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Trat, 1 TEEMS IN VARIABLY CASH.
THE SOKG OF LIGHT,
BY VM. PITT TALXIER.
The following exquisite poem has been pro
, ,d by one of the eminent European critics to
, i. lim'st production in our language :
ireui the quickened womb of the primal gloom
The sun rolled black and bare,
Till I wove him a vest for his Ethiop breast,
iif tin threads of my golden hair ;
• ; tt heu the broad tent of the firmament
Arose on its airy spars,
; penciled the heaven's matchless blue,
And spangled it round with stars.
' painted the flowers of the Eden bowers,
And their leaves of living green,
And mine were the dyes in the sinless eyes
Of Eden's virgin queen ;
But when the fiend's art in the trustful heart
Had fastened his mortal spell,
In the silvery sphere of the first-born year,
To the trembling earth I fell.
When the waves that burst o'er a world accurst
Their work of wrath had sped.
And the Ark's long few—tried and true—
Come forth among the dead ;
With the wondrous gleams of my bridal dreams,
I bade their terror cease ;
And I wrote on the roll of the storm s dark scroll,
God's covenant of Peace.
Like a pall at rest on a senseless breast,
Night's funeral shadow slept—
Where shepherd swains on Bethlehem plains,
Their lonely vigils kept ;
When I flashed on their sight the herald bright
Of Heaven's redeeming plan,
And they chanted the morn of a Savior born—
-Joy ! joy! to the outcast—man!"
Equal favor I show to the lofty and low,
On the just and unjust descend ;
E'en the blind, whose vain spheres roll in darkness
and tears,
Feel my smile the best smile of a friend ;
Say, the flower of the waste by my smile is em
braced
.As the rose in the garden of kings ;
As the crhysalis bier of the worm I appear—
And lo! the butterfly wings.
Fn EI my sentinel steep by the night brooded deep,
I gave with unslumhering eye,
I While the cynosure star of the mariner
f Is blotted out from the sky ;
And guided by,me through the merciless sea,
Though sped by the hurricane's wing,
His compassless, lone, dark weltering bark
To the haven home safely I bring.
I awaken the flowers in their star spangled bowers,
The birds in tbeir chambers of green,
And the mountains and plain grow with beauty
again.
As they bask in their national sheen,
Oh! if such be the worth of my presence on earth,
Though fitful and fleeting the while—
What glories must rest on the home of the blest,
Ever bright with the Deity's smile!
PfettUiWHMlSi.
THE ONE EYED SERVANT.
BY JEAN INGELOW.
Ho you see those two pretty cottages on
opposite sides of the common ? How
bright their windows are, and how prettily
the vines trail over them ! A year ago one
of them was the dirtiest place you can im
agirie, and its mistress the most untidy wo-j
man.
>he was once sitting at lier cottage door
with her arms folded, as if she were deep
in thought; though to look at her face, one ,
* "Id not have supposed she was doing
mire than idly watching the swallows as
they floated about in the hot, clear air.— j
Her gown was torn and shabby, her shoes
down at the heel ; the little curtain in her I
'Menient, which had once been fresh and
white, had a great rent in it ; and alto j
getber, she looked poor and forlorn.
She sat some time gazing across the
common, when all on a sudden she heard a
'ittle noise, like stitching, near the ground. ()
She looked down, and sitting on the bor
der, under a wall-tlower bush, she saw th"
iunuiest little man possible, with a blue
at, a yellow waist-coat, and red boots ;
ij 'had got a small shoe on his lap, and he g
stitehiug away at it with all his might.
" Good morning, mistress !" said the lit- j
tic man. " A very fine day. Why may j
you he looking so earnestly across the com
mon ?" j
" 1 was looking at my neighbor's cot-
tage," said the young woman.
" What ? Tom, the gardener's wife ? Lit*
tic Folly, she used to be called ; and a
very pretty cottage it is, too. Looks thriv- ,
iug, doesn't it t"
" She was always lucky," said Bella, (
1 for that was the youug wife's name); "and j
>r husband is always good to her."
" They were both good husbands at first,'
interrupted the little cobbler, without stop
ping " Reach me my awl, mistress, will
you, for you seem to have nothing to do.
It lies close by your foot."
" Well, I can't say but they were both
very good husbands at first," replied Bella,
teaching the awl with a sigh ; " but mine
Has changed for the worse, and hers for the
Hotter; and then, look how she thrives.
•Only to think of our both being married on
tlie same day ; and now I've nothing, and
*He has two pigs, and a—
"And a lot of flax that she 6pun in the
•inter," interrupted the cobbler ; " and a
Sunday gown, as good green stuff as ever
w "s seen, and, to my knowledge, a hand
sale Bilk handkerchief for an apron ; and
1 red waistcoat for her good-man, with
three rows of blue glass buttous, pud a
Hitch of bacon in tire chimney, and a rope
of onions."
E. O. GOODRICH, Publisher.
VOLUME XXVI.
'• Oh, she's a lucky woman J" exclaimed
Bella.
" Ay, and a tea-tray, with Daniel in the
lion's den upon it," continued the bobbler ;
'and a fat baby in the cradle."
" Oh, I'm sure I don't envy her that last,"
said Bella, pettishly. " I've little enough
for myself and my husband, letting alone
children."
" Why, mistress, isn't your husband in
work ?" asked the cobbler.
" No ; he's at the alehouse."
" Why, how's that ? He used to be very
sober. Can't he get work ?"
" His last master wouldn't keep him, be
cause he was so shabby."
" Humph I" said the little man. " He's a
groom, is he not? Well, as I was saying,
your neighbor opposite thrives ; but no
wonder ? Well, I've nothing to do witli
other people's secrets ; but I could tell
you, only Pm busy, and must go."
"Could tell me what?" cried the young
wife. "0, good cobbler, don't go, for Ive
nothing to do. Pray tell me why it's no
wonder she should thrive ?"
"Well," said he, "it's no business of
mine, you know, but, as 1 said betore, it's
no wonder people thrive who have a ser
vant —a hard working one, too —who is al
ways helping them."
" A servant 1" repeated Bella ; " my
neighbor has a servant ! No wonder, then,
everything looks so neat about her ; but I
never saw this servant. 1 think you must
be mistaken ; besides, how could she afford
to pay her wages ?"
" She has a servant, I say," repeated the
cobbler—" a one-eyed servant; but she
pays her no wages, to my certain knowl
edge. Well, good morning, mistress, I
must go."
" Do stop one minute," cried Bella, ur
gently. " Where did she get this servant?"
" Oh, I don't know," saul the cobbler ;
" servants are plentilul enough ; and Polly
uses her's well, I can tell you."
" And what does she do for her ?"
"Do for her ? why, all sorts of things. 1
think she's the cause of her prosperity. To
my knowledge, she never refuses to do
anything--keeps Tom's aud Polly's clothes
in beautiful order, and the baby's."
" Dear me !" said Bella, in an envious
tone, and holding up both her hands; "well,
she is a lucky woman, and I always said
so. She takes good care I shall never see
her servant. What sort of a servant is she,
and how came she to have only one eye ? '
" It runs in her family," replied the cob
bler, stitching busily ; " they are all so—
oue eye apiece ; yet they make a very
good use of it. And Polly's servant has
four cousins who are blind—stone-blind ;
no eyes at all ; and they sometimes come
and help her. I've seen them in the cot
tage, myself ; and that's how Polly gets a
good deal of her money. They work for
her, aud she takes what they make to mar
ket, and buys all those haudsome things."
"Only think," said Bella, almost ready to
crv withj vexation, "and I've not got a soul
to do anything lor me: how hard it is !"
and she took up her apron to wipe away
h er
The cobbler looked attentively at her.
" Well, you are to be, pitied, certainly,"
he said ; " and if I were not in such a hur
ry —"
"0, do go on, pray. Were you going
to sav you could help me ? I've heard that
your people are fond of curds and whey,
and fresh goosberry syllabub. Now, if you
would help me, trust me that there should
be the most beautiful curds and whey set
every night for you on the hearth ; and no
body should ever look when you went and
came."
"Why, you see," said the cobbler, hes
itating, "my people are extremely particu
lar about—in short, about cleanliness, mis
tress ; and your house is not what one
would call very cleau. No offence I hope ?"
Bella blushed deeply. "Well, but it
should be always cleau, If you would ; ev
ery day of my life I would wash the floor
and sand it,and the hearth should be white
washed as white as snow, and the windows
cleaned."
"Well," said the cobbler, seeming to con
sider, "well, then I should not wonder if I
could' meet with a one-eyed servant for you,
like your neighbor's ; .but it may be several
days before I can ; and mind, mistress, I'm
to have a dish of curds,"
"Yes, and some whipped cream, too," re
plied Bella, full of joy.
The cobbler then took up his tools, wrap
ped them in his leather apron, walked be
hind the wall-flower, and disappeared.
Bella was so delighted, 6he could not
sleep that night for joy. Her husband
scarcely knew the house, she had made
it so bright and clean ; and by night she
had washed the curtain, cleaned the wiu
dow, rubbed the fire-irons, sanded the floor,
and set a great jug of hawthorn ir blossom
on the hearth.
The next morning Bella kept a sharp
lookout both for the tiny cobbler and ou
her neighbor's house, to see whether she
could possibly catch a glimpse of the one
eyed servant. But no—nothing could she
see but her neighbor sitting on her rock
ing chair with her baby on her knee, work
ing.
At last, when she was quite tired, she
heard the voice of the cobbler outside.—
She ran to the door, and cried out--
"0 do, pray, come in, sir ; only look at
my house 1"
"Really," said the cobbler,looking round,
"I declare I should hardly have known it;
the sun can shine brightly now through the
clear glass ; and what a sweet smell of
hawthorn 1"
"Well and my one-eyed servant ?" asked
Bella : "you remember, I hope, that I can't
pay her any wages. Have you met with
one that will come ?"
"All right," replied the little man, nod
ding. "Ive got her with me."
"Got her with you ?" repeated Bella,look
ing round ; "I see nobody."
"Look, here she is!" said the cobbler,
holding up something in hi 6 hand.
Would you believe it ? The one-eyed ser
vant was nothing but a needle.
THEODORE Hook was relating to hie
friend, Charles Mattliewson, how, on one occasion
when supping in the company of Peak, the latter
surreptitiously removed from his plate several
slices of tongue, and, affecting to be very much
annoyed by such practical joking, Hook concluded
with "the fol .owing question : "Now, Charles, what
would you do to any body who treated you in such
a manner?" "Do!" exclaimed Matthewson ;
"why, if any m an meddled with my tongue I'd
lick him."
TBIOHIKIASIS
The public have been startled lately by
the published accounts of a new and terri
ble disease in Germany, and especially in
Saxony, which brings to mind some of the
most terrible plagues of Egypt. The dis
i ease in question, termed Trichiniasis,
caused by the ravages on the human mus
cle of a minute worm, termed the Trichinis
spiralis, coming so close upon the cattle
disease, did indeed, to the ignorant, appear
to justify some of the terrible prophecies of
Dr. Gumming, but to the more intelligent,
and especially to the medical mind, it came
as an old story. Singularly enough, the
worm which is now occupying the attention
of German anatomists was discovered as
long ago as 1835, by Prof. Owen. Both Mr.
John Hilton, a demonstrator of anatomy at
Guy's hospital, and Mr. Wormald, the de
monstrator at St. Bartholomew's, had two
years previously observed small white bod
ies interspersed among the muscles of sub
jects under dissection, and that they were
of a gritty character was evident from the
manner in which they turned the edges of
the knives. Oue of these specimens of
affected muscles was, in the year mention
ed, given to professor Owen by Mr. Paget,
then a student,for inspection. These speck
les the distinguished anatomist discovered,
under the microscope, to be the capsule of
a very fiue worm, which was seen coiled
up closely within it.
From its hair-like fineness, its discoverer
derived the term "trichina," and from the
spiral manner in which it was invariably
found coiled up within its envelope, he ad
ded the word "spiralis." Hence the name
by which it is known. An account oi this
newly-discovered paras te was published
by Professor Owen in the Transactions of
the Zoological Society in 1835, headed,
"Description of a Microscopic Entozoon in
festing the muscles of the human body."
This paper gave a very minute account of
the creature, illustrated with drawings,
and established his claim to be the discov
erer of one of our latest lound inhabitants,
which has made such a sensation in the
world.
The discovery made much noise at the
time throughout Europe,and the Professor's
paper drew the attention ol the anatomists
of Europe to the worm. But one or two
cases were recorded of the presence of the
parasHe in the human body, and the mat
ter remained in abeyance for some years,
until the German Professors again drew
attention to it, and completed our knowl
edge of its method of introduction.
Professor Luschka, of Tubingen, carried
our knowledge of the worm perhaps up to
its highest point anatomically, and in the
same year the method of transmission of
the worm from one animal to another was
made out by a series ol experiments insti
tuted by Herbst von Nachrichten. He
gave the flesh of a hedgehog, which he
knew to be infested with trichina, to young
dogs, and speedily found that all their vol
untary muscles were full of these worms.
But although this important step was made
out, little notice was taken of it. His ex
periments were repeated in Scotland and
England, but the peculiar manner in which
the worm got into the muscle was yet un
discovered. Kenker, in 1860, was lucky
enough to supply this kuowledge.
The body of a servant girl, who had died
with many of the symptoms of typhus fever,
came under the inspection of the anatomist.
He found her voluntary muscles to be full
of trichina: ; and, upon inquiring into her
case, he found that she had assisted in the
making of sausages about three weeks be
fore she was taken ill, and that she had
eaten some of the raw meat a few days be
fore her illness commenced. The butcher
who had killed the pig, and several mem
bers of the family, had been affected in the
same manner as the girl, but had recover
ed.
The sausages and hams were examined,
and were found to be full of worms "eucap- I
suled," as it is termed, or surrounded with
an envelope ; but, in the girl, the worms
were found among the muscles in a Iree
state. From this evidence the manner in
which the parasite obtained entrance to
the human body was fully made out. Pork
—uncooked pork—was the vehicle by
means of which the parasite was enabled
to enter the human body.
But, says the reader, why should pork
only be the means of conveying the entozoa
to the human body ; The reason is, that the
pig is the only animal eaten by man that is
partially a carnivorous feeder. It is sup
posed that the pig obtains them from dead
rats, which are often infested with these
worms, or other garbage. Birds, although
carrion feeders, cannot, for some unknown
reason, be infested with the worm. In the
horse, the calf, and the young and old dog,
ays Dr. Thudichum, the young trichina are
born, but they cannot pierce the intestines,
and therefore cannot immigrate into the
flesh.
Of course it is just possible that the
worm may be conveyed,like the tape-worm,
through the medium of impure water. We
are not likely to drink this, but it often hap
pens that fruit and vegetables are watered
from impure tanks, into which these crea
tures may have got.
It is certainly an objection to the modern
system of watering with liquid manure,
that in this way the tape-worm, and pos
sibly the trichina, may find their way on to
the vegetables which we eat, and in this
way we may be receiving noxious intesti
nal worms into our system. For instance,
some people water their strawberries with
liquid manure, not thinking of the little
serpent that may be hidden in the fruit.
It is now known that, after entering the
alimentary canal, the parasite finds its
breeding-ground, and brings forth immense
numbers of young, which immediately be
giu to make their way through the coats of
the intestines and migrate into the mus.
cles.
It is a singular fact that these disagree
able adventurers always select the volun
tary muscles, or those which are moved at
our will. The heart and kidneys, and those
parts of the viscera which aGt independent
ly of the will, are scarcely ever aftected.
It is, indeed, a matter ol dispute how the
worms get distributed so generally over
the body : some anatomists asserting that
they make their way directly by boring, as
the ship-worm bores through a piece of tim
ber ; but Dr. Thudichnm, who was appoint
ed in 1864 to investigate the subject by
the medical officer of the Privy Council,
asserts that they enter the circulation, and
REGARDLESS OF DENUNCIATION FROM ANY QUARTER.
TOWANDA, BRADFORD COUNTY, PA.,' MAY 10, 1866.
are in this manner distributed equally over
every part of the body. To use his words:
"Arrived in the capillaries (terminal blood
vessels) they penetrate their two-coated
walls, separating the fibers as a man sepa
rates the brandies of a hedge, when creep
ing through it, and are now either at once
in muscular tissue, their proper feeding
ground, or get into inhospitable tissues
and cavities, and there either perish or es
cape from them by a renewed effort at lo
comotion, enter the circulation a second
time, and ultimately perish in the lungs, or
arrive in some muscle to obtain a late asy
lum." This hypothesis certainly seems the
most reasonable, as it is in agreement with
the known means by which other entozoa
emigrate. Arrived at the muscular tissues
it seems again questionable whether the
worm attacks the muscle only, or whether
it is not deposited in the intervals which
occur between the bundles|of muscles. —
Leuckhart says they penetrate the sarcole
mma, and eat the muscular fibre itself. Dr.
Thudichum says that he has uever seen
but ouce the worm in the muscle, but al
ways outside of it. It is certainly a strange
fact that, in many cases, persons attacked
with trichuriasis have not only perfectly
recovered from iis effects, but have become
as strong as ever. It could scarcely have
happeeed that the muscles of these patients
had been fed upon by vast colonies of worms
which would have inevitably destroyed
them beyond repair. The probability is
that the worm finds its way into all the
tissues. Between the third and fourth
week after immigration,Jthe trichina has
become full grown, and now it begins to
prepare its capsule. It becomes fixi dto
the spot in which it is, solid matter is de
posited around it, and curled up it lies im
movable in its plastic capsule, and dies un
less received again into the alimentary ca
nal of another animal, which in this case
of course it never doeß.
The presence of the seen capsuled trich
ina; in the muscles may cause irritation,
but that speedily subsides ; and it is pret
ty clear that mauy persons suffer little
harm from them whill thus curried up, as
they have been found in the bodies of sub
jects that have been dissected, aud whose
previous history gave no evidence of their
existence.
On the other hand the disease, when se
vere, puts on many of the characteristic
symptoms of well-known diseases. The
fever caused by the presence of the parent
worms in the intestines may be, as indeed
it often has been, taken for gastric fever.
Then, again, when the young worms are
immigrating into the muscles, the most ex
cruciating agony seizes the patient ; he
cannot move a muscle without the utmost
pain, aud he lies generally upon his back,
with his legs a little apart, covered with
perspiration. The face and neck become
tumid with a dropsical effusion, which gen
erally extends to the legs and abdomen.-
An attack of acute rheumatic fever appears
to have seized the individual, but for the
want of the heart symptoms. Aagain, the
disease simulates cholera and typhus, and
indeed poisoning, in many of its symptoms;
but those who have seen a genuine case ol
trichiniasis cannot be deceived, as the
whole symptoms present are consistent
with no other disease. In cases of doubt a
piece of the living muscle has been excised
from the biceps muscle of the arm ; and
this test is almost certain to be conclusive,
as the worm is distributed, in severe cases,
in profusion through every voluntary mus
cle of the entire body.
I)r. Thudichum, speaking of a child who
died of this disease, says in his report to
Mr. Simon : " One preparation from the
biceps muscle of a child, four and a half
years of age, which died on the seventy
ninth day, contained the astounding num
ber of fifty-eight. Such a preparation was
estimated to weigh cne fifth of a grain, and
therefore every grain of muscle contained
on an average one hundred trichina}. Now
assuming the weight of the muscle of an
adult to only forty pounds, and assuming
him to be a victim of trichiniasis, and the
parasites equally distributed throughout
tiis body, he would contain upwards of
twenty-eight millions of these animals."
The agony of this plague of worms at
tacking the tine fibers of nerves distributed
throughout the frame, can from this esti
mate be thoroughly understood in the fe
ver and weakness caused by the destruc
tion of fiber, aud the irritation is accounted
for with equal cause.
The process of the disease is pretty much
as follows : During the first stage, which
lasts from a week to ten days, there is
great intestinal disturbance, caused by the
preseuce of the parent trichina* in the in
testines giving rise in severe cases to al
arming diarrhoea, as may be expected.
The second stage lasts a fortnight or
three weeks, —seldom longer j during this
time the immigration of the young trich-
iuse, hatched in the intestinal passage, is
taking place, hence the agony throughout
the body, the dropsy in the face, the hur
ried breathing, and the fever. Although
the dropsy becomes genuine, it in no man
ner depends upon kidney disease, as that
organ is never affected in any way.
In the fourth week the immigration has
enterely ceased, and the worm is begin
ning to be incapsulated. From this time
the patient begins to recover, the appetite
improves, the pains become less, and unless
complications arise, as in other severe fe
vers, the patient gradually passes into a
I state of health.
Death may, however, take place at any
stage of the disease. At the great out
break of this disease which took place at
Calbe, in Germany, it was observed tq hap
pen on the fifth, eight, fourteenth, twenty
first, aud forty-second days of the illness.
Death generally is brought about by ex
haustion ; the exhaustive diarrhoea which
sometimes occurs, together with the inabil
ity to take food, and the terrible agony,
easily explains this termination.
The difficulty connected with the treat-
ment ol this disease is consequent upon
the impossibility of knowing what is re
ally the matter in its early stages, when
treatment is alone useful. In regular out
breaks of the disease the physician is led
to suspect the evil in the begiuuing, aud
then it can be cut short by destroying aud
expelling the parent worms before they
have had time to colonize the intestines
with their young. But at the commence
ment of an outbreak, or in isolated cases,
the symptoms are too like those of gastric
fever to lead to a suspicion of the real na
ture of the affection.
Prevention is far better than cure, and
happily this can be easily accomplished.
As pork is the only means by which the
parasite can enter the human frame, we
have only to take care that we eat it thor
oughly cooked.
The Englishman has a very strong pre
judice in favor of doing his leg of pork well,
however much he may like beef aud mutton
underdone. The Germans are apt to suffer
desperate outbreaks of this disease because
they are fond of smoked causages, in which
no heat is applied to the meat. The sev
erty of the infection depends indeed upon
the amount of cooking to which the trichi
nous meat has been subjected, and the or
der in which it is affected is as follows :
raw meat, smoked sausage, cervelat sau
sage, raw smoked ham, raw smoked sau
sage, fried sausage, fried meat balls, brawn,
pickled pork, blood sausage, boiled pork.
As few people are likely to eat raw pork,
there seems little danger to be apprehen
ded from the most dangerous item in the
list ; but it is well to know that boiled
pork is in all cases the most harmless.
The power of the worm to resist heat
and cold is very remarkable. They have
often been frozen to five degrees below cen
tigrade, and have been thawed to life
again. Ordinary vermiluges are power
less against them, —their vitality is as
great as the wheel-worm, which seems al
most indestructible. Let our friends, then,
take care never to touch the smallest por
tion of underdone pork, and beware of
German sausages, polonies, and things of
the same kind, as they would beware of an
assassin.
Before the discovery of the new disease,
trichiniasis, several epidemics occurred in
Germany, which very much puzzled the
physicians.
In two or three cases it was snpposed
that the persons suffering had been poi
soned in some mysterious manner, and ju
dicial inquiries were instituted without
any result. More generally, however, the
outbreaks were ascribed to rheumatic fe
ver, or typhus fever. It was observed at
the time of their occurrence that the out
breaks were confined to particular families,
regiments, or villages.
The symptoms, then obscure, are now
recognized as those of trichiniasis ; indeed,
there seems to be little doubt that they
were outbreaks of this disorder. They all
occurred in the spring of the year, the time
of pig-sticking in Germany, and the very
characteristic swelling of the face, in the
absence of any kidney disease, was ob
served.
The morality arising from this disease is
in direct ratio to the severity of the attack,
and this depends upon the number of worms
which may chance to be introduced into
body. One pig is sufficient to cause an ep
idemic far and wide; indeed, many of those
which have ravaged Germany within these
last three or four years have been traced
to one trichinous pig
At the outbreak at Planen one person
died out of thirty attacked. At Calbe,
where the epidemic was more severe,seven
persons died out of thirty-eight infected ;
at Hettstadt, where one trichinous pig in
fected one hundred aud fifty-eight persons,
twenty-eight died. From these facts the
formidable nature of the infection may be
gathered.
If sudden epidemics can be traced to the
action of an obscure worm, may we not
hope that many of our disorders, now ob
scure in their origin, and consequently un
manageable and incurable, will iu time
come to light, and be amenable to treat
ment ? Possibly some more subtile power
even than the microscope will be discov
ered, and cive us the power of scrutiniz
ing diseased conditions, and finding out
the agents so stealthily at work in bring
ing tiie human machine to misery and pre
mature death.
1 niNos ABOUT WOMEN. —About
women some queer things are said, which
only the professed satrists have the hardi- ,
hood to publish. Every-body remembers
Punch's aphorism that "Men want all they
can get and women all t .ey can't get."—
Starr King said in a lecture, "whenever
three women are walking together, two of
them are laughing." We have ourselves <
remarked that of the men and woman whom
we meet in a fashionable promenade, the
latter as a general thing have the more
cheerful look. An illnatured bachelor, to
whom we mentioned the fact, said it was
owing to their greater pride of apparel.
"A well-dressed woman," said the impu
dent churl, "is always happy." It has been
noticed that invariably fat women envy the
lean ones, and the lean ones the fat.
A recent writer contributes the follow
ing : "The fftnaller a lady is, so much does
she affect sunflower rosettes, enormous
flounces and extra sized ornaments. Dim
inutive ladies invariably admire giant-like
gentlemen, and vice versa. Ladies who
are greatly admired by their own sex, are
very seldom viewed in the same light by
gentlemen. If you walk up the street with
a bouquet in your hand, nine women out of
ten will look attentively at it,while not one
man out of ten will notice its existence It
is a curious fact that those women who
have made the most acquaintances during
a long course of years,have by far the best
memory of faces and persons.
"Although women are supposed to be the
talkative sex,it is not less true that in lear
ning a foreign tongue men acquire more
readily the faculty of speaking it, while la
dies understand it better and sooner when
spoke not.
THE gravest beast is an ass ; the gra
• bird is an owl; the gravest fish is an oyster ; and
the gravest man is a fool.
SAD DOMESTIC EXPLOSION. —An injured wife
1 burst into tears.
OPPORTUNITIES, like eggs, must be hatched
when they are fresh.
A GOOD MOTTO FOR AUCTIONEER. —Come
i when yon are bid and bid when you oome.
I DO YOU GIVE IT UP.
My first is a circle,
My second a cross,
' If you meet with my whole
Look out for a toss.
1 Ox.
' THIS world and the next resemble the
> east and west; you can not draw near to one with
-2 out turning your back on the other.
#3 per Annum, in Advance.
WASHINGTON LETT Kit
EDITOR REPORTER :—Do all your readers
fully realize the great importance of the
department of Agrieulture ? Do they all
know what the object of it is ? Presuming
that both questions are answered in the
negative, I propose to give a brief sketch
of it, and the purpose of its establishment.
Prior to 18C2, all tbere was of the De
partment, was a rather insignificant divis
ion of the Bureau of the Patent Ofiice, and
though its work even then of assisting the
farmers, horticulturists, stock growers Ac.,
of the country was considerable, Congress
saw the importance of establishing a sep
arate Department, devoted exclusively to
Agriculture and its kindred sciences.
In May of that year, a law was passed
creating the present Department of Agri
culture, the general designs and duties of
which are, in the language of the act, " to
accquire and to diffuse among the people
of the United States, useful information on
subjects connected with Agriculture in the
most general and comprehensive sense of
that word, and tp procure, propagate and
distribute among the people new and val
uable seed and plants." The design con
templated by the act is being carried out,
to the almost incomputable advantage to
the various industrial pursuits of the coun
try. Many rare and choice grains and
roots have been by this Department, which,
extensively cultivated now, might not for
centuries have been brought to our country j
but for tiiis plan.
To illustrate, I will just mention the sin- !
gle article of Sorghum which was impor- i
ted and distributed throughout the country
by the Department (then only a small cor
ner of the Patent Office) in the year 1854
And now see of what immense value to the
country and its avenues is this simple pro
duction. In 1864, the ammount of Sorghum
molasses raised and manufactured in ten
Western States was 15,630,253 gallons,
which at 60 cts. per gallon, a low estimate,
amounts to over nine and a quarter mil
lions of dollars. The State of Pennsylva
nia the same year produced 19,210 gallons.
The product is now a permanent and prom
inent part of Western agriculture, and the
breadth of land devoted to its growth is
rapidly increasing,each year.
A great many varieties of choice foreign
fruits have, under the supervision of this
Department, been imported and tried and
added to the fruit growing wealth of the
United States. Stock raising and sheep
husbandry have been equally promoted by
its experiments and aids. In the Propaga
ting gardens of the Department are tested
all sorts of plants, vines, Ac. The seeds
and cuttings are also distributed through
the country from Maine to California arrd
from the northern Lakes to the Gulf, arid
placed in the hands of persons engaged in
the various departments of farming. These
experiments bring out the merits and de
merits of the many kinds tested, and the
same is reported to the Department. This
system enables the Department to answer
almost any question in reference to the ad-
aptability of different kinds to the several
soils and climates in which the experiments
are made. This information is iinbodied so
far as practicable, in the monthly and an
nual reports.
Mr. Wm. Saunders, the Superintendent
of ttie propagating gardens, is a man every
way qualified for the position lie holds. In
his selection, the commissioner has showi
first rate discrimination, for Mr. Saunders'
knowledge of all that per.tains to the veg
etable world, is probably not surpassed in
this country. The Department has a Lab
oratory for the purpose of chemical analy
sis.
The Museum of the Department of Agri
culture is a very important feature of it. I
have not space here to give anything like
a full description of this very useful collec
tion, but will merely mention a few of its
prominent points. Here are to be seen
many models of different kinds of fruit, ar
ranged in such a manner as to show the
effect of soil, climate, and cultivation upon
their size and quality. There are a large
number of insects carefully engraved on
copper plate and colored. By referring to a
book containing an index, whose figures
correspond with the numbers on the plates
at each insect, the character of any of the
various species of butterfly and insects may
be ascertained. For instance, if a farmer
discovers a certain kind of butterfly in his
orchard, he can, if apprehensive of danger,
send a specimen to Prof. Glover* who, by
reference to his index and plates, can as
i certain at a glance whether or not the
worms hatched from the eggs of the par
ticular butterfly, are injurious to fruit.
. Whether they are or are not his enemies—
-1 and by further reference, the kind of birds
destructive to the particular insects and
3 worms is ascertained. The forms, habits
and characteristics of different kinds of in
1 sects, enemies of the farmer and horticul
turist may be learned at a glance from tin
e colored plates which hang on the walls anc
the catalogue attached thereto. Two side*
of one of the rooms are devoted to birds ol
North America, which as destroyers of in
sects, are of great interest to farmers. Be
side the several birds are the contents o
each bird's stomach, washed and dried ant
e placed in boxes, which taken at diflerem
seasons of the year, show what particulai
NUMBER 50.
WASHINGTON, April 26, 1866
insects are destroyed by individual species
of birds.
Silk, both foreign and domestic, is shown
in all its stages of existence and processes
of manufacture from the egg of the insect
to the woven material. There is a shelf
devoted to sorghum molasses and sugar
and the paper Ac., manufactured from the
cane. Another shelf is given to coals, pe
troleum and their commercial products
One of the most usefal portions of the Mu
seum, is the interesting collection of veg
etable fibers from various pa(ts of this and
foreign countries, accompanied by labries
from each kind ; and different words, from
Vermont Merinoes down to the long coarse
fleeces of Leicester and Cotswold the
Museum received from China, not long
since, a large collection of fibers, speci
mens of Chinese paper, manufactured from
bamboo, mulberry and straw, a few bottles
of sorgo sugar, syrup, also several cases of
insects collected in China, and many other
curiosities, the greatest variety ever re
ceived by the Department from any foreign
country at one time. The Agricultural
Museum is more than 1 can fully describe
here. Additions are made to the Museum
every week.
The Monthly Report of the Agricultural
Department contains, besides other useful
information, a regular statement of the
condition of the growing crops, and meteor
ological observations from all parts of the
country.
Hon. Inaac Newton, the Commissioner of
the Department of Agriculture, is well
known throughout the country as being a
thorough, practical and scientific farmer.
Few men possess the peculiar (Qualifications
for his arduous position. It was Mr. New
ton who most strenuously urged the the es
tablishment of the Department. So long
ago as in 1836, Mr. Newton then and ever
since a member of the " Philadelphia So
ciety for t e promotion of Agriculture,"
offered a resolution at a regular meeting
of the society, that the society petition
Congress to establish an Agricultural De
partment or bureau. The resolution was
not adopted, and the project remained in
abeyance until the election of President
Harrison, who, having the farming iuterest
at heart, warmly favored Mr. Newton's
plan for the establishment of a Depart
ment of Agriculture, which his early death
prevented and deferred until the election
of President Taylor gave new life to the
project, and during his short administra
tion, an Agricultural bureau, or rather an
Agricultural division of the Patent Com
mission bureau in the Department of the
Interior was established, through which,
as I have before stated, the farming inter
est received some attention, until May 1862
when the present Department was created
with Mr. Newton at its head, under whose
careful and laborious supervision the in
dustrial interests of the country are re
ceiving incalulable assistace.
Yours, truly,
DELOS.
—*Frof. Glover the celebrated Materialist in
charge of the Museum, is so well known in this
and the old world, as to make it useless to say any
thing here of his great acquirements. Mr. New
ton has exhibited an excellent appreciation of the
learning needed, in selecting Mr. Glover.
FUN, FACTS AND FACETLE,
SALMON FISHIKG EXTRAORDINARY. —Scotch
papers say there is excellent sport on the Earn
and the Tay. An Irish correspondent wants to
know whether the "Tay Earn" salmon are caught
ready boiled.
EPITAPH OX A PHYSICIAN. —He survived all
his patients.
UNLAWFUL MARRIAGE. —" Is there anyper
son you would particularly wish me to marry ?" "
said a widow expectant to her dying spouse, who
had been somewhat of a tyrant in his day. "Marry
the devil, if you like ?' was the gruff reply. "Oh
no, my dear," retorted the wife, "you know it is
not lawful to marry two brothers."
A very sentimental poet, seeing'he gam
bols of an ass's foal in a fi Id, vowed that he should
like to send the little thing as a present to his
dearest Matilda. "Do," replied one of his com
panions, "and tie a piece of paper round its neck,
bearing this motto: 'When this you see, remem
ber me.'"
GOOD NEWS FOR THE SPIRITUALISTS. —In the
English Army Estimates for this year a sum was
voted for disembodied Militia. .
You CAN no IT WITH EASE (ees). —The fol
lowing ingenious enigma is inscribed under the
commandments, in the chancel of an old church
iu England :
PRSVR VPRFCIM N V RKPT HRPBCWSTN.
Only one letter is wanted to make good English of
it.
" CATO, what ils you suppose is the rea
son that the sun goes to the South in the winter?"
"Well, 1 don't know, massa, uulass he no stand
de clemency of the Norf, and so am obliged to go
to the Souf, where he sperieuces warmer longimi
tude."
A wee bit of a boy having been slightly
chastized by his mother, sat very quietly in his
chair for some time afterward, no doubt t linking
very profoundly. At last lie spoke out thus:
"Muzzer, I wish pa'd get annnzzer housekeeper—
I've got tired o' seeing you round."
LORD Chesterfield once remarked that
even Adam, the first man, knew the value of po
liteness, and allowed Eve to have the first bite at
the apple,
RED-UOSCS are light-houses to warn voy
agers on the sea of life off the coast of Malaga, Ja
uiiaca, Santa Cruz, and Holland.
AN Irish girl was ordered to hang the
wash clothes on the ho se in the kitchen to dry.
Her mistress shortly after found a very gentle fam
' ily horse standing iu the kitchen completely cov
. ered with the articles that had been washed that
dav. Upon interrogating the girl the reply was,
' "Och, to be sure, ye told me to hang the clothes
• upon the bourse in the kitchen, and the baste is
the kindest I ever saw, sure."
WHY is the human windpipe like the
Pope's anathema? Because it is a neck's com
munication (an excommunication).
"IF an earthquake were to engulf Eu
-5 gland to-morrow," said Jerrold, "the English
would manage to meet and dine somewhere among
the rubbish' just to celegmte the event."
AN honest Philadelphia German got ex
cited over an account of an elopement of a rnar
-8 ried woman, and exclaimed, "If my vife runs avay
1 niit anoder man's vife. I will shake him out of her
preeches, if she be mine fadder, mine Got.
' I BYRON had hie hands full when he had
I this adventure: iV , ~ .
l_ "I stood iu Venice on the bridge of Sighs,
A palace and a prison on each hand."
, ; WRITTEN A ITER GOING TO L.AW.
■ The law, they say, great Nature's chain connects,
8 i That causes ever must produce effects ;
,f In me behold reversed great Nature's laws—
All my efl'ects lost by a single cause.
' A German being required to give a re
ceipt in full, after much mental effort produced
>f following : "1 isli full. I wants no more monish."
John Swaohammer.
T ■ WHAT stone should have been placed at
1 " the gate of Eden after the expusion ?—Adamantine
■f | (Adam aiu't in).