tbhms of publication.
. liEr0 BTEB is published every Thursday Mora
, v £ 0. Goodrich, at $2 per annum, in ad
;ng' •
"V.VEKTISEMENTS exceeding fifteen lines are
at TEN CENTS per line for first insertion,
U ' F jve cents per line for subsequent insertions
"l notices inserted before Marriages und
will be charged fifteen cent, per line for
0 ion All resolutions of Associations ;
ll
*-'iiuicutions ol limited or individual interest,
.. , uce s of Marriages and Deaths exceeding fivo
•ire charged ten cents per line.
1 Year. 6 mo. 3 mo.
' Square, 10 7i 5
- , r .,v. I'AUtion, Lost and Found, and oth
;,ivcrtiscments, not exceeding 15 lines,
agee weeks, or less, $1 50
iui-drator's and Executor's Notices... 200
(liter's Notices 2 50
'lj n ess Cards, five lines, (per year) 500
Vl chants and others, advertising their business
j,. charged S2O. They will be entitled to 4
■ confined exclusively to their business, with
;i t >ge of change.
Advertising in all cases exclusive of sub
■j : iou to the paper.
IB PRINTING of every kiud in Plain and Fa
n done with neatness and dispatch. Hand
llianks. Cards, Pamphlets, Ac., of every va
.(l stvle, printed at the shortest notice. The
. N Office has jnst been re-fitted with Power
•jws. and every thing in the Printing line can
w - ited in the most artistic manner and at the
TERMS INVARIABLY CASH.
iOnqmal |Mrg.
For the Reporter.
XIIK LITTLE BROWN SCHOOL IIOUSF..
BY CRETIAS.
T1 re's a little school-house brown,
•"Way up town ;
()n the road to Waverly—
Do you see ?
W hi-re the boys and girls are brought,
v.. 1 their young ideas taught
How to shoot,
Aud take root!
Many a locust hanging o'er.
Shades the door,
Which to keep the clothes unnrassed—
From the dust,
Shuns the gate that street-ward opes ;
Turning to the grassy slopes
Of the sward,
River-ward.
All day long the hall within,
Is there din,
Of the scholars conning o'er
Heavy lore ;
They are learning A. 15, C,
Figures, Latin, II istory: —
It's done brown,
'Way up town 1
In the teacher's easy chair,
Seated there.
Is an eye of smiling brown,
No dark frown
Ever direful terror throws,
Where the gentle mistress goes
It's done brown,
' Way up town!
Planned, they say, this house so neat,
Up the street,
(hie who hopes to see it great
In the state ;
Odks from little acorns grow,
Men from little babies ; so
With "the Brown"
' Way up town 1
f aan da, Dec. 4, 1805.
i
RESOURCES AND PROSPECTS OF
AMERICA.
A nest valuable work on the Resources
. ; I't snects of America has just appear
::i the pen of Sir Mortcu Peto. Iu a
line of moderate size, he presents us
<a great mass of statistical informa- ;
arefully compiled from the bulky Re- {
is 1 the Commissioners of the Census !
■ United States, and from other sources :
.easy of access to readers in general. |
..e is, however, far from being a !
re compilation ; on some parts of the I
•'t the author writes from personal ob- g
rvau n. aud 011 every part he freely of
rs his wn pinions and reflections.
Sr M r;, u Peto begins by referring to
r< markable fact of the prosperity of
| '..erica even during the trying time of the
War; lor this he accounts by attribu-
I it t the " wonderful elasticity of the
J wees of the United States." The na-j
■ debt, which was only sixty-five mil- |
f dollars at the commencement of the
r thirteen million pounds sterling, is
1 '* almost three thousand million of dol- j
I - r six hundred million pounds sterl- !
i - iut such is the confidence of the peo
•a the resources of their country thatj
. expect it to be all paid off in thirty
or even in a shorter time. "From j
C-sident at Washington," Sir S. M.
--•}'*, " down to the humblest agricul- j
R ni the Far West, I found but one pre- !
feeling respecting the debt." lie
' referred to the experience of the past.
l 'as told "that the debt entailed by the
' IM2 was wholly discharged from '
■ dinary sources of revenue iu a period j
eteen years ; aud that practically tue
n "t that debt had never been felt by
•y, though, considering the dift'er
the numerical population, the capi
w-<- iltli, and the future prospects of the
"y, it was almost as great a debt, iu
ion, as the present."
"! among the natural resources of the ;
' r y is its fertile soil, of which more
iv is every year brought into cu'.ti- '
' !l lue extremely rapid increase of '
puhttion is in part due to the facility |
• which the means of subsistence and j
■ atort are obtained by all who are
•ie ot work, but in great part to im-j
.ration. The population of the United I
•tea was only 5,305,925 in 1800, and in
:t wa.-- 51,429,000; but it is calcnla
it "ol the whole population iu 1863,
•migrants of the present century and
Ascendants number more than twen
miilioij, or two-thirds of the whole."*
•"migrants are derived from all coun
htirope, but in greatest numbers j
'Teat Britain and Ireland. Many
mive recently settled in California.
a wide error in this statement. From i
ls ln a period of twenty years—the in- 1
1 ;'illation was over 36 per cent. This
the population c-very 23 years.—
mis twenty years there were less than 200,-
r * :; s who had immigrated. Now, if we
y '-:.e case of no increase from immigration,
• i.l tjhe unreasonable to assume the popu
"''i; lgo on in such a country as this to
111 twenty-five years. By this estimate,
. - it: u in 1790 being 3,000.000, would in
been 6,000,000 (below the mark) ; in
•i l have been 12,000.000: and in 1865
•d Lave been li\ing 24,00t1,000 of persons
a d from the original population of 1790.
