Po:, /oa'etieliaelit lePqbi,ie4l).
CIRCULATION, 2232.
C. F. REAP & If. 11.4 , RAZiER, EDITOIZS
F. ff. RoomTkDO.RRES ' PONDING EDITOR
'MONTROSE, SUSQ. CO., PA.
TiItiIiSDAY.JULY 7. :109.
STATE TICKET.
FOR AUDITOR GENERAT.,.
TIIQMAS E. COCHItAN,
OF• YORK coo-Frr.
FOR SURVEYOR GENERAL,
.
WILLIAM- KEIM,
,OF its .cttusrs.
tar For proceedings of the Partners' and
Mechanics' Assbciation, of ~Brooklyp; see
fourth page. s-
rff!Weissue_thia .number of the Bepub•
Bean considerably in, advance of its date, to
enable all bands to.;_enjoi a. Fourth-Of-July
holiday. - •
Itgr A - bare on the fium,of Gilbert War,
ney, Esq.,- near Montrose, wai struck by
lightning, during the very severe 'thunder
sboWer on Tuesday, jute 28th. Notsvith
standir4 the torrents of rain falling, the barn
'was" soon consumed. - Fortunately, there was
-not much in it of Value.
1=1:3
.
ar We findlhis . pacagraph . : in the Last
Atifontrose Demo c rat:
" In order to give our printers, :s well as
ourself, opportunity' for celelitating the 4th,
We shall issue no paper next Week. As we
printed 52 numbers last year, (no other coun
try paper issues so soapy) we feel entitled to
a brief rest." ,
We issued 52 dumber" of the Repuhn
last year; ind.shall probably issue as 7 lnany
this year, terhaps the Democrat considers
ours a city paper- -
Something on the War.
Theri. is a tendency in the popular mica,
often M s connect , the greatest events with
- mean and trivial causes. The jest of
courtier.,•or the glance of - e:.wonian,laas"been
- assigned as the ground forarana'_which - have
; lingered through years, and have devastated
nations. Thus history becomes a mingling of
' - '4irce anti tragecly,land stripped of all its dig
nity is looked upon ass by-play of merely
hornen pas.siota; tholig,h - even they ishti hale
represented it only as:a play, and - twit, given
its truth in a dramatii, form, have done bet
ter than that, for the jeter - Of Shakspeare al
ways makes hie exit-when the battle begins,
and the Thersites of 'Homer is silenced in
the opening 'of the Iliad, The war which has
broken upon Europe furnishes an illustration
of f our remark, for while somi..haver
• ,
edit sa_summarily.as the verdict ofa come
erVinguest with "cause unknersn," others
hive sought its .explanation and judged its re
,-sult from the antecedents of inditiduals, the
previous history of Count Cevour or Napole:
otiillL
There are secondary causes for it, affecting
the condition and territory of States, which it
is easy to trace. While Austria, :o prevent
the union of - the allied armies, and thecarry
lag nut of their designs during the delay ' of
formal mediations and useless negotiations
which were only the pretexts of-diplomacy
to.gairi time, violated the peace of Europe
by the occupation- of the Lomellipa, a step in
which she incurred great moral loss without.
any corresponding ritilitary gain ; the real
origin of tilt war must be found in the ; pur
poses of the . allies. It wain made probable
to the student of recent, events, by the union
in the Criinesn warof Sardinia with England,
and France , which-Was obtained through the
influence of thelatter ; and ivai:made obvi.
°woo the world by the receptfon' of Baron
Hubner by Napoleon !Ain January.
Among these secondary causes which: are
• incidental to its main principle, and are sub
ordinate to that logic of events which is
biinging ha leading idea to'a conclusion, it
may be referred; on the l petrt of France, to a
-- desire to wipe out the treaties of 1815, and
by anew eomplicatiOn to place the peace of
. Europe cis new basis; to secure a nation atl
the loot of the Alpi and on the Inland Sea
- which should be bound to her by ties of grat.:.
ROL; to Initufe stability to the government
ailatime,'ldirectingtmecessfully its energies
. *braid to furnish a field On which the no
. rioted spirit of France, always more : genet.
orus.than any other, could do.work satisfying
ttittaelft:on the part of Sardinia, to a hope
Mgain a more commanding - position in. the
*fairs at Italy, thereby securing those re
forms which she had made in the Church and
State, and freely going on in that industrial
development which . has raised ber to her
present posiGon ; to remove all danger which
lus, hung over her from the nearness and am- i
bition of Austria; to strengthen herself by a
closer alliance with a people whose spirit was
• More Like . her own:rind on the part of the
Italia* people, an endeavor to rid themselves
of that internal division and foreign *res.- I
sion.whieh have been the obstacles through
centuries to national unity ; to_ the growing
discontent among the Lombards, Venetians,
end Ate subjects of the Pope, occasioned by
the "Very sight of a free government like Sar
t
• dinla ; and most of all to that -aspiration
• *irttitth'bastisen consecrated4.by selfeacriftm,
grid bas called to battle the , best blood of her
for a free, united, rigenerate
_But the prime and real muses of the - war
niust be imegitt. &it-beyond these. It is not
a war of conquest --- Freochmen do not seek
fix: r saiandizement of territory, nor have
their later ware been waged for that purpose.
Thefiauld - matend sooner for ,_ & prMciple,
WMM
.Y ...
~ " ~ aa.
=I
to agree with 'a recent political writer, who
atter a wide survey finds the spring of all her
movements; 464 't whlithfillnislitublad bet
national tempts t,in*thillint4r idea.
Englishmen diffslikk to ...44.rehalid
this, butit w ot4teded7eviti
like Broughairi, WV; wig pulr~liti6tbd' pre
variations that it is wearisome to read,
; sought to sustain the 'Waning power of the
'Derby Ministry. Nor is it a war of dynas
tiei. The aim of the 'Napoleons has not
been to build up a family, but to embody, an
idea, and it is that alone which has constitut
ed their success. And such a cotillict would
not be waged upon such a field, nor with an
appeal to natiaalities, which present to dy.
nasties the direct antagonism.' It is idle to
speak of the Europe of to-day waging a great
dynastic war. Metternich is buried, and the
treaties of 181.5 are the last which Europe is
likely to see in the interest of reigning faro-
But its issue involves more than the clang
ing (if boundaries, and the fortunes of a film-
Hy. Under date of January 10, even Maim!.
bury could write from the Foreign office at
Lendon to Cowley at Vienna of the corning
contest, "It may begin as
,a conflict in which
three monarchies are engaged, but looking'
at the soil on which it will be waged, and the
elements which it will contain, it must ex
pand into a war of opinions, among which_
those of a Republican hhe will , not be the
faintest "
It is in the position of Austria that - the
deeper causes of the war are to be sought.—
For luring the recent period, while England
has been the leader in the civilization of the
World, opening India and China to her influ
ence, and laying. abroad the foundation of
colonies, which in turn are to become. endur
ing States; while Prussia has been cultivat
ing the best fruits of the Protestant spirit,
and-striving after a German unity; while
France has been subjecting ill her theories
to a test within herself, in her form becom
ing the truest expression of the French
thought, and in.her power.tising to arbi:
trament of Europe ;:whileßussia has been
infusing into her muses a spirit of civiliza
tion, and is übw occyPied 'with i movement
for the fmancipation - of her serfs,-
bring shame to us; Austria has been sehking
to crush out every seed, whiCh thirevolutious
of modern thought, have sow*. She stands
as the representative of the governmental
ideas of the middle age, so that of all the
royal houses of Europe, thrhouse- of lisps
burgh has held itself inost_alooffromthepe6-
ple„ She has been the avowed supporter ut
a hierarchy in the church-and a despotism
the State. The evidence of the former is in
the concordat, and of the latter in the. peo- '
ples which she has oppressed, and in a sub
ject population,of thirty millions. Iler own .
•ideal has been an empire, and not a nation.
She has sought to imita4e Rome in that ex
pansion which was-the source of her decline,
and not in that unity which went before her
strength. lier policy. bits been single and
Constant in the - sustaining of reigning fami
lies. Wherever a suffering people have-been
contending against settled oppression, wher
ever a noble principle has appeared battling
against vested wrung; she has flung upo
them the dark. shadow of those masses di
different tongues which compose her armies.
In all this has her antagonism to the Nnpule•
onic ideas been direct; and a primary , cause
of the war must be found tr. the conflict of
those social and civil opinions, which Austria
on the one hand, and France and Sardinia on
the other represent. So Count Buoles,haugh
lily as frankly could say- to England, ~that.
"France sympathizes with nationalities, and
Austria with tatuilies, sovereigntiea, and
T ordre etablit" The latter refers to those
treaties of 1815, which Malmsbury says ",an
swer theiroriginal pirrpose," and which Der•
by calls " the existinglaw of Europe," I .,that
is, existing witiethe impoverishment, of • na
tional treasiir s es, and law by the fotoe' of
three million standing - baycrnets.- .
But Gaunt Budl - here refers us to
L another
cliuse_oi the war in which it obtains its true
dignity and rises to its highest issues. It is
tosvindkate nationalities. The idea of a na
tion is wrought into the framework of bunian
society. Its elements are laid in the founds
tioni of human life. It has an olganic rela
tion to the process of human histOry. The
political philosophy ,of the old Testament,
which, though neglected by any age,will be
found to be as Profouild as it. is vital, exhausts
itself 'in the "expression of the reality and ob
ligations of the nation. It follows after the
family, and fur it through the long centuries
whose histOry is thus•recordo, Judea was a
,witness. „
Henry James laid, and an Editor Of the
tribune in quoting - the remark referred to
lam as one of -the most profound of living
thinkers, that there was in Europe an indiffer
ence to lapsed nationalities. It was the thought
rather, of a ruin Who seeks M disorganize so
ciety, a summers-day visiolraiy who aims to
keep dowa those social forms which are the
expression of the Christian idea With the
light of the present war cast bat* upon it,
the falsity of the criticism is 'too apparent.
For itl : this idea is centered' the spirit and
power of the conflict. Becinise Austria has
.violated nationalities, the- judgment
.:Of war
and defeat has come upon her. Not only has
she trampled upon Hungary lind Italy, but
it home glebes opposed that national unity
which , haa been dearer than any other to the
great German heart. It is that which since
the time of - the Hohenstaufen :has inspired
the thought of her schola, and' brought the
noblest impulse to her polities. It- has
emptied the benches of her universities to
swell the ranki oilier armies, and her qui
paibies,lave always responded ththes name
which had for her sweeter natio than any
other; the: 'tante of Fatherland. ' And to:
that distiOality, Austria has been the
ven
erate ' &whet hatriyed it bile* ,Pro'
Cessions, when they served her better Maxi
open' acts. It could 'be Obtained either by
government founded upon a confederation of
states, or by a monarchy. And Kossuth
said in his comprehensive. and - Ingenious ear
vey-of her history, , his speech at the Leaden
Tevecni shit to the Grit she I, the chief oh.
x 4 anothr4eause of the War - is to be
fiat g in the (Vision of parties jhi the Roman
Chtikh. :
.st4tre4bleb Ands jtrs: miin sup.
por O n,
,''' -I 3 spiediith I tilt 'W* 4'
in 4 11 0. 1: 1 0 1
ie 1' . 4(11 0 /r14 ' '" n .11 4
4
iga,,,4 l fleas
. „‘_ . . 11441 , i4 t#' °M ined : , i... ' e l a cie4: .4k. .
'tifie spirit 'end inanitriat nevelt? 1,1 'it
insists upon the temporal power iillitt; Pope,•
which has been the source of greatest'abUses
in the Italian states. And here it j; that
:Austria shows what Archbishop Ifughes caltr
her holy conservatisin,ber high spirit and cath
olic feeling. Here she signs concordats. To
this France and Sardinia have formed an;op
posing, party. It is not dmilited than Napo
leon 111 seeks either to remove tbs. tempo
ral power of the Pope, and cut off those sec
ular abust!!i! which have grpwn out of it, or
ultimately to place the Church 'in France,
being nationalized, upon the same basis. as
that in England: Though :we may not hope
for the latter: yet it. is the evident drift of
"The Roman question, by About, which we
can readily believe that Isl!poleon 111 has
had an interest in circulating. It has certain.
ly besn the desire of cultivated Frenchmen.
And Sardinia in the heart of Italy has offered
the largest freedom of worship. She has, as
far as possible, made the Church property
subservient to an industrial progress. She
has removed Monks and Priests from those
retreats, which with some aro the homes oT
poetry and awe and devout sentiment, but in
realty are the abodes of waste and idleness
and vagabondage. But the depth and intem
sity °fleeting which exists in the whole Ro
lean Church, avert *ben remote from the real
conflict, may be traced in the spirit of the
war papers of 'Archbishop Hughes, .and in
England in the zeal with which Caidinal Wise
man icippeited the Derby Ministry. - '
And still another cause, Which.we do not.
- hesitate to cite, is that of constitutional free
dom. Napoleon 111, in his first proclamation,
announces his'aim as the.liberation of Italy,
and in his last proclamation to the Lombards,'
which has produced-so Profound 'an impres
sion upon Europe, he urges theta to profit
'by ,the opportunity Which is offered them .
to obtai:h their; independence, to ,be to-day
only soldiers that to-morrow- they may bs
the free citizens of a great country. This is
not the vueabulary of tyranny, nor arethese
the words With which one 4yrant seeking to
-supplant another, addresses a neighboring
people having the spirit and resources of awl
Italian.. And men who•linow its poWer so
well as Napoleon 111, do not create a public
opinion to 'disappoint it. They do nut raise
ii.sitirit which like - the afrite owning out of
the aleMbie of the alcheinist, they cannot lei
-again. There are those whiShave denied tha
'freedom had any hope iu Chi; 'war, some-of
whom will not believe,in any movelitcht for
her support, unless it is ushered-hi with rev
olutions, and banners, and wateliWords, 'and.
the Marsellaise comes " blowing down the
wind.".., They find more hope in the restless
insurrections of Red Bepublicans than in th 4;
steady endeavors of constitutional workers.
The fruitless undertakings and rel.olutionary
bulletins of Mazzini, they prefer to the sagac
ious diplonaicy and prudent policy of C't'ivoilr.
They forget, that national freedom is Inso
upon national ,unity, that its-first-condition is
a government, and that in Tt.q nature, it con
ssigs of guaranties ti- 1 legitimate. action as
well as checks against illegitimate Interferen.:
ens, There are some aglow who have biied
the same denial upon the antemsleutaOf those
who are the leaders of the war:. The patriot
ism of of Cavour they cannot impeach, nor is.
there anything to indicate that lie has become
the dupe of the designs, or the abettor orthe
ambitions of "another. It is the previous
course of Napoleon 111, which is made. the
basis of the assertion. The unfortunate lyric
of the poet Laureate is rehearsed to us. The
old names of a= political gamester and a
crowned perjurer are rpeatect... The pope
tar charges that' he took possession of the
government by a coup <V etal,,in violation o f
his oath, and that be his silenced the freedom
of the press, are' told over health But the
justification Of circumstances is overlooked,
for there is indisputable proof that the Legis
lative Assembly designed on the day follow
ing the co,upt - cl-etas of Napoleon 111, to take
the whole-power into their own hands, by
setting him aside, when again we Would have
.had the reign of the many-headed Monster;
and as to the silencing of the press,.anyone
who is familiar witirthi' condition of - the
State, and believed that anything could be
gained by her order , must•concede its neces-
Shy. History will do' junco to the man
who says, and after his success hat - a•right to
say, " If there be men who do not underitand
their epoch,-I am not of.the number."
Helashelieved in hi's destiny : it is what
in another form is termed- a calling, and in
ordinary life to anyone for whom life has a
meaning, 13 a vocation. Nor has this been
a merereference to chance and yielding to
the casualties of life. For these heinost of
all men has controlled. lie says himself,
" Providence sometimes favors natidus at
well as 'individuals, by giving them a sudden
opportunity for greatness, but it is on condi
tion that they knovi how to profit by it." It
is thus a 'fidelity to his own ideal, and
moulding of circumstances in harmony with
the conception which he carries its himself. It
is that which gives power, to every man who,
acts with power upon those around him. 'And
to it- . lliipaleon 11l has been faithful as well
when tried by prosperity as adversity. 'When
his future to the ordinary-eye was darkened
with uncertainties, he rejected the offered
crown of Portugal; and'again when
for six years in the prime of life in the lon- ,
- rem of Ham, his purPose 'we* not broken.—
The most careless (Miniver niust:be impress
by.,the man who, whiloserviug as e 'Tee
constable iu'LoMion, or waeileriug; about
the streets of New York, nuuld . talk .4.ietiber-
web , of his plans whet, he abuuld becuwe the
ruler ofitrinee, and afterwinis liVe to 'exe.
cute"r now his idea is . 'biconting
relgiv;tl,..: In an age wf greatstatestneu, pone
greater, alike hitbe.dipioniaey of the csbiuec
sod die.strategy olltbe, field he bus risen to
the mastery of Europe.
• As to the results of the ivar- it is useless
10 speak when other elements; may yet be ire,'
Liosiclusione it Is easy to peek
123=3E1
It isstrtain'that the judgineet which lowers
oveci4kuatria'and the !louse flapsburg, is
swift*al Are. Already her-ritionod:tregs
ury hkembarrassed, she is thientetiodJhyiiii=
end' internal disco*rompthey,ear,
wloo.at I.lli!,out r s, ei of the war, she ,i)tasilost
more than tiireelutttles, her%rillitaVy 'tent;
and hei Lombard crown. It is certain that
the national unity of the Italian people
will betrougtitSiear toile ir~nstiiriaia~i '
io`ti, if
not achieved. in certain coMplications of
events, it may be hindered for a time. Rut
we think it rests now wholly with the people
themselves; and in-the spirit , Which , they !ewe
shown may we not see the certain dawn:of
the day -which Robert Browning foretold,and
fur Which no one has looked more gladly
than he, - •
' "When her hmg-pent fire,
Like the golden hope of the world
Springs [rota its sleep."
Its for Hungary, to which our people have
been drawn by a muse marked interest, it is
difficult to speak. The changes. of a month
may place her in a- new position: But our
doubts betray oite hopes. 'rho relation of
the Magyar to the surrounding races is
peculiar. We sometimes question whether
Hungary possesses the elementkof a nation
ality; or whether even the sympathies of her
people would respond to the call of Kossuth,
For us, her historyto-day borrows its' chief
interest from his relation to it. Ile seems to
stand, in the fine parallel of Landor, for as
an orator and as a patriot he also is as great,
like the historic orator and patriot, who fur
nished the last page to the record of his coun
try's fame, and when the curtain fell upon
the, drama the had acted,-with all his plans
defeated and his hopes baffled, wentalone in
fo the temple of Poseidon to shake hands
with death.
tirTt!e Phrenological and Water-Curt Journals,
the well known._ popular period . icals published by
Fowler and Wells, New York, both commence new
volumes with their July- iumbers. These journals
are published monthly, (each number contaiuing•six
teen' large quarto pages.,) at one dollar a year each ;
or both of them and Life Illustrated will be sent a
year fur three dollars.
For the hulepeuden! Republican,
Teachers.
FROST HOLLOW, June 30, 185%
YOUNG AMERICA: Dear Sir:-Some weeks
ago I, presumed to address a _ccmitnunicittion
to the County Superintendent of Giromon
Schools, - soliciting information in regard to
the meaning and purpose- of Teachers' 'Cer
tificates. Failing to receive an answer, I ad
dressed him again, and set forth more fully
the reasons fur making the request. Still
failing.to get an answer, I wrote him the third
time, stating that the information wan de
sired, not so Inch for personal gratification
RS for the inte_r4t- and benefit-of common
school education. lam really surprised
be informed by you, after so many weeks of
slipense, that the reason qtr. Tewksbury did
not' reply to my letters was because he feared
that he might in sumo way suffer damage i
he communicated the desired information.—
"'Where art thou?' was a very simple and
a very proper question; but i\dam .wie,
'afraid and dvent and hid himself, I liope
guilty conseieuee did not &rive your Iriend
into the bushes.
"A flintily, formerly res;,lent in Montrose.
cooked t , greens" fa. .:'truer. After they
were played on the table. the father became
suspicious of them, and =mired They colitaine.i
.litoiething poisonous. In The family was a
wt.- son named] Cur:, Mlt..V. as Stippci•A tee
be slightly mentally deli: teht It was pro
posed to let.Ciirt eat-some of the greens.atiel
if they did not hurt him, then the father
would dare to eat, When Itr. Tewksbury
sees that-his Young America does not get
killed, I presurn-efie,will pitch in. himself.
I formerly supposed that certificates' were
given only to person's qualified to teach'; but
from the Superintendent's report I learned
'that they were given mainly to persons who
wel* "uisqualifleV and "-unfit" to teuch.—
This was so entirely.contraryto my ideas of
the object Of certificates, that I wrote to' the
Superintendent asking bin.' for what particu
lar purpose the certificates were giveri..That
he might More fully understand the'diffieulty
under which I was laboring, I -explained the
matter in this : If a teacher presents
himself before a hoard of 'trustees asks
• r
' employnienf on the strength of one of your
certificates, there is only one chance in seven
That he is "qualified," and against this one
chance in seven that rte is qualified there are
three chances that , he is it unlit" You have
takilt the liberty to pronounce this explana
tion "a specious misstatement of the sub.
jest." My c;ilculation was made upon the
figures in the following extract from Mr.
Tewksbury's Report :
"Grade of Teachers. lit Class, qualified,
50. 2d do., medium, • 180. 341 do., unfit,
MO."
You Will perceive, that eeytilicates were
given to two.hundred and twenty who were
not qualified, one hundred and forty 'of 'them
being unfit. Since you have been so utiOn•
crone as to question my honor and veracity,
you will do me the justice-to figure .that up
and point out the errors in my calculation.
TIM tell me the reason that one hundred,
and eighty teachers who are not quali/icd,and
one hundred and forty more who are unfit,.
find ready etnployment in Susquehanna coun
ty, (Mr. Tewksbury thinks it k compliment
to the intelligence of the people,) is hecause
that the wages they receive will not secure
the services of qsalifird teachers. Do yOu
not believe that every one Of the unqkaTified
and every one of the unfit were hired' by
trustees who thought as-1 did, that a certifi
cate indicated that the holder was qualified to
hitch, and who thought, as I did, thatno kind
.f certificate was given to the unqualified,
and much less to the unfit if so, would 'if
not be well to have a correct idea of the val
ue and purpOse of certificates prevailing thro'
the county 1
It is stated that the low wages. paid to
teachers secure:aim services of the "unfit,"
and drives the "qualified" out of the county
in quest of higher wages. Do you not be
lieve-that the indiscriminate-competition , be
tween the " qualified," the " unqualified," and
the 4 ' unfit," has _it tendency to reduce the
amount of teachers' wages, and - thus drive
away all the "Au/tidied 1" , If so, would it
not be better to givecertifirmce to thelttetil
ified 'and never to thp unfit f
There is soinetitinh about certifulttes I can
not Understand. It:swans strange to me that
they •shiaild" be given to persons not qualified;
and it seems.partieelarly strange that they
shoild iie!given i any,, who nit) • unlii to
'teach. If it Will have a tendency to ii,jure
Mr.-Uwklibusirtu have the matter explain
ed, I will not persist An , my-.,inquiries, but
will let the whole subjext Test here. Perhaps
Iny;inquiries have beep' impertinent and un
,tatited for. If Tewksbury and his
friends-will plekse pardok tuo,: and set, the
-often down to Any,igner.iltuah am co the in.
OM* 1 /eel JP. the Ouse 4 common, 1 49 0 1
edwal,4oa, To*, fault, ,
• PATiA
. .
Letters of A. , ptanee from lan% Coch
, Aran aml Heim.
~;-. '
-.i . .' YueK,Jime.,lB;ll, 1859.
itfi: ;
..john . ,metnif; .rosepyCiarrEteort; and
T . , 1:, H. Seltfotr, E t., (lommitter of Peoples'
2 -AateNoittqatioisl--» 1 ,
~.: , rte -'•
5,.,. - Osten - i , - , -I:„lutik this ,dity ticeived
in'tirlctte'V tin] die lath ilst.- - ; in Whidi you
4
advise me of my nominatio as a candidate
for the office' of Auditor General by. ;the
State Convention _which, met at Ilarrisburg
on the C onve n tion
hest. I beg ' leave, through you, to
express to the gentlemen who composed that
Convention My grateful neknowledgements
for this proof of their ainfulence, and in ac
cepting the nomination which they have con
, ferted7ieke Occasion to - .! ; iiiklw my earnest
agreement with there in their declarations of
prineipleia64l in'their etpreasiona Of opinlint'
on measures lof Public policy. Should . the
people of the State ratify the nomination of
the Convention by a majority :of their cuff'
rages, I shall labor so to discharge the conse
quent official duties which will devolve upon
me, that myi political friends shall.not ll...dis
appointed- hi the selmtion which they have
made of a eandilate, and the puillii: interests
shall suffer no detriment - front having been
entrusted to my care.
I am, Gentlemen, Very Respectfully,
Your Friend and Obedient Servant,
Tttome E. el;CliltAN.
, READINO, June 20,.. 1859,
GENTLEMEN :-I received your favor of the
17th inst. , dunveying to me the official - ImM'.
cation of. my unaninibus nomination fir the
office of Surveyor General by the People's
Convention, assembled at Harrisburg on the
Bth of June. / thank you for this evidence
of your regard as the representative of the
people and ; the high honor conferred upon
me, as the twin standard-bearer in a cause
which calla tort!) our warmest aspirations.—
The good feeling and unanimity of purpose
evinced by, the Convention, are at onco favor
able auituries and a true reflex of the popu
lar sentiment. .It behooves us, as advocates
of human progress, to give_ our unfaltering
support to! the principles enunciated by the
Convention, ninny of which I sustained by
my voice and votes in'the hulls of Congress,
and all of which 1 approve.. Let the motto
be, " The Union of all good men for the good
of the Union ," to insure a glorious and last
ing victory.
YOur,s, very truly,
W. 11. KEHL.
.TO John 4. Pomeroy„Jtseph Garretson, had
John If. Seltzer, Esq's., Conernitke, •
Greeley at the Pike's Peak lines
We" ex tr act the following from one of Hot.
:ace Greeley's letters to the Tribune, dated
at "Gregory's Diggings, Mthe Rocky Mimi:-
tains," dune 9, 1859:
"This narrow N alley is densely wooded,
mainly, with the inevitable Yellow tine;
which sheltered from the fierce winds ivhich
sweep the mountain•tops,here grows to a bight
of sixty Or eighty feet, though usually but a
loot to eighteen inches in diameter. Of these
pines. 4)1 , cabins arc constructed with - ex.
treme fa Pity, and probably tunflunfdred are
now being built, while three or fur hundred
more are in intniedlate contemplation. They
are cove ed with green boughs of the pines,
then wit I earth, and bid fair to be comutodi
ous and f txunfortable. As yet, the entire
populatinn of the .val I ey —whith can nottiu m •
ber Jess than four thousand, including live
white winnen and seven squaws living with
'while men—sleep in tents, or tinder booths
of pine ;boughs, cooking and eating in the
open airs Idoubt that there is as yet a table
or chair in these diggings, eating teeing don,
around I cloth spread •011 ,the gr.natd, whit(
•In.h on sits or reelines- on mother earth
The feo , like that of the Plains, is restricted
to a fo v staples-1 3 , ,, rk. -Dot Bread, Beans,
- le d c‘,l A -el: , rilln,g the •thilnA .exitit-ivr dirt
~f t i l e tlirioritair.; but. a trien•-•itori has' just
been esPitilOird. on v‘ 11024 e alt sr are offered
up the 1 1-tied and well-whipped oxen who are
just-iii from a fifty days' journey across the
Plahts,huld one or'two cows have been driv
en in, its retire w0u1,,1 he if they cduld here
subsist. But. theselinountains- are mainly ,
wooded,,While the-open hill-si4 tire so dry
duritig"Summ,er that their grass:- is very scan
ty. It is melancholy to see sry many over :
worked and half-stirred cattle as one meets
.-ir passes in this ravine and on the way hith
er. Corn - ih five dollars per bushel in Den
ver, and scarce at that ; Oats are not to be
had ; there is; a tun of - has :within two
hundred miles, and none can' eVeir he brought
hither over the present road at a ctost; : below
$4O per tun. The present : shift of humane
owners is to herd their oxenor mules on the I
'rich grass of the nearest prairies for a week
or so,Jetting them-subsist on hroise and a
very little grass, and then send, them dow ‘ n
to the mountain again. This, as- bad as kis,
seeems the best that can be done. Living
of 'all!' kinds : will always, be dear at these
mines, where American *tom- is now selling
at the rate of $44 per.. barrel, and Bacon is
worth 50 cents per pound -„sugar ditto.
I presume less than half (he fink or five
thousand °people in this -ravine, have been
here'ti'-week ; hewho lhati been here three
weeks is regarded as quite an old settler.
The influx cannot: fall short "of five hundee'd I
per day, balanced by an-efflux of abeut one,'
I hundred. Many of the latter go away con
vinced that -lioell 'Mountain gold-mining is
, one grand humbug. Some of, them 'have
'
prospected two or three weeks,- eating up
their-pro Visions, wearing out' their boots—
and finding nothing. Others have worked
for the-more fortunate for *1 per day and
their board'and Itxlgipsteertainly not, very
high wages when the quality, ofliving-is con
sidered. Andi feel certain-that, while some
--Lperbaps many-4ill .realize their dreams
of wealth here,-a far greater number will ex
'pefid their scanty means, tax their power of
endurance, and then l eave, soured, heart-sick,
spirit-broken. Twenty. thousand peeple will
have rushed into this ravine before the let of
September, while Ido not see how half of
them are to find profitable employment here.
Unless, therefore, the- area 'of the diggings
-meantime be greatly enlarged—of which
there is no assurance—l cannot imagine bow
half the number is to subsist here, even up
to that early setting in of-Winter ti•hiejli must
cause a general of mining, and con
sequently of all nocity Mountain industry.
With the gold just wrested from the earth
still glittering ip my eyes—and' one et - erupt--
ay hes taken nut to-day, nt a cost efnot more
than 425, a lump ("tlldimsed by the use of
quick-silver) which looks like a steel:yard
poise and Is estimated as worth $4lO-1. ad:
here to my long-settled-eonviction that, next
to 'outright and indisputable gambling, the
-hardest (though some times the quickest)
.way to obtain gold Is to mine for it—that a
good farmer or meehenle will usually make
money 'faster by sticking to hitt Own :business
than by des - erting it • for gold-digging---;•and
that Amman Who:having failed in some uth
erlptirsuit, ealenlatei; on retrieving his for.
tuns by •gold-mining, makes a Mistake which
he' Ibe likely -tit rue to the end ()This dap."
, •
' • ' If Iluelnintinfresolaili to: submit' hie
nii ne to the Marlestdri Convention, be alit'
Initng the same kind -of a recominen4initm .
. chg. 41,...50n of - Erin once did.---"'PaddSt, l- do
`4t know.gow. to Min V' said 'a traveler to
titt," Rhediin" of a: jitentipti car.—"Sitie I
do ; wstaXit I that ,uttset yo ur Wiwi 'ln `n
dltelt, two yetintivr. - - •.
1
=====!E
IATEST*FROM UROPE,
NEWS
; -.lt •
Nara hatrlal Troops taXater
100,000 More Freuth Xrildierr
Cull
ed For. - _
SACKVILLE, June 29.--The R. M. steam.
ship Arabia, left. Liverpool at 10:30, a. m.,
of the 1 th inst.
Thruhia reports: having paised ,inne i
18th, A ierican ships,' Sea King and: Mi.
,verse,.cittptig the 11Ifersey. Same day,, at
8:30, E:o m., off the Isle of Mari, Pissed Amer:
lean ship, Wm. Rathburne. • - . •
The steamship City of Baltimore reached
Livel-pool at 3, p. m., of the 15th inst..
The following are'some additional. paiticu
lars of the news by the Arabia:
General Gyulai Lid been ouperseded in
the command of the second Austrian ormy
by General Schlicht. '
The Austrians report that General D'Ur
bau bad repulsed Garibaldi, and that the lat
ter was at Brescia.
Additional-Auatrian troops were moving
toward Italy, and the Emperor Napoleon had
denianded an additional 100,000 men to be
siege their fortresses.
The Austrians,'it was said, were preparing
at Mantua to engage with the Allies.
The mobilization of the Prussian army,
with the additional hostile attitude of Ger
many, had treated great uneasiness.
Kossuth pas3ed through France, en route
to Italy.
Prince Napoleon's corps had commenced
moving.
It was reported the Austrians had entered
the Vette ►►ine.'
The British Parliament had assembled, but
Lord Palmerston had postponed the an
nouncement of his programme. ~ .
The Paris Bourse was much depressed.
' •
The War. •
A telegram from Vienna IGth, says that
Gen. Count Schlick had taken command
,pf
the second army Instead - of Gen. Gyuldi, and
that the French had establiShed a depot of
Antwari, on the Albahian coast, and disem
barked large quantities of gold coin there.
'The la.st accounts from' Napoleon's head
quarters say he was concentrating his forces
in order to attack the Austrians with an
overwhchnireg force; and it was believed in
Paris that a.decisive battle wouldjbe fought
in The course of a week.
.Tbefvllowing bulletins had been received
vis Turin :
Ttutp.:, Austrians are retreat:
lug front the Oglio, and the Allied armies
continue to advance.
Austrian corps d' armee which had left
Ancona for Pessaro were being directed, to
ward the lower Po to be joined to the troops
in the provinces of Venice.
Modena still Bream . 'la are free. The nu
merous municipalities of the Romagna had
pronounced for the national. cause.
'.l.'he Allied army passed the Strict on the
13th, marching toward- he River Oglio.—
Their advanced guard is atOodcoaglio..
Garibaldi was at Brescia on the 12th, •and
appeared to be retiring to . Arzinovi.. •
The division of Gen, a , li.rfian alone sits.
Wi le d a fight at Custinodolo with Garibaldi's
bands, which,'althougli - amounting to 4,000
men with four pieces of cannon, was repulsed
by the Austrians.
:The Otheial Austrian correapondenee -says
that the or. , anipition for the defence of the
Tyrolese territory WY- - ; . progrissing. Sever
al itoinranie% had ;.heeti already drawt.
mill others were get tint! in readiness. 'File
mountain passes- Wot't• &I occupied,
Gariimildi's curie, is represented as becom
ing daily more formidable. it Was thrcatkly
leg the Southetit Tyrol, where the, people
were getting Atrettiely impatient of Aui3
.
tri'an ,rule.
The French fleet in the Adriatic have ri;-
ceived powerful reenfOrcements., and 'it wiei
expected a landing would shortly be attempt
ed between Venice and Trieste. The first
detachment of siege flotilla had-left Toulon
fur the Adriatic. 'lt is"; a.sserted that -the
1? tench were- about to occupy Ancona.
:DIE Next GOyERNOIL—Among the names
suggested ii.br the next Governor of Pennsyl
vania, we notice that of Hon. Ed. Ga 74011 ,,
of Pittsburgh. The West claiming the Gov
ernor, we know of no one whom we would.
more cheerfully support than the. Doctor.
He made an excellent Senator—and our per.
sonal acquaintance warrants us la saying he
would make an excellent executive offices.,
Few men, we are certain, possess more ad.
ministrative abilities, or are better acquaint.
ed with the Govern Mental afftirs of the Conn
inonwealth.--:Berkr anpaly Pres". '
The above extract from ati.,Eitsfent paper
impliedly admits the right of the West for
the next candidate.for governor. This fact
being adthitted; vie' should be careful to pit
forth men free from exception. 'We do' not
design, at this early day,26.commit. the Joni
ndtto any candidate, but we have no doubt
the ex- Senator from this district. entitled
to the flattering compliment contained lif thi? .
.above extract. The 5,000 majority which
Allegany can give, 'ought to entitle her to
this nomination.—Pillsburgh
- jar The Cincinnati Times commends to
those of its readers who wish to be amused,
a perusal of the proceedings 'of the recent
Democratic Convention, in ,Columbus. The
platform constructed by that assemblage, it
*lnsiders a political curiosity. "One line is
Buchanan—one resolution
and the nekt and-Administration—and the
whole an admirable political chessleard,.,on
which either player can give a pawn and tike
a-king without trouble.. it was evidently the
design to make the platform broad enough to
allow every - stripe - of . Democrat to find —a
plank.in it, and "stout enough to bear all. the
.political-iniquities of the par/y."
The Cleveland Herald says the ticket nom
inated at this Convention is of the Giraffe or
der, " tall in front and sloping WI suddenly
behind," Mr., Allen, who brings.up, or rath
er fails to bring up, the rear, is Dept. U. S.
Marshal, and served as
,a juror in the Bush
nell Mlle at the seine time. The, Democracy
seem to be in for a judicial fight--having a
judge at the head and a constirole at the tail
of their State ticket. •
A GALLANT I l AitTy.—The Sham Dumpers
ey having admitted its want of mirage 'to
defend the rights 'of naturalized citizens when
assailed by F.uropean delpoiisms of first:rate
preterisiuns, we may look out fur repriNilq rit
the espeme_of some of the petty Itep'.d.bikiS
of.(Aultral (1r Routh AtliPriCa. Whether the
President, and tt9iterul Cass, withhis broken
*wins], will undertake any`thing
tile as a:Greytkiwn war, ronlains tO be .seeli",
but that 'some petty .chieC inflated with his
own important:o_ln : palcie'e;' - will
have t to isifferose,e.anurt, doubt.' _pemociat
le ".istatestneit," ewer like ate 'Wig)
soundly drubbed the election, swore
he would not stay whipped, and threatened
to go hconoand. whip his wife.
pr. it is - reported 'that Don ' nett, - of
Ohio, is to take charge of the Aratideet Ere,
mid tat it 1011% s orgin of Gov,VONts.
KOSSUTH, EN ROUTE' FOR_ITALY.
.
Obligations ofiattiralized Citizeni to the
Country of titeirilirti-A Case in Prance:
The' recent letter (fifSecretary Cass on the
obligations of naturalized citizens in ease of
voluntarily returning to the_country of their "
birth ; has naturally attracted ;tech attention.
There have been var.ous'enstances in more.
than one of the German States; and , paitieu.
lady in Prii.oii,*as the readers of the Ex
press have Seen, whole naturalized citizens
who have voluntarily returned within the ju
risdiction of those States have been compel
led to serve their regular tenn_or rnilituiy
duty, and all remonstrances on thetiart ..of
the United States have proved unavailing to
procure their release. A. owe, however, tie-
curred in France. in 1852, ju l which the at
tempt was successfully resisted, through-the
firm an d
. decided stand 'Aug by John L.
llcidge, Esq., the American "Cluniut, at. Mar
seilles._
The ease-is one directly in point, raid is of
in the present state of the ques
tion, as furnishing a
,nricedent in, this, rho
first, and we believe' the only instance in
which the rule was attempted lb be enforced
in .Vrance. .
Arancis Allibert, a native_ of the Depart,
merit de-Var, in the SUntli of France, left
there during the drawing of the conscription
in 1839, and was actually-drawn a's a cou
-script, and was therefore au ecl&epe.de la con.
scriplion. lie arrived tt. New Orleans, .
made the usual . applicittiob for — citizenship, ~
and was duly naturalized in 1845. lie was
successful in business in Louisiana, and in Ju
ly 1852, after an, absence of nearly fourteen
years, he returned to visit his family in his
native village, and under the vigilant police
in France he was arrested in twenty-four
hours after his return. Ire -immediately
- wrote to Mr. I - Lege as - the nearest Amer!, ,-
can consul ; the atter, that he Might the bift!
ter - attend to the case immediately requested
that Mr. Allibert might be'brought to Mar
seilles; which request was promptly acceded
to by the General* in Chief eoinmanding the
military division. lie was there brought be
fore the Tribunal de Guerra as an Inseumis,
and condemned. Mr. Allibert was willing
to pay 4000 francs flit a substitute, but Mr.
Hodge would not allow film even to make
the oar; but obtained a rehearing of the case,
appeared in person before the. Tribunal de
Guerre, and pleaded the case ; and after two
trials and a detention Ulla months, he was
acknowledged an Arnericiii citiren„ and or
deri came - front the Minister of War at Par
b4, directing his releaie. Mr. Ilodge gave
him a passport which was vise by the Police,
and with which remained some weeks
with his family, traveled through France,
and embarked at llavre on his return to the
United States.
The correspondence on filtin llte• Depart
ment of State gies. the fullYdetails of the
case, and Mr.' Everett, the Secretary of State
under Mr. Fillmore, inn the third of March,
1853, (the last !lay he was in office,) wrote a
Complimentary letter to Mr. Bodge, in which
he says :
"The Department was gratified. to leant
that Ili. Allibert, whose arrest and imprison
ment as au insow,ais, although a naturalized
citizen of the United States, as Mentioned in
your conununiotttions, has been released.—
This is undoubtedly due to_the„firm and AC.
cided stand nuiintaine4 throughout - the long
controversy in your' officia correspondence
with the authorities on:the subject.
"It is much he desired that this 'case
may be considered as a precedent, as you in
timate, and that hereafter naturalized citizens
the United States may visit Ermine with.
att danger of arrest fur military service. In
.this event a fruitful source of irritation and
unfriendly teeling will be.avoided."-,--N. Y.
Erpres4. •
Hostr.srzan RILL—One of the most
important reQo:titions adopted at the Hama
burg Convention June Stb, was that in fa
vor of a Humeatemi 'uill secering ib actual
settlers a homestead of 160 acres „61 the pufr
lie lands. The Republican party of the State
and nation -am warmly 'lb favor of this meas
ure ; and the filet, that it ia a popular,me.wire
is already leading locofoco editors into claim
ing, hypocritically, that it embraces .one of
the cherished principlei of the democratic
party !
in the; last Congress, under the spirited
lead of Mr. Grow, Of this State, ri Homestead
bill passed the Huuke. A few democrats vo
ted fur if. ; but the bulk of the democratic
strength was cast against it; wale every Re
publican vote was, given forand secured
its passage. • ' • •i 7
On reaching the Senate, _the 'bill was dis
cussed a short time, when one of the demo
cratic leaders moved to lay it on the table.
The vote on this measure was a tie ; every
Republican Senator voted no, while all the
ayes were democrats; and the casting vote
to favor of laying it on Mc, table was yiveu
6y Vice President
_Breckiniitlge. The dein
ocnstio partris than responsible for its defe'at.
The few,dernOcnits who voted with the Re
publicansin Its favor were constrained to do
so by an overwhelming "public opinion at
home, and being thus compelled to act sgaist
their party, their deed is not to be set 'down
to-the credit of the party whose lead they.; e.
lasted,
The Homestead Bill is a measure of the
utmost importandi, t97the free laboring TTlngi
mof the North. It is a 'measure calculated
to relieve the wide-spreauL calatdities of our
working-population, ‘beneficint appropria
lion, which costs the Government almost
nothing, and is of incalculable benefit to the
people; and yet we find it thrust asidanto/4
Ly Democratic votes ,
to make - room for the
swindling schemes of lobby adventurers, and
hungry maws of political speculators
with the corrupt • treasures of this Govern':
mend If the ,people desire its sums, as we
,feel assured they do: they will. look in van?
for it'while the lothofooo party is retained 2 n
power.—Pittsburgh Gazette. -
' saiRIaTIANN" IN Ertetsen.—Der .
ing the Kansas excitement,•the English 'par
nals'copied With great piste, the sneers, Pa';
•Criticiama-which appeared in Southern and
Northern rs
. newspape, against " the Rine
Christians`" of Connecticut. they alseended
theif own comments upon the; interference c,r
American clergymen iu political matters- -
But since the war, England changes her note.
At Richmond, the-vicar, the !;Ttiv. Mr. .Du
prees, attended a rifle Meeting, and seccsded
the resolution. declaring it " expedient to
form a rile eorpa at once." `.At C a mbridge,
the Rev. Mr. Emery attended the tit's' tar
get drill of the riOt,eorps there, and it so
stated that he had writterito - Msjer ; genera.
eta „ ; 'director
,cif the School of Muskittry 'si
ilytbin requesting hint to send one of hiqs
pils to instruct the Cambridge IN- i tps.
Reading, Rev. T. X.. roihery, Ch - sidJiv "'
the llishOp of ttaird, Was the mover.el th.
resolution declaring it to he desirable ich.o •
a rifle corps 'for that borough..
Univetsity of Osfoid, st,Cougregat''' wa
holden to repeal, provisionally, t he Aga
prohibiting thestudents bearing ,arms or
ar
longing to military
~core, p aniee.'• 1 10 °
but a few , instanceN ont , of matiy,%cf the ze3
a the English clergy lit'tia, rifle cense. Tro,
ly, in a literal sense, the Church E.,° 11
land, no*, Yiehitieh milittnkr Pa it!
441.*11)4Y-114:*-calloid Rificiawistiass.
f ar Nearly $1,300 were paid for tht
acrid expenses of the late Poetmeder
el Brown, without color, of !or, The le!'
Wlii 611111YeetiPtId.'