Independent Republican. (Montrose, Pa.) 1855-1926, July 07, 1859, Image 2
Po:, /oa'etieliaelit lePqbi,ie4l). CIRCULATION, 2232. C. F. REAP & If. 11.4 , RAZiER, EDITOIZS F. ff. RoomTkDO.RRES ' PONDING EDITOR 'MONTROSE, SUSQ. CO., PA. TiItiIiSDAY.JULY 7. :109. STATE TICKET. FOR AUDITOR GENERAT.,. TIIQMAS E. COCHItAN, OF• YORK coo-Frr. FOR SURVEYOR GENERAL, . WILLIAM- KEIM, ,OF its .cttusrs. tar For proceedings of the Partners' and Mechanics' Assbciation, of ~Brooklyp; see fourth page. s- rff!Weissue_thia .number of the Bepub• Bean considerably in, advance of its date, to enable all bands to.;_enjoi a. Fourth-Of-July holiday. - • Itgr A - bare on the fium,of Gilbert War, ney, Esq.,- near Montrose, wai struck by lightning, during the very severe 'thunder sboWer on Tuesday, jute 28th. Notsvith standir4 the torrents of rain falling, the barn 'was" soon consumed. - Fortunately, there was -not much in it of Value. 1=1:3 . ar We findlhis . pacagraph . : in the Last Atifontrose Demo c rat: " In order to give our printers, :s well as ourself, opportunity' for celelitating the 4th, We shall issue no paper next Week. As we printed 52 numbers last year, (no other coun try paper issues so soapy) we feel entitled to a brief rest." , We issued 52 dumber" of the Repuhn last year; ind.shall probably issue as 7 lnany this year, terhaps the Democrat considers ours a city paper- - Something on the War. Theri. is a tendency in the popular mica, often M s connect , the greatest events with - mean and trivial causes. The jest of courtier.,•or the glance of - e:.wonian,laas"been - assigned as the ground forarana'_which - have ; lingered through years, and have devastated nations. Thus history becomes a mingling of ' - '4irce anti tragecly,land stripped of all its dig nity is looked upon ass by-play of merely hornen pas.siota; tholig,h - even they ishti hale represented it only as:a play, and - twit, given its truth in a dramatii, form, have done bet ter than that, for the jeter - Of Shakspeare al ways makes hie exit-when the battle begins, and the Thersites of 'Homer is silenced in the opening 'of the Iliad, The war which has broken upon Europe furnishes an illustration of f our remark, for while somi..haver • , edit sa_summarily.as the verdict ofa come erVinguest with "cause unknersn," others hive sought its .explanation and judged its re ,-sult from the antecedents of inditiduals, the previous history of Count Cevour or Napole: otiillL There are secondary causes for it, affecting the condition and territory of States, which it is easy to trace. While Austria, :o prevent the union of - the allied armies, and thecarry lag nut of their designs during the delay ' of formal mediations and useless negotiations which were only the pretexts of-diplomacy to.gairi time, violated the peace of Europe by the occupation- of the Lomellipa, a step in which she incurred great moral loss without. any corresponding ritilitary gain ; the real origin of tilt war must be found in the ; pur poses of the . allies. It wain made probable to the student of recent, events, by the union in the Criinesn warof Sardinia with England, and France , which-Was obtained through the influence of thelatter ; and ivai:made obvi. °woo the world by the receptfon' of Baron Hubner by Napoleon !Ain January. Among these secondary causes which: are • incidental to its main principle, and are sub ordinate to that logic of events which is biinging ha leading idea to'a conclusion, it may be referred; on the l petrt of France, to a -- desire to wipe out the treaties of 1815, and by anew eomplicatiOn to place the peace of . Europe cis new basis; to secure a nation atl the loot of the Alpi and on the Inland Sea - which should be bound to her by ties of grat.:. ROL; to Initufe stability to the government ailatime,'ldirectingtmecessfully its energies . *braid to furnish a field On which the no . rioted spirit of France, always more : genet. orus.than any other, could do.work satisfying ttittaelft:on the part of Sardinia, to a hope Mgain a more commanding - position in. the *fairs at Italy, thereby securing those re forms which she had made in the Church and State, and freely going on in that industrial development which . has raised ber to her present posiGon ; to remove all danger which lus, hung over her from the nearness and am- i bition of Austria; to strengthen herself by a closer alliance with a people whose spirit was • More Like . her own:rind on the part of the Italia* people, an endeavor to rid themselves of that internal division and foreign *res.- I sion.whieh have been the obstacles through centuries to national unity ; to_ the growing discontent among the Lombards, Venetians, end Ate subjects of the Pope, occasioned by the "Very sight of a free government like Sar t • dinla ; and most of all to that -aspiration • *irttitth'bastisen consecrated4.by selfeacriftm, grid bas called to battle the , best blood of her for a free, united, rigenerate _But the prime and real muses of the - war niust be imegitt. &it-beyond these. It is not a war of conquest --- Freochmen do not seek fix: r saiandizement of territory, nor have their later ware been waged for that purpose. Thefiauld - matend sooner for ,_ & prMciple, WMM .Y ... ~ " ~ aa. =I to agree with 'a recent political writer, who atter a wide survey finds the spring of all her movements; 464 't whlithfillnislitublad bet national tempts t,in*thillint4r idea. Englishmen diffslikk to ...44.rehalid this, butit w ot4teded7eviti like Broughairi, WV; wig pulr~liti6tbd' pre variations that it is wearisome to read, ; sought to sustain the 'Waning power of the 'Derby Ministry. Nor is it a war of dynas tiei. The aim of the 'Napoleons has not been to build up a family, but to embody, an idea, and it is that alone which has constitut ed their success. And