7 " 1 pulation of iB6O must have been at
- 'Mum. The actual population in 1860
""'.OOO, of which there would have been
"J instead of Sir 8 M. I'eto's 21.000.000)
unted for as immigrants aud their de
-ED. HAM-EE'S Wlerly.
E. O. GOODRICH, Fviblisliei-.
VOLUME XXVII.
The encouragement afl'orded to the settler
is very great. If he is the head of a lami
ly, or twenty-one years of age, he receives
from the Government, substantially as a
free gift, one hundred and sixty acres of
land ; and each of his children, on attain
ing the age of twenty-one years, receives
the like. If he chooses to pursue his trade,
or to seek employment as a laborer in any
of the large towns or in the more densely
peopled parts of the country, he finds wages
much higher than in Europe, and the ne
cessaries of life comparatively cheap. The
high price of labor generally compels the
settler who becomes a farmer to depend on
himself and his family for the cultivation
of his farm, but he can confidently reck 11
on produce more than sufficient for his sup
port. The increase of population in some
of the newly-settled districts has been ex
tremely rapid. Minnesota in 1849 had a
population little exceeding four thousand ;
in 1860 the population exceeded one hun
dred and seventy-two thousand ; and in
1864 it was estimated at three hundred and
fifty thousand. Wisconsin had only 5318
inhabitants in 1830, and in 1860 it had 77"',
881. Indiana had a population of 4875 in
1800, and in 1860 a population of 1,360,-
428. The annual produce of wheat in this
State is now nearly ten million bushels.
The prosperity of California began with
the discovery of gold, but it is already a
wheat-exporting country, and seems likely
to become the granary of the Pacific. The
rapid prosperity of the States is generally
due to their agricultural resources. Sir S.
M. Peto says : " I hope I shall not wound
the national esteem of my American friends
when I say that I regard their country as
essentially agricultural, and by no means
essentially commercial or manufacturing.
But I think their own records : establish my
position. Of about 8,217,000 heads of
families and other individuals whose occu
pations were recorded at the period of the
census of 1860, it appears that up aai d of
three million, or more than one-third, were
directly occupied in the tillage of th. soil.
.... On the other hand, the number of
merchants and clerks in America is only
three hundred thousand... .The population
engaged in manufactures does not assume
a very large proportion to the whole popu
lation."
The American estimate of American
manufactures, aud of the number of peo
ple engaged in them, is only reached "by
including all the fishermen, blacksmiths,
carpenters, tailors, shoemakers, mantua
makers, seamstresses, painters, varuishers,
printers, hatters, masons, mariners, millers, 1
sawyers, lumbermen, and handicraftsmen
ol every sort in the community. Manu
facturing industry, properly so called, is
almost entirely confined to a few of the
Northern States.
The extent of improved land in farms in
the United States, according to the census
returns of 1360, was 103,110,720 acres;
• the extent of unimproved land included in
j farms was 144,101,818 acres ; and the un
| cultivated territory not yet included in
i farms was 1,466,960,862 acres. The rapid
! progress of agriculture is shown by the
i fact, that while the cash value of the farms
; under actual cultivation in 1850 was esti
mated at $3,261,565,000, it had risen in
iB6O to $6,645,045,000 —being an increase
! of no less than 103 per cent, in these ten
j years. The amount of agricultural pro*
j ducc has also increased even during the
| war. In consequence of th • high price of
I labor, the farming is generally very imper
fect ; yet, mainly from the advantage of
climate, the American farmer is able to
produce a bushel of wheat at much less
cost than the most scientific farmer in Eng
land can. The wheat, well protected by
the deep snow in winter, comes rapidly for
ward in the cool weather of spring, and
the bright sunshine of the summer months
brings it to great perfection. Wheat and
Indian corn are the grains principally cul
tivated in the more northern parts of Amer
ica. Rice is grown in some parts of the
South. Indian corn supplies the principal
part of the food of the people, both in the
North and in the South. It is of extreme
ly easy cultivation, and its productiveness
is far beyond that of other grains. Peas
and beans are largely cultivated in Ameri
ca. Potatoes are produced in great quan
tities in the Northern States, and sweet po
tatoes in the South. Turnips are little cul
tivated, the climate being too dry. The
dairy produce, both of butter and cheese,
is large. The improvement of quality in
American cheese since it began to be im
ported into Britain has attracted the notice
of almost every consumer. It is account
ed for by the establishment of a great
" cheese-fact ry " system in the dairy dis
tricts of the State of New York and neigh
boring regions. " Each farmer sends his
milk to the dairy, and is credited for the
quantity supplied. Skilled persons are em
ployed at the factories to make the cheese,
and it has been found that these factories
turn out an article of far better quality
than used to be made in private dairies."
