tbhms of publication. . liEr0 BTEB is published every Thursday Mora , v £ 0. Goodrich, at $2 per annum, in ad ;ng' • "V.VEKTISEMENTS exceeding fifteen lines are at TEN CENTS per line for first insertion, U ' F jve cents per line for subsequent insertions "l notices inserted before Marriages und will be charged fifteen cent, per line for 0 ion All resolutions of Associations ; ll *-'iiuicutions ol limited or individual interest, .. , uce s of Marriages and Deaths exceeding fivo •ire charged ten cents per line. 1 Year. 6 mo. 3 mo. ' Square, 10 7i 5 - , r .,v. I'AUtion, Lost and Found, and oth ;,ivcrtiscments, not exceeding 15 lines, agee weeks, or less, $1 50 iui-drator's and Executor's Notices... 200 (liter's Notices 2 50 'lj n ess Cards, five lines, (per year) 500 Vl chants and others, advertising their business j,. charged S2O. They will be entitled to 4 ■ confined exclusively to their business, with ;i t >ge of change. Advertising in all cases exclusive of sub ■j : iou to the paper. IB PRINTING of every kiud in Plain and Fa n done with neatness and dispatch. Hand llianks. Cards, Pamphlets, Ac., of every va .(l stvle, printed at the shortest notice. The . N Office has jnst been re-fitted with Power •jws. and every thing in the Printing line can w - ited in the most artistic manner and at the TERMS INVARIABLY CASH. iOnqmal |Mrg. For the Reporter. XIIK LITTLE BROWN SCHOOL IIOUSF.. BY CRETIAS. T1 re's a little school-house brown, •"Way up town ; ()n the road to Waverly— Do you see ? W hi-re the boys and girls are brought, v.. 1 their young ideas taught How to shoot, Aud take root! Many a locust hanging o'er. Shades the door, Which to keep the clothes unnrassed— From the dust, Shuns the gate that street-ward opes ; Turning to the grassy slopes Of the sward, River-ward. All day long the hall within, Is there din, Of the scholars conning o'er Heavy lore ; They are learning A. 15, C, Figures, Latin, II istory: — It's done brown, 'Way up town 1 In the teacher's easy chair, Seated there. Is an eye of smiling brown, No dark frown Ever direful terror throws, Where the gentle mistress goes It's done brown, ' Way up town! Planned, they say, this house so neat, Up the street, (hie who hopes to see it great In the state ; Odks from little acorns grow, Men from little babies ; so With "the Brown" ' Way up town 1 f aan da, Dec. 4, 1805. i RESOURCES AND PROSPECTS OF AMERICA. A nest valuable work on the Resources . ; I't snects of America has just appear ::i the pen of Sir Mortcu Peto. Iu a line of moderate size, he presents us <a great mass of statistical informa- ; arefully compiled from the bulky Re- { is 1 the Commissioners of the Census ! ■ United States, and from other sources : .easy of access to readers in general. | ..e is, however, far from being a ! re compilation ; on some parts of the I •'t the author writes from personal ob- g rvau n. aud 011 every part he freely of rs his wn pinions and reflections. Sr M r;, u Peto begins by referring to r< markable fact of the prosperity of | '..erica even during the trying time of the War; lor this he accounts by attribu- I it t the " wonderful elasticity of the J wees of the United States." The na-j ■ debt, which was only sixty-five mil- | f dollars at the commencement of the r thirteen million pounds sterling, is 1 '* almost three thousand million of dol- j I - r six hundred million pounds sterl- ! i - iut such is the confidence of the peo •a the resources of their country thatj . expect it to be all paid off in thirty or even in a shorter time. "From j C-sident at Washington," Sir S. M. --•}'*, " down to the humblest agricul- j R ni the Far West, I found but one pre- ! feeling respecting the debt." lie ' referred to the experience of the past. l 'as told "that the debt entailed by the ' IM2 was wholly discharged from ' ■ dinary sources of revenue iu a period j eteen years ; aud that practically tue n "t that debt had never been felt by •y, though, considering the dift'er the numerical population, the capi w-<- iltli, and the future prospects of the "y, it was almost as great a debt, iu ion, as the present." "! among the natural resources of the ; ' r y is its fertile soil, of which more iv is every year brought into cu'.ti- ' ' !l lue extremely rapid increase of ' puhttion is in part due to the facility | • which the means of subsistence and j ■ atort are obtained by all who are •ie ot work, but in great part to im-j .ration. The population of the United I •tea was only 5,305,925 in 1800, and in :t wa.-- 51,429,000; but it is calcnla it "ol the whole population iu 1863, •migrants of the present century and Ascendants number more than twen miilioij, or two-thirds of the whole."* •"migrants are derived from all coun htirope, but in greatest numbers j 'Teat Britain and Ireland. Many mive recently settled in California. a wide error in this statement. From i ls ln a period of twenty years—the in- 1 1 ;'illation was over 36 per cent. This the population c-very 23 years.— mis twenty years there were less than 200,- r * :; s who had immigrated. Now, if we y '-:.e case of no increase from immigration, • i.l tjhe unreasonable to assume the popu "''i; lgo on in such a country as this to 111 twenty-five years. By this estimate, . - it: u in 1790 being 3,000.000, would in been 6,000,000 (below the mark) ; in •i l have been 12,000.000: and in 1865 •d Lave been li\ing 24,00t1,000 of persons a d from the original population of 1790. 7 " 1 pulation of iB6O must have been at - 'Mum. The actual population in 1860 ""'.OOO, of which there would have been "J instead of Sir 8 M. I'eto's 21.000.000) unted for as immigrants aud their de -ED. HAM-EE'S Wlerly. E. O. GOODRICH, Fviblisliei-. VOLUME XXVII. The encouragement afl'orded to the settler is very great. If he is the head of a lami ly, or twenty-one years of age, he receives from the Government, substantially as a free gift, one hundred and sixty acres of land ; and each of his children, on attain ing the age of twenty-one years, receives the like. If he chooses to pursue his trade, or to seek employment as a laborer in any of the large towns or in the more densely peopled parts of the country, he finds wages much higher than in Europe, and the ne cessaries of life comparatively cheap. The high price of labor generally compels the settler who becomes a farmer to depend on himself and his family for the cultivation of his farm, but he can confidently reck 11 on produce more than sufficient for his sup port. The increase of population in some of the newly-settled districts has been ex tremely rapid. Minnesota in 1849 had a population little exceeding four thousand ; in 1860 the population exceeded one hun dred and seventy-two thousand ; and in 1864 it was estimated at three hundred and fifty thousand. Wisconsin had only 5318 inhabitants in 1830, and in 1860 it had 77"', 881. Indiana had a population of 4875 in 1800, and in 1860 a population of 1,360,- 428. The annual produce of wheat in this State is now nearly ten million bushels. The prosperity of California began with the discovery of gold, but it is already a wheat-exporting country, and seems likely to become the granary of the Pacific. The rapid prosperity of the States is generally due to their agricultural resources. Sir S. M. Peto says : " I hope I shall not wound the national esteem of my American friends when I say that I regard their country as essentially agricultural, and by no means essentially commercial or manufacturing. But I think their own records : establish my position. Of about 8,217,000 heads of families and other individuals whose occu pations were recorded at the period of the census of 1860, it appears that up aai d of three million, or more than one-third, were directly occupied in the tillage of th. soil. .... On the other hand, the number of merchants and clerks in America is only three hundred thousand... .The population engaged in manufactures does not assume a very large proportion to the whole popu lation." The American estimate of American manufactures, aud of the number of peo ple engaged in them, is only reached "by including all the fishermen, blacksmiths, carpenters, tailors, shoemakers, mantua makers, seamstresses, painters, varuishers, printers, hatters, masons, mariners, millers, 1 sawyers, lumbermen, and handicraftsmen ol every sort in the community. Manu facturing industry, properly so called, is almost entirely confined to a few of the Northern States. The extent of improved land in farms in the United States, according to the census returns of 1360, was 103,110,720 acres; • the extent of unimproved land included in j farms was 144,101,818 acres ; and the un | cultivated territory not yet included in i farms was 1,466,960,862 acres. The rapid ! progress of agriculture is shown by the i fact, that while the cash value of the farms ; under actual cultivation in 1850 was esti mated at $3,261,565,000, it had risen in iB6O to $6,645,045,000 —being an increase ! of no less than 103 per cent, in these ten j years. The amount of agricultural pro* j ducc has also increased even during the | war. In consequence of th • high price of I labor, the farming is generally very imper fect ; yet, mainly from the advantage of climate, the American farmer is able to produce a bushel of wheat at much less cost than the most scientific farmer in Eng land can. The wheat, well protected by the deep snow in winter, comes rapidly for ward in the cool weather of spring, and the bright sunshine of the summer months brings it to great perfection. Wheat and Indian corn are the grains principally cul tivated in the more northern parts of Amer ica. Rice is grown in some parts of the South. Indian corn supplies the principal part of the food of the people, both in the North and in the South. It is of extreme ly easy cultivation, and its productiveness is far beyond that of other grains. Peas and beans are largely cultivated in Ameri ca. Potatoes are produced in great quan tities in the Northern States, and sweet po tatoes in the South. Turnips are little cul tivated, the climate being too dry. The dairy produce, both of butter and cheese, is large. The improvement of quality in American cheese since it began to be im ported into Britain has attracted the notice of almost every consumer. It is account ed for by the establishment of a great " cheese-fact ry " system in the dairy dis tricts of the State of New York and neigh boring regions. " Each farmer sends his milk to the dairy, and is credited for the quantity supplied. Skilled persons are em ployed at the factories to make the cheese, and it has been found that these factories turn out an article of far better quality than used to be made in private dairies." The prices of grain and dairy produce in America, depend mainly upon the prices in London. The exports of grain from the United States in 1863 amounted to seventy seven million three hundred and ninety-six thousand and eighty-two bushels, of which forty-seven million eighty two thousand and twenty-six bushels were sent to Great Britain and Ireland. The grain-trade was rapidly developed after the opening of the Erie Canal in 1825, and of late years it has increased with wonderful accelerated ra pidity ; much grain produced in the North western States finding its way eastward by the Erie Canal, much of it from the lake ports by the St- Lawrence, and much of it by railways. Milwaukee, in Wisconsin, ! which was scarcely inhabited twenty-five years ago, and which exported only 4000 1 bushels of grain and flour in 1841, exported 18,812,380 bushels in 1863. ! Wool is not yet an important article of ; produce in the United States, although in some places there are fancy farms, where great attention is paid to the breeds of j sheep : and merino sheep of unsurpassed, I or perhaps unequaled, excellence are to be found in Vermont ; but California is ex pected soon to become a great wool-pro ducing country. The climate of the At lantic States is not suited to the silk worm, ( and attempts at silk-culture there have fail i ed ; but it is supposed that ir may succeed ; admirably in the Pacific States. Nowhere in the world is the feeding of swine so important a branch of rural econ : omy as in some parts of the United States. I Cincinnati has long been celebrated for its TOWANDA, BRADFORD COUNTY, PA., AUGUST 16, 1866. trade in pork. The hog is killed, cut up, and packed by machinery. Cincinnati kills and exports four hundred thousand hogs per annum. Chicago has, however, lately acquired even greater importance as a pork-exporting town. A million of hogs are killed annually in Chicago. It is now, indeed, not only the largest market in the world for pork, but also for corn and tim ber, although it was but a mere Indian trading station till 1830, and its pork trade began in 1835 with the " packing " and ex portation of three hundred hogs. The high price of labor has stimulated invention, and no people have so abounded as the Americans in mechanical contri vances to supply the want of human hands. Many ol those machines—as the sewing machine—have been brought to Europe, and some of them are extensively used in Britain, although less important to us from the comparative cheapness of labor. As might be expected, many of the American inventions are intended to lacilitate the la bors ol agriculture. Ol the textile manufactures of America, that of cotton is by far the most important, but the number of spindles is not much j more than one-sixth of that employed in Britain; moreover, much of the cotton spun in America is spun in the cotton-pro j ducing States, to be used iu the form of ! cordage, or made into cotton bags or pack ing cloths. Notwithstanding the duties imposed in the United States, great quan tities of cotton goods of British mauufac | ture are imported. The linen manufacture is inconsiderable. Sir S. M. Peto does not hesitate to condemn the whole system of protective duties, by which American man ufactures are unnaturally fostered, as in jurious to America itself and to the world. As to the protective duties ou cot ton goods, he says : " Not only are the Americans raising the price of an article of the largest consumption among every class of their own community, but they are actually raising this price at their own ex pense as growers and exporters of the raw material from which these articles are made ; aud all this for the protection of an interest which can not compete with its ri vals in its own market, and can not pro duce any thing like the quantity required for the use of its own population." Sir S. M. Peto is very zealous in his ad vocacy of free trade. He expresses his confidence that as the people of Britain re fused to be taxed for the exclusive benefit of agriculturists, so the people of America will ere long refuse to be taxed for the ex clusive benefit of manufactures. The whole question has a special importance at pres ent, in view of the commercial relations be tween the United States and the British provinces in North America. It seems al most impossible that any other system than that of free trade can long prevail between countries so situated as those 011 the north ern and southern banks of the St. Law rence. Under au opposite system smug gling cannot fail soon to become an evil of most formidable magnitude on the long line of the frontier. The mineral wealth of the United States is very great. Gold is found in some of the Eastern States, particularly iu Virginia, the Carolinas, and Georgia ; aud the gold producing region of the West—still very partially explored—includes the states of California and Oregon, and the Territories of Utah, Nevada, New Mexico, Daeotah, Washington, Colorado, Montana, and Ari zona—an area of more than a million of square miles, extending from British Col umbia on the north to Mexico on the south, and from the eastern slope of the Rocky , Mountains to the Pacific Ocean. Silver mining may be said to be only in its in fancy, although in New Mexico and Arizo nia, which were acquired from Mexico in 1 IX4S,1 X 4S, silver mines have long been worked, j 111 the hands of another race, and under a better government, they will now probably j soon become greatly more numerous aud j productive. An immense lode of silver ore, i known as the Comstock Lode, has been dis- j covered in Nevada, and nearly one hun- | dred different companies have obtained the 1 right to work parts of it. A fine city, ; called Virginia City, has sprung up in close : proximity to these mines, with a population already of more than ten thousand ; and the whole of Nevada is rapidly increasing in population, while new silver mines are continually being opened in different local- i ities. Iron ore exists in great abundance in the United States, and is widely distributed Perhaps in no part ol the world is it more abundant than in the State of Missouri, where great hills are entirely formed of it. Little, however, has yet been done to turn the iron ore of Missouri to account. The district is deficient in coal, and the railway system is too incomplete to supply this want. Another district, extremely rich in iron ore, but hitherto almost unproductive, lies in the northern part of Georgia, pass ing into Alabama. It is in Pennsylvania and New Jersey that iron ore is at present most largely worked. There are iron pro ducing - districts also in New England, New York, Ohio, Virginia, and both the Caroli nas ; and during the last ten years a con siderable amount of capital has been in vested in iron-mining in Michigan, on the southern shore of Lake Superior. But the iron masters of America can hardly hold their ground, as jet, against competition with imported iron. The vast supplies of iron ore which America possesses are rath er to be regarded as a store for future ages than as a source of wealth to be largely developed in the present. There are very rich mines of copper on 'he shores of Lake Superior, near Kee-nee-nah Point, where masses of native copper of extraordinary size have been found. Copper mines have also long been wrought in New Mexico.— Lead is wrought, but not to a great extent, in Missouri, Wisconsin, aud lowa. Quick silver has been found in California, but the produce is not yet very considerable. The coal fields of America are greatest in the world. They are computed to be thirty-six times the extent of those of Great Britain aud Ireland. They are chiefly situ ated in the basin of the Mississippi and its tributaries. The whole annual produce of coal, however, does not yet amount to much more than fourteen million tons, or about one-fifth of that of Britain. Wood is the ordinary fuel for domestic purposes, and is even employed for steam-engines, while the Americans dispense with steam wher ever they can, and avail themselves of their "water-privileges." The abundance of iron, coal, and limestone in America, however, REGARDLESS OF DENUNCIATION FROM ANY QUARTER. is suggestive of great expectations concern ing the future, when the country shall be more densely peopled, aud able to make use of its own mineral treasures. Sir S. M. Feto devotes a chapter to pe troleum, or rock-oil, and gives a most in teresting account of oil-springs was mere ly collected by skimming it from the sur face of water on which it lloated till 1858, when a well was sunk in Pennsylvania, and at once began to yield 400, and after ward 1000 gallons a day. Great excite ment ensued, aud a search for oil began throughout the whole district. Many of the experiments were unsuccessful, but when oil was struck the fortunate adven turer was suddenly enriched. Some of the wells yield oil without the trouble of pump ing ; it flows from tliem in a copious stream. Some wells yield 2000 barrels, aud one even 3000 barrels daily. Towns have sprung up iu the oil district ol Pennsylva nia ; and iu Oil City business is now trans acted to tbe amount of Jt3,000,000 annual ly. Other parts of America have also been found to be rich in oil. It would be out of place here to do more than merely allude to the oil-wells of Canada ; but there are oil-fields in several parts of Penn sylvania, in Ohio, Kentucky, and Virginia, while it is said that indications of o:l have been found in many other States. Our limits do not permit us to follow Sir S. M. Peto iu his account of American commerce—the foreign trade, the coasting trade, aud the internal trade 011 the lakes and rivers—to which he devotes a section of his work. One fact claims particular attention, that 110 less than oue half of the export trade of the United States is to Great Britain ; next to this is the export trade to France; but the third largest ex port trade is to the British provinces in North America, while the exports to other British possessions are very considerable. From this may be seen the vast importance to both nations of constantly maintaining friendly relations. Sir S. M. Peto devotes another section of his work to railways. The rivers of the country, great and numerous as they are, utter.y insufficient for the purpose of its in ternal commerce. The railway system of America is g-ieat aud rapidly extending ; but most of the railways are as yet mere single lines, and their construction is so imperfect that the rate of traveling is far less rapid than in Britain. Sir S. M. Peto enters very fully into the whole subject. He visited America, indeed, in the capacity of chairman of the London Board of Control of the Atlantic and Great Western Rail way, and his suggestions 011 the construc tion and management of railways will scarcely be received by the Americans as those of a stranger, hut with the respect due to one whose interests are identified with their own,and whose experience gives value to his counsel. The South is treated in a section by it self. Differing front the North in its pro ductions it differs still more in consequence of slavery, now happily abolished, but so recently that the results of the great change have scarcely begun to appear. There are, as yet, few lines of railway between the North aud the South. The Southern plant ers, in times now past,did not wish to have them, for they were afraid of the use which might be made of them to carry away their slaves, and of the influence of much com munication with the North. The Southern States have for a long time been nearly stationary in population. Immigrants did not flock to them, for the white man labor ing with his own hands was despised both by the slaveholders and by the slaves. All this must now be changed. There is much land in the Southern States which invites settlers. Even in Virginia the "improved laud" amounts only to 11 437,821 acres, while 19,679,215 acres are "unimproved ;" whereas in New York the improved land is more than double the extent of the unim proved. Much of the uncultivated land in the South is adapted for the cultivation of cotton and other strictly southern products, but much of it also is well suited to wheat. Of the products of the South, tiie most im portant—besides cotton, rice, Indian corn, and tobacco—is sugar. The cultivation of the sugar-cane is limited to the most south ern regions, and has of late decreased ; but tbe sorghum or sugar-grass recently intro duced from China is admirably adapted to the climate, not only of the South, but in deed of almost all parts of the United States, and its cultivation has rapidly ex tended, especially in the Northwestern States. Sir S. M. Peto's work is so full of infor mation that what we have been able to ex tract is but a little portion of it. The spir it in which it is written is also excellent. It is the work of an Englishman who loves his own country and her institutions, but who regards America and Americans witli the most kindly feeling. It is calculated to dissipate prejudice, and to promote good feeling 011 both sides of the Atlantic. VALUE OF THE SABBATH. —The Sabbath is made lor man. There is no exception. It is for every man ; The birthright ol every son of Ad .ni ; an inheritance he did not purchase, and which he cannot sell. It is made by God, for the cabman and coach man. It is made for the engine driver, the stoker, and the guard. It is made for the waiter in hotels, and the servant in all public buildings. It is the inheritance both of the man-servant and the maid-servant.— It is made for the musician For all these the Sabbath was made ; it was made for their soul and body, and woe, thrice woe to the man who robs them of this their birth right. The selfish mis-pend their own Sabbath, and in doing so rob other men of their Sab bath. If lam wicked enough and foolish enough to mis-pend my own Sabbath, not having the fear of God before mine eyes, what right have I to compel any other man to mispend his Sabbath,and thereby to ruin his soul that he may minister to my pleas ure ? Every man should remember the Sabbath was made for man. The man does a foul wrong to God, and his own soul, who sells his Sabbath ; and the man who buys the Sabbath of another does as foul a wrong to both God and man He who buys another man's Sabbath,or any part thereof, commits as flagrant a wrong as he who sells his Sabbath for hire, and becomes a profane person like Esau, who for one morsel of bread sold his birthright. DON'T have too many friends. He who can't count his friends can't count upon them. RICHMOND AND ITS BATTLE-FIELDS. BY REV. TUEO. L. CUTLER. Richmond and its Southern outpost, Pe tersburg, are still a battle-field. The ghost of the late war still haunts those historic regions. In no part of the defunct Confed eracy docs the spirit of the rebellion linger with such inveterate vigor as on the James and the Appomattox. The country-folk tell us that, if you kill a snake, his tail will writhe and wriggle "till sundown." The armed loyalty of the nation—with the sword in one hand and the edict of emancipation in the other —slew the serpent of secession: but there is a vigorous vitality yet squirm ing in the caudal extremity of the copper head. A visitor to Richmond soon discovers that the beautiful city—with its tasteful streets and flower-surrounded mansions ou Shoccoe Hill—is still the headquarters of that freedom-hating oligarchy which made Richmond its fortified stronghold for four bloody years. The town is quiet and or derly. A few scattered blue-coats of the regular army are seen in the streets. A sentinel in blue paces before the doors of Gen. Terry's residence—that same door whence Jell" Davis lied in hot haste on the afternoon of Sunday, the 2d of April, 1865. The stars and stripes lluat from the quar ters of the troops. But we did not see them on any private residence during our late visit to Richmond. The only portrait of Uncle Abraham that we discovered was in a negsoe's candy-shop. On the other hand, the windows of the print-stores and book stores, and the halls of the hotels, are abundantly garnished with pictures of Lee, Jeff Davis and Stonewall Jackson. Hand bills were posted announcing a "lecture on Stonewall Jackson," and a newly-published "biography of the immortal hero" for sale at the book stores. The volume was thrust at us the moment we entered the principal store ; and is eagerly read, with tears and heavy hearts, in many a 1 lately mansion, by widows and mothers,clad in deep mourn ing for fallen sous. To-day the dead hand of Jackson rules the white population of Richmond, as the dead hand of the martyr ed Lincoln rules the black. The morning papers which we opened at the breakfast-table of the Ballard House were profuse of eulogy of President John son (as once they were of President Davis), and equally profuse of maledictions on the "nigger bureau" aud "the radicals." It is reported that tiiere are about oue hundred and fifty thoroughly loyal white Uuouists in the city. The old aristocracy do not mean that their number shall be iucreased by Yankee merchants and manufacturers from the North, if they can help it. So they march straight by the store-doors of the Yankees, and carry their custom those who worship the sacred bones of the dead Con federacy. Few Yankees have yet "struck ile" in Richmond. Polite society locks its doors in their faces. "One of my secesii neigeburs," said a Northern merchant, "came in to our house for water, when theirs gave out ; but when my children went in to play with theirs, they were sent home in a hurry." No ad mittance here for Yankees is practically written over the great majority of Rich mond's drawing rooms and dinner-tables. Northern people are nut often insulted in Richmond ; they are simply let alone, and that most severely. The aristocracy of the city—excepting tho-e who hold large rural estates —are generally impoverished. An old Peters burgh resident said, "I have a barrelful of Confederate money at home." Four years of dealing in such trash does not leave a community with much "portable property" to till their flour; barrels aud meat casks with just now. But the soil remains, and kindly nature is already hiding the wounds of war under her green robes of grass and corn. Many of the large planters are em ploying their former slaves, at decent wa ges ; and thousandsj.>f negroes are hard at work with the hoe for themselves .ill through the interior of the State. The most active industry of Old Virginia to-day wears a black skin. The dainty white hands of treason hold the ballot : the hon est black hands of loyalty hold the hoe. Is that the reconstruction that was purchased at Five Forks and Appomattox Court House ? In Richmond there is a surplus of ne groes, and no sm 11 antipathy toward them 011 the part of the most virulent rebels. The intelligent freedman who showed me the deserted capitol building, and Aleck Stephens's empty chair, remarked, "My old master at Bottom's Bridge would kick me off his premises, if 1 went there." He told uie that the great majority of the blacks in Richmond are, at present, worse off in material comforts than before the war. That is easily accounted for. Busi ness is dull ; the whites are poor ; and city servants are not skillful field-hands. In the rural regions, the negroes know how to work, are glad to work, and are bettering their condition every day. The crops along the Fi'edcricksburgh Railway generally look well. The road itself is in good order. Richmond contains some very suggestive scenes. Among them are Jell' Davis' "Ex ecutive Room" (in the custom house) now occupied by the clerk of the U. S. Court ; the execrable Libby prison, now guarded by blue-coats, once imprisoned there ; and the blackened ruins of the Rev. Charles Read's pro-slavery church. There must have been pitch enough in that* pulpit to have made it burn briskly. It is a sorrow ful fact that the soldiers of the disbandon ed Southern armies are at this moment more loyally disposed than the ministers of the dismantled Southern churches. Freed meu's Bureaus and Civil Rights bills are valuable expedients for the hour ; but tbe vital wants of the South are a new plough, a new pulpit, and a new school-house. The fortifications around Richmond are of little interest, except in the direction of Drury's Blufl". But those who wish to see the most remarkable field-works in the world must hasten to Petersburg before the storms have washed down those inter minable entrenchments of sand and filled up the rifle pits. We spent a memorable day there: our Yankee friend Bidwell, of "Jarratt's Hotel," supplying us the horses and the intelligent guide for the field. We had Swinton'sJ valuable volume ou "The Army of the Potomac," in the carriage. We sat down and read his account of the fright ful slaughter of the rebels on the bare saud, where the large hole was wheu the mine exploded. A couple of skulls were lying per Annum, in Advance. in the bottom of the horrible "crater." The farmer who owns the spot has enclosed it, and makes his living by exhibiting it for a dollar to every party of visitors, and by selling another sort of "crater" from a rude drinkiug-shop. On that farm fifteen thous and human beings were slaughtered ! It was the focus of the nine months' fight. Fort Steadrnau is in good preservation ; against its sharp abattis and earthen breast-works the rebellion made its last onset. When Lee fell back from this final assault, on the 25th of March, the doom of the Confederacy was sealed. For humani ty's sake he ought to have surrendered that day. The exposure of every life from that day onward was downwright murder. Lee's only excuse is that he hoped to make good his retreat on the Southside Railroad, and join his army to Gen. Joe. Johnston's. Fort Sedgwick (known during the war as Fort He/1) is a fine specimen of a work composed of sand-bankets, like those of Sum ter. One end of the huge bomb-proof is now used for a subterranean beer-shop. The rebel lines were but an hundred yards from ours at many points ; between the two rows of lion's teeth now lie the bleach ing bones of the dead, and the rotting re mains of boots,and clothes, and haversacks. We stood beside one trench in which over a thousand Union dead were in "one red burial blent !" Fort Fisher—so named after the gallant young Otis Fisher, who was once a Sunday school boy of mine—is a formidable work, well worth a visit. So is the Poplar Spring Church, built by our engineers of small saplings, a most unique specimen of ecclesiastical architecture. But I have no time or space to day to describe that wonderful fifteen miles of history,writ ten in huge lines of sand and timber, from its Alpha on Harrison's Creek to its Omega on Hatcher's Run. It is the American Aceldama, in which treason found its bloody grave. Let the Judases of all fu ture nations learn its lessons to the end of time. HOESE A LA MODE. A correspondent of the Pall Mall Gazette ; says : It is a popular delusion in England that there is no such thing as good beef in France ; but the truth is that one has to go to Paris to learn the true delicacy of the " biftek " and " filet." One has only to pay a visit to the great shop near the Mad eline to understand the absurdity of the assertion that it is because the French are ; destitute of good meat that they are forced j to compensate for the deficiency by ingeni ous cooking and scientific sauces. The j shop I speak of is one that for size, for ex ternal and internal decorations, for the dis- ( play of handsome joints on thousand of j feet of white marble slabs, amidst bou-: quets of beautiful flowers, and for its serv ing men, all dressed in spotless white, puts j your English Bannisters and Slaters to ! shaine. So large is the business done at ! this establishment that regular customers I are required to have their orders ready 1 over night for execution on the following moring. Standing yesterday before this | shop and admiring the huge sides of beef encircled with geraniums and fuschias, its joints of veal fringed with moss roses, its legs of mutton tied up with colored rib bons, its " coteiletes " reposing in beds of pinks, and its calves' heads looking out from a mass of flowering heaths, I be- ; thought me it was on this very day that a j " boucherie " for the exclusive sale of an other kind of " viande " was to be opened ! at the opposite extremity of Paris, on the ! Boulevard de l'ltalie. Unfortunately, al though prime beef and mutton are to be had in Paris, they are very dear, and the increasing rise of prices in Paris has re- j duced almost to the vanishing point the workman's allowance of flesh food for him- | self and family. And therefore was estab lished the shop for the sale of horse-flesh which 1 visited yesterday. The new shop, with " Bouchrie de la, Viande de Cheval " in big letters over the j doorway, could be detected at a glance, for j surrounding it was a crowd of some fifty or sixty people, the majority being women, and all being more or less engaged in dis cussing the merits of the new " viande." I On either side of the shop door huug two j large haunches of horse, looking anything but inviting, and wanting that positive j tone of color which a good joint of beef al ways presents. On marble slabs in front of the shop, with no flowers, however, to set them oft', some scraggy-looking ribs and purply red steaks were displayed. Inside were portions of the buttock, Ac., some shin-bones, and a heap of odds and ends, I for the trade had been brisk, and more than i an entire enimal had been already disposed j of. The master butcher was very atten tive to his customers, the majority of whom were of the poorest class. It was amus- I ing to see the way they were beset on leav ing the shop—how their purchases were overhauled and minutely examined, then turned over and over, squeezed, sniffed at, balanced in the hand, and then thrown back into the basket again by scores of people, many of whom had come with their own baskets, with an intention of buying, but could not quite make up their minds. One exceedingly brown old lady, with a j very showy cotton handkerchief tied round | her head, encouraged the hesitating ones, and showed them her own purchase. " Why in England," said she, " all the people eat it. What is their ' rosbif,' of which we . hear so much ? Horse llesh, to be sure." A fastidious dame in a purple jacket vowed that the very idea of the thing made her ill. This brought forward the mistress of the establishment, a buxom jolly dame, who : declared she had just made a hearty meal of it, and found it uncommonly good. On 1 my arrival I cejtainly observed madame j and two ar three others taking their mid- j day meal at the back of the shop, but it was omelette, and not horse, that I saw j them eating. l'he customers, as I have already remark ed, were chiefly women, and of the poorer class ; still, among those who went in for steaks were several well-dressed men above the rank of artisans ; also, a couple of old soldiers of the First Empire, with a cluster of war medals hanging to their blue blous es, a cjarcon or two from some of the neigh boring cheap restaurants, who came in for their " bifteks" by the dozen, and what pleased the crowd immensely, a butcher's boy from an adjacent legitimate establish ment, the master of which was anxious to taste the new "viande " and judge for him self. The price, so far as I could gather, i ranged from about sd. per demi-kilo (up- ward of a pound) for tbo prime parts to about 2d. for the inferior pieces. The num ber of persons served up to about two o'- clock was not far short of three hundred ; but a large proportion of these presented free tickets, the distribution of which had been entrusted to Sisters of Charity by the society organized to promote the introduc tion of horse flesh as an article of human food throughout France. To .accustom the people of the particular neighborhood where the firßt establishment was opened to the new class of animal food considerable quantities of it had been given away for some weeks previously under the auspices of the above mentioned society. It is proper to state that the horseflesh sold at the establishment of which I have been speaking is all subjected to strict govern mental inspection, and that the establish ment itself has the sanction of the author ities. NUMBER 12. r The event wes celebrated by a banquet in the evening at Lemardelay's i.< the Hue , de Richelieu, and at which ouc hundred and eighty-two persons sat down to the doubt ful delicacy. The bill of fare comprised horse soup, sausages of horse flesh, sirloiu of horse garnished with potato balls, horse a la mode, ragout of horse, roast flesh of horse, and salad dressed with horse oil— this last, I should mention, is almost white without smell, and sweet in flavor. The chair was taken by M. de Quatrefages, the distinguished French naturalist and mem ber of the Institute, who had for supporters M. Albert Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, director of the Garden of Acclimatization : Dr. Souberian, secretary of Acclimatization So ciety ; the Marquis de Bethisy ; the Abbe Dufour ; M. Bertram!, the mathematician and member, of the French Institute; and M. Ducroix, the energetic propagator of the merits of horse flesh as an drticle of food. Appropriate toasts were drank, and songs in praise of the horse, and more particular ly of its alimentary qualities, were sung during the evening. FINDING FAULT WITH CHILDREN. —It is at times necessary to censure and punish.— But much more may be done by encourag ing children when they do well. Be then fore more careful to express your approba tion of good conduct than your disapproba tion of bad. Nothing can more discourage a child than a spirit of incessant fault-find ing on the part of its parreuts. And hard ly anything can exert a in >re injurious in fluence upon the disposition of both parent and child. There are two great motives iu llueucing human actions—hope and fear. - Both of these are at times necessary. But who would not prefer to have her child in fluenced to good conduct by a desire of pleasing, rather than by fear of offending ? If a mother never expresses her gratifica tion when her children do well, and is al ways censuring them when she sees any ! thing amiss, they feel discouraged and un -1 happy. They feel that it is useless to try to please. Their dispositions become har dened and soured by this ceaseless fretting, and at last, finding that whether they do well or ill, they are equally found fault I with, they relinquish all efforts to please, and become heedless of repr inches. But I let a mother approve of her child's conduct | whenever she can. Let her reward him I r | his efforts to please,by smiles and affect i ! In tt.is way she will cherish in her child's | heart some of the noblest and most desirul! • | feelings of our nature. She will cultivate ' in hirn an amiable disposition and a cln fill spirit. Your child has been thr-ngh ;he j day very pleasant and obedi- nt. Jus' 1 - ! fore putting him to sleep for the night, y i ! take his hand say :—"My son y u have been j very good to-day. It makes me very hap* 'py to see you so kind and obedient. God loves children who are dutiful t their p u - i ents,and he promises to make them happy.' i This approbation to him, from his mother, is a great reward And when,with a m , • i than affectionate tone, you say, "<U 1 night, my dear son," he leaves the room with his little heart full of feeling. And when he closes his eyes for sleep,he is hap py, and resolves that he will always try !-. do his duty. ABOUT ORDER.—L'uI things right back in their place when done with. Never haw them all about helter skelter, topsy-turvy, never. When you use any article, hoe, shovel, rake, pitchfork, ax*-, hammer,tongs, boots or shoes, books, slates, pencils, writ ing apparatus, pins, thimbles, pincushions, needles, work-baskets, kitchen furnitm , every article of h >use-wifery or husbandry, no matter what it is, the very moment you have done using it, return it to its proper place. Be sure to have a special place 1 i everything, and cverythirg in its place.— Order, order, perfect order, is the watch word. Heaven's first law. How ninci precious time is saved (aside fioin vexta ti >n) by observing order, systematic regu larity ! And little folks should begin ear ly to preserve order in everything. Form habits of order. These loose, slipshod,slat ternly habits are formed in childhood, 1 habits once formed are apt to cling f . life. Young friends,begin early to keep thing iu their proper places ; study neatues?, or der, economy, sobriety ; in cverytliiiw ! ■ just, honest, pure, lovely,and y >n will h.i\ a good report. EAT Your BROWN BREAD I —lt is a plain, but faithful saying, "Eat your brown bread first," nor is there a b,-tt i rule for a young man's outset in the world. While you continue single you may live within a-, narrow limits as you please ; and it is then you must begin to save,in order to provide for the more enlarged expenses of your fu ture family. Besides, a plain, frugal life is then supported niost cheer uliy ; it is y ur own choice, and it is to be justified on the best and most honest principles in the World, and you have nobody's pride to struggle with, or appetites to master, but your own. As you advance in life and success, it will be expected you should give yourself great er indulgence, and you may then be allow | ed to do it both reasonably and safely. THE man everybody likes is generally I ; fool. The man nobody likes is gene- rally ;i lor* -. .. the man who has friends who would die f >;• 1 | and foes who would love to see Liiu broiled us . , I is usually a man of some worth and force. \\ HEN Daniel Webster was a young n .an, I about commencing the study of law', he v - !- vised not to enter the legal profi ssion, for it was ! already crowded. His reply, was -'There i -1 enough at the top." WRITE your name by kindness, an 1 I * I and mercy, on the hearts of ihr people you e me ! in contact with, year by year, and. you will i wr j be forgotten. AN old lady who had insisted on LM uiin- I ister's praying for rain, bad her cabbage cut up l>y j a hail-storm, and on viewing the wreck, rem irked, • that she ' never knew him to undertake anything ! without overdoing the matter." WHEN you see a man on a moonlight • night trying to convince his shadow that it is im -1 proper to follow a gentleman, you may be sure it i is high time for him to join a temperance society AN exchange says, that "in the absence 1 of both editors, the publisher has succeeded in | securing the services of a gmth-n >to edit the pa- I per that week." A Drunkard, upon hearing that the earth was round, said that accounted for his rolling about so much.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers