I commen d to your fa -
vorable etion. '. •
Then w friceateiordered by rontress are
' noes , afloat, and two of them in active service.
: They areisuperior models of,naval archilect
ure,an with their; formidable battery • add .
I ;
largely, o the publiestrenath and seetnity.
1
• II con,eur in the views expressed by the Sec
rotary of the Department in favor
r ef a :still
• farther increase of our naval force.,
..
I Therreperi of the Secretary of the., Interior
presentsfacts and 'views : in 'relation . to inter
nal- affitirs, over which the/supervision of ' his
',,departMent extends, or clue f i interest and im
l
Ixortanee. . 1 - • '
• ' . 1 TheA l cgreeitte sales of the publie,larndS,du
... r b ' '•
-- , ring the, last fiscal ; year, amount to 9,227,878
acres ; for,which has been received; the sum
of V 1,84 414. * ' •
Dur,iz4 the sa me perioddhere hake been 10.
.
~; • - ,I
cated,,with military scrip and land' warrants,
41
and ftir other purposes, thirty million one bun
tired thousand two kindred and thirty acres;
. , 1
flits making a,total aggregate of thirty nine
inUlioni' three hundred and twenty-eight
1
thous:tad one hundred and'eight acres. 'On\ '
- the .30tli of September last., surveys had bee,n
- 1
made of sixteen million eight hundred and
I
ienty-three thousand six hundred and nine
y.nine acres, a large proportiou of which is
ready ; for market.
- •Tbe buggestions in this report in regard to
the On:Themion and progressive , expansion
,of ; the husiness of the different bureaux of the
IdepattMent ;to the pusion systein : to the
,colonization of Indian tribes, and the recom- .
tiaend4ions in relation to I various improve
menti in the District of Columbia, are especi
' ally commended to your consideration.
'`` -- "' . , 1 .TheHreport of the Poitmaiter General. pre
rents Telly the condition of that department
of, the go v ernment.' ItS expenditures for the.
- 'last fl-cal year, were $10144-,SGB ; and its
gross, ecelpts i $7,620,80 . 1! --making an ex
loess o expenditures ov e r receipts, of A-2,787,-
04G., The deficiency of IhiS department is
•
• , thus :44,000 dollars greater than for the year
1 ending Juno 30,
„1,13,13. Of this deficiency,
$330,000 is to be attributed to the addition
al; denoper.sation'allowed Postmasters by the
0,4 -
net of i Congxesf , of June ....., 1804.. The mail
;facilities in every part of the country have
been very much increased in thitperiod, and
the large addition of railroad service, amoun
., ting to 008 miles, has added largely to the
it- p
cce,t;ol transportation. • ; -
The inconsiderable ar'gmentation of the .
income of the Post Office Department under
the 'reduced rates ,of postage, and its in
. creasing expenditures, must, for the present,
make it dependent to some extent upon the ,
•', treasury tor support.. The recommendations
, -I or, the Postmaster General, in relation to the
• abolition of the franking. privilege, and, his
' views on the establishment of mail steamship 1
Dues, deserves the consideration of Congress.
1
I also call the attention of Congress to the
1 statement of the Postmaster General- respect
ing, the sums now paid for the transportation
-.. of mails to the Panama llsilroad company, ,
• • , and commend to their earlY and favorable
eonsi'deration the suggestions .of that, officer
in relation to new ,cont r acts for mail trans
,ixelation upon that route, and also Upon the
Tehnantepec and .Nicaragua routes.
Ina United States 'continue is 'the enjof ,
merit of emit:able relatious with ail foreign
powers.
*hen my last annual' message wei trans
mitted to corr./re:is r twn subjects of contro
versy, one relating to the enlistment of sob
dies in this country- for foreign • service, and
the other to Central America, threatened to
disturb the good understanding betty - ~ ;.en the. U.
States and Great Britain. 0; the prcl.iress
• , .
aid termination of the 'former'. question you
were informed at the time; and the other is
zipisi .1
iu tire way of satir.factory adjustment.
The object - of the convention between the
United States and Great Britain, of the 19th
of ,April, iB4O, was-to secure, for the benefit
of all natiops, the neutrality and the common
u any transit way, or inter:oceanic comma
. nieatian across the isthmus of Panama,which
Might be opened within the limits of Central
America. The pretensions subsequently as
sttted by Great Britain, to dominion or con
tOd-o.rer territories, ha .or near too of the
rontes, time of Nicaragua _and Honduras,
were deemed 'by the United States, not mere
li incompatible ,with the main object of the
treatV, brit opposed even to its expreas stir u-1
1 -
lotions, Occasion of controversy on . tiaisl
point has` been removed by an additional!
tieaty, which our Minister at ,Londim has
~
concluded,- and which — Will -be immediJ
~
11L ( elySLIbMitt44 to the Serrate for its consid I
eration. Should tbe proposed supplementa
1:
arrangement be concurred in by all the par r
.t4es to he affected by lit, the objects couteuk
plated by the original convention will hay
been fully attained. ,
!
The treaty between, the Vnited- States and '
.i 1
4test Britian,
..of the_ .sth of June, 1135 i,
itliich went into effective operation in 3.85,
• i .
