The ituote.raus fraudsiwhich continue te
practised upontiikxeverme by false invoices
raid undererdtiliklikk4stetiti tin ntibitst#ra
ble reason - for tdoptiug SpeSffits-ine4ad 4:
erilorem duties in Sll:eases where the " nattir
of the-Cothneditssrees trotlerbidlt.' A:etri-- 1
Ling illottrit)ioa - Of,,the!e frauds trlll.be
ttKd intlitiiitepo s ti of the 'Secret* of the
tree - sure, Showing, the eastern house vales-
Lion of articles itnyoetsAunder a priper_
law s
''S'r r .7l.ieet to spear,"duties, When tikere was -no
Iltducenseni to undervaluation, and the cos
-trim house •raluations oftthe same articles, en
dife-th4frojigtr-iyareni-rif iihtoriiirifdritiee,"
l'lYfil4rT4ll.o as t°'ilaveil°.o°9 l 4• , ? r l the
eXeiteisi;ilohlie-morrtlfairant l ilatisettidr
slowesiatil a f o T a Y' l l m ' •
PrgseetAlr,Porttiied, with the languish.
-Fendi_tiOn IfOtet..of the great interes ts of
tia? cgt4o-$ IMPortstione and
COFte99e4tAeffetetedPriceinnd. with-the- fed
4F4ien#Ainlitg 4 fOrgilletottrhet - fgr.lsor
argislittg pluaiuf . yreado l ori rind provistons,
inituied,olumin to! reettaufrendn, mgdia
oct.litexistingurift
,4errieraa:t a erthe-Stieretary (tithe interior,
Ifliiebeccautpaiiecthis temmunication, will
pmritat•condensedatatement •of the °Pero
tl**;:sl.l- that imPertant , deportment of the gov
4rra-arlo,-.. • - _
;lt wi11„6.-speatliat. the ,rash_ sales of: the
latabliclands eseeed these_ °title proeeding
that ,there. I§Te4tto-to_ tiMiciaate , • a
Still-",further--increase, , notwithstanding, the
lergliAmaationsyltich have beerimarle to naany,
of the Statlrs, and the ltheml, grants, to - indi-
Osa FF.waril.-tiir military .
Serrices-
Tbia,fackfernishes • very , gratifying -evidence
rif tie_ 9:rwirt; wealth and prosperity ; of our
Saltable measures liavo
• been adopted for
loremencingthesurrey- of the,public lands in
Califooia. o 4 -Meg"- .547°.11ng ratios
there
.been organized, -mad some, progress has
I '•'° l3 °4149..i0 establishing tho--Princiaal base
-end merrina linos . put , further legislation
and ionaleppreprlations will_ be neres
shry before the proper
,eularlivis ions er.n be
exrde, and the , genet,' !fuel 'system extended
Sver:thoSexemote:partSof our territory. ,
Oa *he 3,i-or Ewell iaat, an set was passed
providing for the appointment of three commis
- Aden . = f,,0 settle : private; land elaims in Califor.,
nab. Three persons were immediately
of whom, however, declined accep
ting -tali afir.4, in . consequence of the in
'Cllll43'll: af the . compensation. Others were
promptly selected, who, fat% the same -reason
also declined; and it %errs net: until late, in the
season that the services of suitable ,persons
could bd secured- A majority of , the corm ;
-wisdoms convened in this , city, on the 10th
.ef .4eptemlary last, when detailed:instructions
•were given tb them in- regard to their' duties.
Their first rneetimr, for the transaction of bus
iness will be •held in Ban Fri/misery on; the
,eighth - day of the Preseet Meath._
UM thoughtit proper to. refer ,to, these
facts, not only to explrun' thecauses_ of..the
,delay In filling the commission, but, to eall
sour attention to. the propriety of increasing I
the compensation of the commissioners. The
Attlfiailis,senriof great labor and respensibility .
• " - '" • • nsatielysherthi—lie-erietr , a= 4--I ‘ ,
•o° 01 ! 1 ,_ sa men of-ictogo order : of, talents, and
snd Pin most unquesh , onable integrity.
l i be propar disposal of the mineral, lands of
Calithttia is wsubje'et surrounded by great
dkenfties.- In my bast annual message Iree ,
stomendod the survey and sale of , them in
smallimmets, under such restrictions AS would
effeetnally guard egainst menopelysnd specu
lation, 134 ripen farther information, and , in
ideferense to the oPinicns . .pexamitt.familiar
with the subject; I an/ inclined to.ehapgo that
s:ecommendaticu, and 'to
_advise that they be
'Portiattea to remain , -4 4 at present, a-common,
tea, open to theenterprise mid industry of'
ail our citizens, men:farther experience , shall
bare elev . eloped_theliest policy to be ulthuate
kadopted in , repa, rd i to them . It is , safer to
star the inconvenimicea that Dawes's% fora
abet/ Period, than, by premature legislation,.
to fasten on the country a systemSenniled
latettr...ivhiChAttaLra,4._ stile *hale subject be.
yowl the future control of Congress..
z: Tie agricaltUrall bind; -sh ould, -however.
be surveyed : and brought into market with
-msslisetedelay pessible,. that-,the , the titles ,
zuv. heantue settled, _end the jnbabitents 1
inintialated _to make permanent improve-1
sucti44 - atid ento. Mt the ordinary pursuits I
""To effect thesti objects it' "desi
sshlo ibifthe necessary provisions be:made
bylaW for the establishment of land dales
• in .California and Oregon, and for .the ef6--
.elent prosecution ofthe surveys at an ear
ly, -• • •-• • -
_flume difficulties have occurred in organ
the teriitortal. . governments of New.
Mealci,4tand.,triab'iand,when no:citrate
isformeil n !Anil be obtained Of toe' causes , ,
a further Mut:deaden will be tiade' on I
communication
' C ingress I recommended the establish
mac! of 'tin Agrieultural Donau, • and • I
take this vecakinn again to invoke fa-
Totablevonsideration of the subject~:: .
;Agriculture may. be regarded as oue_ori
the great interests: of the_ people. s F6ar-I
fi - thelof our intiveopelation ,ares employ. :
a it? the , Oultivation. . the soil, and the
iiiiitE;expeesion .of orir Settlements over'
.amr'Serritory, is daily adding tti the ours-
her ;Otitis+) engaged in that vocation.—
Air* itittlittund policy; therefore; since 1
segiiip) tho‘itie government 'should . use all
she meseisathonsed by; the cooititutirm,-1
io *tie butte' sts and Welfare of that
inkimitfoOges Of our fellow-eitizens. , Audi
yet it -iemetalptlar,fact that, "whilst the;
loalicifiesming• >am& commercial - Interests
lisle Ougago44lol4Y.'nt-joug Congress-do
rbig,elarge,yortion AVerY. : , - no.F O P, And
our *kites abound in iirkibionsfei•Abeii,,
giro:Mtn:lnland eneriMingentent;-fittlo..., has
;r a done direetly ,ter•tbn adVabee;
saint of agriculture. It
- vepresetrt6 nor le tslation *lnauld - 14 '63;
sionift4sial laincerely 116006 A t h e'oo:
eeVOtaigreskinllF4sen dose' their labia*
with4m4nyting - kflicient - means te*iirlY
the .1)04 moncof.-thetWano. ,- have preceded:
111-0 FAtiAfiP oll , o ,tiPt - - 404.-AisPgf*Palisug
evrto K , A 4 # -I- k 1a4":44.°/I'e ' l'legn4 sa e
Ottidtki ual
if* ifisfiang the fertility
the ioil,'And of - procuring and distributing
Seeds and plants and other vegetable pro
-
deadens, with inStroctione ill regard, to the
SeiVelimate; tend ,treettnetikliestf-adaptil,
'to their 'growth - ;"Could:pottti`hei. lathe
language - of Washington, hi :his last annual
meant) . to Consreske,...." very cheap i n . ,
atturoont rifimmease.natienal benefit."
Regarding the act of Congress, approi
ed 28th September, 1850, granting bounty
111 -04 , 0-11 0 5 6 . 1 903 3 : .44 gna,ge4-1 1 1-1
the Military-service of the country; as a,
great measnre of national justice , and mu
nificence, An anxious has liven felt,
Itymificers entrusted withitalmmediate ci
.ecution; to give prompt et/i et to its precis--
I ions.' All the means Within their control
1 were, therefore, brought into requ isition to
•liiiieditelbeldjiiiliFititußif Chi*
am gratified to he able t witatte-that''netti
one ; hundred:thousand ,applicatie as - hrivh
been considered; and about seventy ithint: ( 1
sand warritnts.iestieduithinihosshort Spade
of nine mo-Rths-:
be made by law to carry into effeet the
recommendations of ; the depart ment..it, -is
cenfidently , expeeted that,, before the close
of the fiscal year, allocho are 'entitled
to the, - .beneSts of: .tho.act;. have re:
ceived.tbeir warrants. -
The , Seeretiry'of the -Interior has ;sug-:
geited , lir -his-teen various amendments
of tho laws relating to .pensions and bounty'
lands, for_ thepurpuse. more` effectually
guarding against abasekand fraudk cn the
Government, to all , of which I icivito .yout
particular attention:;:_ • •,-- • .
• The hrge accessions to our Indian rip- '
illation Consequent upon the eirquisitionl,of
New Mexico and California, and diets:teal ,
sion of our settlements into ,Utah and 9r
egonaare given increased, interest and , tm
portenee to our relation With the aborrai
nal race..
- No material change has. . taken: thee,
within - the lest year, in: the • condition and
prOspee'e s ortlie Indian ,iiihes• 'silo: reside
in the Northwestern Territory and west of
the,Mississiiipi river. We are. at peace
with all of them ; and it -will be 'a 'source
of pleasure . to you tor learn that they, if°
gradually advancing, imeivilizatiOn - and the
pursuits eof social lite.:
Along the. Meiican frontier, andin Cali
fornia, .and Oregon, there have beeni ocea - -
sional mat:Cm-tames of unfriendly feeling,
and, some depredations committed. Lain
satisfied, hoirever, that theY resulted more
from .- the destitute and starving condition
of the ladians than frotti any settled hos
tility toward the whites. ' the settle
ments of - our eitizetles 'progress towards
them, the game upon - which , they -mainly
rely for eutesistence, is driven .off- or de
stroyed, and theLt'enly alternative.: left to
thetujs starvationer plunder:. It becoru&e
nn UP:consider. in iritW• of.this,COntlition:Of.
things,:whether justice and humanity, as
well as an.enligh:ened economy, do net re
qpire that, instead , of-seeking to, punish
them for eff.-neei whiCh", are . theresult cf
our own policy towards them, we Auld not
provide: for the' immediate 'wants and en
courage them' to engag . ein agriculture, and
to re:yon their' labor, instead of the chase,
'for the means of support. ' •
Various,important-treaties have been ne
gotiated with, different tribes; during the
year, by which their title to large and , val
uable trietkof country- has been estin
- - gulstietyall Or atithe proper
time, be submitted to the Senate fur ratifi
cation
The joint commissiOn wider the treaty
of-Guadalupe Hidalgo has been actively en
gagedin running and marking the bounda
ry Tine between the :United States and
'Mexico. It Was-Stated in the last annual
report-of the Secretary of the Intetior that
the initial cpoint - .on the Pacific and the
point of junction, of the Gila sith the L eo'.
wade: river -bag been,determined. and
. the
intervening : line,_about _one :hundred .and
fifty, miles in length, run and marked by
temporary monuments. Since that time a
monument of marble-has been erected at
the initial point, and permanent landmarks
of iron base been placed - at 'exiitable iii
tandes alongtheline.
- • The inital phint bb the Ric; Grande has
I also been 'fixed by the commissioners at lei
-32 -deg. 22'inin.; and at the date oi l :
the communication the Survey': of . the, line
had been made. thence westward about one;
hundred . and fifty miles to the neighborhood I
,of the copper minis.. .
_:•..::.; •- I
,Tlineoretnisidoaon our part was atifiest i
I,organized on thelenle exiierience -
; pnived to 'Le - unwieldy and attended ',with •
•
Illanepossary expense. - Orders have, there;
foie, been- issued for the reduction of the I
I number of perions employed , within the 1
smallest limitt, consistent with the safety
of those engaged-, in the service,
e simit the_ , ,
I prompt and efficient execution of their im- I
portant _duties - • , -
Returns have
_been‘receiVed (rem all the.]
officers.engiged in taking the census in the I
States and Territories, exeetii, California.—.
'The superintendent' einaloyed to, make the
enumeration in that State - t his - not yet'
made his full report, front cause}, as he al
leges, beyond histiontrol, This failure-Ist
much to , be regretted,is frevented the"{
Secretaryof the interior .trout making ,the
decennial apportionment: of representatives
among the ,States, es. required by the .act .t
approved May 23, lfi . fil). hariek i
• however, that the yeturns.will sonn be re
' Caved, mann time then`be lost in Ma t
king the necessary apportionment; andilia
-
titinamittibgthe . ; certificates required by'l
- • --
The Superintendent 'of the Seventh Cen
sus is diligently setoployett- under the di
rectiott of the Secretary of the loterior,..in
classibing and arranging in tabular form,
all-the statistical infonnation derived frnm
„
the_ returns of the marshals,,and it•ia he:
lieved that: hen the intrk sba be cop le
ied:it- will exhibit - a more - perfect tie* Of.
th'e population, nealth,necupnthitte, tin) 14-
efitl - i.nndifion 'of 'a great Country'thaninia
ever, been presented to Ike
value,of inch-a work . atilie - basis
4ightened Jetislation; - ean- - hiirdlys:- , Urer
tr,timated ;and I earnestly -Initte•-that - Oeiti -- -
*retialeililloatt no time :la waking
Pr9.4oPost,),NCells4 l 7 to complete the
glattsifi-PfOon,Agtd• I °` P4blish Abe reelflts,
w97 -1 4.1_* . Oar wubjectrigind 0 r 'PO
/ •
th if *ilia , of i tor* frite 011; pioserj;/
buig'.tli - e compensation, to`bea lowed` is
triet ulterior, cleticti 3 Oirtbdi;:initi.64:"
missitufeis
tha.cittiiii Of IttluelV_Areititi6l4 - ftijiistWalid
reeltirriendlittkroter
jerkins:of-1U rawir,eti
110 t6tOtidOEt4Otr.ofArtitriff of fees which,
as; far: as ptioticable," - ,stinuld :be uniform;
fpecifie , -Conipensationjer
erry'OrViOiic , "Ttrblektba. -, . - oflieer may
subject will lei -
1015 , fifientia. in,the.repgrt of the Seero
tary,ofi ' •
•--
In rmy last annual message; I gave briefly
my. renSous for beiniving that you possess
-e 4 theCOnstitutional'potver to improve the_
rborefif. :our...great. „lakes-. aod. sea mast,.
loOd'the navigatioWet our priucipal. rivers;
n et; eOnintneeded thit.opyropriatiCes.' , be
niiiiiieforemitideting such works as bad al—
ii:ady been :couiinrineek -cornmeno
itg-tneb others asOlight seem to t
nr ortimgress- to, be C f,....pnbliC:.and i 804:
era I iMpOrtanoe.' :Without repeating the
thirditY
again . tOsOall'yOlit - iittentinnitnihis subject:
The-ivorki - it"nindibt•tini' barbers were
left in nn Unfinisbekstate, and consequent
ly-expesedztO thiOutioti : of the - -elements;
which is 'fast: destroying:Ahern,
nornberitisf.lives.and vast amounts of prop.
erty ftroy4ol6ol.YloSt ; fer.,:crant:;safe on&
'convenient - ..harbora,l (*.ibe,layes, ';None
tint theae, 114: bits . ..e.. been, ..eapoSid that
dangerous , riayigotinir can , fullr i appreeinte
the importance of Ois'isaiii
Neitbwisf appialS` to_ yen fir' relief; and
trist:their:appeatetill receive due 'conSid.4
eraiiim at youibands:
trtin' re.
- 'gar& to some of:ilie barbers -and bleti on
the sea - toast. .
lhe olstructed - navigation of our large
rivers is of -equal importance., Our set tle
are.now extending to the sources of
the: great riVers which . enipty . int,o; and
form a part 41 the Alississippi,,and'Oe f
tie of the 'public "'lands in those regions
Would 110 . 0644 enhanced by freeing OM t
navigation of *those waters froM obstruc '
tions.! In view, therefore; Of this great in
terestri deem it My duty again to urge up
on Congress to make such appropriations
for‘theso improvementr3 as they anay•deem
necessary, „ _ = : •
' Thc surreys of the Delta of the Mississ
ippi, with a view to the, prevention of, the .
ovotfrOws that._ have proved .39
to•thaVrcgion of cOuntrY,..linve been nearly
- coMpleicti, and the ; reports . thereof are now
in course of puhlication, and Will shortly be
laid tiefdre.Vou: ' _
pterteetton hfonr southwestern (eon
'
I tici,-and of the adjacent' Mexican Stales,
• 1.-
egamst the Indian tribes within our border
bas•elaimed:myearriest and constant atten
tion. CongresS having failed, at the last
session; to apopt my recommendation that
an additional regiment -of mounted men
ikecially,adopted,to that service should be
raised, all that remained to.he done yeas to
mate the best Also of the„..meaus at
trip disposal.' AccOrdingly;:all the, troops
could - gap:od to 'that. service that could
Propetly be spared Ifrom tither . ' qharters
have , been 'Concentrated' on that frontier
and officers of high leputation - selected to
eomiriand them. new arrangement cif the
military posts has also been made, where
by the_troopuare brought nearer ;to the
Mexican frontier and to the tribe; they arc
intended to overawe.- - • .
Sufficient time has net : yet elapsed te.
realiZeall the benefits that are expected to
result from these arrangements, but I have,
eid,y reason to hope that' they will effeetn- .
ally cheek their zusurauding expeditions.
The nature oldie country, whichlurnishes
littlelfor the support of au` army -and a
bean& in places of refuge and concealment,
is renarkahly - well adapted to:this preda
tory Warfare; and .we can scarcely hope
that any military ,force;--combined with the .
greatest vigilance, can entirely Suppress it.
By the treaty . ,ef Guadelupe Hidalgo, we,
are h.und to . protect the territory of 3lex-,
ico against the inoursions of the Savage
tribes withiti our border "with equal 'dili
gence and 'energy," as if tha same Were
made within our territory or agains:t our
citizen?. I have eirdeavoredto comply, as
far rie possible; with this provision of the
treaty. - Orders have. been given to the of
ficers commanding, on that frontier to con
sider, the Mexican territory. and itsinbahi
taati as equally uith Gar own - - entitled to
their. , proteetioni and „to male. all their
plans and arrangements with , a vier: l to. the
ittainnient of tl - Instructions
baVe'also been given to the Indian eorn-.
missioners and agent's ameng the tribes, in
elf tieatics,i to make the .elauses designed
for the protietiorrofemi Own citizens apply
also to:thoO. Of Mexico. - 1-haven - o'reason
to doubt that, these instructions have been
carried; info' effect:- Nevertheless, it. is
probable that, in spite of all our efforts,'
some of the nei,ghboring.states of Mexico
May have suffered, as our, own have, front
depredatiou's hy the Itidians,
Td.the difficulties of defending our own
territory ab. e mentioned, are superadded,
in defending' diet :of those that
ariie . from • ifs reetiotebess, front, the fact
that - ire time no right' to station our trisetis
within her litnits; ; :ar,d - .that'there is CO'efft:-
'ciept.military force do the :%laxiban side in
ii,elierate-uith Jonrg_as this
shell topticitteio; esse;'the - ininber
und_eotivity: s nf ,our troops will -raiber-in
eresie thakei?ninish;the..o4.lts, the
aTis will nuttirulli , turn: to%Tarcis that noun;
tty . w,lire they encounter.the.:leaSt.lcsist
ritieet:i': .Yei.thcise treOl*.'ere..'neeeesery,
sublitethein, *end 'metope! there :.:to mate
.
entiobiirretre;tiei: shall have
been
.iline; neitherseenntrY **enjoy any
srenrity , frein their'attaekN.-
Tite
Indinns_itt'Califhinio;:irbe,had
siciusly: appeared, of ti.-.l)eaceeble - oharacter'
and isposed; cultivate. friendship of :the
[3rh)tes; - bsVe . :-1 4 :eently;
.ecintthitted, several
Att,a l ,large- portion of :the I
renifereenttints-scat - ;9 t Il t rltt:ne frontier
fe:ee stationed tittle is :ooisi4ered entir ety
innde to to to
te . defen , gUnnet.lie _
Leristsetkihnireieri'krittottt ' .. - .4fiereise: of
dire ia + my; nod ; ". I again recoinmcr.d that
reei*elfs indisPeetabre - te•itio protection
the • .7. , "
. -:-4 , lntite:ynnetittetition..t&the suggestions
ion thiketibietitiqint:'in!.4itbere ,,, eonnacted
'At4b. , .ol3.4oPertMeuti in the roped_ of the
1 ;:•.-.•
e
spoipiitjeu ioribe support Or the
3t!ay„dars.ag;_th,a,„9:9Freot.:, 404,4seul,.year_.
- entbniOt. r ti`Ati:tie_AOt, Itererettueed jar
by 'the de
p"srartttient :' t
ionstdeinfirefieffeieriey',:idirhieh
i< - invite
3-ffhficetpeiaittifefeEthtiiiicp4rtinentfer
the year ientlieg'3otb Juiteltsk:+wele;4%; - -
0fetv,208 , T . 50 year
. an d _
commencinelst July next, and endingisteam•Diail servie, an other speeial e ob, -
June 80, ltsB,,are $7,806,775 82; -show!. ',lents assigned to the supervision of t his: .
e -
jug a redaction of $.l. 161,492 ;: in. .... -, Department _
-Theßotiro,' of Com6ssioners, to ! Who'd •'. The report of th e, Postmaster teeterat,
the management of the affairs of the'ltlili-Ihierewith:eommdnicated,Prefents 'an.inter
tary A s yt e iei rea tee bithe act of .the 8d ; esting vieW of the. progress, operations, and.
of March last was.entrested, have ecleeted '-eotidithiti of this Department: - ".= , • ': •. -
a site for the eittablisbnient tif an - Aaylure I:' 'At the_elose ii , fthe last :- fiscal - Year, the
in the vicinity of this pity , whieh ` has beeri ;length of mail routes within the 'United
approved by me, subject to t..e productioe 'States was 196,290. miles ; the annual
of,a,satisfactory_title. - , _ _
,_ -I traespertation thereon ! 58;27 . 2,252_416es ;
. The report of the Secretary - of the Navinitil the annual cose of such transportation
will exhibit the condition el the p ublic see, 153,421.754. --- • ".: -:: - - --:
vice . under the SuPervisionef that departs The length of the foreign mail routes is
meet. Our naval force- afloat during tli 'estimated at 18,349 miles ;', and the annual
preseneyear has been actively and
•, tteefuk l , transportation thereon at 615,206 miles. -- .
ly-eniploye4,- in giving protection" to. , ouilThe annual cost of this service is £1,47e 0 ,-
widely extended and increasing commerce 187. of which £448.937 is read by the
airdinteleate in'ilie Vitictue'titiaiteraefiliiiiPost-Offie•o• DePartniefit. and' $1,023,256 is
globe; and our - fiag hag everywhere afforded' paid through the Navy Department. - - -''.'
the security and received the respectinspir- - .; The,tintual - transportation 'within - the ,
ed by the justice - and liberality ei our in- United .States (excluding • the'service lel
tercouree, and the dignity and power of the California and Oregon; which is. now: for
nation.- e • -..... .', ,„ . '.: --: : - • the first time,. reported and embraced in,
, The expedition oomman,ded by Lieutene 0
the tabular stetementsef, tbceDepart merit) ,
ant Dellaeen, despatched in search of the exceeds-that of the' preceding , year 6,16.,, e ,
• British commander, Sir John Franklin,and i855, - tniles, at an increased _ cgs!, of '047 1 -
hia companions in the Arctic SeaS,ieturned 1110: _ • ~ . ,
Ito Newlferk in the month of S'Oeteber, of-1 The whole,titimber of Post Officio , in the'
ter' having undergonegreat peril and - inf . - . 'United States, on 'do 80th day ; of Juno
, tering - from ' ' an unktown and dangerous I last; Was 19.796., There Were 1,698 post
navigation and - the rigors of 'a northern [offices_establiehed, and' 250 discontinued
climate,
I Without tiny' satisfactOry Informae durhig the year. ''. .• - -- .
[
lien of the objects of their Seareh, but with The gross: revenue pf • the Department
new,contributiens to science and .navige. fee the fiscal year, including the CI ppropriai,
tion from the unfrequented polar region&, tions for the franked matter of Congress,
[The Officers :and men of 'the
.expedition,'l cif the Departments, and officers of govern
' havine been. all velunteers for this service, ment, and excluding the , foreign pestles,
,and baying so conducted it as to meet . the eoliected,for endpayable to,• the Brttisb
entire•apprUbationef the government, it is post o ffi ee,dreounted to $6,727.86.6 78.
tsuggested, as an aet Of grace. and generosi- - Threxpenditures 'for - the same period
ty,
_that: the same allowance of extra pay (excluding $20,599 49, paid' lender - an
Fitted emoluments be extended , to them that award of the Miter, in ptirsuance Of a re . "-
' were made to the officers arid 'Men of like elution of the last Cengress, for mail ser
rating in the late . exploring - expedition. to vice °tithe Ohio and -Mississippi rivers in
the South Seas. ' .• - 1832 -and 1833, and - the amount paid to
I earnestly seem:emend to your attention the - 13ritish post office for foreign postages
the necessity, of, recognizingthe Naval Es- collected for and payable to , that ,office)
tablishuent, apportioning and -fixing the amounted . to
,$6,024,556
. 79'; leaving a
number of officers-in each grade providing balance of revenue,over the proper expel)-
! some niede of promotion to the higher ditures of iheyear of $703,299 98. .
grade's of the navy, rather than 'seniority or The receipteler postage during the Year]
date of entry' into the Service, and for retir- (eleltiding the foreign postages collected
, m
ing from. the effective list upon reduced pay for and payable to the British post : office)
" those Who - ay be incempetent to - the per- amounted to $6,345 , 747 21, being an in
formance of active duty. As a meesure of crease:et $097,610 99, or 18.65-100 pert
economy as well as efficiency in th 4 him of cent. over the liko receipts forth precced
the service, the provision last mentioned is ing year.
, eminently worthy of your eoiesideration. The reduction of postage, tinder the act
The determination• of the - question of of March last, did not take effect until the;
relative rank between the sea and civil ofE- commencement of the present fiscal year.—
cers of the navy, in the various grades of The accounts for the first quarter, under
each; Will also merit your- attention. The the operation ,of the , reduced rates, will not
failure toprovide any substitute, when core be settled before January nest ; and. no re
perafpunislunent was abolished fee offences liable estimate , of the receipts for the pres
in the navy, has' occasioned the convening eat year can yet bemade. It is believed,
of nuinerous courts-whirtial upon the arri- however, that they still fall far . short of
val of vessels' in pert, and is believed to those of the' last year. The surplus'ef the .
have an injuridus effect upon the discipline revenue new on hand is, however, so large
and efficiency of the service. To moderate that no further appropriation from the
punishment from one grade 'to another is treasury, in aid of the revenues of the . de
emong the humane reforms elide tige ; but parttnent, is, repuired for ,the current fiscal
to abolish one of severity, which applied so year; but no additional appropriation for
generally to offenees_en .ship-board, and the year ending June 30, , 1853, will Prob ;
provide nothing in its stead,- is eo suppose ably be found necessary when the receipts
a progress of improvement ire every indi- ()title first two quarters of : the fiscal year
vidual among seamen which is not assumed are fully ascertained. .
by the Legislatlite in respect to any other 'ln his" last annuafreport the Postmaster
class of men.' ' ' General recommended a reduction Of post._
.
~ _ .
It is hoped tharpeegreee, in the ample ago to rates - whieh- he deemed as low as
opportunity afforded by , the present session could be -prddently 'adopted, unless Cun
will thoroughly investigate this impOrtant gress was prepared to appropriate from the
subject, and estabish such modes of deter.- treaeury, for the support' of the Depart
mining guilt, and such gradations of 'pun- meet, •-a sum more than equivalent •to the
ishtnent es are consistent-with.humanity mail services 'performed •by it for the gov
and the perso,nal rights of individuals, and': ernment. - Tie recommendation of the Post=
at the , same time shall ensure the boat, en-. master General, in respect to, letter post
emetic and efficient pyrformanee of duty age, except on letters from and to Califor e
and suppression. ef crime in e our ships _ of the and Oregon, was substantially adopted
war. . : • •• • , 'by the last Congress. lle now , mom
.: , . • .. •
• The stone deck in are navy yard at New mends itdherene,e to the present letter raki,
York, 'which was ten' years in process of, and advisee against a further reduction un
construe:ion, has been so far 'finished, as to I til justified by the reyenue of the Depart=
be surrendered 'up to the authorities f the went. -, ' = •- ' -' - -
yard. ' The dry - deck at Philadelphid ii re- ,He also recommends that the rates of
ported as completed, and is expected soon postage on printed-iriatter be, revised so as
to, be tested and delivered over to the as to render , them more simple, and inure
agents oldie government; -'• That it. Ports- uniform in-their operation npon all classes
mouth,, New Ilampeldre,is also nearly seedy of . printed: matter.,:. I submit, the-recom
fer delivery; and ii . contract, .has been eon- mendations of the report to your A faverable
eluded, agreeably to the aek - of. ,Congress at consideration. .
its last session, fora floating sectional dock I The Public Statutes of the r Uniteci• States
oii the Bay. 'of' Said Franeisco. I invite, have now been accumulating far, more than ,
your attention to the recommendation eV : sixty years, cud interspersed , with: private )
the Department - touching the establishment I acts, - are 'scattered through numerous vol:
of a - navy yard in conjunction with a dock ernes,' nod, from the cost:of the whole, have
on the Pacific. " Such a station is highly becotne tamest inaccessible, to the great
necessary to the convenience. and-effective- i mass of, the 'eotnmunity. They alto" ex-;
nest of our,fleet hethateacean, which must hibit much of the incongruity and imper-
I
be expected to increase with - the growth of fection of :hasty legislation. As it seems
commerce, and the : rapid extension' of .our to be generally -conceded that there is no
while fisheries over. its waters. - , .common law" of the United States to sup-.
The Naval Academy of Annapolis,under ply the tlefects of their Legislation, it , is
a revised and improyed system of -regula- most important that that legislation should
Wiens, now afford tipportunities of editea- be as perfect as possible, defining.every
tion and instruction , to , the pupils 'quite power' . intended to lie conferred, every
ecjnal,. it is believed, - for professional am- crime intended ;o he made punishable, Ond
provernent, te those enjoyed by the 'cadets' prescribing "the' punishment to be inflicted:
in the Military 'Academy; A large. elnisi 'Li additicin to some particular eases spo
of acting_raidshipteen - ' - w.es - received et-the :ken of more at" length. the whole,erlininal
commencement of thelast_ acadeniie term, i code is now lamentably defective. Some
andit pra c tice - ship has - been atteched to offencelare imperfectly desoribed, and otb
the institution, to affordihe amplest ineansers are entirely omitted; so that , - flagrant
for regular -instruction in seamenehip, as ' crime may be committed with impunity.—
well as, fei _cruises during the ...vacation of Tho'scale of punishment- is net In all ea
three or four months in each year. : • ism graduated according to the degree and
Theadvantagea - -of ',science, - innautical; nature of, the O ff ence, : and is often rendered;
affairs have rarely, been,more strikingly il- more unequal by the different - in - odes of im-'
lustrated 'than in the fact stated in the re- I prisonmeat, or penitentiary confineMent, in
port of' the Navy -- Department, that; by their•different states. - • • ,- .
means of the wind and the current charts, -Many. laws of •a
,perthaiseid character
projected andprepared by Lieutenant . ltfan- have - . been introduced into appropriation
ry, the Seperintendant of the Naval °beer-, bills; sad it is often difficult to '"determine
vatory, the passage from the :Atlantic •to whether the particular clause expires with
the Pacific forts of, our country has been the temporary act-of which it-is a part, ori
shortened by about forty days. y
• - • continues, in force,; ; 'tiles. also frequently,
The estimates for the . Slippori or the Nit, -happened that enactments and provisions
... aed,; Marine Corps the . ensuing. fiscal of law have been introduced into bills, With'
year will be found to
~be. $5,856,472 19, the title or general Bubjeet of 'Which' they
the estimates for the ; en : trent , year being have little or no connection or relation,—
$5.900,621. --
. . ,
The estimates for 'special objnets- under
the eoatrol of this dopartniont amount: to
$2,684,229 89, against' $2,210,980 "forl
the'preient year,-theltlaktllSO-bei4.ooCa
sioned bythe additional mail servlcinitho
Pacific, coast and the construction . of the
dock in: authorized st:;the last
session of Congress, and some slight.addi, - ,
tions under th
~ e bead of improvements and
:r pairs navy sardst, buildings. 464 Pa-1
ehinety. „
I:deem it or'ititiWidortaned to - a kit
economy, and norreet understanding:of
naval experitlitarety !that 'there should - be
ab ciatire;eeparritiotiof theCippropriatloas
forlbe support ofnaval :satric& proper
frotit.those; for permanent improvements . at
Plvy.yardtianit - '4ll4tiona, 'and Orir cOenTI
menti have. been it — aped - upon each other,
and often with but ;little e'onsideratien, that
in 'manylestinetrx" it is difficult, -to search
out and determine whatls - ift
The: Government .oUthe
is ,
,omphatieally:a,zeVernment: 9 1 . written'
The statutes 'should ! Oeretere,, as
far as'precticatile, net on)y,be made acces•=,
sible to-all, but ire, eiPressed. in lanitirtge
go plain a:n ( l44oloas to" be understood by
all, nod arrikged breech method astOgiVe
perspicuity to 'Try a - object. Niny of the'
Stites have; - revised - their publie acre' with
great` and , Manifest benifit t= and 'I reeom;
,_mend that,provision be made bylaw for the
appointment of a commission: to revise We
puhlie..: statutes of •tho , United - States, , ar,
range thearin erlv.rsiniPPlYlng delleieFele;
correcting incongruities, simplifying - their
langiageouid reporting to Congress for its
. s •
An net Of.,Congreis appreved_Sl*Sep-•
tember,lBso, contained a provision for the
t extension cif-the Capitol, accordinglei suchl
plan might, be approved by the -Presi
dent,' and• uPPro rioted one hundritii , bou-
P ,
; Sand dollars - tii - be expended under - his di- I
!rection, by. such' architect as be ap
point„to. executethulsaike.,: On examining
Ithe various 'dal's which had been submit
}tea by different architects, 'pursuance of,
f an advertisement by a committee Of the
I Senate, no.one was foui.ti to be entirely sat-
I t isfactory, and it was therefore deemed ad
visable to - combine and adopt the adiatita-.
I
gea of several.
The great 'Object to be
to Make such an addition,Os would affi;rd
ample aid Convenient. halls for the delibe:
rations -of! the:: two,
, Eionses of Congress,
with sufficient aceomniodations for, specta
tors, and suitobloopartments for.the com
mittees and pfficers'of
,the two brimehes o(
the _Legislature.' 4wasolso,desirable not
to mar the, harmoi4 and ,healuty of . . the,
present 'stricture, - which, as a specimen .of'
architecture; is so tinivets.ally.admired.
Bl.tePing 'these iilijects in I
chide •to make the hileition 'by wings,' de
tached from timpreseiit building.yetoon-
Boded with , it'by. corredors..' This mode
of,i enlargement. , will Adave , the present
Capitol ,übinjured,, and •alford great advan-.
tosei,for , ventilatior, and tho ,admission of
light, and „will .enable the work to progress
without interrupting ; the _deliberations of
Congress. - ; ,
To carry this plan, into effect I lia`ve ap
.
pointed an expertenbed and - coinpetent:
atehiteet. The - veneer stone was . laid on
the 4th of .July lasi: With suitable ceremo
nies, since which: titne.tho work has adVin
ced with conimendable rapidity ; and the,
foundations of both- wings-are now nearly
complete. .
I again cominend to ynpr favornble - re.;
gard the interests ;of the District of .Co
lumbia, aniNcem it only necessary to re-:i
wins. you, that,. although its inhabitants,
have no voice. in.tho, choice of represents.-
' fives in Congress,' they are not-the less en
titled to a just and l libeyal Consideration in
your legislation. My opiniOns'on - this sub
ject-were more fully expressed, in' my last
annual communication. •
Other subjects _wore brought ' to the at
tention...of Cougress_in my last annual ines
(sage,_to which I would respectfully refer,
Butthere . was one! of . more than ordinary
interest, to :which I again invite your spe
cial attention. I allude-to the recommend.
ition for the appointment of a commission
to settle private claims against the United
SiaNs._ Justice to individuals as well as,'
to - Cho government, imperatively &Mends
that soinemore convenient and expeditious
mode than - an-appeal to Congress `should
be adopted. I •-
It is deeply to be regretted that in several
instances officers of the Government, in en..
(leavening to execute the law for the return
of fugitives from 'labor, havc been openly
resisted, and , tbeii eff,rts frustrated and
defeated by lawleds• arid violent mobs; that
in one case such 'resistance resulted in the
death of an estimable citizen, and in oth
ers serious injury ensued to thoSe officers
and to individuals who were using their en- I
deavors to-sustain the laws.- Prosecutions
have been instituted sitainst the alleged of.
fenders, so fir as*they could be identified,
and are still pending.. I - have regarded it
as my duty, in these cases, to give
. all aid
legally io my power to the enforcement-of
the laws, and I Shall cOutinue" to. do so
wherever and whenever their execution
may be resisted I
..1:110 act of Congress 'for a the return of
fugitives frcm labor is one required and de
manded ,-by the eipress.worels of the can
.
Atitution. - ' - ' .
The "Constitution - declares, '' That no
person held to service or labor in one State, 1
underlhe laws thereof, escaping, into ano-
ther..sball, in consequence n, of any-law or i
regulation therein; be diselarged from such
service or taper, but shall he delivered upi
on claim of the party to vilinm such serv
ice or labor may be .This constitu-.
tional pioyision is equally obliga.tory, up "nn'
the Legislature, the Executive, and Judi
cial Departments id` the'Povernment, and
upon every citizen of the United States. - '
Congress, however; must from neerislitY
first act upon the. subject; by 'prescribing
theroceeclings necessary to ascertain that
the person,is u fugitive; and= thrrmeans to.
Le used for bis restoration to the claimant.'
This was done by an act ppssed during the
first term of President Washiegton.which
was aneended : by that enacted by the last
CorigresS, and' it new remains :fee the Ex:
entire and ffudicial Departments to take
care that these' la.lva be , faithfully 'executed.
This injuinticin of the Constitution is as
peremptory unties binding ris any oilier; it
stands , exactly on the seine foundation as
that clause which ' , provides kr the returii
ef fugitives from justice, erithat which de
clares that-no bill of attainder ,or ex.:'post
facto law - shall lie passed, or -that, which,
prpvides for an,_equality, of-taxation; ac
cording to the - eensus, er the clause &Aar,
ing that all dutiei shall be through
out the Unites„ States, or' the important
that te trial Of all crimes shall be
by jury: These.sclveral tpiteles and'clans:
as -of the constitution,' all resting ory_the
same authority, must stand'or fait together.
Some objections:have been urged against
the details. of the act for the return of fu
gitives from labor; but it is. worthy of.re-.
mark that - the audit_ opposition is amied
against the, coli.stitUtien itself, and proceeds
from persons and classes _of persons, ininy
,of whom declare t6ir wish tosee that COD..
stitution overturned,' They_ avow their
hostility any' law:which, shall :gii . p. full.
and practical effect to this requirement of
the Conititution. .s`iittinately, the nut:Ober,
of these persons is 'comparatively small, and
is believed to be daily diminishing, but the
issue- which they Oesent. is;ono wbier in-.
valves the , ,supremsay. mid 43* the ; ezis.
tones of the Constitutien. -
.•
Cases have heretofore arisen whiohur
dividuals have denied tho:_bindingnuthority
of aota Congress, and, eveli'•etates
pfaposed each , aots, upon_ (ho
ground that the conitita,tion,*se di° su
preme law or the 100; and tpatio;os , ? - aeee
of,Congiess were ispagnint'to that' instru.;
mint; bat' milification 1s now ci iaed, not
so much- against iitirtieular lairs: as being "
inQonaistent7.‘ with'theeonatitution,
lead oak tolic tllaguised , Unit. a- spirit
exists and has„bOott actiiely- at '..work to
rend °sun ler this tfnion, which is our der.
ished inh !thence frctu our revolutl
ataxy'
fathers.
In my last annual message, I stetted that
I considered the series of measures, whi c h
bad been adopted at the-previons session,
in reference to tho agitation growing out of
the territorial, and slavery questions, a k. ,
final nettlement in principle and; substance
of the 'dangerous and ezeiting subjects
which they embraced; and Iyeeonunended
riclheninco in the 'adjustment.
.established
,by those measures, until time and erpe r i,
mice should demonstrate the necessity o r
further legislation to guard against eveg en
or ahise. roves riot induced to mak e 6 4
recommendation - because I thought !bozo
`riseastiiei p6rfect, for co linmani'legislatioa
cdri ba - perrect.':- • ' - -
Wide differences and jarring opinions
can Only be reconciled-by yielding nine.
thing on all Odes, and this 'milk had here •
reached after an angry, conflict of many
months, in 'lshii!) one part of the 'country
was arrayed against another,_and violet;
convulsion• seemed to be imminent. t oo k.
inn' at the interests of the Whole country,'
fell it to be my duty to seize upon this cone.
premise as the best•that could be obt a i n ,/
among conflicting interests,, and to heist
upon it, as n final settlement, to to adhered
to by all who value the peace and welfst e
of•the country.' • • •
- A - year has now elapsed since that reo
ommendation was Jnade. To that Teem.
mandation'l still adhere, and I congratulate
and the country npon the general acquits.
cenee in there measures of peace which his
been exhibited in all parts of the Repub.
,And not_only is there
,this general re
1 ?11
uieseence tliese measures, but the spirit
of conciliation , ' which has been rnaniitatel
is regaid to them if all parts of the nun!
try, has 4:entered doubts and uncertaintie
. the reirlds of thousands of good men con.
corning the durability of our popular
tutions, and gifen renewed assurance tltt
our, Liberty, and our
,onion may subsist to.
getherfor the benefit of this and all seem.
ding generations.
'MILLARD FILLMORE
Wsstitsciou, December 2, P5l.
Siiiei4o in Jail.
. i
Leicester Peter cot. fi ned in the jail d
Bradford County, ;barged with the murda.
of Entyttr -S., POMROY by stabbing biz
with a poeltet-knife. at Columbia X Ilna".;
on the evening of 20th of august lest, :Ed
1 awaiting trial at the present session dr.:
Court, coinfintted 'suicide on , Wedncsdty
morning last,by severing the femoral:nuy
in the left thigh, 'With a ease knife. Ir.
if Thomas gives us the following pain.
I leis :-- Ho was fotbd abeut 7 o'clock, b Ile
morning, lyinir in.'his ' bed, as if a,I,FT,
carefully covered . with no appearceet ii
havit:g ma'ele a single death struggle. 0 2
exatnination, be was found to be dead, tti
his bed -; completely saturated with Ikti
t Thiel:olio. blid been retained, and shard
upon the wall, with which he bed eat b
hone, tidying apparently held the mt.(
open with one hand until be Was sathli
that . the artery was divided.,
- .. He had first endeavored to bang hiud
with ropes manufactured from the shmi .
Obis bed. . - He bad been rennill4yee.l,
and collected in his mind - for Aural dim
and unuSitally cheerful at timmiand sttzt4
to be making every preparotioVer histri.2.
But instead of depending upon fallibbildp
ment of men, he has hastened to ticdb,
whdre the minutest secrets of the hurter
laid bare.. .
Ile had in his cell, pens, ielc, palm ri
1 lights, yet no niqnorandurn was fad,
1 whereby
,any conclusion cuuld.be ohm!
I relative to his reflections preVions to cao•
t mitting the fatal act. In his";vcst pia
was founds dimallicard, carefully foldviii
paper, on which was written in pencil-21
!Samuel, Vith chapter, 314 i verse," tri.il
, a Script
!refers to tne 'tt Of t are need at is
Ifuneral sermon of the unfortunate man, tea
1 whose; death he Was so intimately ram.
' ted.—Brad.Rcr.o . ;ter.'
I , 0
_ ,v. EALING ‘ll .1X ON Lti'TEßS.—te PcS
, Office tieparinicot is officially advised art
1 letters fey California, and other placeica
the coast of the Pardo ocean, frequedy
reach 'there with the.envelopes partly tris
toff, and the address mutilated, in ecur•
I quenee of tire irractiee of many mons il
using sealing wax on their envelopes. h
Ipaesing through the tropics The wax isir
' , variably melted so as to adhere to theist
tier benealli it, and causes the injui
'or destruction of-the address in seputil
the two.' The Postmasterlleneral furniehe
this information to thOpublic in the huh
that. the use of sealing-wax on letters, ad
other papers. for t hatAirection, 'mortals
1 entirely discontiimed.
.ftErllib_Whig's of' the' : UeitcJ SO
'Ttarilliaefotir Governors oti.t. the flap
One. ThOy had five . ilanston. 4
I'enolytranta; was defeated. 110 bri
frill itlie,' it. they go 'on - decrea .' ing it 119
rata;
rat6;befoto . tley have none? ' •
Four Whig Governor 4 nll is a COW ,
. Count 'on, 'and marl; 'em and let 'or ,
It lyotiO oe gell enotigli to bell thae
so, if it' is eipeoteti" that • they
country; tor-luny considerable
Th'dy ought g'et:loSE: 'dud then what 1C
'Whigion ?
Jitst four andino,moielL-Ritleigh. S.t .
,• - '
"The , ,energies • and hopes et 11 •'
Whigs mill be now turned to the roar
tion of the hero Scott to the next Presider
oy. He Our only: ho'pe—OUlt AN*
CRORY --- Defiance, Okla, Banner.
~Tbi4 reminds us ,Of 'the green.berel
land-luhtber, who wont to "seek his forme
on the 'briny deep. A storm 111'030—e i
ship . ivas about to aink---when our 0'
cio,ue friend, to inake bitnself safe, tiediir
seljfast to Tun' ANCLIOR 14-;-York Gaza:
_ .ocigT or A kilEslDEts,rx.—Tho expe l
per4innurn, to eaChlterson of the popultno:
Surtiortingthe President of the Uteio
States; by paying ,a salary, is one'nietb
a •ee'tit ;-orfoite-nititbs of a cent; or tee
Tattle; for the terra of four years"
Inuit thaionsoti why some don't care'
cent who its President.—Prori denre
- • •.Ba tt4
rumor rr
6 .
bee", engaged by certain ratoalls
to luenc,b Alto fires Beizehub't I T4
whte Wee &Feet fire annihilator, is 0.4
• •
rfopt}dailott le fact.. .•
11151