such a cotillict would not be waged upon such a field, nor with an appeal to natiaalities, which present to dy. nasties the direct antagonism.' It is idle to speak of the Europe of to-day waging a great dynastic war. Metternich is buried, and the treaties of 181.5 are the last which Europe is likely to see in the interest of reigning faro- But its issue involves more than the clang ing (if boundaries, and the fortunes of a film- Hy. Under date of January 10, even Maim!. bury could write from the Foreign office at Lendon to Cowley at Vienna of the corning contest, "It may begin as ,a conflict in which three monarchies are engaged, but looking' at the soil on which it will be waged, and the elements which it will contain, it must ex pand into a war of opinions, among which_ those of a Republican hhe will , not be the faintest " It is in the position of Austria that - the deeper causes of the war are to be sought.— For luring the recent period, while England has been the leader in the civilization of the World, opening India and China to her influ ence, and laying. abroad the foundation of colonies, which in turn are to become. endur ing States; while Prussia has been cultivat ing the best fruits of the Protestant spirit, and-striving after a German unity; while France has been subjecting ill her theories to a test within herself, in her form becom ing the truest expression of the French thought, and in.her power.tising to arbi: trament of Europe ;:whileßussia has been infusing into her muses a spirit of civiliza tion, and is übw occyPied 'with i movement for the fmancipation - of her serfs,- bring shame to us; Austria has been sehking to crush out every seed, whiCh thirevolutious of modern thought, have sow*. She stands as the representative of the governmental ideas of the middle age, so that of all the royal houses of Europe, thrhouse- of lisps burgh has held itself inost_alooffromthepe6- ple„ She has been the avowed supporter ut a hierarchy in the church-and a despotism the State. The evidence of the former is in the concordat, and of the latter in the. peo- ' ples which she has oppressed, and in a sub ject population,of thirty millions. Iler own . •ideal has been an empire, and not a nation. She has sought to imita4e Rome in that ex pansion which was-the source of her decline, and not in that unity which went before her strength. lier policy. bits been single and Constant in the - sustaining of reigning fami lies. Wherever a suffering people have-been contending against settled oppression, wher ever a noble principle has appeared battling against vested wrung; she has flung upo them the dark. shadow of those masses di different tongues which compose her armies. In all this has her antagonism to the Nnpule• onic ideas been direct; and a primary , cause of the war must be found tr. the conflict of those social and civil opinions, which Austria on the one hand, and France and Sardinia on the other represent. So Count Buoles,haugh lily as frankly could say- to England, ~that. "France sympathizes with nationalities, and Austria with tatuilies, sovereigntiea, and T ordre etablit" The latter refers to those treaties of 1815, which Malmsbury says ",an swer theiroriginal pirrpose," and which Der• by calls " the existinglaw of Europe," I .,that is, existing witiethe impoverishment, of • na tional treasiir s es, and law by the fotoe' of three million standing - baycrnets.- . But Gaunt Budl - here refers us to L another cliuse_oi the war in which it obtains its true dignity and rises to its highest issues. It is tosvindkate nationalities. The idea of a na tion is wrought into the framework of bunian society. Its elements are laid in the founds tioni of human life. It has an olganic rela tion to the process of human histOry. The political philosophy ,of the old Testament, which, though neglected by any age,will be found to be as Profouild as it. is vital, exhausts itself 'in the "expression of the reality and ob ligations of the nation. It follows after the family, and fur it through the long centuries whose histOry is thus•recordo, Judea was a ,witness. „ Henry James laid, and an Editor Of the tribune in quoting - the remark referred to lam as one of -the most profound of living thinkers, that there was in Europe an indiffer ence to lapsed nationalities. It was the thought rather, of a ruin Who seeks M disorganize so ciety, a summers-day visiolraiy who aims to keep dowa those social forms which are the expression of the Christian idea With the light of the present war cast bat* upon it, the falsity of the criticism is 'too apparent. For itl : this idea is centered' the spirit and power of the conflict. Becinise Austria has .violated nationalities, the- judgment .:Of war and defeat has come upon her. Not only has she trampled upon Hungary lind Italy, but it home glebes opposed that national unity which , haa been dearer than any other to the great German heart. It is that which since the time of - the Hohenstaufen :has inspired the thought of her schola, and' brought the noblest impulse to her polities. It- has emptied the benches of her universities to swell the ranki oilier armies, and her qui paibies,lave always responded ththes name which had for her sweeter natio than any other; the: 'tante of Fatherland. ' And to: that distiOality, Austria has been the ven erate ' &whet hatriyed it bile* ,Pro' Cessions, when they served her better Maxi open' acts. It could 'be Obtained either by government founded upon a confederation of states, or by a monarchy. And Kossuth said in his comprehensive. and - Ingenious ear vey-of her history, , his speech at the Leaden Tevecni shit to the Grit she I, the chief oh. x 4 anothr4eause of the War - is to be fiat g in the (Vision of parties jhi the Roman Chtikh. : .st4tre4bleb Ands jtrs: miin sup. por O n, ,''' -I 3 spiediith I tilt 'W* 4' in 4 11 0. 1: 1 0 1 ie 1' . 4(11 0 /r14 ' '" n .11 4 4 iga,,,4 l fleas . „‘_ . . 11441 , i4 t#' °M ined : , i... ' e l a cie4: .4k. . 'tifie spirit 'end inanitriat nevelt? 1,1 'it insists upon the temporal power iillitt; Pope,• which has been the source of greatest'abUses in the Italian states. And here it j; that :Austria shows what Archbishop Ifughes caltr her holy conservatisin,ber high spirit and cath olic feeling. Here she signs concordats. To this France and Sardinia have formed an;op posing, party. It is not dmilited than Napo leon 111 seeks either to remove tbs. tempo ral power of the Pope, and cut off those sec ular abust!!i! which have grpwn out of it, or ultimately to place the Church 'in France, being nationalized, upon the same basis. as that in England: Though :we may not hope for the latter: yet it. is the evident drift of "The Roman question, by About, which we can readily believe that Isl!poleon 111 has had an interest in circulating. It has certain. ly besn the desire of cultivated Frenchmen. And Sardinia in the heart of Italy has offered the largest freedom of worship. She has, as far as possible, made the Church property subservient to an industrial progress. She has removed Monks and Priests from those retreats, which with some aro the homes oT poetry and awe and devout sentiment, but in realty are the abodes of waste and idleness and vagabondage. But the depth and intem sity °fleeting which exists in the whole Ro lean Church, avert *ben remote from the real conflict, may be traced in the spirit of the war papers of 'Archbishop Hughes, .and in England in the zeal with which Caidinal Wise man icippeited the Derby Ministry. - ' And still another cause, Which.we do not. - hesitate to cite, is that of constitutional free dom. Napoleon 111, in his first proclamation, announces his'aim as the.liberation of Italy, and in his last proclamation to the Lombards,' which has produced-so Profound 'an impres sion upon Europe, he urges theta to profit 'by ,the opportunity Which is offered them . to obtai:h their; independence, to ,be to-day only soldiers that to-morrow- they may bs the free citizens of a great country. This is not the vueabulary of tyranny, nor arethese the words With which one 4yrant seeking to -supplant another, addresses a neighboring people having the spirit and resources of awl Italian.. And men who•linow its poWer so well as Napoleon 111, do not create a public opinion to 'disappoint it. They do nut raise ii.sitirit which like - the afrite owning out of the aleMbie of the alcheinist, they cannot lei -again. There are those whiShave denied tha 'freedom had any hope iu Chi; 'war, some-of whom will not believe,in any movelitcht for her support, unless it is ushered-hi with rev olutions, and banners, and wateliWords, 'and. the Marsellaise comes " blowing down the wind.".., They find more hope in the restless insurrections of Red Bepublicans than in th 4; steady endeavors of constitutional workers. The fruitless undertakings and rel.olutionary bulletins of Mazzini, they prefer to the sagac ious diplonaicy and prudent policy of C't'ivoilr. They forget, that national freedom is Inso upon national ,unity, that its-first-condition is a government, and that in Tt.q nature, it con ssigs of guaranties ti- 1 legitimate. action as well as checks against illegitimate Interferen.: ens, There are some aglow who have biied the same denial upon the antemsleutaOf those who are the leaders of the war:. The patriot ism of of Cavour they cannot impeach, nor is. there anything to indicate that lie has become the dupe of the designs, or the abettor orthe ambitions of "another. It is the previous course of Napoleon 111, which is made. the basis of the assertion. The unfortunate lyric of the poet Laureate is rehearsed to us. The old names of a= political gamester and a crowned perjurer are rpeatect... The pope tar charges that' he took possession of the government by a coup <V etal,,in violation o f his oath, and that be his silenced the freedom of the press, are' told over health But the justification Of circumstances is overlooked, for there is indisputable proof that the Legis lative Assembly designed on the day follow ing the co,upt - cl-etas of Napoleon 111, to take the whole-power into their own hands, by setting him aside, when again we Would have .had the reign of the many-headed Monster; and as to the silencing of the press,.anyone who is familiar witirthi' condition of - the State, and believed that anything could be gained by her order , must•concede its neces- Shy. History will do' junco to the man who says, and after his success hat - a•right to say, " If there be men who do not underitand their epoch,-I am not of.the number." Helashelieved in hi's destiny : it is what in another form is termed- a calling, and in ordinary life to anyone for whom life has a meaning, 13 a vocation. Nor has this been a merereference to chance and yielding to the casualties of life. For these heinost of all men has controlled. lie says himself, " Providence sometimes favors natidus at well as 'individuals, by giving them a sudden opportunity for greatness, but it is on condi tion that they knovi how to profit by it." It is thus a 'fidelity to his own ideal, and moulding of circumstances in harmony with the conception which he carries its himself. It is that which gives power, to every man who, acts with power upon those around him. 'And to it- . lliipaleon 11l has been faithful as well when tried by prosperity as adversity. 'When his future to the ordinary-eye was darkened with uncertainties, he rejected the offered crown of Portugal; and'again when for six years in the prime of life in the lon- , - rem of Ham, his purPose 'we* not broken.— The most careless (Miniver niust:be impress by.,the man who, whiloserviug as e 'Tee constable iu'LoMion, or waeileriug; about the streets of New York, nuuld . talk .4.ietiber- web , of his plans whet, he abuuld becuwe the ruler ofitrinee, and afterwinis liVe to 'exe. cute"r now his idea is . 'biconting relgiv;tl,..: In an age wf greatstatestneu, pone greater, alike hitbe.dipioniaey of the csbiuec sod die.strategy olltbe, field he bus risen to the mastery of Europe. • As to the results of the ivar- it is useless 10 speak when other elements; may yet be ire,' Liosiclusione it Is easy to peek 123=3E1 It isstrtain'that the judgineet which lowers oveci4kuatria'and the !louse flapsburg, is swift*al Are. Already her-ritionod:tregs ury hkembarrassed, she is thientetiodJhyiiii= end' internal disco*rompthey,ear, wloo.at I.lli!,out r s, ei of the war, she ,i)tasilost more than tiireelutttles, her%rillitaVy 'tent; and hei Lombard crown. It is certain that the national unity of the Italian people will betrougtitSiear toile ir~nstiiriaia~i ' io`ti, if not achieved. in certain coMplications of events, it may be hindered for a time. Rut we think it rests now wholly with the people themselves; and in-the spirit , Which , they !ewe shown may we not see the certain dawn:of the day -which Robert Browning foretold,and fur Which no one has looked more gladly than he, - • ' "When her hmg-pent fire, Like the golden hope of the world Springs [rota its sleep." Its for Hungary, to which our people have been drawn by a muse marked interest, it is difficult to speak. The changes. of a month may place her in a- new position: But our doubts betray oite hopes. 'rho relation of the Magyar to the surrounding races is peculiar. We sometimes question whether Hungary possesses the elementkof a nation ality; or whether even the sympathies of her people would respond to the call of Kossuth, For us, her historyto-day borrows its' chief interest from his relation to it. Ile seems to stand, in the fine parallel of Landor, for as an orator and as a patriot he also is as great, like the historic orator and patriot, who fur nished the last page to the record of his coun try's fame, and when the curtain fell upon the, drama the had acted,-with all his plans defeated and his hopes baffled, wentalone in fo the temple of Poseidon to shake hands with death. tirTt!e Phrenological and Water-Curt Journals, the well known._ popular period . icals published by Fowler and Wells, New York, both commence new volumes with their July- iumbers. These journals are published monthly, (each number contaiuing•six teen' large quarto pages.,) at one dollar a year each ; or both of them and Life Illustrated will be sent a year fur three dollars. For the hulepeuden! Republican, Teachers. FROST HOLLOW, June 30, 185% YOUNG AMERICA: Dear Sir:-Some weeks ago I, presumed to address a _ccmitnunicittion to the County Superintendent of Giromon Schools, - soliciting information in regard to the meaning and purpose- of Teachers' 'Cer tificates. Failing to receive an answer, I ad dressed him again, and set forth more fully the reasons fur making the request. Still failing.to get an answer, I wrote him the third time, stating that the information wan de sired, not so Inch for personal gratification RS for the inte_r4t- and benefit-of common school education. lam really surprised be informed by you, after so many weeks of slipense, that the reason qtr. Tewksbury did not' reply to my letters was because he feared that he might in sumo way suffer damage i he communicated the desired information.— "'Where art thou?' was a very simple and a very proper question; but i\dam .wie, 'afraid and dvent and hid himself, I liope guilty conseieuee did not &rive your Iriend into the bushes. "A flintily, formerly res;,lent in Montrose. cooked t , greens" fa. .:'truer. After they were played on the table. the father became suspicious of them, and =mired They colitaine.i .litoiething poisonous. In The family was a wt.- son named] Cur:, Mlt..V. as Stippci•A tee be slightly mentally deli: teht It was pro posed to let.Ciirt eat-some of the greens.atiel if they did not hurt him, then the father would dare to eat, When Itr. Tewksbury sees that-his Young America does not get killed, I presurn-efie,will pitch in. himself. I formerly supposed that certificates' were given only to person's qualified to teach'; but from the Superintendent's report I learned 'that they were given mainly to persons who wel* "uisqualifleV and "-unfit" to teuch.— This was so entirely.contraryto my ideas of the object Of certificates, that I wrote to' the Superintendent asking bin.' for what particu lar purpose the certificates were giveri..That he might More fully understand the'diffieulty under which I was laboring, I -explained the matter in this : If a teacher presents himself before a hoard of 'trustees asks • r ' employnienf on the strength of one of your certificates, there is only one chance in seven That he is "qualified," and against this one chance in seven that rte is qualified there are three chances that , he is it unlit" You have takilt the liberty to pronounce this explana tion "a specious misstatement of the sub. jest." My c;ilculation was made upon the figures in the following extract from Mr. Tewksbury's Report : "Grade of Teachers. lit Class, qualified, 50. 2d do., medium, • 180. 341 do., unfit, MO." You Will perceive, that eeytilicates were given to two.hundred and twenty who were not qualified, one hundred and forty 'of 'them being unfit. Since you have been so utiOn• crone as to question my honor and veracity, you will do me the justice-to figure .that up and point out the errors in my calculation. TIM tell me the reason that one hundred, and eighty teachers who are not quali/icd,and one hundred and forty more who are unfit,. find ready etnployment in Susquehanna coun ty, (Mr. Tewksbury thinks it k compliment to the intelligence of the people,) is hecause that the wages they receive will not secure the services of qsalifird teachers. Do yOu not believe that every one Of the unqkaTified and every one of the unfit were hired' by trustees who thought as-1 did, that a certifi cate indicated that the holder was qualified to hitch, and who thought, as I did, thatno kind .f certificate was given to the unqualified, and much less to the unfit if so, would 'if not be well to have a correct idea of the val ue and purpOse of certificates prevailing thro' the county 1 It is stated that the low wages. paid to teachers secure:aim services of the "unfit," and drives the "qualified" out of the county in quest of higher wages. Do you not be lieve-that the indiscriminate-competition , be tween the " qualified," the " unqualified," and the 4 ' unfit," has _it tendency to reduce the amount of teachers' wages, and - thus drive away all the "Au/tidied 1" , If so, would it not be better to givecertifirmce to thelttetil ified 'and never to thp unfit f There is soinetitinh about certifulttes I can not Understand. It:swans strange to me that they •shiaild" be given to persons not qualified; and it seems.partieelarly strange that they shoild iie!given i any,, who nit) • unlii to 'teach. If it Will have a tendency to ii,jure Mr.-Uwklibusirtu have the matter explain ed, I will not persist An , my-.,inquiries, but will let the whole subjext Test here. Perhaps Iny;inquiries have beep' impertinent and un ,tatited for. If Tewksbury and his friends-will plekse pardok tuo,: and set, the -often down to Any,igner.iltuah am co the in. OM* 1 /eel JP. the Ouse 4 common, 1 49 0 1 edwal,4oa, To*, fault, , • PATiA . . Letters of A. , ptanee from lan% Coch , Aran aml Heim. ~;-. ' -.i . .' YueK,Jime.,lB;ll, 1859. itfi: ; ..john . ,metnif; .rosepyCiarrEteort; and T . , 1:, H. Seltfotr, E t., (lommitter of Peoples' 2 -AateNoittqatioisl--» 1 , ~.: , rte -'• 5,.,. - Osten - i , - , -I:„lutik this ,dity ticeived in'tirlctte'V tin] die lath ilst.- - ; in Whidi you 4 advise me of my nominatio as a candidate for the office' of Auditor General by. ;the State Convention _which, met at Ilarrisburg on the C onve n tion hest. I beg ' leave, through you, to express to the gentlemen who composed that Convention My grateful neknowledgements for this proof of their ainfulence, and in ac cepting the nomination which they have con , ferted7ieke Occasion to - .! ; iiiklw my earnest agreement with there in their declarations of prineipleia64l in'their etpreasiona Of opinlint' on measures lof Public policy. Should . the people of the State ratify the nomination of the Convention by a majority :of their cuff' rages, I shall labor so to discharge the conse quent official duties which will devolve upon me, that myi political friends shall.not ll...dis appointed- hi the selmtion which they have made of a eandilate, and the puillii: interests shall suffer no detriment - front having been entrusted to my care. I am, Gentlemen, Very Respectfully, Your Friend and Obedient Servant, Tttome E. el;CliltAN. , READINO, June 20,.. 1859, GENTLEMEN :-I received your favor of the 17th inst. , dunveying to me the official - ImM'. cation of. my unaninibus nomination fir the office of Surveyor General by the People's Convention, assembled at Harrisburg on the Bth of June. / thank you for this evidence of your regard as the representative of the people and ; the high honor conferred upon me, as the twin standard-bearer in a cause which calla tort!) our warmest aspirations.— The good feeling and unanimity of purpose evinced by, the Convention, are at onco favor able auituries and a true reflex of the popu lar sentiment. .It behooves us, as advocates of human progress, to give_ our unfaltering support to! the principles enunciated by the Convention, ninny of which I sustained by my voice and votes in'the hulls of Congress, and all of which 1 approve.. Let the motto be, " The Union of all good men for the good of the Union ," to insure a glorious and last ing victory. YOur,s, very truly, W. 11. KEHL. .TO John 4. Pomeroy„Jtseph Garretson, had John If. Seltzer, Esq's., Conernitke, • Greeley at the Pike's Peak lines We" ex tr act the following from one of Hot. :ace Greeley's letters to the Tribune, dated at "Gregory's Diggings, Mthe Rocky Mimi:- tains," dune 9, 1859: "This narrow N alley is densely wooded, mainly, with the inevitable Yellow tine; which sheltered from the fierce winds ivhich sweep the mountain•tops,here grows to a bight of sixty Or eighty feet, though usually but a loot to eighteen inches in diameter. Of these pines. 4)1 , cabins arc constructed with - ex. treme fa Pity, and probably tunflunfdred are now being built, while three or fur hundred more are in intniedlate contemplation. They are cove ed with green boughs of the pines, then wit I earth, and bid fair to be comutodi ous and f txunfortable. As yet, the entire populatinn of the .val I ey —whith can nottiu m • ber Jess than four thousand, including live white winnen and seven squaws living with 'while men—sleep in tents, or tinder booths of pine ;boughs, cooking and eating in the open airs Idoubt that there is as yet a table or chair in these diggings, eating teeing don, around I cloth spread •011 ,the gr.natd, whit( •In.h on sits or reelines- on mother earth The feo , like that of the Plains, is restricted to a fo v staples-1 3 , ,, rk. -Dot Bread, Beans, - le d c‘,l A -el: , rilln,g the •thilnA .exitit-ivr dirt ~f t i l e tlirioritair.; but. a trien•-•itori has' just been esPitilOird. on v‘ 11024 e alt sr are offered up the 1 1-tied and well-whipped oxen who are just-iii from a fifty days' journey across the Plahts,huld one or'two cows have been driv en in, its retire w0u1,,1 he if they cduld here subsist. But. theselinountains- are mainly , wooded,,While the-open hill-si4 tire so dry duritig"Summ,er that their grass:- is very scan ty. It is melancholy to see sry many over : worked and half-stirred cattle as one meets .-ir passes in this ravine and on the way hith er. Corn - ih five dollars per bushel in Den ver, and scarce at that ; Oats are not to be had ; there is; a tun of - has :within two hundred miles, and none can' eVeir he brought hither over the present road at a ctost; : below $4O per tun. The present : shift of humane owners is to herd their oxenor mules on the I 'rich grass of the nearest prairies for a week or so,Jetting them-subsist on hroise and a very little grass, and then send, them dow ‘ n to the mountain again. This, as- bad as kis, seeems the best that can be done. Living of 'all!' kinds : will always, be dear at these mines, where American *tom- is now selling at the rate of $44 per.. barrel, and Bacon is worth 50 cents per pound -„sugar ditto. I presume less than half (he fink or five thousand °people in this -ravine, have been here'ti'-week ; hewho lhati been here three weeks is regarded as quite an old settler. The influx cannot: fall short "of five hundee'd I per day, balanced by an-efflux of abeut one,' I hundred. Many of the latter go away con vinced that -lioell 'Mountain gold-mining is , one grand humbug. Some of, them 'have ' prospected two or three weeks,- eating up their-pro Visions, wearing out' their boots— and finding nothing. Others have worked for the-more fortunate for *1 per day and their board'and Itxlgipsteertainly not, very high wages when the quality, ofliving-is con sidered. Andi feel certain-that, while some --Lperbaps many-4ill .realize their dreams of wealth here,-a far greater number will ex 'pefid their scanty means, tax their power of endurance, and then l eave, soured, heart-sick, spirit-broken. Twenty. thousand peeple will have rushed into this ravine before the let of September, while Ido not see how half of them are to find profitable employment here. Unless, therefore, the- area 'of the diggings -meantime be greatly enlarged—of which there is no assurance—l cannot imagine bow half the number is to subsist here, even up to that early setting in of-Winter ti•hiejli must cause a general of mining, and con sequently of all nocity Mountain industry. With the gold just wrested from the earth still glittering ip my eyes—and' one et - erupt-- ay hes taken nut to-day, nt a cost efnot more than 425, a lump ("tlldimsed by the use of quick-silver) which looks like a steel:yard poise and Is estimated as worth $4lO-1. ad: here to my long-settled-eonviction that, next to 'outright and indisputable gambling, the -hardest (though some times the quickest) .way to obtain gold Is to mine for it—that a good farmer or meehenle will usually make money 'faster by sticking to hitt Own :business than by des - erting it • for gold-digging---;•and that Amman Who:having failed in some uth erlptirsuit, ealenlatei; on retrieving his for. tuns by •gold-mining, makes a Mistake which he' Ibe likely -tit rue to the end ()This dap." , • ' • ' If Iluelnintinfresolaili to: submit' hie nii ne to the Marlestdri Convention, be alit' Initng the same kind -of a recominen4initm . . chg. 41,...50n of - Erin once did.---"'PaddSt, l- do `4t know.gow. to Min V' said 'a traveler to titt," Rhediin" of a: jitentipti car.—"Sitie I do ; wstaXit I that ,uttset yo ur Wiwi 'ln `n dltelt, two yetintivr. - - •. 1 =====!E IATEST*FROM UROPE, NEWS ; -.lt • Nara hatrlal Troops taXater 100,000 More Freuth Xrildierr Cull ed For. - _ SACKVILLE, June 29.--The R. M. steam. ship Arabia, left. Liverpool at 10:30, a. m., of the 1 th inst. Thruhia reports: having paised ,inne i 18th, A ierican ships,' Sea King and: Mi. ,verse,.cittptig the 11Ifersey. Same day,, at 8:30, E:o m., off the Isle of Mari, Pissed Amer: lean ship, Wm. Rathburne. • - . • The steamship City of Baltimore reached Livel-pool at 3, p. m., of the 15th inst.. The following are'some additional. paiticu lars of the news by the Arabia: General Gyulai Lid been ouperseded in the command of the second Austrian ormy by General Schlicht. ' The Austrians report that General D'Ur bau bad repulsed Garibaldi, and that the lat ter was at Brescia. Additional-Auatrian troops were moving toward Italy, and the Emperor Napoleon had denianded an additional 100,000 men to be siege their fortresses. The Austrians,'it was said, were preparing at Mantua to engage with the Allies. The mobilization of the Prussian army, with the additional hostile attitude of Ger many, had treated great uneasiness. Kossuth pas3ed through France, en route to Italy. Prince Napoleon's corps had commenced moving. It was reported the Austrians had entered the Vette ►►ine.' The British Parliament had assembled, but Lord Palmerston had postponed the an nouncement of his programme. ~ . The Paris Bourse was much depressed. ' • The War. • A telegram from Vienna IGth, says that Gen. Count Schlick had taken command ,pf the second army Instead - of Gen. Gyuldi, and that the French had establiShed a depot of Antwari, on the Albahian coast, and disem barked large quantities of gold coin there. 'The la.st accounts from' Napoleon's head quarters say he was concentrating his forces in order to attack the Austrians with an overwhchnireg force; and it was believed in Paris that a.decisive battle wouldjbe fought in The course of a week. .Tbefvllowing bulletins had been received vis Turin : Ttutp.:, Austrians are retreat: lug front the Oglio, and the Allied armies continue to advance. Austrian corps d' armee which had left Ancona for Pessaro were being directed, to ward the lower Po to be joined to the troops in the provinces of Venice. Modena still Bream . 'la are free. The nu merous municipalities of the Romagna had pronounced for the national. cause. '.l.'he Allied army passed the Strict on the 13th, marching toward- he River Oglio.— Their advanced guard is atOodcoaglio.. Garibaldi was at Brescia on the 12th, •and appeared to be retiring to . Arzinovi.. • The division of Gen, a , li.rfian alone sits. Wi le d a fight at Custinodolo with Garibaldi's bands, which,'althougli - amounting to 4,000 men with four pieces of cannon, was repulsed by the Austrians. :The Otheial Austrian correapondenee -says that the or. , anipition for the defence of the Tyrolese territory WY- - ; . progrissing. Sever al itoinranie% had ;.heeti already drawt. mill others were get tint! in readiness. 'File mountain passes- Wot't• &I occupied, Gariimildi's curie, is represented as becom ing daily more formidable. it Was thrcatkly leg the Southetit Tyrol, where the, people were getting Atrettiely impatient of Aui3 . tri'an ,rule. The French fleet in the Adriatic have ri;- ceived powerful reenfOrcements., and 'it wiei expected a landing would shortly be attempt ed between Venice and Trieste. The first detachment of siege flotilla had-left Toulon fur the Adriatic. 'lt is"; a.sserted that -the 1? tench were- about to occupy Ancona. :DIE Next GOyERNOIL—Among the names suggested ii.br the next Governor of Pennsyl vania, we notice that of Hon. Ed. Ga 74011 ,, of Pittsburgh. The West claiming the Gov ernor, we know of no one whom we would. more cheerfully support than the. Doctor. He made an excellent Senator—and our per. sonal acquaintance warrants us la saying he would make an excellent executive offices., Few men, we are certain, possess more ad. ministrative abilities, or are better acquaint. ed with the Govern Mental afftirs of the Conn inonwealth.--:Berkr anpaly Pres". ' The above extract from ati.,Eitsfent paper impliedly admits the right of the West for the next candidate.for governor. This fact being adthitted; vie' should be careful to pit forth men free from exception. 'We do' not design, at this early day,26.commit. the Joni ndtto any candidate, but we have no doubt the ex- Senator from this district. entitled to the flattering compliment contained lif thi? . .above extract. The 5,000 majority which Allegany can give, 'ought to entitle her to this nomination.—Pillsburgh - jar The Cincinnati Times commends to those of its readers who wish to be amused, a perusal of the proceedings 'of the recent Democratic Convention, in ,Columbus. The platform constructed by that assemblage, it *lnsiders a political curiosity. "One line is Buchanan—one resolution and the nekt and-Administration—and the whole an admirable political chessleard,.,on which either player can give a pawn and tike a-king without trouble.. it was evidently the design to make the platform broad enough to allow every - stripe - of . Democrat to find —a plank.in it, and "stout enough to bear all. the .political-iniquities of the par/y." The Cleveland Herald says the ticket nom inated at this Convention is of the Giraffe or der, " tall in front and sloping WI suddenly behind," Mr., Allen, who brings.up, or rath er fails to bring up, the rear, is Dept. U. S. Marshal, and served as ,a juror in the Bush nell Mlle at the seine time. The, Democracy seem to be in for a judicial fight--having a judge at the head and a constirole at the tail of their State ticket. • A GALLANT I l AitTy.—The Sham Dumpers ey having admitted its want of mirage 'to defend the rights 'of naturalized citizens when assailed by F.uropean delpoiisms of first:rate preterisiuns, we may look out fur repriNilq rit the espeme_of some of the petty Itep'.d.bikiS of.(Aultral (1r Routh AtliPriCa. Whether the President, and tt9iterul Cass, withhis broken *wins], will undertake any`thing tile as a:Greytkiwn war, ronlains tO be .seeli", but that 'some petty .chieC inflated with his own important:o_ln : palcie'e;' - will have t to isifferose,e.anurt, doubt.' _pemociat le ".istatestneit," ewer like ate 'Wig) soundly drubbed the election, swore he would not stay whipped, and threatened to go hconoand. whip his wife. pr. it is - reported 'that Don ' nett, - of Ohio, is to take charge of the Aratideet Ere, mid tat it 1011% s orgin of Gov,VONts. KOSSUTH, EN ROUTE' FOR_ITALY. . Obligations ofiattiralized Citizeni to the Country of titeirilirti-A Case in Prance: The' recent letter (fifSecretary Cass on the obligations of naturalized citizens in ease of voluntarily returning to the_country of their " birth ; has naturally attracted ;tech attention. There have been var.ous'enstances in more. than one of the German States; and , paitieu. lady in Prii.oii,*as the readers of the Ex press have Seen, whole naturalized citizens who have voluntarily returned within the ju risdiction of those States have been compel led to serve their regular tenn_or rnilituiy duty, and all remonstrances on thetiart ..of the United States have proved unavailing to procure their release. A. owe, however, tie- curred in France. in 1852, ju l which the at tempt was successfully resisted, through-the firm an d . decided stand 'Aug by John L. llcidge, Esq., the American "Cluniut, at. Mar seilles._ The ease-is one directly in point, raid is of in the present state of the ques tion, as furnishing a ,nricedent in, this, rho first, and we believe' the only instance in which the rule was attempted lb be enforced in .Vrance. . Arancis Allibert, a native_ of the Depart, merit de-Var, in the SUntli of France, left there during the drawing of the conscription in 1839, and was actually-drawn a's a cou -script, and was therefore au ecl&epe.de la con. scriplion. lie arrived tt. New Orleans, . made the usual . applicittiob for — citizenship, ~ and was duly naturalized in 1845. lie was successful in business in Louisiana, and in Ju ly 1852, after an, absence of nearly fourteen years, he returned to visit his family in his native village, and under the vigilant police in France he was arrested in twenty-four hours after his return. Ire -immediately - wrote to Mr. I - Lege as - the nearest Amer!, ,- can consul ; the atter, that he Might the bift! ter - attend to the case immediately requested that Mr. Allibert might be'brought to Mar seilles; which request was promptly acceded to by the General* in Chief eoinmanding the military division. lie was there brought be fore the Tribunal de Guerra as an Inseumis, and condemned. Mr. Allibert was willing to pay 4000 francs flit a substitute, but Mr. Hodge would not allow film even to make the oar; but obtained a rehearing of the case, appeared in person before the. Tribunal de Guerre, and pleaded the case ; and after two trials and a detention Ulla months, he was acknowledged an Arnericiii citiren„ and or deri came - front the Minister of War at Par b4, directing his releaie. Mr. Ilodge gave him a passport which was vise by the Police, and with which remained some weeks with his family, traveled through France, and embarked at llavre on his return to the United States. The correspondence on filtin llte• Depart ment of State gies. the fullYdetails of the case, and Mr.' Everett, the Secretary of State under Mr. Fillmore, inn the third of March, 1853, (the last !lay he was in office,) wrote a Complimentary letter to Mr. Bodge, in which he says : "The Department was gratified. to leant that Ili. Allibert, whose arrest and imprison ment as au insow,ais, although a naturalized citizen of the United States, as Mentioned in your conununiotttions, has been released.— This is undoubtedly due to_the„firm and AC. cided stand nuiintaine4 throughout - the long controversy in your' officia correspondence with the authorities on:the subject. "It is much he desired that this 'case may be considered as a precedent, as you in timate, and that hereafter naturalized citizens the United States may visit Ermine with. att danger of arrest fur military service. In .this event a fruitful source of irritation and unfriendly teeling will be.avoided."-,--N. Y. Erpres4. • Hostr.srzan RILL—One of the most important reQo:titions adopted at the Hama burg Convention June Stb, was that in fa vor of a Humeatemi 'uill secering ib actual settlers a homestead of 160 acres „61 the pufr lie lands. The Republican party of the State and nation -am warmly 'lb favor of this meas ure ; and the filet, that it ia a popular,me.wire is already leading locofoco editors into claim ing, hypocritically, that it embraces .one of the cherished principlei of the democratic party ! in the; last Congress, under the spirited lead of Mr. Grow, Of this State, ri Homestead bill passed the Huuke. A few democrats vo ted fur if. ; but the bulk of the democratic strength was cast against it; wale every Re publican vote was, given forand secured its passage. • ' • •i 7 On reaching the Senate, _the 'bill was dis cussed a short time, when one of the demo cratic leaders moved to lay it on the table. The vote on this measure was a tie ; every Republican Senator voted no, while all the ayes were democrats; and the casting vote to favor of laying it on Mc, table was yiveu 6y Vice President _Breckiniitlge. The dein ocnstio partris than responsible for its defe'at. The few,dernOcnits who voted with the Re publicansin Its favor were constrained to do so by an overwhelming "public opinion at home, and being thus compelled to act sgaist their party, their deed is not to be set 'down to-the credit of the party whose lead they.; e. lasted, The Homestead Bill is a measure of the utmost importandi, t97the free laboring TTlngi mof the North. It is a 'measure calculated to relieve the wide-spreauL calatdities of our working-population, ‘beneficint appropria lion, which costs the Government almost nothing, and is of incalculable benefit to the people; and yet we find it thrust asidanto/4 Ly Democratic votes , to make - room for the swindling schemes of lobby adventurers, and hungry maws of political speculators with the corrupt • treasures of this Govern': mend If the ,people desire its sums, as we ,feel assured they do: they will. look in van? for it'while the lothofooo party is retained 2 n power.—Pittsburgh Gazette. - ' saiRIaTIANN" IN Ertetsen.—Der . ing the Kansas excitement,•the English 'par nals'copied With great piste, the sneers, Pa'; •Criticiama-which appeared in Southern and Northern rs . newspape, against " the Rine Christians`" of Connecticut. they alseended theif own comments upon the; interference c,r American clergymen iu political matters- - But since the war, England changes her note. At Richmond, the-vicar, the !;Ttiv. Mr. .Du prees, attended a rifle Meeting, and seccsded the resolution. declaring it " expedient to form a rile eorpa at once." `.At C a mbridge, the Rev. Mr. Emery attended the tit's' tar get drill of the riOt,eorps there, and it so stated that he had writterito - Msjer ; genera. eta „ ; 'director ,cif the School of Muskittry 'si ilytbin requesting hint to send one of hiqs pils to instruct the Cambridge IN- i tps. Reading, Rev. T. X.. roihery, Ch - sidJiv "' the llishOp of ttaird, Was the mover.el th. resolution declaring it to he desirable ich.o • a rifle corps 'for that borough.. Univetsity of Osfoid, st,Cougregat''' wa holden to repeal, provisionally, t he Aga prohibiting thestudents bearing ,arms or ar longing to military ~core, p aniee.'• 1 10 ° but a few , instanceN ont , of matiy,%cf the ze3 a the English clergy lit'tia, rifle cense. Tro, ly, in a literal sense, the Church E.,° 11 land, no*, Yiehitieh milittnkr Pa it! 441.*11)4Y-114:*-calloid Rificiawistiass. f ar Nearly $1,300 were paid for tht acrid expenses of the late Poetmeder el Brown, without color, of !or, The le!' Wlii 611111YeetiPtId.'