Nitdford Npoker. X. 0. 000M110Hi 'INTO& Towanda, Pa., Jan. 6, i 867. To TUE exclusion of much other interesting reading matter, we pub- lish in full the Message of Governor HOYT, read before both branches of the Legislature on Tuesday afternoon. The document is an extremely lengthy one, but should be carefully perused by all. Barn branches of the Legislature organized on Tuesday. - In the Sen ate Hon. WILLIAM J. NEWELL, of Philadelphia, was elected President pro tein. Hon. BENJ. L. lIEWIT, of Blair, was elected Speaker ,of thC House, by a vote of 121 tc. 75 for Hort. Joinki E. FAUNCE, of . likaar Huila', of Philadel phia, was elected Chief Clerk, and J. D. PATTERSON, of Harrisburg, Resi dent Clerk. MESSAGE OF TELE Governor of Pennsylvania, JANUARY 4. 1881. Gentlemen of the &nate and House of Representatives : • 'You are assembled, in pursuance of the - expressed will of the electors of a great -State, to exercise the ierybighest func- . Ilion-of government—the making of the . laws of a free Commonwealth. The pros perity, happiness, and contentment of the - people you represent dare so wide-spread and marked as to call for renewed and thankful recognition of the Providence , which has led us forward, not only as a' State but as a nation. Our citizens may " well exchange . eongratulations that Penn sylvania has; in many respects, realized the;best human anticipations of au ideal Republic. • The history of "civilized communities has rarely presented such a spectacle of growth and power as is illustrated by the four millions of men- and women who compose your''constituencies normal growth and assured poWer in intellectual, moral, and iminstrial relations. Labor, - skill, and capital adequately rewarded— activities in everrailling and parsuit; iit telligeutly guided—effectual control over external conditions, and a self-restraint worthy of the disdiplihe which has impos ed it, everywhere characterizes our lineot . 'advancement.. The unhappy antagonisms. which have sometimes seemed to prevail between our- different forms of industry • • have disappeared., A fuller 'understand • ing_of each other, and a freer intetcounT • and discussion of our independencies has • reconciled, for the.present, at least, the - conflicts bdtween capital and labor, un fortunately so characterizcu. It, is better . apprehended that there are no ei«sscs in cur populatioh, but that: we are a diked homogeneous people, pii - fsuing a common ractical end. The laborer ef this y_ear is. the Capitalist of the next ; and - our " classes"are constantly interchanging their membership.•. Approaching-thr work before.you, you arc to deal with a stable and fixed spciali mechanism. The great' fraMe-work op Our institutions, and - the_me,thods by • which we are to proceed, '.are embodied . . outlined in our Constitution. It may safely be said to be. as well-balanced and - adjusted ,a piece a governmental organ ism as any people has as yet formulated. With - it, is the great body of statute laws which your predecessors have,from time .to tithe, framed to meet the hanging ex ' igencies and growing need of an expand ing population,. Ender all, is Ilto wider ' sphere of the unwritten law the universal rules of duty, and the fundamental prin. ciples of morals, which must regulate the great body of our actions, -and to which • our habitual conduct must conform—the . - motives to obey which, the written law. . -cau neither give nor take awayi. - Bat dis cretion, intelligence, and justiCe, are none the less required in the rules of individual and corporate conduct you shall. see pre per to prescribe. Good citizenship requires _ obedience and steady support to the laws you make. Those statutes alone will be ' fully obeyed, and receive the sanction of conformity, which are in accordance with thebabits, traditions, and associations of the people—which are in harmony with them and their proper and approved pur poses. It is the main object of the law, and solo duty of those appointed to en force it, to provide that justice and fair play obtain, under which industry may be organized, . commodities be made ,and ;:hanged, and the great religious and charitable institutions be allowed to ad vance under the natural laW of their de velopment. While you ; hold yourselves to the full requirementwof honesty, zeal, • and con , cientieus discharge of duty, you . have a correlative right to enforce, even agaidst•those whom you _represent. Ap • 'pealing_ to the correctiksB of your own motives, you•fiave aright to demand that yoh shall receive a fair; honest, and dis criminating judgment upon your work. You have a right to exemption from de action----from malicious criticism and , • frivoloui comment. You haVe a right to have your" official actions looked upon • from tire standpoint which you yourselves ovelipy, and judged by the measure of the duty which you have bestowed upon them. You have a right to trustful sup port, and freedom from flippant abuse;. intended to belittle and degrade the very functions - You have assumed; in behalf of the public,. to discharge ; and to an atti.. tude on the part of the public which shall not vitiate and render void the very work you have consented, at the public call, to undertake. This is the first session of the General Assembly since the vacation of two years, under the constitution of 1813.. 'While. all • the other departments haVe - gone on as usual, there has been a wide interval in • • > legislative work. This has released pub lic attention from many interests, and has . lek to an absence of that, public discussion . by which the best results are to be oh __ tained. A consideration-of this has 'led _me to endeavor to, present a more detailed view of public affair k whist will fall un der your supervision, than might other _ wise have been necessary. The first to claim your attention will be the condition of our State finances. STATF; FIINTANCF.B The annexed tables show the sources o revenue'aucithe expenses of the Statc. :Tetaginary Reedpts I nt the State Tr , eirtury frbra the Ist day 4J77)erenther, 1479, to the • .";(1h day of Nn - renther, 414 days inch:sine, T.tx en corporation stock Tax'on gross nic'elpts Tax on income Tax on premiums Tax on cosi4pMpanies Tax on leialts • - Tax on wrlts:win„ deeds, hr Tax Oil personal property.. bar' , Tat on l)ink stuck . - - .. • 2.3:.,1:1 ac Tao on collateral Inheritance ... 605,141 2.9 Bt , nIIS on charter. 34,663 44 Accrued Interest ' 9,151 75 Refunded-cash ' 2 202 42 Retailers' licenses 1962,200 52 Eating-home licenses-- . ... ......... -. 1 ,279 04 Tayetnllcenses6s,7l7 55 . Liquor licenses - So,' sl 25 Peddlers' licenses 1400 GO Audio . 11ee1:15t...N...., N 043 16 Brokers' licenses . 7,70. s 52 Billiard licences • 7,52 a 41 Theater and circus licenses • '2,lllS 00 Brewers' and distillers' lieehses 8.553 39 Patent medicine licenses 16•4 20 Land ' • 2,11•1 a 00 , Fees of (Abet- ' 59,3!7 37- Notary Public cominltsions ' 6,575 00 };,cheats ' • 1,688 57 A ntitilly - fur right of way ' 10,000 00 Allegheny Valley R.: R., :ht. on bonds. 150,000 00 C.4uttintstion tonnage , duties 41 6 0,000 CO Tax on gross premiums' - 83,756 OS l - nitcd States Government, on account • of military clatins Turtiptke and plank road stock... - . o 'en:4.4'MT fund.... ...... i .. .raccoon! comintsolon • °Mee ileC/15k. fee Sale of fertllisors..--.. Pamphlet laws - Allegheny Valley railroad, 1 edempUon of bonds Penaltr ` .• -State Geological Survey report.... l'r.cialuied deposits Fines and forfeitures ' •.. Dividend on bridge stock.... Tax on bonds and money a 1 ,nterest.. *bat unary of the Paymentidt the S 1 ate Treatury, from the Isf flay of December, 1579, to the SOth itay of Norestiler, 1559, • • , t oth days' fa49/(1,4. Expenses ofgov ‘ erninea • • 1162,773 21 Pensions and gratllitles - 21,818 71 Coal mine inspectors ' • 31.23 - 175 Common schools,' . • 1,402,5111 21 Charitable instillations ''' 1,020,260 60 Punlic building 9 and gr0und5........ 8,149 2G .dercantile appraisers . 3,204 . 32 Schools for soldiers' 0rphan5 .......... 350„!49 98 State library ' 4,500 CO Special comualsalims • 1029 55 Fish commissioners . 15,500 00 , Penitentiaries 204615 001 Escheats . 1.2'41 92 Geological Surrey 55,000 CO' Miscellaneous - Judges42l.oo4l 70 Associate judges c- - 31,529 ¶l4 House of ltepresentatives - 18,11.7 50 Senate of Pennsylvania 4.724 c 0 Norival schools ' 152,101:22 County-ruperintendents 81,0 - ,t5 5 , 2 flank assemort .. ; .... ( f. al 32 Special committees ' . • 2,029 26 Mont, Jnly, 1577 1,9(0 17 J. W. Geary monument 4 . , B 7 00 Turnpike and plant road stock .. 321 20 Salaries I ;6,640:. l'oblic printing and binding ...... .... 194,717 21 National G nai (Is • 282.175 7a Delinquent dealers 5,15.7.(.2 Collateral Inheritance tax2 7o 18 Fire companies • • 740 00 Loans redeemed - , 62.8.67 21 Interest on loans redeemed _ 5,426 I:0 Interest on public debt ' 1,120,1.9 i .6: Lnicrest on Agricultural College land 'hscilp fund olm of Refuge itiots of 1875 . Coal miners' hetpital Complainer Indians Costa In Connuonwealth cases' Pennsylvania State Agricultural •Col lege bonds' -These tables show sonic revenun,witiel is not derived from ciintiutting sources and seine expenditures • which are excel tiona,l.