The prices of grain and dairy produce in
America, depend mainly upon the prices in
London. The exports of grain from the
United States in 1863 amounted to seventy
seven million three hundred and ninety-six
thousand and eighty-two bushels, of which
forty-seven million eighty two thousand and
twenty-six bushels were sent to Great
Britain and Ireland. The grain-trade was
rapidly developed after the opening of the
Erie Canal in 1825, and of late years it has
increased with wonderful accelerated ra
pidity ; much grain produced in the North
western States finding its way eastward by
the Erie Canal, much of it from the lake
ports by the St- Lawrence, and much of it
by railways. Milwaukee, in Wisconsin,
! which was scarcely inhabited twenty-five
years ago, and which exported only 4000
1 bushels of grain and flour in 1841, exported
18,812,380 bushels in 1863.
! Wool is not yet an important article of
; produce in the United States, although in
some places there are fancy farms, where
great attention is paid to the breeds of
j sheep : and merino sheep of unsurpassed,
I or perhaps unequaled, excellence are to be
found in Vermont ; but California is ex
pected soon to become a great wool-pro
ducing country. The climate of the At
lantic States is not suited to the silk worm,
( and attempts at silk-culture there have fail
i ed ; but it is supposed that ir may succeed
; admirably in the Pacific States.
Nowhere in the world is the feeding of
swine so important a branch of rural econ
: omy as in some parts of the United States.
I Cincinnati has long been celebrated for its
TOWANDA, BRADFORD COUNTY, PA., AUGUST 16, 1866.
trade in pork. The hog is killed, cut up,
and packed by machinery. Cincinnati kills
and exports four hundred thousand hogs
per annum. Chicago has, however, lately
acquired even greater importance as a
pork-exporting town. A million of hogs
are killed annually in Chicago. It is now,
indeed, not only the largest market in the
world for pork, but also for corn and tim
ber, although it was but a mere Indian
trading station till 1830, and its pork trade
began in 1835 with the " packing " and ex
portation of three hundred hogs.
The high price of labor has stimulated
invention, and no people have so abounded
as the Americans in mechanical contri
vances to supply the want of human hands.
Many ol those machines—as the sewing
machine—have been brought to Europe,
and some of them are extensively used in
Britain, although less important to us from
the comparative cheapness of labor. As
might be expected, many of the American
inventions are intended to lacilitate the la
bors ol agriculture.
Ol the textile manufactures of America,
that of cotton is by far the most important,
but the number of spindles is not much
j more than one-sixth of that employed in
Britain; moreover, much of the cotton
spun in America is spun in the cotton-pro
j ducing States, to be used iu the form of
! cordage, or made into cotton bags or pack
ing cloths. Notwithstanding the duties
imposed in the United States, great quan
tities of cotton goods of British mauufac
| ture are imported. The linen manufacture
is inconsiderable. Sir S. M. Peto does not
hesitate to condemn the whole system of
protective duties, by which American man
ufactures are unnaturally fostered, as in
jurious to America itself and to the
world. As to the protective duties ou cot
ton goods, he says : " Not only are the
Americans raising the price of an article
of the largest consumption among every
class of their own community, but they are
actually raising this price at their own ex
pense as growers and exporters of the raw
material from which these articles are
made ; aud all this for the protection of an
interest which can not compete with its ri
vals in its own market, and can not pro
duce any thing like the quantity required
for the use of its own population."
Sir S. M. Peto is very zealous in his ad
vocacy of free trade. He expresses his
confidence that as the people of Britain re
fused to be taxed for the exclusive benefit
of agriculturists, so the people of America
will ere long refuse to be taxed for the ex
clusive benefit of manufactures. The whole
question has a special importance at pres
ent, in view of the commercial relations be
tween the United States and the British
provinces in North America. It seems al
most impossible that any other system than
that of free trade can long prevail between
countries so situated as those 011 the north
ern and southern banks of the St. Law
rence. Under au opposite system smug
gling cannot fail soon to become an evil of
most formidable magnitude on the long line
of the frontier.
The mineral wealth of the United States
is very great. Gold is found in some of
the Eastern States, particularly iu Virginia,
the Carolinas, and Georgia ; aud the gold
producing region of the West—still very
partially explored—includes the states of
California and Oregon, and the Territories
of Utah, Nevada, New Mexico, Daeotah,
Washington, Colorado, Montana, and Ari
zona—an area of more than a million of
square miles, extending from British Col
umbia on the north to Mexico on the south,
and from the eastern slope of the Rocky ,
Mountains to the Pacific Ocean. Silver
mining may be said to be only in its in
fancy, although in New Mexico and Arizo
nia, which were acquired from Mexico in 1
IX4S,1 X 4S, silver mines have long been worked, j
111 the hands of another race, and under a
better government, they will now probably j
soon become greatly more numerous aud j
productive. An immense lode of silver ore, i
known as the Comstock Lode, has been dis- j
covered in Nevada, and nearly one hun- |
dred different companies have obtained the 1
right to work parts of it. A fine city, ;
called Virginia City, has sprung up in close :
proximity to these mines, with a population
already of more than ten thousand ; and
the whole of Nevada is rapidly increasing
in population, while new silver mines are
continually being opened in different local- i
ities.
Iron ore exists in great abundance in the
United States, and is widely distributed
Perhaps in no part ol the world is it more
abundant than in the State of Missouri,
where great hills are entirely formed of it.
Little, however, has yet been done to turn
the iron ore of Missouri to account. The
district is deficient in coal, and the railway
system is too incomplete to supply this
want. Another district, extremely rich in
iron ore, but hitherto almost unproductive,
lies in the northern part of Georgia, pass
ing into Alabama. It is in Pennsylvania
and New Jersey that iron ore is at present
most largely worked. There are iron pro
ducing - districts also in New England, New
York, Ohio, Virginia, and both the Caroli
nas ; and during the last ten years a con
siderable amount of capital has been in
vested in iron-mining in Michigan, on the
southern shore of Lake Superior. But the
iron masters of America can hardly hold
their ground, as jet, against competition
with imported iron. The vast supplies of
iron ore which America possesses are rath
er to be regarded as a store for future ages
than as a source of wealth to be largely
developed in the present. There are very
rich mines of copper on 'he shores of Lake
Superior, near Kee-nee-nah Point, where
masses of native copper of extraordinary
size have been found. Copper mines have
also long been wrought in New Mexico.—
Lead is wrought, but not to a great extent,
in Missouri, Wisconsin, aud lowa. Quick
silver has been found in California, but the
produce is not yet very considerable.
The coal fields of America are greatest
in the world. They are computed to be
thirty-six times the extent of those of Great
Britain aud Ireland. They are chiefly situ
ated in the basin of the Mississippi and its
tributaries. The whole annual produce of
coal, however, does not yet amount to much
more than fourteen million tons, or about
one-fifth of that of Britain. Wood is the
ordinary fuel for domestic purposes, and
is even employed for steam-engines, while
the Americans dispense with steam wher
ever they can, and avail themselves of their
"water-privileges." The abundance of iron,
coal, and limestone in America, however,
REGARDLESS OF DENUNCIATION FROM ANY QUARTER.
is suggestive of great expectations concern
ing the future, when the country shall be
more densely peopled, aud able to make
use of its own mineral treasures.
Sir S. M. Feto devotes a chapter to pe
troleum, or rock-oil, and gives a most in
teresting account of oil-springs was mere
ly collected by skimming it from the sur
face of water on which it lloated till 1858,
when a well was sunk in Pennsylvania,
and at once began to yield 400, and after
ward 1000 gallons a day. Great excite
ment ensued, aud a search for oil began
throughout the whole district. Many of
the experiments were unsuccessful, but
when oil was struck the fortunate adven
turer was suddenly enriched. Some of the
wells yield oil without the trouble of pump
ing ; it flows from tliem in a copious stream.
Some wells yield 2000 barrels, aud one
even 3000 barrels daily. Towns have
sprung up iu the oil district ol Pennsylva
nia ; and iu Oil City business is now trans
acted to tbe amount of Jt3,000,000 annual
ly. Other parts of America have also
been found to be rich in oil. It would be
out of place here to do more than merely
allude to the oil-wells of Canada ; but
there are oil-fields in several parts of Penn
sylvania, in Ohio, Kentucky, and Virginia,
while it is said that indications of o:l have
been found in many other States.
Our limits do not permit us to follow
Sir S. M. Peto iu his account of American
commerce—the foreign trade, the coasting
trade, aud the internal trade 011 the lakes
and rivers—to which he devotes a section
of his work. One fact claims particular
attention, that 110 less than oue half of the
export trade of the United States is to
Great Britain ; next to this is the export
trade to France; but the third largest ex
port trade is to the British provinces in
North America, while the exports to other
British possessions are very considerable.
From this may be seen the vast importance
to both nations of constantly maintaining
friendly relations.
Sir S. M. Peto devotes another section of
his work to railways. The rivers of the
country, great and numerous as they are,
utter.y insufficient for the purpose of its in
ternal commerce. The railway system of
America is g-ieat aud rapidly extending ;
but most of the railways are as yet mere
single lines, and their construction is so
imperfect that the rate of traveling is far
less rapid than in Britain. Sir S. M. Peto
enters very fully into the whole subject.
He visited America, indeed, in the capacity
of chairman of the London Board of Control
of the Atlantic and Great Western Rail
way, and his suggestions 011 the construc
tion and management of railways will
scarcely be received by the Americans as
those of a stranger, hut with the respect
due to one whose interests are identified
with their own,and whose experience gives
value to his counsel.
The South is treated in a section by it
self. Differing front the North in its pro
ductions it differs still more in consequence
of slavery, now happily abolished, but so
recently that the results of the great change
have scarcely begun to appear. There are,
as yet, few lines of railway between the
North aud the South. The Southern plant
ers, in times now past,did not wish to have
them, for they were afraid of the use which
might be made of them to carry away their
slaves, and of the influence of much com
munication with the North. The Southern
States have for a long time been nearly
stationary in population. Immigrants did
not flock to them, for the white man labor
ing with his own hands was despised both
by the slaveholders and by the slaves. All
this must now be changed. There is much
land in the Southern States which invites
settlers. Even in Virginia the "improved
laud" amounts only to 11 437,821 acres,
while 19,679,215 acres are "unimproved ;"
whereas in New York the improved land
is more than double the extent of the unim
proved. Much of the uncultivated land in
the South is adapted for the cultivation of
cotton and other strictly southern products,
but much of it also is well suited to wheat.
Of the products of the South, tiie most im
portant—besides cotton, rice, Indian corn,
and tobacco—is sugar. The cultivation of
the sugar-cane is limited to the most south
ern regions, and has of late decreased ; but
tbe sorghum or sugar-grass recently intro
duced from China is admirably adapted to
the climate, not only of the South, but in
deed of almost all parts of the United
States, and its cultivation has rapidly ex
tended, especially in the Northwestern
States.
Sir S. M. Peto's work is so full of infor
mation that what we have been able to ex
tract is but a little portion of it. The spir
it in which it is written is also excellent.
It is the work of an Englishman who loves
his own country and her institutions, but
who regards America and Americans witli
the most kindly feeling. It is calculated
to dissipate prejudice, and to promote good
feeling 011 both sides of the Atlantic.
VALUE OF THE SABBATH. —The Sabbath is
made lor man. There is no exception. It
is for every man ; The birthright ol every
son of Ad .ni ; an inheritance he did not
purchase, and which he cannot sell. It is
made by God, for the cabman and coach
man. It is made for the engine driver, the
stoker, and the guard. It is made for the
waiter in hotels, and the servant in all
public buildings. It is the inheritance both
of the man-servant and the maid-servant.—
It is made for the musician For all these
the Sabbath was made ; it was made for
their soul and body, and woe, thrice woe to
the man who robs them of this their birth
right.
The selfish mis-pend their own Sabbath,
and in doing so rob other men of their Sab
bath. If lam wicked enough and foolish
enough to mis-pend my own Sabbath, not
having the fear of God before mine eyes,
what right have I to compel any other man
to mispend his Sabbath,and thereby to ruin
his soul that he may minister to my pleas
ure ? Every man should remember the
Sabbath was made for man.
The man does a foul wrong to God, and
his own soul, who sells his Sabbath ; and
the man who buys the Sabbath of another
does as foul a wrong to both God and man
He who buys another man's Sabbath,or any
part thereof, commits as flagrant a wrong
as he who sells his Sabbath for hire, and
becomes a profane person like Esau, who
for one morsel of bread sold his birthright.
DON'T have too many friends. He who
can't count his friends can't count upon them.
RICHMOND AND ITS BATTLE-FIELDS.
BY REV. TUEO. L. CUTLER.
Richmond and its Southern outpost, Pe
tersburg, are still a battle-field. The ghost
of the late war still haunts those historic
regions. In no part of the defunct Confed
eracy docs the spirit of the rebellion linger
with such inveterate vigor as on the James
and the Appomattox. The country-folk
tell us that, if you kill a snake, his tail will
writhe and wriggle "till sundown." The
armed loyalty of the nation—with the sword
in one hand and the edict of emancipation
in the other —slew the serpent of secession:
but there is a vigorous vitality yet squirm
ing in the caudal extremity of the copper
head.
A visitor to Richmond soon discovers
that the beautiful city—with its tasteful
streets and flower-surrounded mansions ou
Shoccoe Hill—is still the headquarters of
that freedom-hating oligarchy which made
Richmond its fortified stronghold for four
bloody years. The town is quiet and or
derly. A few scattered blue-coats of the
regular army are seen in the streets. A
sentinel in blue paces before the doors of
Gen. Terry's residence—that same door
whence Jell" Davis lied in hot haste on the
afternoon of Sunday, the 2d of April, 1865.
The stars and stripes lluat from the quar
ters of the troops. But we did not see them
on any private residence during our late
visit to Richmond. The only portrait of
Uncle Abraham that we discovered was in
a negsoe's candy-shop. On the other hand,
the windows of the print-stores and book
stores, and the halls of the hotels, are
abundantly garnished with pictures of Lee,
Jeff Davis and Stonewall Jackson. Hand
bills were posted announcing a "lecture on
Stonewall Jackson," and a newly-published
"biography of the immortal hero" for sale
at the book stores. The volume was thrust
at us the moment we entered the principal
store ; and is eagerly read, with tears and
heavy hearts, in many a 1 lately mansion,
by widows and mothers,clad in deep mourn
ing for fallen sous. To-day the dead hand
of Jackson rules the white population of
Richmond, as the dead hand of the martyr
ed Lincoln rules the black.
The morning papers which we opened at
the breakfast-table of the Ballard House
were profuse of eulogy of President John
son (as once they were of President Davis),
and equally profuse of maledictions on the
"nigger bureau" aud "the radicals." It is
reported that tiiere are about oue hundred
and fifty thoroughly loyal white Uuouists in
the city. The old aristocracy do not mean
that their number shall be iucreased by
Yankee merchants and manufacturers from
the North, if they can help it. So they
march straight by the store-doors of the
Yankees, and carry their custom those who
worship the sacred bones of the dead Con
federacy. Few Yankees have yet "struck
ile" in Richmond. Polite society locks its
doors in their faces.
"One of my secesii neigeburs," said a
Northern merchant, "came in to our house
for water, when theirs gave out ; but when
my children went in to play with theirs,
they were sent home in a hurry." No ad
mittance here for Yankees is practically
written over the great majority of Rich
mond's drawing rooms and dinner-tables.
Northern people are nut often insulted in
Richmond ; they are simply let alone, and
that most severely.
The aristocracy of the city—excepting
tho-e who hold large rural estates —are
generally impoverished. An old Peters
burgh resident said, "I have a barrelful of
Confederate money at home." Four years
of dealing in such trash does not leave a
community with much "portable property"
to till their flour; barrels aud meat casks
with just now. But the soil remains, and
kindly nature is already hiding the wounds
of war under her green robes of grass and
corn. Many of the large planters are em
ploying their former slaves, at decent wa
ges ; and thousandsj.>f negroes are hard at
work with the hoe for themselves .ill
through the interior of the State. The
most active industry of Old Virginia to-day
wears a black skin. The dainty white
hands of treason hold the ballot : the hon
est black hands of loyalty hold the hoe. Is
that the reconstruction that was purchased
at Five Forks and Appomattox Court
House ?
In Richmond there is a surplus of ne
groes, and no sm 11 antipathy toward them
011 the part of the most virulent rebels.
The intelligent freedman who showed me
the deserted capitol building, and Aleck
Stephens's empty chair, remarked, "My
old master at Bottom's Bridge would kick
me off his premises, if 1 went there." He
told uie that the great majority of the
blacks in Richmond are, at present, worse
off in material comforts than before the
war. That is easily accounted for. Busi
ness is dull ; the whites are poor ; and city
servants are not skillful field-hands. In the
rural regions, the negroes know how to
work, are glad to work, and are bettering
their condition every day. The crops along
the Fi'edcricksburgh Railway generally
look well. The road itself is in good order.
Richmond contains some very suggestive
scenes. Among them are Jell' Davis' "Ex
ecutive Room" (in the custom house) now
occupied by the clerk of the U. S. Court ;
the execrable Libby prison, now guarded
by blue-coats, once imprisoned there ; and
the blackened ruins of the Rev. Charles
Read's pro-slavery church. There must
have been pitch enough in that* pulpit to
have made it burn briskly. It is a sorrow
ful fact that the soldiers of the disbandon
ed Southern armies are at this moment
more loyally disposed than the ministers of
the dismantled Southern churches. Freed
meu's Bureaus and Civil Rights bills are
valuable expedients for the hour ; but tbe
vital wants of the South are a new plough,
a new pulpit, and a new school-house.
The fortifications around Richmond are
of little interest, except in the direction of
Drury's Blufl". But those who wish to see
the most remarkable field-works in the
world must hasten to Petersburg before
the storms have washed down those inter
minable entrenchments of sand and filled
up the rifle pits. We spent a memorable
day there: our Yankee friend Bidwell, of
"Jarratt's Hotel," supplying us the horses
and the intelligent guide for the field. We
had Swinton'sJ valuable volume ou "The
Army of the Potomac," in the carriage. We
sat down and read his account of the fright
ful slaughter of the rebels on the bare saud,
where the large hole was wheu the mine
exploded. A couple of skulls were lying
per Annum, in Advance.
in the bottom of the horrible "crater." The
farmer who owns the spot has enclosed it,
and makes his living by exhibiting it for a
dollar to every party of visitors, and by
selling another sort of "crater" from a rude
drinkiug-shop. On that farm fifteen thous
and human beings were slaughtered ! It
was the focus of the nine months' fight.
Fort Steadrnau is in good preservation ;
against its sharp abattis and earthen
breast-works the rebellion made its last
onset. When Lee fell back from this final
assault, on the 25th of March, the doom of
the Confederacy was sealed. For humani
ty's sake he ought to have surrendered
that day. The exposure of every life from
that day onward was downwright murder.
Lee's only excuse is that he hoped to make
good his retreat on the Southside Railroad,
and join his army to Gen. Joe. Johnston's.
Fort Sedgwick (known during the war
as Fort He/1) is a fine specimen of a work
composed of sand-bankets, like those of Sum
ter. One end of the huge bomb-proof is
now used for a subterranean beer-shop.
The rebel lines were but an hundred yards
from ours at many points ; between the
two rows of lion's teeth now lie the bleach
ing bones of the dead, and the rotting re
mains of boots,and clothes, and haversacks.
We stood beside one trench in which over
a thousand Union dead were in "one red
burial blent !" Fort Fisher—so named
after the gallant young Otis Fisher, who
was once a Sunday school boy of mine—is
a formidable work, well worth a visit. So
is the Poplar Spring Church, built by our
engineers of small saplings, a most unique
specimen of ecclesiastical architecture. But
I have no time or space to day to describe
that wonderful fifteen miles of history,writ
ten in huge lines of sand and timber, from
its Alpha on Harrison's Creek to its Omega
on Hatcher's Run. It is the American
Aceldama, in which treason found its
bloody grave. Let the Judases of all fu
ture nations learn its lessons to the end of
time.
HOESE A LA MODE.
A correspondent of the Pall Mall Gazette ;
says : It is a popular delusion in England
that there is no such thing as good beef in
France ; but the truth is that one has to
go to Paris to learn the true delicacy of
the " biftek " and " filet." One has only to
pay a visit to the great shop near the Mad
eline to understand the absurdity of the
assertion that it is because the French are ;
destitute of good meat that they are forced j
to compensate for the deficiency by ingeni
ous cooking and scientific sauces. The j
shop I speak of is one that for size, for ex
ternal and internal decorations, for the dis- (
play of handsome joints on thousand of j
feet of white marble slabs, amidst bou-:
quets of beautiful flowers, and for its serv
ing men, all dressed in spotless white, puts j
your English Bannisters and Slaters to !
shaine. So large is the business done at !
this establishment that regular customers I
are required to have their orders ready 1
over night for execution on the following
moring. Standing yesterday before this |
shop and admiring the huge sides of beef
encircled with geraniums and fuschias, its
joints of veal fringed with moss roses, its
legs of mutton tied up with colored rib
bons, its " coteiletes " reposing in beds of
pinks, and its calves' heads looking out
from a mass of flowering heaths, I be- ;
thought me it was on this very day that a j
" boucherie " for the exclusive sale of an
other kind of " viande " was to be opened !
at the opposite extremity of Paris, on the !
Boulevard de l'ltalie. Unfortunately, al
though prime beef and mutton are to be
had in Paris, they are very dear, and the
increasing rise of prices in Paris has re- j
duced almost to the vanishing point the
workman's allowance of flesh food for him- |
self and family. And therefore was estab
lished the shop for the sale of horse-flesh
which 1 visited yesterday.
The new shop, with " Bouchrie de la,
Viande de Cheval " in big letters over the j
doorway, could be detected at a glance, for j
surrounding it was a crowd of some fifty
or sixty people, the majority being women,
and all being more or less engaged in dis
cussing the merits of the new " viande." I
On either side of the shop door huug two j
large haunches of horse, looking anything
but inviting, and wanting that positive j
tone of color which a good joint of beef al
ways presents. On marble slabs in front
of the shop, with no flowers, however, to
set them oft', some scraggy-looking ribs and
purply red steaks were displayed. Inside
were portions of the buttock, Ac., some
shin-bones, and a heap of odds and ends, I
for the trade had been brisk, and more than i
an entire enimal had been already disposed j
of. The master butcher was very atten
tive to his customers, the majority of whom
were of the poorest class. It was amus- I
ing to see the way they were beset on leav
ing the shop—how their purchases were
overhauled and minutely examined, then
turned over and over, squeezed, sniffed at,
balanced in the hand, and then thrown
back into the basket again by scores of
people, many of whom had come with their
own baskets, with an intention of buying,
but could not quite make up their minds.
One exceedingly brown old lady, with a j
very showy cotton handkerchief tied round |
her head, encouraged the hesitating ones,
and showed them her own purchase. " Why
in England," said she, " all the people eat
it. What is their ' rosbif,' of which we .
hear so much ? Horse llesh, to be sure."
A fastidious dame in a purple jacket vowed
that the very idea of the thing made her
ill. This brought forward the mistress of
the establishment, a buxom jolly dame, who :
declared she had just made a hearty meal
of it, and found it uncommonly good. On 1
my arrival I cejtainly observed madame j
and two ar three others taking their mid- j
day meal at the back of the shop, but it
was omelette, and not horse, that I saw j
them eating.
l'he customers, as I have already remark
ed, were chiefly women, and of the poorer
class ; still, among those who went in for
steaks were several well-dressed men above
the rank of artisans ; also, a couple of old
soldiers of the First Empire, with a cluster
of war medals hanging to their blue blous
es, a cjarcon or two from some of the neigh
boring cheap restaurants, who came in for
their " bifteks" by the dozen, and what
pleased the crowd immensely, a butcher's
boy from an adjacent legitimate establish
ment, the master of which was anxious to
taste the new "viande " and judge for him
self. The price, so far as I could gather,
i ranged from about sd. per demi-kilo (up-
ward of a pound) for tbo prime parts to
about 2d. for the inferior pieces. The num
ber of persons served up to about two o'-
clock was not far short of three hundred ;
but a large proportion of these presented
free tickets, the distribution of which had
been entrusted to Sisters of Charity by the
society organized to promote the introduc
tion of horse flesh as an article of human
food throughout France. To .accustom the
people of the particular neighborhood where
the firßt establishment was opened to the
new class of animal food considerable
quantities of it had been given away for
some weeks previously under the auspices
of the above mentioned society. It is
proper to state that the horseflesh sold at
the establishment of which I have been
speaking is all subjected to strict govern
mental inspection, and that the establish
ment itself has the sanction of the author
ities.
NUMBER 12.
r The event wes celebrated by a banquet
in the evening at Lemardelay's i.< the Hue
, de Richelieu, and at which ouc hundred and
eighty-two persons sat down to the doubt
ful delicacy. The bill of fare comprised
horse soup, sausages of horse flesh, sirloiu
of horse garnished with potato balls, horse
a la mode, ragout of horse, roast flesh of
horse, and salad dressed with horse oil—
this last, I should mention, is almost white
without smell, and sweet in flavor. The
chair was taken by M. de Quatrefages, the
distinguished French naturalist and mem
ber of the Institute, who had for supporters
M. Albert Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, director
of the Garden of Acclimatization : Dr.
Souberian, secretary of Acclimatization So
ciety ; the Marquis de Bethisy ; the Abbe
Dufour ; M. Bertram!, the mathematician
and member, of the French Institute; and
M. Ducroix, the energetic propagator of the
merits of horse flesh as an drticle of food.
Appropriate toasts were drank, and songs
in praise of the horse, and more particular
ly of its alimentary qualities, were sung
during the evening.
FINDING FAULT WITH CHILDREN. —It is at
times necessary to censure and punish.—
But much more may be done by encourag
ing children when they do well. Be then
fore more careful to express your approba
tion of good conduct than your disapproba
tion of bad. Nothing can more discourage
a child than a spirit of incessant fault-find
ing on the part of its parreuts. And hard
ly anything can exert a in >re injurious in
fluence upon the disposition of both parent
and child. There are two great motives iu
llueucing human actions—hope and fear. -
Both of these are at times necessary. But
who would not prefer to have her child in
fluenced to good conduct by a desire of
pleasing, rather than by fear of offending ?
If a mother never expresses her gratifica
tion when her children do well, and is al
ways censuring them when she sees any
! thing amiss, they feel discouraged and un
-1 happy. They feel that it is useless to try
to please. Their dispositions become har
dened and soured by this ceaseless fretting,
and at last, finding that whether they do
well or ill, they are equally found fault
I with, they relinquish all efforts to please,
and become heedless of repr inches. But
I let a mother approve of her child's conduct
| whenever she can. Let her reward him I r
| his efforts to please,by smiles and affect i
! In tt.is way she will cherish in her child's
| heart some of the noblest and most desirul! •
| feelings of our nature. She will cultivate
' in hirn an amiable disposition and a cln
fill spirit. Your child has been thr-ngh ;he
j day very pleasant and obedi- nt. Jus' 1 -
! fore putting him to sleep for the night, y i
! take his hand say :—"My son y u have been
j very good to-day. It makes me very hap*
'py to see you so kind and obedient. God
loves children who are dutiful t their p u -
i ents,and he promises to make them happy.'
i This approbation to him, from his mother,
is a great reward And when,with a m , •
i than affectionate tone, you say, "<U 1
night, my dear son," he leaves the room
with his little heart full of feeling. And
when he closes his eyes for sleep,he is hap
py, and resolves that he will always try !-.
do his duty.
ABOUT ORDER.—L'uI things right back in
their place when done with. Never haw
them all about helter skelter, topsy-turvy,
never. When you use any article, hoe,
shovel, rake, pitchfork, ax*-, hammer,tongs,
boots or shoes, books, slates, pencils, writ
ing apparatus, pins, thimbles, pincushions,
needles, work-baskets, kitchen furnitm ,
every article of h >use-wifery or husbandry,
no matter what it is, the very moment you
have done using it, return it to its proper
place. Be sure to have a special place 1 i
everything, and cverythirg in its place.—
Order, order, perfect order, is the watch
word. Heaven's first law. How ninci
precious time is saved (aside fioin vexta
ti >n) by observing order, systematic regu
larity ! And little folks should begin ear
ly to preserve order in everything. Form
habits of order. These loose, slipshod,slat
ternly habits are formed in childhood, 1
habits once formed are apt to cling f .
life.
Young friends,begin early to keep thing
iu their proper places ; study neatues?, or
der, economy, sobriety ; in cverytliiiw ! ■
just, honest, pure, lovely,and y >n will h.i\
a good report.
EAT Your BROWN BREAD I —lt is a
plain, but faithful saying, "Eat your brown
bread first," nor is there a b,-tt i rule for a
young man's outset in the world. While
you continue single you may live within a-,
narrow limits as you please ; and it is then
you must begin to save,in order to provide
for the more enlarged expenses of your fu
ture family. Besides, a plain, frugal life is
then supported niost cheer uliy ; it is y ur
own choice, and it is to be justified on the
best and most honest principles in the World,
and you have nobody's pride to struggle
with, or appetites to master, but your own.
As you advance in life and success, it will
be expected you should give yourself great
er indulgence, and you may then be allow
| ed to do it both reasonably and safely.
THE man everybody likes is generally I
; fool. The man nobody likes is gene- rally ;i lor* -. ..
the man who has friends who would die f >;• 1
| and foes who would love to see Liiu broiled us . ,
I is usually a man of some worth and force.
\\ HEN Daniel Webster was a young n .an,
I about commencing the study of law', he v - !-
vised not to enter the legal profi ssion, for it was
! already crowded. His reply, was -'There i
-1 enough at the top."
WRITE your name by kindness, an 1 I *
I and mercy, on the hearts of ihr people you e me
! in contact with, year by year, and. you will i wr
j be forgotten.
AN old lady who had insisted on LM uiin-
I ister's praying for rain, bad her cabbage cut up l>y
j a hail-storm, and on viewing the wreck, rem irked,
• that she ' never knew him to undertake anything
! without overdoing the matter."
WHEN you see a man on a moonlight
• night trying to convince his shadow that it is im
-1 proper to follow a gentleman, you may be sure it
i is high time for him to join a temperance society
AN exchange says, that "in the absence
1 of both editors, the publisher has succeeded in
| securing the services of a gmth-n >to edit the pa-
I per that week."
A Drunkard, upon hearing that the earth
was round, said that accounted for his rolling
about so much.