Pat an end to causes f irritation between the.
two' countries, by securing to . the Unitel
States the right of fishery on the. coast of
tlie:Oritish'ilii.lrtli American provinces,, with
advantages equal to those enjoyed by Dritish
Subjects. ,Besides 'the' signal benefits of trig
treaty to a large clime of our citizens en waged
i
In , a pursuit . nonce ed• to no inconsiderable
ae g ree with our xi timid prosperity and
atrength, it has bad a fav6ri4ile effect upcin
_Other iatorests in the provision it made fdr
#eciproeal ,-freCd ow 4 - .. f trafk. between the
!Jailed States and the British provinces in
Am .
erica,
! .The exports of dcimestio *steles to dim
: p ror k,ogr o p`ning thol last year summed is
' , J - • s - 1
more that . twenty-twsts millions of dollars,
exceedingi tliose of the preceding , year by
nearly seven millions o dollars; and the im
ports"ns` •
o t e
~ rom, dun g the same period,
'amounted, to.uire tht+ twenty.one mipions,
-an inereaso of the six millions. upon 'those
of the pnivious years,
The irniprofed condition of this branch of
our commerce is mainly attributable to the
above mentioned treaty.
; -;
Provision was made' in the first article of
that treaty, for a commission to designate
the months of rivers to which the common
right of !fishery, on tills coast of the United
States and the British provinces, was.not to
extend. This commission has been employ
ed a. p4t; of two seasons, but without much
progress! in accomplishing. the object for
which' it was iiistituted in Consequence of a
serious difference of ' opinion between the
commissioners, not wily as to the precise
point where the rivers t'erminate, but. in many
1 instances as to what constitutes a river. These
diffieultiel, however, May be overcome by
resort tn the umpiragelrovided for by that
treatr.
The `` efforts perseveringly prosecuted since
the colnmencement of my administration, to
relievelour trade to the Baltic from the ez
actiou Of sound dues by Denmark, have not
yet been attended with;succesi. Other gov
ernmel
nis have also seught it; obtain' a like
relief to their commerce, and—Denmark was
thus, iduced to propose an_ arrangement to all
t i
the E rOpean Powers interested in the subject;
and the manner in which-lter proposition a as
recei4d, warranting bier to believe that a
satisfctory arrangement with them could
i
soon be concluded, she made a strong ap
peal tO this government for temporary sus
-1
peusidn of definite action on its part, in con
. sidenition of the embarrassment which might
I result to her European negotiations by at
immediate adjustment of the question with .
'the . United States. ' '
1 ,
• This request has been acceded to, upon the
t
1 condttien that the sums collected after the
I-IGthlof June last, and until the 1 0 th of Juno
t •
test, from vessels and cargoes belonging to
our inerchants, are to be considered as paid
i under 'molest and subject to future
adjust
ment. There is reason to believe that an
arrOgernent, tetween
,'Denmark and the
maritime powers of Europe on the subject,
will 'soon be concluded, and that the pending
negotiation with the Lnited States may then
be resumed and terminated in a satisfactory
manner.
With Spain no new difficulties have arisen,
-nor has much progres.s.':becn made in the -
ad
justent of pending ones.
N l l egotiations entered into for the purpose
of relieving,our commercial intercouse with
the Island of Cuba 0 some of its burdens,
and providing for the more speedy settlement
of local disputes groWing Out of . that inter
eourse,-nare not yet ouen attended with any
results. . ,
Soon after. the commencement of the late
war in Euiope, this government submitted to
the' l
consideration of all maritime nations,
two principles for the security of neutral corn
mercel •
t—one, that the neutral tlag 'should
corer enemies goods, except articles contra
band of tear; .and the ether that, neutral pro
perty on board merchant vessels of bellige
rents should be exempt from condemnation,
wiir -the exception of contrab'and articles.
These -Were not presented as new inks of in.
teatic , nal law ; having,
h
i, been 'general claim
ed by neutrals, though not always adthitted
r
I •
I,byt belligerent*. One of the- parties to the
war—Russia—as well as several ' neutral
poi t ivers„ promptly acceded to these' proposi
tides; and the two other principal beligerents, -
Gteat Britain and France,.having consented
to! observe them for the present occasion, a
fakorable opportunity seemed to be presented
f 4 °knitting a - zenera! recognition of them
VOth in Europe and America.
i Bat Great Britain and France, in CO:11MM
Vi j ith most of the States of Europe, while
,
fliihearing to reject, did not affirmatively act
pan the overtures of the United States.
1
While the question was in this position,
the representatives of Russia, France, Great
pritpin, - Austria,: Prussia, Sardinia and
'put':; ; , v, assembled at Paris, took into con.
Siiiratfen the subject of maritime rights, and
p:at forth a declaration .containing the two .
1 rine; ples which this government had sub.
mitted, nearly two Years before, •to the con
.lsideration °I, maritime polvers, and adding
thereto the Wowing propositions: ." Pi iva
'teering is and remains abolished," and
" Blockades,-in order to be binding, must be
effective, that is to thy, rnaintained"by a force,
sufficient really, to
.. prevent access to. the
coast of the enemy ;" and to the declaration
thus composed of four points, two of which
bad already been proposed by the United
States, this government has been invited to
laccede I;,y all the powers represented at Paris,
} except Great Britain and Turkey.
To the last of the, two additional propos'.
tins—that - in relation to blockades-there
can certainly' be `no, objection. It is • merely
the definition of what shall 'constitute the ef
fectual investment oft - blockaded place, a 1
definition for which this government has al-
ways contended, claiming indemnity for loss.
ea . :where a practical violation of the rule thus
'defined has been injurious to - our. commerce.
As to the rethainigaiticle of the declaration
of the conference of Paris, "that privateerieg'
is and remains ab014e43,"—1 certainly can
not ascrihe to the pciiitrepresented in the
-- l t
conference of Paris' r any t liberal and phi.
larithropic views infix attempt to change the
unquestionable rule otman'lline law in regard
to privateiting.
Their proposition was doubtless intended to I
imply approval of the principle that private
property upon the 'ocean, although it, might
belong to the citizens of a belligerent '`state,
should be exempted fronrcepture; and 'had
that prepotition been so framed as. to give,
full effect to the principle, It would-have re
ceived my ready &Fenton behalf of.the Unit
ed States. But the measure proposed is in-
adequate to:that purpose. it is true that if
adopted, private property -upon the 'ocean
would be withcfra - in from orie,inode of plun
der, but left exposed, Meanwhile, to another
mode, which could be used with' 'Demised
effectivam • the - 'Aggressive - oricity of
west naval powers Would be - thereby Rug
merited, While the defittisive ihility d others I
would - be retlace4. •
'Though the surrender of the means of pros
ecuting hostilities by employing, privateers, as
proposed by the conference of Paris, is mutu
al in terms, yet, in practical , effect. it would
be the relinquishment of a right of little value
to one class of States, but of essential import.
ante to another and a far larger class. It
ought not to. have been anticipated that a
measure, so inadequate to the accomplishment.
of the proposed object, and so unequal in its
operation, would `3.4Jceire the assent of all
maritime powers. Private property would be
still left to the depredations of the public
armed cruisers.
I have witnessed a readiness on the part of
this government; to accede to all the princi
ples contained in the tleclaration of the . con
ftirence of Paris,. provided that relating to the
abandonmentof privateering can be so amend -
I -
ed. as to effect the object for which, as is pre
suited, it was intended, the immunity of pri
vate property on the ocean from hostile cap
ture. •
TO effect this object, it is proposed to add
to the declaration that " privateering. is • and
remains abolished," the following ,Amend
ment: " And , that the private property of
subjects and citizens of a belligerent 'on the
high seas, shall be"exempt from seizure by the
public armedvessels of the'other belligerent,
.except Wire contraband." This amendment
has been presented not only.. to the powers
which have asked our assent to the declara
ration to abolish privateering, but to all other
maritime states. Thus far l it has• not been
i
rejected by any, and is favorably entertained
by all which . have made any communication
is reply. • 1, -
Several of the governments, regarding with
favor the prop<4 , ition of. the Unite) States,
have delayed-definitive action upon it, only
for the purpose of consulting with others,
parties to the conferenCe Of- Paris. .1 hare
the satisfaction of stating, however, that the
Emperor of Russia hai entilely and explicitly
approved of that modification, and will co
operate in endeavoring to obtain the assent of
other powerS; and that. assurances of a similar
purport have been received in relation to.the
disposition of the Emperor' of the Fiench.
The present aspect of this important subject
Allows ua to cherish the hope that a principle
so humane in its character, so just and equal
in its' operation. so essential to the prosperity
of commercial nations, and so consonant to
the sentiments of this enlightened period .of
the world, will command the approbation . of
ail maritime powers, and thus-be -incorporat
ed into the code of international law.
My views on the subject, are more fully set
forth in the reply of the Secretary of State, a
copy of . which is herewith: transmitted, to the
communication on thosubject made to this
government, especially to' the communication
of France. •
~, The government Olthe]United- States IL*
at all times regarded with friendly interest the .
other States'of America, ; formerly, like this
country, Euro'pean colonies, and now inde
pendent members of the great family' of na
tions. rut .the unsettled,condition.of some of
them, distracted by freqtrent revolutions, and
thus incapable of rep:llml I and firm' internal
1
administrations, has tended to embarrass oc
casionally
our,public intercourse, .by reason
of wrongs which our citizens suffer at their
hands, and which they are .low.to redress.
Unfortunately-it is against the Republic of
Mexico;with which it ia our speeial desire to
maintain a good -understanding, that such
; 1
complaints are most numerous; and although
earnestly urged
.upon ita attention, they Lave I
not as yet received the lonsideration which
, .
this government had 4 right to expect.—
IWillie reparation: for pat injures has been
withheld, others hake beir added. The polit
ical condition - of that country, however, has
Ibeen s.uch as to demand
, forbearance on the'
I part Of the United States: I shall continue
my efforts to prOcure for ;the wrongs of our
Citizens that redress which is indispensable to
i the continued friendly association of the' two
!
1 republics. - - 1
The peculiar condition affitirs in Nicara
gua in the early part tOf the present' Tear;
rendered it important that this uoveintnent
should hare dii9lomatiCi relations with . that
State. Throttgb its Tetiitory had been open
ed one of the principal thoroughfares across
the isthmus connecting North and South
America, on which a cat4t.amotint - of property
was transported, and to which our citizens
resorted in great numbers, in passing between
the Atlantic and Pacic coasts of the United
States. The protection:of both required that
the existing power in ;that State should be
regarded as a responsible government ; and
its minister was accordingly received. But
he remained here only a short time. Soon
thereafter the political affairs of Nicaragua
underwent unfavorable change, and became
involved In much uncertainty Ind confusion
Diplomatic representatives from two contend
ing parties have been recently sent to this
government; but,,with the imperfect infor
, mation possessed, it srts not possible to do
cide which was the government de facto;-
1 and, awaiting -further, developments, I have
refused to receiveeither.
Questions of the mint serious nature are
pending betweed the 3nited States and the
Republic of New Granada. The government
of that Republic undertook, a year since, to
impose tonnage dutiel on foreign , vessels - in
her ports, but th e purpose was resisted by this
government, as being contrary to existing
treaty stipulation with the United States, and
to rights conferred by cktrter upon the Pana
ma Railroad Company, and was accordingly
relinquished at, that time, it. being adtnitted
that our vessels were entitled to be exempt
from tonnage duty in , the flee porta of Pana
ma and Aspinwall. But the purpose has Wen
recently revived, on the part of New Granada - , .1
by - the enactment of 'a law to suliect , vessels
rutting her ports to the tonnage duty of for
ty cents Pei ton ; and, although the lei has
not been, pia in for* yet the right to enforce
it is still asserted; and may, at any time, be
- a g e dbytte.goverrin3ent of th" at IteOublie.
The.congress,Of New Granada has also en
acted a law,,during the last year, which lev
ies a tan of more tban three dollars on every
pound of mail matter transported across the_
Isthmus. -The sum thus required, to be paid
on 'the mails - of the United • Statei would
nearly two rnilibos.of dollies exinuaPy, in
dition to the large Rim payable hi contract
to the Panama Railroad Company.. If the
only objection to this exaction wee the
orbitaney of its amount, it world not le'
submitted to by the United States.
• The imposition of it, howevegwould obvi
ously contravene our treaty whit New Gran
ada, and infringe the contract of that Repub
lic with the Panama.' RailroadiCornpany.—
The las; providing for: this tax,Swas, by by
terms,.to take effect on the fits; of September
last, but the local authorities on the Isthmus
have_been induced to'suspend tits execution,
and to r.wait further instuctioris on the sub
ject
from the government of the Republic.—
I ant not yet advised of the d(termifiation of
that government. If a measure so extraordi
nary in its character, and so Clearly contrary
to treaty stipulations, and tli contract rights
r •
of the Panama Railroad Company, composed
mostly of American citizen's ; ithould be
per
sisted in, it will be the duty of the United
iStates to resist its execution.i•
I regret exceedingly that occasion exists to
invite your . attention to a sul:ect of still grav
er import in our relations mitt the Republic
of New Granada. On the
. lSth day of April
last, a riotous assemblage blithe inhabitants
of Panama committed a vio'ent and .outra
geous attack on the premiSesi'-of .the Railroad -
Co. and tlfe passengers and tither persons in
or near the same, involving the death of sev
eral citizens of the United spites, the pillage
d many others, and the dest;rnction of a large
amount of property beloring to the Railroad .
Company.. I caused full infestigation of that
event to be made, and the ticsult shows • satis
factorily that complete respinsibilitv for what.
occurred attaches to the government of New
Granada. I have, therefote; demanded of
that government that the perpetratora of the
wrongs in question should be punished ; that
provision should'-be made fir the families of
citizens of the United Statea.who were killed,
with full indemnity for the tproperty pillaged
4 .
or destroyed.
The preSent condition or tha IstlimuS of
Panama, in so far as regar4vhe security
. of
persons and property passiqg over it, requires
serious consideration. .ReciMt incidents tend 1,
to show that the local authlyrities cannot be.
relied on to tnairitain the public peace of Pari-1
k
nina,and there-is just groaud for apprehen-
Rion .that a portion of 64 1 inhabitants are 1
1
Meditating further outrageswithou t adequate {
.measures for-the security. aild protection of
persons or property having tseen taken, either
by the State of Paartma, :or by the general
government of New GranadA.
Under the guaranties of Treaty, the United
States have,' by the outlay df several millions
of dollars, collo meted a railroad across the
Isthmus, and it has become. the main, route
between our Atlantic - and Pacific possessions,
over which multitudes of. °Ur citizens and a
*vast amount -of property, art: constantly pass
ing—to the security -and iirotection cif
. all
which, and the continuanci of the public ad
vantages involved, it is' inipossible for, the
Government of the United States to be indif
ferent.
I. have deemed the dangei of the recurrence
of scenes of lau less videnet4 in thisluattei so
imminent as to make it tun duty to station a
part of our naval force in . t.4e harbors of Pan
ama and Aspinw,all, in ord4 to prOtect :the
persons and property of the, citizens of, the
United States in those portS, and to insure to
them safe passage across the Istbrmis. And
it would, in my judgment, be un%)ise to with
draw the naval force in thciSe ports, until,, by
the spontaneous action or the nubile of New .
Granada, or otherwise,. s ) 4,me adequate . ' ar
rangement shale have beet4made for the pi o . ;
tection and security of'a life of -interoceanic .
communication so irrport4t at this time, not
to the United States ouly,..but to all ether
Maritime States:both of Virope and Atneri
Mennvibile, negotiationsimre been institut
ed-by means of a special cornmis...ion, to ob
tain from New Granada: full indemnity for in
juries sustained by our cititens.on the
mus, and satisfactory security for the general
interests of the United Siate. _
In addrcssiog to yo'n my. last annual mes
sage, the occasioa.seeMs tqme an . appropriate
one
. to express my congrat4lations in view of
the peace, greatness and CcHefty which the
United. States now possesi and enjoy.
point you to the state of the various tlepa s it- .
merits of the government, and of all the great
branches of the pablic seroce, civil and mili
tary, in order to speak-of the intelligence atia
the .integrity which Pervades tba: - whole,
would be to indicate but Imperfectly the ad
inini.ttrative Condition of the countrs, and the
benefiCial effects of that op the general wel
fare. .
Nor would it'suffice to:say that the nation
is actually at nenee at home and abroad ;
that its industrial intereits are prosperous;
that the canvass of its maiiners whitens every
sea; and the plow of its. husbandman is
Marching steadily onwaril to the bloodless
contest of the continent; On' citie.s and popu
lous States are sptinging np, as if enchant
ment, from the bosom of , our western wilds,
'end that the courageous Onergv of-our people
is making of these' United States the. great
Republic of the world. Tr hese ,resalts have
not been attained without* passing 'through
trials and perils, by experience of which, and
thus only, nation. are hiirdened into man-
Our forefathers were trained to the wisdom
which conceived, and the courage which
achieved independence, by the circumstances
which surrounded them, and they were thus
made capable of the. creaiion of the republic.
It devolved on the next- gimeration to coirol
idate the work of the resPiution, to .deliver'l
the country entirely fromtile intlnences of con -
flieting transatlantic partialities or antipa
thies which attached to nurcoloniayand rev
olutionary history, and. toiorganiiii' the prac
tical operation of the conititutional and legal
institutions of the Union.', , To ur, of this gen
eration, remains the not less noble : task of
maintaining and extending the poweli of tb,
United States. -
We haieot length, reached that stage 'of
thefnational cnreer,•in which the dangers to
be encountered, and the exertions to be made,.
aro the incidents, not of weakness, but of
strength. In our foreign :relations, 'We dtave
to attemper-our power to the less happy con
dition of other, republics in America, and to
'place ourselves in tlte calmness and conscious_
dignity of right.by the side of the greatest
and the wealthiest of the empires of Europe
In our domestic relations, we have to guard
aisamst the shock of the discontents, the run
e,
Vitions, the interests, and the exuberant, and,
therefoie, sometimes irregular impulses of
opinion, or of action; which are the natural
product. of the present - political elevntion i . the
self reliance and the restless spirit of enter
prise of the people of the United States.
I shall prepare to surrender the Executive
trust to my successor, and retire to private
life with sentiments Of profound gratitude to
the good Providence which, during the peri,
od of my. administration, has_ vouchsafed to
carry- the country through many , difficulties,
domestic and foreign, .me to
contemplate the spectacle of amicable and
respectful relations between ours and all
er governmenti, and the establishment of
constitutional order and tranquility through-
out the Union.
• FRANKLIN PIERCE
WashingtOn, Dec. 2; 1856.
Doutrus¢ ptmotrat.
tHE `./A.RGEST f.:TRCULiTION IS NORTHERN
J. B. McGOLLUM,
A. J. GEIMITSON,
notitrow, Theirsila . y Dec. 11 I 556:
All Communications. Advertisements,
and Notices °fai; kindonust. to rce'eive an in
sertion. bo handed in. on Wednesdays by . 8
o'clock A. M.
Or Blank Deeds, Leases, Contracts; Bonds
Mortgages, &c., constantly on hand at this office
We also give notice, that we will fill any of the
bove instinmentS at charges so moderate as to.
prove a s tying to those ha ng that kind of bu - A . -
ness:to ho, done.
Balm for the Angry, Anonyntom
In the last week's Republican appeared
very indig,Mint letter adddressed "To tlre-Edi
tom of the Detnoerat" over the - siguature of
" A Woman of Montrose." Of
,couese v,e
regret haying written anything to displease
and exaoeratea / fragile being ambitious "to
take an votive part in the Politieal questions
of the day," and proud to associate with snob
. patterns of Tit ihty and moral excellence as
\Vilinot and Glow. BLit having uninteu
tinuallr we trust that what follows
tall soothe the woundetis.Ritit aour nervous
and irritable assailant. That " women uho
repoblican - sentittents" .should en
deatorto comfort the defeated and distressed
f MIA" -sh ri4s4ers, is perfectly natural and
j t just. If painted canvass, pretty mottoes stud
pathetic poems, afford to
Grow in Congress Hall
And Wilmot on the Bench"
any consolation, make their disappointment
leis keen and crushing and more easy to bear,
then -theb mace presentation and its accent- .
panying display of wit and brilliancy, were
timely and approptiate. Lpau reflection we
are inclined to think that the two luminaries
(Wilmot and Grow) need Site encouragement
of "woman's smiles" and the powerful stimu
lus •of machine poetry, since • the people's:
verdict is so emphatically against them. As
for our "-great baciolor leader" his situation
is . not. half so "forlorn" as "a woman of
Montrose" itnagines; - 'hero a election his
enemies threatened to give him "Jessie" and
render him miserable, but it is now ascertain
ed that " Jessie" accompanies John . up
Stit-
Ricer to Perple:e him in his unwilling retire
ment. : Obdurate indeed, must be the futioue
correspondent of the. Republican, if not satis
fied with cur explanation • of the malice
provoking article penned by us on the sub-.
jest of the "Banner Presentation." We as- ,
sure the seemingly intractable creature, that,
whether garrullous old maid,- whose natural
peevishness. has been aggravated by disap
i'pointmcnt, married lady admirably. fitted to.
make a . clever, but unfortunate fellow misera
ble, or cowardly nytle sailing under false
colors we shall not condescend hereafter to
notice anonymous scribblers; nor can we
in justice to out readers make'rooni for com
ments` on-such silly effusions.
B. If "a woman of Montrose" should
discover thr.t, in the above we -." take unwar
rantable liberty in our allusiOnsto the Ladies
of Montrose and the sex in general," she will
please accept our apologies herewith ten
dered.
The. President's Message.. ,/
:We print, to-day, to the exclusion , of our
usuat ili variety, the fourth and last anntial
hfcs
sage of. President Pierce. It jtan ably
written paper, and should, be road attentively
by eimiy citizen. It discasses' In a clear and
forcible style the origin and progreSs.of the
Kansas - difllculties and presents correct con
clusions is to their ,causes. Of course the -
Black Republican / p / ress'is . indignant becalm'
the President p o ints out the fital.results that
would follOw the triumph of a, sectional party.
vrT),ki west adviv'eiNfroin Kansas, state
thittGoy' Geary had. taken meastirty to re
optute the prisonets, who, : Recently,. made
escnpefrom Lecoinpton.; that the Gland.
4Ory having-found true bills . of indictment
against sareial • pro-tlavety., men, a public_
meeting had been : called, Surveyor: General
Calhoun presiding, at witiolt : Goy..Geartand
his inquisitorial Court . WeSe., : reputlinte4 .and
denounced, and a call 'stifled for
.order Conyention. to. meet, at Leavuworth on
the lint of December. •.
The Jdriin : the ease 'ol Lewis Baker charg
ed with the murder of William Poole, die-
Distresslag Calamity.
On-the 4th, roil: Mr. Joszeit ButrEnnEcto
of New Milford Susqu'a Co., was instantly
killed:hy' s failing front Trassel work on the
11041;near 'Seyanton. Mr. Butterfield Aram
fonnerly of I.lridgewater, be has left a lii-tge
family, and silage eirCle of warmly attached
friend!, who Will deeply lament his d e mis . e. •
(Cost.)'
EXPLOSION OF A LOCOMOTIVE—Two MEN
KILLED. AND ONE BADLY SCALDED.—An acci
dent occured at 8 ocloek, on the 3d, inst. up
on the New Yolk and Erie Railroad near
&dents, ahput thirty-two miles from Jer.se
Cit, by which two men lost their lives. and
another man was bad 4 injured. The loco
tuntive,(No. 143) attached to the milk train,
which lift Jersey City at explod
ed itiungiliately after )caring the' stations at
Sufferns, and was totally wrecked. The boil;
er was throw trentirely actors the other !rack.
and the smoke pipe was blown pearly . 300 ,
feet.
.0. \V. Vance, the'enrrineer of the train,
was thrown a distance of 400 feet berate :he
struck the 'ground. Quo of his legs was . torn
off below the knee,:and one of its bones.driv ,
'en into a wooden-tie in the road with such
force that it. was round necessary to we an
n*e to get it loose. He died three ham of
the explosion. He was about 26 years 'of
age,nnd bas -a wife and child living at Owego
to which place his,temains were taken last
night.
John -Cozily, a brakeman upon the train,
who boheded at No. 45 Montgomery street,
Jersey City, was instantly killed. Ho was
found in the first car terribly bruised, cut and
scalded. The car Was much broken and
thrown off the milt: Conly wasa single man
25 years of age. ' is remains'were brought
to Jersey -City ve. etday afternoon and taken
to his late residence..
11. Carey, fireman upon the train, was bad
ly scaldect about the head, face and breast.-
lle was brought to the New York Hospital
ye4erday. afternoon.. IL . wilr'probably re
corer.
Three or the cars were thrown off the track
and considerably broken. It is stiptio.led that
the water was exhausted-in the boiler before
taking in a fresh supply - at theSutferns Sta
tion, :111(1 the cold water passing. into tife
heated boiler, as the train moved on, caused
the explosion.
EDITOIZS
. From the Lancaster Express, Dee. 1.
Visit to the President Elect.
On Friday last,_ the students of Franklin
and . MarNhall College, nu.mbetinm over one
hundred, accompanied -by the Oesideni and
Taculty, and the Fencibles Brass Band, paid
their respects io Mr. , Bnchanan at Wheatland.
The occaston WIL.V one of no ordinary interest,
.for we believe.it 6-the firrt.time in . the histo- .
ry of our country that the Piesideni of the
Board of any college was visited by its stu
dents to congratulate him on Ids election • to 1
the highest office within the gift of a free peo
Franklin and Marshall Colliege was
reserved the, honored distinction of being the
tint to have the President of ;its. Board of
Trustees :Felected its the President of the • Re
public ; and we trust thlt it will not. be the
last mark of high distinction which the: peo.:
pie will confer upon that noble institution, of
which the citizens of.our-country and State
may well be puma.
This visit was suggei:te - d and -arranged
among the students themselves,. who With
comtnon consent laid aside all party prCeer
ences-and prejUdices, and united in the maii-e
-meat by a unanimous . vote. The• approba
tion of the President and Faculty of:the Col
lege was sought and-obtained only after the
visit bad been agreed upon.•t rind there - was
peculiar propriety in it.- Mr. Buchanan
ha:: been the Pre,ident of tlie PrOard'of Trus
tees of the College since their fi:st erganiza-•
lion, in Jannaryi 1853, and has alivayi felt -a
deep interest in its prosperity, and taken' an
active part in its :ants while at home r , beside
heading the list Of donations subscribed fur
the erection of : the new edifice with a. very
liberal i:oritributinn. It. was, therefore, natu
ral and proper that the students should feel
a desire to tender their congratulations to the
President of. their Board on his elevation .to
the Presidency of the Arnerican Reput:c. •
The faculty and students marched in•pro
.cession, from the college at - 3 o'elock, preced
ed- by the band. On arriving at Wheatland,.
theY were invited Into. the general . reception
'room, Mr. Buchanan cordially - received
them, one after another' as, they' entered.—
They were then funually . . introduced liv
the Rev. E. '.,,Gerhart; President of the Col
lege, who briefly stated the of of the viS=
it. •
'Mr. William A. Duncan of eashtown, Pa
delivered the congratulatory address. •
Mr. Buchanan said, in 'reply , that be felt
greatly indebted to his young friendslor their
visit. He had the assurance that, at least,
their congratulations were sincere, ,as they,
spt Ling from the warm hearts of youth,Which .
had not vet had .time to be beeOine corrupted
and hardened in the wars of the w o r ld,',. Th e
bosom of youth was the abode of ,iiicerity
and
.truth, and it was indeed altleasure to re
ceive the warm outpouring of their heart ; ,7 7
lie said he had alwaysTelt a great solicitude
fur the interest of Franktirri and Marshall
College ; it was a noble insittution,' and he
was pond to be the President of its Board of
Direct Ors. Ile was extremely gratified to
learn it had fair prospects, not only of a largi
ntmilier of students,/buf . of great usefulnes s .
•It was gratifying2t / o see so-large a number of
'worthy young ufon already en ruled on its listof
students. Uoreferred to: their,responibility.:
Hreminding,,thetn'thar, when the present gen- .
eiation had ps.sed away, and been gathered
to their fathers, on them, the yonng -.men of
to.daY, would rest the; responsibility of form
in adMinistering, the fume government
flthe country, and of•presetving intact - our
glorious Union and Constitution. There was
not, he said, a young man among'-thero,hoW-;
ever bumble hisposition, who might not as
pite, with an honorable ambition, to fill the I
highest Office in the gift of the people; hut,.l
in order-to attain to ,positions,. of honor and
usefulness. and distinction, they . must rethem:'
ber that everything de.petls upon theMselves.
They must carry out their fniurefroto the op
portunitiei of:the peseta: Rind parents and,
friends have aflorded them rateopportunities
for Requiting that linowlellge which' consti
tutes p o wer, If they negket or abuse these
tippottunittes . ;• if They idle away the ("olden
hours allotted for their improvement 4 1 miild;
if they are-Mgt obedient to their peofessors,.
in all that relates to the good, interest . und
success of the..institution-7theui they. might.
beas ! ured, they would have cause to : repent
4.14116 r fully through- 1 !Katie - of Borrow oW itr
after fife; for thov Conlil - ,rinver tetrievc the
past. Mr. Buchanan said he had ..beul ri
eullege b(ly himself. and none of the Wet u t
boys either, being fond of fttp,hke themselvel.
There Were many little :eccentricities in the .
•
life of 'a celleoe ,fitudeta shat might - be' par.
rs,
tioned.of ovellool:04, Int there - wits onehabit,
-ailtich,-if formed at college! in • early. youth,-
wonhl clitigp:thein in after :life.:arat Wight
fairest.prospects. He referred to the use of
intolienting-liquo6, end, &Oared that it. wo'd
ale b.e.ter for that youth 'Whii — eou:raiited tits
appOtite fOr - strong,drink - tbat Zia were -dead
'or-blid•bever been horn;' - for- -Ivien-be ultra , 4
*wag mtita vgatiog , uppitiebAk: eatem,
SIR. IltrellANAN ' S REPLY
.
fondness oftiquoy hecomitigAwith him a goy.'
erning passion; be Could . see „nothing before
him but a life of sorrow and dishonored grave
in his old age. Many hrdii, - he ;sus ftware i cOn•
Lidered this uractiee a marl:; of striminem,bni
,he ri!gard - ed it as au •Offkinso. that • eannot be
pardoned, especially in e s ',. student.at eoliege;
and he centlialed'hi . ,i earnest ipperti by ex,
pressing belief . ..that none of the.
.young men or Marshall: and. Franklin ireta
addicted .to this dangerous habit. The speak- -
er. then.alluded to
-the course and' habibi of
study necessary to insure success is is'student'i
life. Many yoeng , tnee prided themseiVes in
running over a great many book andgia
irk; SU perfteial knowledge
. of army branches
science.
_Thia".wais of no practical. use.— .
I.Le:would urge tnewto learn thoroughly alt
they undertook to - learn—to. aulttire - know]- -
'edge distinetlyand - then they would be_
able to nite it to some - particular advantage
in
in after life. They -should apply. tbeselvei
with dilligence to - Aheir allotted " studies hy.
day. refleCtat-niglit'upon what they had thus
acquired, and approciriaie it as their best citj.
ita I wit h .which,,to engage in: the struggleOf
life. lie had met with many men of protni
nence who had looked atthe . itidexes'Of many
books, and had n general - smattering of-knowl
edge;,„but it was all surface work; and. of no
practical use.. lie - toped hie; young -friengis
hero would avoid falling into this.error.": MT.
Buchanan yemarked that his_ erection had.
..
been alluded, to, and be might be ezpeeW to
say something 4 that point.. lie bad been
elected to the high and . nsible office of.
President, and be than .. mo sincere.
l's_ l tt,
ly for their congratu atioi • it w ether the!
event, would prove to be a rn ' ter of congrat,
ulation time alone can -determine. Without,
saying• Which party was right or' which was
wrong, the fears of the 4 Father of his Coun
try" had at, last been realized, - and . wa now
behold a sectional party—one portion 'of. our
Union, arrayed in hostility againstthe other. •
The of of-his
,administration woublbe to .
.thstroy any sectional party, N'3rth 'l3 . it -- .Soutb,- - -
and, harmonize.'all the...sections of thatnioni.,
under. a national. and conservative govern-f
ment, as it was fifty years,ago.. Unless this. .4•
be done, thn time may come when these see, li
tionallnimosi: ies which now "unhipptly' ei- 4
ist mt. , break up the faliest and most perfect
fOrm of government the sun ever shone. Dpon. ,
But he trusted that the same . Power wilds
had4 watched over and- preserved suk - irs: : tbe,.
Past, will cvntione to smile upo us Ana , make
iis a prosperous, united, and I ppy, people.— .
in gondusion o be said that i
. e could, in am degree, be the ho,nored;instrument of allaying
this sectional-excitement, and• restoring' the
Government to the principles of the 'Fathers,
. be would then feel that he bad . not . assumed'
the Arduous duties of the office In vain. -
'At the conclusien of Mr. Buchanan's 're
marks, of which Ave have given - bitt a rapid
outline, his guests retired, each one receiving a
cordial shake of the hand.. After :they bad
re-foitned.in the
,o:der . of proccsion three
cheers were .proposed and ffiven- for the Pres
ident* the Board of Franklin and 'Marshall
Collikeand the President elect of the United
State. S.. . . . - - .. '7 - -;,•
Late :and iftnportant from liansas
Tlie Missouri. Pintocrat,. the main organ
and general news tyan . ;Poiter for the F,usion•
i;ts during the late campaign, finds it
siLle to play .the, farce any longer i and comes
o u t with 1.116 . 4419.61 g faets ; as furnished by
a 'co.treTomient iu tLe Territory. The editor
KIN'S
• We invite attention to some very impirtant
disclosures. which will be': Pound in another
column, of alleged frauds Which' have • been
practiced . by the' so-called EniigrantAid -So
ciesies of- the Noi•th, upon those, 'who - have en
trusted -thetri with donations ) to 1 'relieve the
-1 necessities and sufkrings in Kansas. ,"For
',sortie time past we have,tiestra tarierts coin
plaints and' accusations. , - against these as spec-:•
ulating.concerns, nil pointing to the same
abuse of trUst., and 'the sauna infidelity of
agents, Wlio have only, appealed:to the benei
°lent friends 'of KanStia in order to . Peeket for_
themselves the .funds' they may
We have never.apprred of - tht4:Aid- Se
t her at . the North or the Sotith 7 :- ;/ /We
have, believed that it was: a vicious'
of emigration, - and not calculate . .4n be. of
benefit to our WesterwTersitotiO,(:'for those
whom a Pallry advance couldthus induce to
• go into Kansas or Nebraska wiresaareely the
material . out ofwhicli to take hardy blots—
eets or industrious -farmer:l.'. however,' it
shall turn out, in additien to all this, that the
Aid Societies are unfaithful and avaticioni,
and frAul:alent beslees, we shall 'have .even
'still more powerful incentives to discourage
and discounterrance them. We c'.natmend the•
cointrittnication - to which we lake referred,.,
and the many signatureS.AtMelted to it, to the
attentionnf those eoneeined, and demand in.
the name of the destitnte• and impoyeris!ed -
nienand women whp haw:losttheir star
'stance in the distressing collisions in Kansas,
'that the agents who have Made Collections for
their r'elief'be Ischl 'to strict accountability,
and the ;lila and - character of these Aid So
cieties be • mote closely examined into.. If
they shall prove to be mere associations - of
the benevolent, we have no righi tti quotien
the propriety of their formation, but if they
be merely banded pigeon-droppers in disguise,
it will become the duty of'the press to expose
and uprOtit them. The hapPiness of a peoplle .
has more chitin upon ' , the sympathy of. the ,
public than the success of speculators in char
ity. Nor in this la nzinige do we wish to con
fine ourselves exclusively to those atisociatiorts
which have been formed in the North :under
this title. -Equally. seer criminations• have
been vaS•ed time and again in.. our I easing •
'upon similar schemes in • the South. -,and we
have no doubt that what. Or 'correspondent
says of the desperaiion to which .many wont,-
reduced by disappointment in fulfilling the
promises made' to them before 'emigrating,
drove ra, j thetliein into scenes of plunder which dis 7,
ge
the cases:of eomplaints against lluford, Wilkes
We have • Ir r e e n i t t l i y u i r ?:tb d li i sl it ed I t i l l i e e se Pas c i h s s i i i r a g l e m si r t;
and others 'from the South, and now , perform
our duty as an impartial ; journal in givingi
prominence• to the pieseut disclosures eon
-denting the Aid Societies of the North.. In
the shape - in which they come- and endorsed
as they arelOy- many - resident settlers of Ilan-,
,
sas, will not do for . this matteite hp pasA
over in silence, 'and :we, s hr+il atitiait with some
anaiety to see the ex pl a r t ationa that may.
tome from the companies and tuditidualsim-
• ,ilitatekt. .
The followin is the can!'of the . victims : .
GxposCtiou of the lious4ll Soci.•
.
Cif.
LAr'ar,...coN;K. T. Nov: '24;185 6 .
MIL:EDIrokt -.nth interesteti irOthe
-I**lo-‘?(Attizt Torlitory, I woela say to those
whe lutitiel e orailq,r- to K . .tiv9ts, oonie on your.
f-}v'yirte4.l,;•tsit:•ibility., anti . ttio youknorr w bat
to .
tlip t *.o i upon, for you•ket.mot4epen cl
, thettssitAanee which i$ ptimiiseti you, if Y"
Mutt itlAiir th e pronlitle •of the Ranias. Aid
°°4lel.Y, Thai is neihkrpnore ttor 100 fhaa
4, specitlativ tnieratiega, itop4 beginni,ll.9 to.
end, ore tea )'alikeedem , 4 1.1 . 1
it -
er Buie that Me' Aciriesl:, iionritoes shoutd be
•(1461)44'na-'loAgtiritiP'./aiiediigllirtsa,t. There
•is n4).-itisht'bot. , there are people . who 'heart.
!4ticl 1 F . 0414 t•Actv:isq,.thes.4 who gird ai d`
toFt z oome person:or persons the pal! - .
they