-,-. . . . , - For the year endint- 30z,1i Noveniber 1881, the estimated revenues are to— The general fund The Itilaing fund ;- The estimated expenses for the same ! period are— From the general fund From the - t. , lnklug fund This will leave a deficit In the general fund of Tbere Is a present deficit in apprepra - tlons unpaid of Deficiency to be provided for In isSi.tl.si -Lee Provision ought to be made for this.ao eruinr, deficiency. lti the opinion of the financial officers of the State, it can be made by fair amendments to the revenue act of lSit!. This act, with official . man agement in the.ollice of the Auditor Gen -eral and-the Attorney Gyll el:ll . in collect ing overdue and contested taxe:4, has pro. duced large additional and unexpected revenue: Our tax laws ;are neither uni- form nor equitable but it is certain that there_is in pos.seision of the I:lspartments here any reliable and full data upon Which it would be safe to aitenipt the enactment of any sweeping or radical changes. The commission appointed at the List session' of the'Legislat tire were, fut wished with rid suitable or sufficient means fir prosecutf ing their labors, and, as yet, have Made,' no reports. _ Since May 10, when the .presenti State Treasurer., - Ilon. S.inotel Butler, as sumed the duties of his effice., ciencies in approptiations, due pibri‘ats to June 1, 1 , 7:50, 'nit:civilly to school and charitable purpose 4, have been 'educed from $3,2'27,000 to $l,O-13,600. During the yearovei F,410,000,000 of these Stat.) loans will become linable by the terms of, the, atts ercat,,ing them, as follows : Six percents Five per cents Four and a-nalf i.er cents The very favoiable opphrtunity the pieseut low rate of money affords fur the refendin,g,of this maturing debt, at a great saving of. interesest to the. State, will lead you to give the neeess#y ity forthwith, and the more estiecially as the Legislature is not likely to meat dur ing the year 1882. The State iscarrying on its system of public instruction in three directions Public Schools, 'Normal Schools, and the, Soldiers' Orphans : Schools. The ler/oft: - of the.Superintenden*; of Public' Instruc tion, ar..l. P. Wickersham, will receive your careful attention. His review and recommendations arc entitled to your,. -consideration, by.virtue of his 10n2., intcl ligent and ellective service and his very extensive experience with public schools in our own State, in other States; and in -the Old World.. It is most gracifying that he , reports the organization lot the common schools more coinplete . thr ever before, and "in all departments diarac terized by a Vigorous life and a. p,.pgress ive Spirit," The whole number of grad ed schools • is . . 7;031 the number- of schools not gaded, 11,015. The total nntri ber of pupils on the rolls'_ is 1nt7,310, _with an average, attendance of 77. per cent._ The expenditures of all kinds for the. year ending June, ISSO,•not ineluiliir; or Than Or normal schools, were $7,4ti'2,:177.- 75. The value of the school propel ty• of ' the State is $•.:5,447,097. The total in debtedness of all the school districts in the State, including those in Cities and boroughs, is -only $2,618,495)4, while there remain In the various treasuries of the districtAThalaucies amoubting• to el,- ; These, are, satisfactory fig ures, and indicate the permanent value which this at,rency of progress . holds in the minds of the people. NORMAL SCHOU. The condition of the normal setools and of their property will requile yinir notice. There have been twenty-nine hundred students in uttendance during the past year. The value of their proper ty is estimated at $1,366,:195.17, The. schools are ten, in number. .1n tlitir establishment there • may be set, down as contributed by private subscrip, lions $400,000. • The State has-contribut ed for grounds, buildings, and antra:lllns, u;) to theyear 1375 $64:i,000..The debts': of the-schools may be' put at •••210,000,. The approriAtiens by the Stale to these . schools has, for some years; been ; 000 annually. .By a mere arbitrary mode 'of distribution, and no otheKseetngd feas ible, 'this sum has been „parcelled out equally—slo,ooo to each - 4' For these sums, liens have been takep in favor of the State. They Live been compelled to use their appropriations in , paying old floating debts, or in keeping' down-inter est on the mortgages and other liens against them. Resources which should be expended in the active conduct of the schools are: thus absorbed in the reduc tion of debts which cripple them ; and this reduction is not being accomplished in thellest and most economical manner for the State or the schools. Besides, the annual appropriation has a tendency to induce the belief that it is to be a puma mint relief, and .weakens the administm tion and efticiency of the system. The correct policy for the „State now to adopt Rill be to pay off the entire indebt edness'of the normal schools ; and, so far as a surrender of the rights of sharehold ers and contributors can be secured, place the ownership of the several properties and - rip liens, in the State. After such a 4.iroviSion in their behalf, the schools ought to be self-supporting, and doubt less wilt become so. No further aid from the State should thereafter be expected 'by them. • 41,352,d)A-9S . 6c0,930 94 . -51,403 13 . 199,547 62 ",.139 16 309,966 11 104,371 s 3 . 42:',679 $6 SOLDIER.? ORPHANS FIrTIOOL.3 The conduct of these schools calls for no abatement in the pride with which all I have Watched their organization and' growth. The supervision over them has I been intelligent and rigid. The inspec tions havelcen thorough as to the - physi cal surroundings and material well-being of the inmates of the - several -school% Children admitted under existing laws must belong to one of three-classes : \::1. Those. whose fathers were either kill ed or died' f disease while in the army. Only one hundred of this class remain. " 2. Those whose fathers have died since the clots of the war of wounds or diseases contracted while in.the service. 3. • Those whose fathers are living, but are so disabled by wounds or disease con tracted while in the army, that they are Unable to support.their• families • and in all the cases, the children must De. under sixteen years of age, and in destitute clir cumstances. It must be said that the bu perintendent of Public Instruction, while under the pressure of those who say he is too strict and is admitting too few, and the' criticism of those who say he is too lax and is admitting too many, has, at all times, justly and firmly constincil the statutes governing these schools—always aiming to provide for the really theritori oils, and to guard the State against fraud, - Mae are two thousand five hundred 89,03 S 78 .. 2,128 f• 6 50 /.010 87 . 3,941 11 1,170 00 1716, ... 300,400 CO .:,3 Si 2131 1,112 SO 40 00 40 CO 3 F 7 44 06 720,1M4 47 . and eigbty children under thb taro . of the State inithirst schools, and the - Cost of the syStem ithopant year • was $`351,431.50.F0r the-years 1881 and 1882, about $700,- 000 will be needed. • - The Superintendent; in his annual -re port, says - "In Making the utinal-appm... priations rot... the orphan achoois, the Leg— islature of 1878 provided that no more child ren shauld be admittedinto thein after the first day . of June, 1882; and that they should be finally closed on the first day of June, WI Should. this law stand, the system can be made to come to an end in a way both creditable to it and to the' State. The recoid it. will leave, will form the. brightest page in our, history, lt will have supported, educated and - prepared for' usefulness twelve thinisand of the sons and daughters or dead and disaba - d soldiers, and will have expended iu this noble work - the magnificent sum of- .1:A -000,000. The whole world May lin search ed in vain for another such Vxample of patriotic benevolenc,... ' IT.OeSts OF REIiCG AN:ill EEFORM scnuot s, - Fortunately, the, policy and the right of the State to organizl a system of pub lic instruction have la:4 - (Ni-beyond the re'- gion of contention: Results. have vindi- Cateil its wisdom aS well as its cast.. FOI-0 low jug* close upon it, is another topic upon which. mucci of the very best thanglit of the ablesrAnd purest• philan Ithropists haS been ex; ended t the duty of society to its datigeretts and criminal classes. It itinot material, here a-nd now, to discuss• the fitilects of the enforeement of criminal lauV i *hetherit, be .mere pun.: ishm9t f9r thelsnkelof -punishment, the prottrOticin of stieiety, the reformation "Of the offender, or all of these. nor is it my purpose to enter upon the details of pris on management.R whether they~ should be ordered under: the - separate . system, or the congregate system ; nor is it indispen sable., as a preliminary, to settle the (pies tion of the proper disposition of the pro ducts of convict labor. What . rights, - has society over jig criminals, and the classes out of which they come? There c4n be Tip prompt method of putting down crime. It is ineurable; e"xcept by a gradual pro cess. Whoever employs,that ,proccss ex-. petting to realize any romantic , results,. 'or with Utopian,theories, 'Will -realize no thiuz. But w&are not without certain definite and practic .1 results,' which have been leached in our own State as Well as in many others. The whole ground is by no, means unexplored not has the,: whole ground be,n, by any means, fully -cover ed. _ • _ _ 1D,D0,1 Co 12.3,'2 , 9 72 7500 26,717 2I cco't 40,4';'0 00 t3,,b:lo,ittl 0,:41,C00 00 2,160,000 00 1,1.0 C 00 !”,015.600 10 5i,3tr. , .9:58 ro MIMI = 9..,(1 :11~ i~i,i.:Ofl EDUCATION We hap ascertained facts :ind it-table . data, in view of which we can.go.lorward and hi the safe direction of assured pro- - ress. We hive undertaken to . educate the ignorant, to feed the linegry, and to cure the ei.Feased, • State, appiianceS, . and at the public cost. Clow can we best curb the vicious? A distinguished pub licist has said 111,at " whig:ver has the right to hang haste right to educate." Or, as no one noW - disputes "the, right" to.educate,. it may justly be caid that whoever has the.right to hang. has " the duty'' t! - ) l 'ccmate. The prison: stat istie.s t of the whole Country show sonic - startling and unen - J l .cted facts. Too much care . -Canuot he taken to avo4l hasty, iinnia llure, and unwhrratiled conclusions from statistics. •tiire is no impoSition winch we may not make upon ourselves by 'has ty juggltry with ha'f facts.:' For instance, • there have been since - 18;0; in the last n Penitentiary at Philadelphia, convicts twenty-one }ears of ago and under, tor-tice number of 'nine hundred. and ftsty-six - ': Of thc.:e„ six hurdled and lifty-eight had . attended public schools, seventeen private schools, and two Innded and ,seventy one had never atteniled schen.l. So 'much for •thOr edncatienal reiatinns. When their industrial relations are locikr,d after, we Mid that out of the nine hundred and forty-six; - as Many:as eight hundred and eighty-four *cue unapprentieed,„ and sev en hutifted and twenty-two had no trade. •In the . Western Penitentiary, at Pitts burgh, of thee hundred and twelve' prhc -- oncrs-admitted during 1879 : Could niit, read or write, Read and ari a imrerfectly, Read and write, Superior education, , • Attended public Attended private sehool4 Never went to school, . I II! Never apprenticed to a" trade, Ilpprentiee.l and served,- Not apprenticed but served four years. to These ate. not isolated figures—they prevail at auoue that average elQewhere. In Maryland, for WSO, the penitentiary report shows its five hundred and ninety °rue inmates gradet socially, as follows : Can read and write, Can read, • Cannot read and writer Never bound nut,' Binind out and served, Bound but. and 101, \o*, of those whAad "iitf6nded schbol," it would be unfair t, assume that they had received any more than an im perfect and rudimentary instruction. Bin it tends to prove that mere elementary education, with the moral pOwers un touched, is no very important barrier against crime: As at the best, however, there can be np moral development in the absence of Mental cultivation, "'attend ance at school" 'mist lie at the base of all reform. • ' But the'figirres showing the luditStrial. Fel:Warns- are significant, it.iid lead, us cicise to the occasion of and inducements to crime. It is the abi , ence of a tradko; the want. of employment, and ebusequentidle !less. The remedy must be: 4 sought in that direction, and our schemes of education must be advanced to meet .this condition of things. The State finds itself, 'under the laws of the laud, the custodian of a number of ung criminals.. lii one-way or atioth - . ill early life, a number -of' its citizens / lave. fallen jut; the Meshes of the law and' have become objeCts Of State, treatm at, and, it you please, ~1. 0 1:- State puns, 'meat,e. Under ordinary Human ex ,/ petienee, without the ap'pl'ication of some reformatory measures, 'these youths will only go on from had to'. worse, until they fall into the from 'criminal class, to which - they will then,- certainly and surely, belong. , They will inevitablkbe &ue charges upon the State, . eith, r as paupers or malefactors. - They may he tau pt - contemplated its men and women who are likely .to spedd their lives in. pen itentiaries.andrialls, nnless'ociety, which nnist'reco , mid their existence," can make'. better• use.of them': Any measure tif 'ed ucation and dicipline, then, which Will save society the duty- of imprisoning or hanging them will,become expedient avid •proper. \\ *bateau be done for the very yOung, up to-the age of sixteen years, who, li t y have by courts and magistrates, have fallen into the hands of the law, fOr various offences, has been well exempliti- Cd by the House of Refuge, in Philadel-, phia, and . the Pennsylvania Reform • School,. 'at MOrganza. : Amid' some con li oversy over these schools, and-the Meth -1 ods at the bottom of them, it is' too late now to question their value and seriiet,. I although neither juis rl as yet, reached an I equipment necessary for the best "work. I Th.e purpose of their existence, ' arid the [aim of their nianageis is to rescue their I inmates from the evil 'associations out of Iwhich they - have come, and to re-fortn. them. Few of these waifs have respon sible parentage or guardianship. .They are quitesure -to become State charges. The State, co-operating with private ben efactors, 'proposes to return them, self supporting,•to society under the best au spices the' case will adinit. Within the limits of the school they are moulded, tin tellectnally and morally, by competent, Careful teachers, and instrticted, trained," and drilled to some trade o or industrial pursuit. • The efforts is to reproduce, within - the enclosuist, the exact condition of-society they will encounter when they return to the world. -This requires time, and the inknates are retained until the work is. more or less, completniy .done. The process goes upon the correct and sale' assumption that it is impossible to reform the, conduct of a child or 'man Without first measurably reforming his nature. The scheme is - no longer an ex periment,'as it has been faithfully work ed • olit_in England; France, Germany,. and many of the States of our Union. This leads up to an extension of the gen eral metliod,.which, in the judgment o political economists-of the very highest authority promises the most beneficent re: 1 Subs.Th is will include ;all -they first of 7, fonders,,Mxcept of HIP most brutal tYPoi I .. , . . under the figtf; sly, of thirty years. The purpose of the p i roceis is to return them, too, to society, wi th the preparation and discipline well fitted to enable them.-to earn an honest livelihood, permit them to retain their self-respect, and fit them lia *spine tifeir places among their fellow men, if they ob choose, without the brand of Infamous punishment or ' penal servi tude npon than. - The .4din and. scope Is to 'eve the, convict'intellectaid, moral, and industrial training, systematic habits, and definite purposes, in a reformatory school, and not in a penitentiary ::_to af urd htm 'mother thr.nee in liic i in short, to help him to help himself. , In-the discretion of the court rendering the sentence, defendants, .convicted of a (list offense of Such magnitude as to jus-: lily adequate imprisonment s and nuclei the age of -thirty seartr, mitted ' subh nit intErtitediatb prison. ; They go Witltut a:determinate sentence, -but can not be held for . a period longc_r than the Maximuni term fixed by law 'for the of feuse. Undev.a proper syStem of grades aed classes and marks, orery - motive to shorten the period of detention is pre sented. That period will lie in the dis cretion of of tho proper ollicers of the. in stitution. - Positions in life :are fotind for tliem, and they may then be conditional ly discharged on parole, reporting, front time to time thereafter their behavior and surrolindiu„„os j Or, in-default thereof, or of good. conduct for a prescribed period, liable to•be returned to the institution. It has been found by experience that the prisoners thus discharged have been well received again by society, and, 'in one of the, largest institutions of this kind in our laud, `it-is otii,pially reported that lees thy seven per 7 ceht. of the number dis charged have : failed ,to maintain. their monis° of good conduct. I refer to the reformatory at Elmira, New York. The Acts - creating it, and the practical mani. agement, there carried out, are worthy of attention and study. "Reformatory prisons,:then, promise.. to be a-ni - O . ift . effective instrument in the diminution - of 'Crime, both -Irk reforming the prikiner himself, and by the deterrent, influence of punishment on othert ! Only a weak sentimetitalisin would piepose to move outof sight the tigers iiiikpenaltics which must - overta.ke the violators of the law.. It is not sentimentaliSnrhtitsonnd policy and conformity to the ordinary mo tives of—human conduct, whiclf keeps a prisoner out. of the fixed classification with hardened criminals, if possible . ; which give.. 4 him hope.. a chance for the recovery of social influence, and the means of cultivating self-respect. br the re formatory we ban "copy the inci.lents of that frugal, honest, self-denying,. labori nuk poverty to which:we have to restore most: of our convicts, and for which, - therefore,.ite- Should be our earnest en deavor*. to qualify them.' *. * " .No more indulgences, save those earned by exzstion and self command : no progress toward liberty, except through diligence in' Work; and the exhibition of good con-. duet, all moved by acts, not words': by a sh . enuous fulfilment of all duty, not by 1111_11e lip submission. It is thus; and thus only, that the stern school of punishment may be made really reformatory : may be made, to give back to society citizens; in stead of spoliators, and hOnest men in place of criminals. 7 • Such an institution, after the, first in-. 'vestment in buildings and appointments, may becodie s'elf-suppol•ting. If be ob jected that the organization' of a trade or "industrial school by the State with all its inmates gathered from the criminal class-• es, it most be answered that ,a practical people must do practical things and that our.first business is • to reniedy!the worse . mischief. Perhaps-the time ought not to. beefar distantvlieri every child and young man of Pennsylvania may be enabled to. become a - voluntary ,pupil in a State,in dustrial or technical school ; but we manl- . festly owe an earlier duty iu.another di fection. It is to be hopedthat Pennsylvania will keep abreast of her sister States, in this_ vital matter - of sociall- science " and " penal reform, "terms; it must be ad bated, the defiuitions of which are not. fully setiled. . these_vieirs meet your approval, and be ilecnied i Worthy of your adoption, the necessary Statute can be readily framed. Provision, ' L in buildings ands, equipment titte4l for; the proper organization, must be made:. Nearly two thirds of oqr 'con vict's are Under thirty years of age: When ,this is considered, large drafts may be ex pected to 'be made from the number of prisoners now sent to our peuitentiaries in Philadelphia and Pittsburg. It ought ,to. result the ,inmates therein will be ma terially.deereased. extcusion,of these prisons now made -andbi process of being Made;jt may be assumed that suffi cient room gill havebeen pi ovided for all convicts liable to he dealt with.under isting penal theories and Methods. • The State :haw just entered upon 1 . 1. e construction oya penitentiary at Hunting don:".. This work should be arreigedi until a final determination is reached, her© it now is. It is outside of my discretion to: make a specific recommenlatlen, but there can be no practical 'difficulty in the conversion of . the penitentiary,-there con.- templated, into a reformatory. prison. Other practical locations and suggestions may te made, but will be Safe to de one tiling at a,time. • If • adequate resulta are to be expected. for the very considerable expenditure feqiiired, the . ..projeet ought to belmilt up from a clean, blear Sounda- Hon; theupplianees be-anade4o conform 'to the best and latest expetience, ancithe end, and all means to that cud, looked at from the beginning; A joint_committee of ' the two Houses, who, - ,ehould be re quested to report early hr. your ,session, could relieve the subject of much irreleVant discuss - ion ;-"or, a commission of ,citizens might be provided . to report lolly at thito or some subsequent session. • . ' It,is impossible to deal with a question like. this • exhaustively or satisfactorily within thZ reasonable limits of - a 'general message. This plan oilers promise, of .very pesitive . relief from. the pressu.re of the cribtinaf class. -To such as :are not impatient of necessary delay,and are will- Me' to trust the slow but sure operation of' known. laws, wile believe in the rela tPin of .cause and .effect in the moral` :world as in the physical world, it points to certain and specific advantages. The firm and persistent application of known means of: reforniatiou, must assuredly bell us to the end we seek—the prevem, lion of crime,. . t- ,13 241 41► 2't3 58 250 sil • • 523 • 42 26 :Prom the State Board of Pithlie Chari ties, from the official declarations nuide in the State Conventipti - S of .Poor Direa tors, and from the tegthoony of%infrerest ed citizens on all sides, comes a swelling protest against the• longer continuance 'of the evil'and disgrace • attending the pres enee of children in mit alms-houses and poor-bousas. In the past five years over three thotiguad children, Under sixteen years old., have been temporary or perma nent residents of. these institutions. A diSclesure of some of . the facts, gathered from the sources above indicated, would shock the community, nor would a sense of ptopriety permit more thatta , reference to them herein. • 'These children, in a ord,. are enervated by idleness, ,corrurit (ld in body and soul, without the possibili.: ty of acquiring or recovering - their self respect, prepared for pauperism . .afid Crime; 'effectually.wieckett .at the outset of I fa. This situation of affairs is earn esti; commended your action. - Acts of Assmbly touching Ite remedy: of this evil have i been prepared by several 1 par ties Who' ave studied this pbasaof the social problerif. The itubject is not with out difficulty; A statute forbidding the re ception or retention in any alms-house or poor-house Of :any' child between two and sixteen years of age, will be an indispensable starting-point. Private charity, would best pOint out the direction of the neXt steps. In the (I)&zence of understood facts-to stimulate the enthusiasm and fervor of private charity in this behalf, and of adequate - maser's to have stiett'ed the economy (if private aa: , :,o-' ciations to look after this class of ehililren, - it May IKkonie‘your Way to devise the entire scheme.. It would. be gratifying if' we, had, throughout the State, more corporatio"m; of benevolent persenS addressing themselves to - this evil. Upon them, as a basis, the alins hon‘e and poorboards could operate with Money-aid; official inspection, and adminis trative sanction. Any and all router to the results you 'seek, will lead you to the well tried expedient of placing these children in) natural families, or, the family , and farm scheol: Good example( will ' occur. to von antng.the various "Ilomes for.. Frien d -less Children," alre(aly ini existence, and no bet ter models can be foiand Than Many of . the "Soldiers' ' Orphan... Schools," now under State patronage. Confessedly, there iS: a danger in . •this 'mode of relief to be avoulesl: A too careless Or toct, profuse provision night render pau perism a desimbleoectipat ion. The tendency, at the best, of such enactments', isto release i' parents from 4 responsible sense of the duty Of providing' for their offspring, and to 01- CHILDREN IN 1.0011-11011SES - courtige improvidence. a certain sense, they, cannot cure distmiis t but only' shift it from one part of the. community to-another. Ant wilkbe confronted with a fatal ob- Jtvtion which enables the recipients of 13tate bounty tu elude, in any serious' degrie f the necessities of their social existence.- 4.• In your wisdom, you will devise some to , lief from the perplexities of this situation. This relief should,„however,:_ be a local and not a State charge. The burden of the-rem= edy should be borne by the local poor -boards. It is only by localizing • this-forin of charity -that efficient supervision can be securetiolie guarantee of econotiliest administration be. preserved; end the risk of mendicancy coming profitable be avoided. • BUREAU OF INDUSTATAL EITATIVFIt 3.. It the orgailization of the office , .`of the S,&fettiri of Internal it *all profidt'd bj the act of 1874, that "his depaitment shall embrace u Bureau of Industrial tics, the;littsiness of which shall be to Inapt , flatly-110re into the relations of capital and labor, in their bearings npon the.sociaf, edu- . mtionalond industrial . welfare - of classes of working people, and to offer practical sug &Miens-for the Improvement of the stune." "The said bureau shall further:coiled.; compile, and pnblisli such statistics in regard to the wagm.of labor, and the tsocial-condi tam of the wbrking classes as may enable the people of the State to judge- how far leg 'Viatica edit be itivoktd. tai epiluet eiigting evile The duties of the bureau are thus.de tined. • The present Chief of the Bureau of .Industrial Statistics, is the Hon. Miles S. Humphreys. The statistics hehas compiled and published have taken as wide tt,range as the means at his control have permitted. , While his powers, under the laws, are:nmple to collect information "by} circular or upon bpersonal application," he has up to this time, een limitetl to the former method, for the reason that no apprOpriation has heen made to . pay the expenses of ,thlOpting the other.' A \ls,cy small percentage of the circulars . are answered.. The Chief of the Bureau ought to be furnished the means* of going intojhe great labor-districts, and himself witness. the -labor, and see the laborers mit of which his statisti come.. Ile is also'required "to compile and pub-. lish, annually, ' the , protructiee statistics •of agriculture,.ninting, manufactpring, commer-i end, and other busines4 hiterests of the State." If this work wa.s Mire -well and thorMighly done; the subs4tent: extensions. and yearly additions would be neither diffi cult nor expensive. It has never been dim'- , mighty done in this State. When we con template suc h _immense manufacturing and distributing -centres Philadelphia ,- and l'ittshorgsuelt workshopq as Ilarrisbnrg, Reading, Bethkhem, Scranton, and Johns town—the never-rest indiistriesalung the Dela Ware„ Lehigh, - SeJnmykill Steinehanna, and Monottgabehr:' . development, minim ; ores, anthracite ainfbitutiiinomi coals, lime, slate—burniitg of c4ciej • and farnting operations everywhere, they:. scent to defy classification. In all this' apparent . chaos there is order., Every man and 'Ogine'fitlls into pre-arranged place: Every:Where there is - complexity, but nowhere ,is _Were vonfu sion. By a sufficiently .wide induction tof facts, the body politic - Ifill be found to be as legitimate a growth under law as the natural bo(13--law, as unerring in social life as in Ike external world. The, Bureau of 5t:16' 4 003 bunt(' reach every form in which 'the in , ishitanis of the State combine, industrial, educational, religious, charitaide, and ' While thisi-inlbrmation, properly digested% multi remedy no evils of itself, :it %You Wend the public' and the Legislapne!to many Wholesome re-adjustnients, dis. tribution of. pepidation and Money. . Districts and industries iii which popula ti"iin or.labiir is 14N - intim; Overcrolvip,i,would be deteeted, NMI dale..!er hignak be.put up Letbre the evil become irremediable... The Ikr4t•ibilities of ot-production;and the crea tion of- inure imudities than we can find purchasers for, which alone 'scent likely t( - ' disturb the happy. equilibrium now -prevail ing, would show rillemselves in the course. of the rigid investifirnt rend inquiry herein contemplated. The tilidenev to, or ekistence of, suchnmisidlief as the track'.' or store order rrystem wouid come under notice;nnd well-considered legislation,.based on :ithiquate facts, eduld be invoked tin its-suppression. The proper relation beiweeri the wage-labor er and the 'Owner of the wage-fund,in the divisions: of the product of their joint enter prise, would more clearly appear, and an Arbitrationfind 1 ; equitable plan of instead of the unprofitable, and destructiVe remedy by a strike. The thin*, places,' and business in' which Co-operative institutions might boorganiml with beneficial results in the distribution of Wealth, might, haply, lie indicated. It is not contended that social disorders can lie cured by "tabulated fig ures," and these are suggested mils. as illus trations of the practical Nithei which accurate and faithful ;finisiics . may h 111:14e tie halie in our cconontiO problem S. Lreeornmend, theretbre,...that an appropriation: hc.nutdo to sullieient,•mbler proper acconnt ability, to 'insure . corn-ti and complete re sults. • , ITEIGUT DItiCIIIM/NATION The relation of "common eariiers more of—the, great . trunk railroads, to thOleommerce of the country Itas :Lsoinked a very ituf.ortant ceonowri.' asiwet. S 4) far as the control of inter-State traffic is t concerned, it not be remanded to the National Legis- . hitl we. 'Our own statues most terminate in th ir operation at our State lines. Within .1 1 tl .-e lines, there arc -certain policies to be ex Tilted,' so okyiousb just and right . a : -i.to . ... prfelude question or debate. Par Constitu / - thiti has both defined their, and, liy its matt datemtrovided the .dt:•tails of their enforce-- toiint. : • '• ' Section Ogee, article NV I 1-; of the Const tion provide t ; that as<iKi • ons, • and corporations shall Itave.egnal havoc persons and propertV tran*portts, per rairroads?nd canals, and no undue fir ireasonable . diseriminat ion shall be made i larges for, pr in facilities Mr, transport:di( of freight or passengenvithin tho State, or coming from, or going to, any other State. Persons and property transported over any railroad shall he delivered at any station at cliarges-not exceeding the charges for trans prtation of iiursons and property of.. the wine class in tke. sante 4.liTeetion to any noire distant station but exciNions and commuta tion tickets May lie is-41(A at special rites." SeetiOn se yeti, of the iune article, pro - vides. that " no discrimination in Charges or-facili ties for shall- be made between transportation companies and - individuals, or in favor of. either r ityy abatement, drawback, or otherwise, and no iailroad or canal i!om pany, Or any lessee; manager, or thereof; shall make -any preferences; ini fur nishing ears or motive3x . iwer." Section twelve, Art. XVII, prescribes :that the General Ai-qembly 'shall enforce by ap priViate legislation the provisions of this ar ticle." ' - Your attention is called to the fact that this requirement of the Coniuitution has grit, np to this time, Iteen During the year 1878, upon the petitiOu of a large 'mintier of citizens engaged in. , the prixlmAion .of oil, charging that they subjected to most serious• injustice and grio - by reasoir of dis;eriminations in freiklik the result of illegal confecterated action lie tween certain railroads.and oil shippers:snits in Equity were.instituted in the name of the COmmonwealth by the Attorney Generablin , the Siiprenie Court of the :State, against the Pennselvanin Railroad Company, the Atlan tic and Graf - Western Railroad Company, Dunkirk, Allegheny and Pittsburgh liallniad Company, and the Lake Shore and_ Michigan. mthern Railway Company. . i • • Separate bills wore tiled against each corporation, charging unlawful conspiracy with all the others, and' the. appropriate relief prayed for. .The object or the,Com , .inonwealth was to prOcure a judicial dec larationlof the - common .jaw ditty of-car riers, iwthe absence of a statute, to.wit : that the charges must be the same for all persons similarly situated, and for all freights of a like 'kind and quality for a given ; service. . The cOnd'uct of the causes was necessarily inttiated to private coun • sel employed by the:petitioners; although under the general direction of the Attor ney General: In 'due: time, the cases came before a master• appointdd to take testi mony-. The burden of the testimony was .directed against the Pennsylvania .Rail road Company, and the taking of testi mony by the Commonwealt4 was. corn- - pleted and declared closed as to this cor, poration, dqeridant. This coilkqation .alone it wks. -then ' proposed, should be called upoii"to,:prO ceed with the `taking' of its testleitonyi iq answer. As the - defendants in the various bills in equity were in ' court by virtue or their joint acts as allegonspirators: the Attorney Genera), under the direc tion' of tho Governor, 'and . aecoedaue,c with the justice and proPriety . of 'the case, and of well settled' praaice, ,Jleblined to order this .one defendant to proceed to open its defense, until the CommOnwealth bad closed the testimony in the cases of all•the defendants. As to the Common- Wealth, plaintiff,., the legal status.of the defdndants was . precisely the same as if they-had all been joined in one bill. • - To Wive _facilitated' a decree by the Court enjoining the perfornifince of a duty - by a corporation deriiing its trachise from Tenusylvaniai - aid cpptritigtipg large . ~. , . taxes to the revenue of Penney Wails, and substantially looking' it up,.and leaving 'free greatrailroad lines (connected with the oil reenns by. short lines in tliiii State) - inetirporaiM bypther States,- and .oWing Old payingskiduty Ur Pennisylvanta,would neitber havaniet. the reasonable views of the. Petitioners,: nor: have Aratisfied any sel334:44;ittstiee.':. There was a delay on ilia Vaittof the Petitioners irkplaeing the Attorney' General in possiessionjf the testimony to be produced, which indicated an intention to. offer none , whateverin the , remaining eases. . - • .: - • • In the meantime indictments bad been found at the instance, and in the interests of theosameiiieiitimiers in Clarion county, against a number of defendants for a con spiracy in the matter off procuring freight diseriminatiqn, in connection with other alihged dffettses: Smn Of the defendants Were . residents in theft State,. - Withiit the .jttrisdietion of the could, and caused ap- int liaTiOsitt, cifitium. • . - • 1 pearances:to he entered for themselves ; others were ruin-residents. - For thege - , . '• • It is with especial-pie:unite that renearere 'erred to, the report. of General s m e a r W: demand *as made Upon the Exective for.: Latta, Adjutant-General of Pennsylvania: requisitions.' The a ppaation,waa heard, The_ reorga nization Of the National Gulird formally, after notice* to alt parties, iu the coac - ived 1 and i partly earried out by, Executive Chamber. , . . . • General Ifartranft, when Governor, has beeti, --- Before a . decision wasi reached, and sleet deand is now complete. The Guard while the equity suits were resting upon cntains eight thous rail offavriZ , aed :enlisted the determination_ that the Commou men. The morale of the body is most _excel wenth should close its - testimony againgt lout. The officers are •efficient, prbmpt, in all-the-defendants, before' any one defers- . lelligent, -and earnest in their d u ti es .. - The alit shotild be ruled to 'open its case and 'rank 'anti file.are composed of (Adieus, the -go oh with , its;- &nao n, negotiations ivor6 entered upon between the petitioners real best tv - pe.s and represent hives .of the real iteoplii of 'the State: - 'Officers, and men: above referred to and the railroad cord- .are coopeinting niest leirmonioindf and ern:- ponies,' defendants, to settle, .•- by agree t•essfully in the elliwt, to make the Guard wor went, thei detailsr• , Con Of trov se ersy. negotiations,. : . the of' the State, and entitled to ,the coati , The - the f• °- donee of alhinerr. Under the liberal niipro course, need not and did not, reach the nriations•heretofore made, it may he said that, Executive'depa,rtment. As part of them,. I in their. iinifor(ns . and aceotdrements, their . however, requests were presented in the equipment is complete.. Tliesesupplitst have interest of the .petitioners to the Govern an been furnished from the arsenals eml de or, Uot-to issue the requisitions; followed pots of tale United States; are all thd very again by requests that they be allowed to go out. Finding . that the highest process t" s-h of their kind:and have been furnished to this State at their actual cost to th&Unitol of• the Commonwealth' was being used s . tate.4. 'simply as the leverage for and iigainst the The entire guard. was . assembled in parties to these pegotiationsbetweeri con- Camplhis year . ; One camp near Philadel tending_litigants, Lind h a t ,t h o over entire phia, the other near Pittsburg. • This and perfect had been e - vood • which the criminal proceedings in Clarion subsistence, or any other purpeses, except county might have been commenced, they _only thc usual one for transportation and were being regarded and tri ated - As a pay, for the 'annual inspection required 1 mere makeweight in the stages of private by law. 'At these ,camps, in addition to diplomacy, I deemed it my ditty, in the es- the various duties, exercises, and drills I ereise of a sound discretion, to suspend. .incident to military life, the entire Guard action on the requisition.. : It resulted- was subjected to a rigid inspection.' This 1 that au amicable conclusion between the was conducted under officers of the 1 litigantie-was reached—ail suits were dis- United States,, detailed by the Adjutant -continued at the request 'of the original Gofer:del' the army. The results have petitioners, and the litigation terminated., ;idly justi fi ed the eXpenditure of time I without cost -to the Commonwealth. • -- and money made by 'offieers and men in It is believed that all railroads over organizing the camps, In view of this which the courts - of Pennsylvania- have experience, and of the policy of * assem jnrisdiction, are. now' prosteuting• their bling the National Guard 'in eamp for in business with-oil p?oducers according to struction, gathered as- they I are froin-re; ' the spirit (if the Constitution. • mote localities, and • without!other oppor 'That all shippers in ,the State may be tunity for drill and military iintY in large in condition to have the protection of stat-. masaes, authorhy'should be 'given by law. lite law, it is 'urg,ed that you enact the to.order such encampments 1; and suflici necessary legislation so' that the peovis- eat pay • slebuld be - allowed einem s and. ions of the Constitution may be placed in men for their detention in camp for not • reach of 'execution by the courts over all less than tine week ann ually. . transportation companies, at all times, in - 1 . D 1. . 1 _ .-- - sse .. yEN,AL AN ,Eintisitv issrertoNs. all places, and in all, interests. • - MUNICIPAL ICIbVEIINMENT. _ ' The : report of the Board of Public . No action has yet been taken upon the Charities will contacii the details_ which report of the municipal -commission of, will show the condition. of our penal and 18104. It co - Mains a limes of well.diger_t-' charitable institutions. , It gives me pleas ed facts, (hewn (rem • many directions. urn to bear -testimony to the fidelity which Whether legislative action should adept in the •main,..characterizes the manage suhstantiallY. the bill accompanying - the ment. The condemnation, by the Board, report, or Modify existing charters, of many jails, .no longer fittedfor foe'por- May safely be left to your judgment;'_ pos!) l of their construction, should 'claim The central idea arrived at by this coin , ' your attention. ..- - - 6ion, and liketomtnissions in other States, With the completion during . the past has been the: necessity of providing f . er year of the jumpitals ;for the insane at the concentration of responsibility in the Norristowtiand-:Wnrren, the. State has ' heads of the 'departments, and the power made amPle and comfortable provisions lodged either iu the mayor,'which is prof- fel-three thousand two hundred insane ' erablq; or in the Governor,f prompt sus- 14 ig - nis—ample, it is hoped, , for years to pension and unwind. This is, particular; One. It ought to be said of the corn : ly„ the over-ruling necessity of the InreT missions to carry into offset the legisla cities; which, from the multiplietey,and don for the hospitals at Norristown And 1 maguitude of the: objects of control, aire. Warren; that e they have completed their 1 nuist•apt to run into enormuns expentli- ,work honestly, cleanly, and et:mime:4lly, hires and gross 'abuses before they can be and that in -these buildings and their,ap checked. In the mailer cities and towns purtenancemthe State has received the the! matter is generally,. if nut always, full value . of the : money expended. • sufficiently under the--control of the par- The State has been .suppiementing the tics mot interested— the taxpayers.\ . Rouge of private charity by aiding "Penn- The absence of great - .schernes of i im- .sylvania Working doe for Blind Mee D provethentand the easy understanding of and the "Pennsylvania Institution fin- rill numicipal affairs of small cities, preclude strnetion of Blind,'' :St Philadelphia:: and. restrain the temptations to .t.xtrava- "Training School, for 'Feeble :Minded gauce and abuse, at the same time.that Children," .at Media ; .Pennsylvania Ins the simplicity oltheir organization; n tiler titution flit Instruction- of Deaf and' existing laws, places it in the piwer of Dumb," at -Philadelphia, and the "West-. citizens to remove and correct mnbad niii, ern'Pennsylyania Instruction of Deaf and istration.befoeescrious peril can thr( Men. Dumb," at . Pitts.burg, and s- ,me others. --- The municipality and township is the ' The adtninistration of these charities unit ot e our pelitical structure. These by boards elected -by, private contribu loc:l organinzations conserve thela •geei, tions, and Objected to ofiienal State super mass of the • interests s and direct the Vision, has atnntled a mosr humane relief greater part of the daily _life of our peO- for those of our fellnw-beings_ who have ple.. 'Nation:ll.mM State laws touch only been whirled out etij all the joyoes'pondi the circ u mference of the 'political WI dons of life: . ', ' . • swial being of the-citizen : municim I or- For the present, and in the financial (finances and regulationseaffectshis in ei eiit straits of the -State Treasury, While, con and comforts, daily and, hourly, au I are tinuance of appropriation , . to all ' these inwontact with 'him at, all points. The instititions may be judicious, they must municipal _and township,organizatio sof be made upon the closest and most rigid 'ourrState, with the „exceptional stn sof view of their necessities the Very large citieg, have, grown u out : . • , . rim STATE FIsUF.III`COMMISsIONEEs. of and according to the necessitei and. - . . . „ characteristicaof 'their inhabitants. . This _ The, interest taken in the pro , - is the true beam rule which is to pr seine, and protection of .edible :fish the free institutions of the country. It is, ii,rns of nagging in any of - wise to/interfere with. - this loco self- tair work is admiral) , government as little as.possible. ' . . • the careful and en.' . _ The_ first object is ,to lodge tem e locab United States c responsibility, and define it, so that the h e y e liar iieople of the locality can hold it strictly b ean o, accountable., . . The second object is to as the relation - of the' local organizatioia to.-the larger mats of the State: - . When the. powers, duties, and. responsibilities of the people's agents are sharply defined, and the-pecu niary obligattons of the Municipality nig idly enfereedz the, legislative ditties and powers of the superior goVertiment may well cease. The success or failure of local (mnnicipal) government is then' the just measure of the activity, intelligence, and patriotism of the people, • - • - In general, dm bill proposed by the . commiSsion conforms - to these principles. The most essential points of concentrating 'eseentiveduties, divorcing theni from the legislative powers, and fixing the resPons ibility!of properly or improperly execut- • lug the Jiituncipal will, and making prompt correction of the errors ofiecapa city or the crimes of dishonesty, .the bill fully 4 recognizes. The machinery by which these results are reaelwkis commend ed to veer adoption. It is to %be hoped that the labors of the etinunission will not be lost, and that the civic legislation °f e ttle Coin-. monwealth may be wisely improved, saving the full autonomy of the municipal corpora tions, at the same time that it guards the rightS of the corporato r . .• . SECOND GEOLOGICAL suns}:'.-' - : - • • The Sec end Geologieal Survey of the St:te is progressing as fast rs the appropria tio s will permit.. This - -a work which, if not 'wells, done, -should not be done_ at all. It nmst possess the inmost .scientific accuraey: Its treatment of soils and minerals, their lo eation and, distribution, must be` theresult of painstaking work, done on the,g,ronial.. Its 'surveys mid alignments must show theactual faet;, and lie made from ached measurements. 1 This is precisely-the was in which this great :Ind import:int work is "being dove. e lt 14 in time hands of a hoard who _understand fully the value of the 'duty in hank under the ' superintendence, as titate Geologist, in' J. Peter Lesley, Esq., whose attainntots and qualifications are unquestioned, So far for -I_r-firer reltorts of this work have been pub dished, and sixteen--reports. are - in •prepare '''tion. These retwts have justly, attriwted the highest attnntiow .everywhere. Forty-two counties have been surveyed in full, eighteen in part, anti seven not at all. These seven are Cohnubia, Luzerne, Lackawanna, Pike, Schuylkill, Berks 'and Carbon. They em brace the anthracite coal-regidn of the State, and have been reserved L that the work upon them may be made continuous and exhafis live. In a scientific and commercial point of view, the surveys M be done in them will pos sess the highest value: It will be expedient - to make time appropriations td continue this worklin accordance with the views of the board eontrolling the Second Geological Sur vey. STATE ItOkRD OF AGRICULTURE. It is important to note the continued .p revived-interest 'in - the agricultural pursuits of the. State. Discs ssion is now -'so wide spread among the people in their' tocal and county agricultural ,societic.s. so much sound information as to soils, fertilizers, Fitock and methods is now being disseminated, that .our fanners will .he likely tO reach a very 'high point of production, and in 'time erne to a proper adjustment as to hi - Mic prod. , uets, and the theatre of a more sitc&s, , ful com petition with other States. The attendance atl the meetings of the State Board Of Agri chlture shows intelligent appreciation or this great and fimdamental industry in . the State.. The papers thtre read are worths of pernmn ent record, and someuw , ans should be devised for more' fallitful, more appropriate and wider distribution of the published volumes, con taining them, than they now-ha Ye. 'The-prevalence of the disease among cattle known as contagious pleuro-pueumonia„ Leal to the enactment, on the Ist dayrnf 31ar, IStIY, of ti stringent stidote for its termination,t. =lli Under that tittiliite 020 diicretionati powers were giieti td theGeiertick timixe appointed by hint to • enforce It. 17tonisat .T: Edge Esq.,Setretary pf the State Board_ of Agriculture, was appointed as . .lhe• agentof the Governor. He gate instant and zealous attention to .the - suppression - of the 'dispose. He has been Enlist:mit:4llY sacessful; indeed, except as infected cattle have, from time to time, been brought „front other States into ours, it has been' eradiCated. The ntetitol4 adopted have met the approval of those niast interested in b'is sitecais, mu] they have been pursued with the utmost economy. The en- - . tire expense to the State, from - March, 1879, to December, 1880, has been but $7,447.28, 'nearly. half of which has been :paid for in fivleti- cattle killed by proper orclim. For the sane purposes and without the same satisfac tory results, the State of New York, has ex- Tended $50,000, and the State of New Jersey SAOOO, ; ris _ The, interest taken in the propagation 'ye and protection of .edible :fishes shows no is.'Signs of flagging in any of the States, hnd theirlf- work is admirably sUpplemented by • the careful and elaborate reports ef,lthe !al' United States Commis Sion. Pentrsylvania• to ke ps Pace with other States.' in this 3 branch of government. economy, 'and the • report Of'tlie State board will be found to be full, intelligent and iuterMing. :The increase in' the valuable food,fishes Of Pennsylvania already surpasses, in ab solute-money value returned Jo the peo.: ple„,\ the expenditure so far. • . • The report of this .y r' ill catalogue the !fish which alrzady have been increas ed and multiplied in the waters of the State, and those also which are in the process of further propagation. • • Large distributions, have been made in the' public and in man f private water's of Pennsylvania, and success' has attended these distributions• numerous cases. Improvements in tislWay4 is progressing,_ and when piratical" ishing shall have been put - an end to, -*solute success hi-their construction and adaption may faiflybe predieted. The CommisSiOneiS found themselVes compelled 'to put 'the law ityforee against, : predatory fishing in theiwiglfborhood. -. Of • their fiShway lately constructed.id:the, Columbia dam, and' it is hoped that; the result, of 'the _Severe .measurev 'adopted. will tend to correct the evil, .and prevent its recurrence in .future. - -./ Low water and unlawful - practices abOut the fishery dui lug the ran Of, had in •the last season made it•impracticable to judge or / the - efficiency of the plan ad`pptedl-but' improTements in!'constrnction suggested. by a first trial and a, stoppage of illegal fishing, ..lead the- Co mmissiouers to hope .that the desideratum of a :successful fish way for shad will-at length - be filled. The .report of the Board, Will no doubt, be read with attention by the increasing mnlier-of our citizens-juterested in this recent ceonomicalrnoveMent: THE NORTHERN .AND WESTERN.BOUNDARY The northern and Western - boundaries of the State have-been tinder the investi gation of joint ecimmisslons, ordered by the States interested, in 1876,and 1878. They were "to . examine a t s, to the true location of the monuments "which mark the boundary line between, this State " and New York, 'on.• the north, and,Oltio and West Virginia on the. west. The. lines have be - cit thoroughly .explored and found not to be precisely upon the o•eogra -111061 lines recorded by charter or by law as the boundaries—the -12' 1 of .north and a short . meridian extending from a point near. Wat:sburg, in Erie county, north to lake Erie,. in the case of Newm York.and'Pennsylvaa, and a meri dian, commencing at the westqri end of' Mason and - Dixon's line, north to Lake Erie, in the case of West Virginia, Ohio, and Pennsylvania.' A inajority of both! commissions, -on the side of Pennsylvania, hold that the "true locations'.. are the meridian and the- parallel, respectively. The Ohio commission.liold- that the storation.of the old line, although depart ing from the meridian, ,is the " true loca tien." The-New York comtnission• has* not,-as yet, submitted. ita-views. It may becomb'a difilenit • question and require yonr consideration. The abbertations in the ease of thelar alio' are more extensive than in'those of ~the meridiau,.fts it is .more difficult to lay down a hue of latitude, than it is a meri diaii. , . The maximum variations from a true parallel are found to exceed one thousand !cot, whilst those . from the ineridiaifilo not . filueli exceed ono hundred feete,: - It will be-for the Legislatures of the sererah States to decide - whether- to accept and continue the erratic lines as the boundar ies; as they have stood for a! century, or Min doWn.the geographical lines of re-4: ;corlt,. aided by the exact-appliances of the „present - day;,and perpetuate grin, if, pciss ible, without interfering'with vested inter ; eSts, All the commissions ari, now ;waits frig the action of this State: What is especially needed is the appropriation natatory to place, or replace, the MOUU 'dents oft the bottndary lines, the recent surteyri boing simply .e» Irked by tempor nry stakes; likely to be retie:eyed and thus compel the work soon to tre done over again. • igiSslssiriq VALLEY . STATES E026111510E. Several conventions have been held at Louisville and St. Louis of delegates ap pointed by the Governors of the several States bordering on the ,Ohio, Mississppi and Missouri rivers. and their navigable tributaries. The commission has reach ed a permanent organization. Its main purpose is the deepening,. widening and improving the navigation of the rivers named: They have now become thorough; fares for much of the commerce of this :State. - Pennsylvania has been represent ed by three delegates at these conventions, and some expenses have been incurred by them, and, if our repreirentatien is to 'Continue, more will -be _lncurred by them in the future."-:The Chamber of Com meree, at Pittsburg, has forwarded a reso lution tir that body, requesting "the Govt eruor to favor, in his forthcoming mes sage, the apprOpriatioti necessary to meet 'Pennsylvania's share of the work of the commission, a,well as that of the Ohio river Commission," and have suggested an appropriation of "$l,OOO per annom for.five years for the;above naised,pur pose." The sutject" is submitted for pfur consideration. sTAYEAHJARD 01.* lirgivexons. / During the year. a convention of engi neers and snrveyors assembled at Harris burg. There is untioubtedlit serious mis chief done as the . result of ignorant and incompetent work in these professions, and much injustice and expense entailed upon litigan*nd others by reason there of. lAs a result of the deliberations- of the-xonvention, composed of skillful men in their calling, a bill has been prepared, entitled, "Ali act to eitablish , a State 800 of Surveyors, and_ tp provide for thtihetter regulation of surveys in the Conlmonwealth of Pennsylvania." This bill is correct in principle, and its details well-fitted to the necessities of the case, both in private transactions and public r relations to the courts. - • By joint resolution,' approved Febrnary led, the General Assembly reqhested the Attorney General to institute proceed ings in the courts against the American University bt Philadelphia, on account of the iibuse of its franchises 'An" the unlaw, ful sale.of - its diplomas to • persons who • had not pur. ued the prescribed: course.of study, and Who were • unfitted, by reason of igeorance, to practice medicine." In accordance with the request, writs of quo _ r rant° were hued, out by him against. the Ameri6anTniversity of Phila delphia and the -Eclectic Medical College of Philadelphia, anotlier institution claim ine-a•like charter, and managed by the same persons controlling Ilia'Amencatt University. 'ln both cases favorable judgments have been- rendered, and ; the said charters declared forfeited by the courts, 'and 'as an incidental - - - result, the maiiiver and official head of these institu tions has been convicted ,and'imprisoned for violating the laws relative to the sale of4liplomas and other•crimes:. roceediiigs, not yet' terminated,''have also been commenced against the Phil adelphia Univergiti of Medicine and Sur gfery, which is mentioned in the preamble tie the resolution; and is believed to ,be of film character with those forfeited, and a like 'favorohle result is expected. •.• • This action on the part of the State authorities has not been too speedy.. Evi dence 'of the sale - of diplomas in large. numbers, notenly in this country but- in England and on the Continent of, Europe, has been secured, Old coenplainta-trans , 'flitted through our representatives abroad • to Die State Department at .Washington, of the presence iti. the hatids of grossly . ignorant persons of regularly issued diplo teas from institutions chartered by the State of Penesylvania,. authorizing. the holders to praCtice medicine, are corrobo- L : rative of .aset.rt ained facts. . It Ras high time that so gerious a disgrace to .the ,goad name of the Sfate should be abat, ed.. :Co appropriation was made to enabl4 the Attorney General to prosecute this work, and he was, practically poiverleis until the necessary,!means were advanced by a pubEc spirited citizen of Philadel phia, to whom, I trust,. recompense will be made through appropriate legislation. • I further recommend- the adoption of system of registration of medical diple- Inas,. with appropriate penalties for non registration or for practicing under - a di ploma irregularly obtained. ' ME! 130431178 DIPLOMAS TIM BI•RENTENNIAL ''.OV PENN'S, ARRIVAL. • IN PIIILAin:I.PRIA. . 1 ' As the Legislature will not meet again under our new Consiitution until 1883, 1. deem this a proper occasion. ,to call your attention to the iiioposed - celebration of the settlement of Our - Commonwealth,_ by the illustrious statesman, William Penn, whose name and memory are , held in high esteem by all who hove studied..the history,cif our common: Country. The mayor of Philadelphia haa.recently called the attention - of the councils of that city, by a special message, to the fact that " two - lsufadred years will,. in the autumn of 1882, be completed since William Penn came first to the place where Philadelphia now.stands, and, Ly ,personal. presence . and habitation, took possession of his do-' main. i : hi view of the fact iltsit the celebration bf it great histerieal event Would have s in some degree, a historical aSpect, the mayor thinks "it desirable that a consultation should be had with_the Historical Society of,Pennsyl vaiiia, a body to whose usefulness in pres 4,.. tilt ing in hiator the-history of our city, province; and State alike," he pays a high tribute.., Th, (smiled!: of Philadelphia have aeted tln the recommendation of their mayor, and ' / 'ollllp it ( ei.:: have been appointed to give effect 14; his siggestions, and to report what prelim.: inary action. it 'may be proper to take in the pronises, - . . . . Tile CommonwealthiofPentisylvania might not let such. an event as the first arrival and rtslidenCe of Wiflittfn Penn within her 'mt.- tiers pass without 'a recognition worthy of its intere::t. We all shobhil take part in it, and exert ourselvts to : make., the „celebration worthy the . wisdom and virtues of the filund er, of our State, . and 'a tit 'expressiOn of the gratitude of us all to that beneficent Provi , t hence, by whose' guidance and protection he was brought to our shores. • , • . >I recommend the subject to your copsider • ati;ni and a •tion. ' 43 1 . ' • CENTENNL L CELEBRATIQN AT 40.11.8.T0WN.. It is contemplated. to make hdevate and worthy eekibration of the centennial of the' surrender Of Lord Cornwallis. at: YorktoWn on the 19th daY.of October, 1781. As the final act'of the war of. the 14yolution, it has an historical bearing of espeeml significance, This celebration has reo-ived the approba tion of the national Cong.ressond the sum 0f f'420,00.1 has lien -appropriated towards the expense of In October, 18i9 - ,'the Gover nors of the States, which were - the brignal 1 thirteen colonies, either personally or by duly-a lith en t kat ed . representatives met in Philadelphia, tol'concert sortie measure. by which the peopld of these - States might unite iti ,the recognition 'of thisinteresting event. The Meeting raS attended by many nleasing • I . . . . . i incidents, recalling the memorps winch bind . us to the work of . our patriot f a thers , and the motives to it commit) and fraternal effort to render - the coming oceasion • worthy of their united and happy children. - But it iyas im possible to give the resolves of that meeting any official, indorsement. I trust that the Legislature of Penhsylvania Will take finch aetion as is necessary fb impress upon the proposed- centennial 'olkiervanVes at York town, the stamp of the sanction of the State of Pennsylvania, mid. give them the pMmise. of enthusiastic participation in them by. the LI / people. of Pennsylvania. , "i- .' TILE SECOND SERIES OF PENNSYLVANIA ..AUCIIIYES Five .additional volumes of the current series of. Archives, as directed to be printed bv the Legislature, have - been published. Voltnes.eight, nine,.and twelve have . beeti delivered 'by the State 'Printer, while vol times ten and eleven will be ready in the course ofi six weeks. The latter volumes comprise the muster-rolls and history of the Pennsylvania Lint, and battalions in the revolution, and 'are undoubtedly 'the most valuable State publiattionS ever issued. Vol ume, twelve comprises the first portion of. the muster-rolls•and. documents relating to thet War of 1812-14. An additional volume will be required. to cotpplete their publication. There are in existence the following State papers l'or the publication of which no legis lative provisions have been made: Volume 'two of muster-rolls of Pennsylvania volnu teers in the war of 1812;44, with otutempora ry documents; papers relating to the Wy oming (Connecticut) controversy; paperlre lacing to the early government of the . Prov ince - of Pennsylvania ; correspondence and documents concerning the mntroversi be- —, • - tween, the Penns and Lord Balt i more A o n the Maryhtrid Imidarr ; the Vi r; V ard bounda ry controvsery ; minutes of the of Pi ov . ertythiring the Plvvinciel era;' muster-rolls of the Pennsylvania Anioeistors, the minute_ men of the Revolution, and the Rangers f)l4. .the frontiers &ring the same peril'''. Th,.„, documents might be - riblishea wlth the other volumes of the series y et „"; the early liebiejes are exhausted by doutt h,„ tollibranes and ale to subscribers, additionaL copies ordered to be rimed should be yob:: Hilted with actual title of . contents. Thie, subject is suggested for your emsiderafien.. " IN MEMORIAM. • Upon the morning of the ninth day of. last August, William Bigler died at his residence in Clearfield. - • Themanifoisl public,services of this. distinguished citizen gave him high rank among the !servant* of the State,. and made his death st loss to the s:n• tire Commonwealth. He was'lxorn in 1813, at, Sherman,i burg, in Cumberland county, but very early life removed to Mere county, and soon !afterwards• mim e his home in Clearfield. Here , he en gaged and prospered in~ the lumber business, and quietly gained the re spect and, confidence of lits fellow citizens. - - -He was thrice, elected a member of the State Senate, and was once. etio senits president. He was appointed. one of the board of revenue commis sioners to. apportion among the dif ferent counties of the State the taxe, to be -paid upon real and personal property. • . In. 1851 he was, elected GoVernor Of this Commonwealth, anal in 1•55 was chosen to represent Pennsylvania in the Senate of, United States. in 1873 he beeatne._a member of tho convention which framed out piese4constitutioniand took an irp• podia:part in its deliberations. ii i latest public. services were given / to. the United States Centennial Cond mission, and greatly contributed to " the success of our centennial exhibi tion. .Varying• as welt& the demands made upon his:character and ability by these differing public •triists, hi proved. equal to them all, and amply. justified the wide confidence the peo. pie had so repeatedly feposed.in, him. His life of attic usefulness was fit tingly closed by ddeath of christicn peace; • - Warren J. Woodward, one . of" . •the justices of the Supreme Court of this State,died on the • 27th day of .Sep• tember, 1879, at. the age' of sixt.l-- years. Judge Woodward was • born in Wayne county, Penn's.'. His anet-s -try were' of .the NevriEngland gration which settled . northerii• . part of . the State under the-old Con necticut disputes of• a• hundred ycar-. ago. - He was . admitted to tilt! pram. tice of the - law in' Luzerne county. - His active professional life was spent in IVilkes-Barle, where -he married daughter Of T - the Hon. David., Scott. In 1856 . he was elected pretddent judge of the district composed of,thc counties of Columbia, Wyoming and In'lB6l -i and again in he was elected president judge o,f the courts of Berks'cOunty. ; • • • Judge Woodwaird was a - of singular - purity, modesty, and sim plicity of character. Ile was a train ed student,.not only in the law, but in general literature. He was exact. an all the details of his private life. .and conscientious,' faithful, zealon ,, : and thorough in - .the discharge of alll public duty, • His intellectual pro cesses led' him td.rnake his conclit- Simla from general' nrinCiples, and lie was . essetitially phildsophicat ,in his .methods of thought. His -mental ac-., tivity was.of the highest order, which nevertagged or abated even though he Was -under the .stress - of delicate physical health., At all times he Coin manded„ in respect of his 'integrity, - his force of : character - his' generous humanity, his juridical learning,.and his tenacity for the right, the conli deuce and ldve of the people anion: , whom he . lived His career upon the supreMe - .bench, so" grievously. cut short, tvg:MIA have illustrated . thte _ high qualitics ainkhave enriched tin; legacy we.have jinherited' from the Il lustrious names which have adorned. this highest conyt•of the State. We - - may all well unite in deploring tlac ifreparable - the - Commonwealth has sustained -in the decease of . so.eminent a citizen and. .'ntagistrate. CONCLUSION I have ventured. to refer to •some public questioiiihich may well 1.e.-. ceive ,your "attention. Others will suggest theraselves to yOu. fhe legislation which must receive . your attention will be . Provision for,the revenues of the Comitonwenith The passage of the' approprintion - ,bills necessary to carry on the V4l i-. ous departments, the support of p.n. al and charitable institutions, :19'd - • • the like :! - . A bill to refund the public- debt to mature iri 1882 • Bills to re-apportion the State into legislative,' judicial,. and congression al districts. I deem It'important, to incite •yout , _ attentjon to the korisions of the Cobstltution relating to .special. legislation'.. • The'sweet)ing character . •of the seventh section of the third articlileaves little room for the ep acttnent of any other th - an general law* Such lawS are, in sd,me instan ces, needed to carry into, !effect the proVisiOns of the Constitution, many of which are. inoperative in the :ab sence of appropriate legislation. To the end that•tiina. may not be con sumed in the consideration of .act , within the constitutional prohibition, I remind you that. the" Executive„ bound, with yourselves, to a • strict enforcement of the restraints on :Ty: vial legislation. - It*will be my highest duty and pleasure .to , co-operate . with you whenever requested or. required. will also - be my highest hope that your labors 'May receive the approval of your own judgment, and the jot sanction of your constituents. --• HENRY HOYT. 'Harrisburg, January 4, lssl. . VennOr, the• Weather prophet. pre dictsfor January as follows : AS will have been seen from , the forecast of . December, I antieipno that New Year callers will. .have heavy 51eigh ing this year from Montreal to W:i;11- ington, D. 'C., and that a cold snap during the first quarter of this month will preserve it for that -period.' I expect a. blockade of' snow in the llnited: States the 7th and -stli of . January; and rainy days during. the quarter will be exceedingly few. The second quarter will 6peu.with heavy snow falls, and terminate in a ci,l•l snap. The middle of the month will' bring snow falls !which-will terminate' in milder weather towards thecq of the thlrd quarter: This thaW,'w[licli will be interrupted by a brief eol.l spell, will extend from about.the 1-th of the month into February. The feconl of this month will show it will :have been a, severe one, and the gcli :ernl conditions of the weather will probably rewind us.. of what were ;called "real old fashioned winters." a . i ~ f^ 4 u tJ ~_.}Ttt f 1
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers