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fckriid fodrij.
IF WE KNEW.
ii i km w the i ares and crosses
Crowding round our neighbor's way :
If we knew the little losses
Sorely grievous day by day,
Would we then so often chide him
For the lack of thrift and gain -
Feu vin on his heart a shadow,
Leaving on the heart a stain ''
it we knew the clouds above us
H< ld by gentle blessings there,
Would we turn away all trembling,
In our blind and weak despair?
Would we shrink from little shadows.
Lying on the dewy grass,
While 'tis only birds of Eden.
•lust in mercy flying past ?
If'we knew the silent story,
Quivering through the heart of pain.
Would our womanhood dare doom them
Rack to haunts of guilt again ?
Life hath many a tangled crossing.
Joy hath many a break of wo,
\na the cheeks, tear-washed, are whitest— j
This the blessed angels know.
Let us reach into our bosoms
For the key to other lives.
And with love toward erring nature.
Cherish go<>d that still survives ;
So that when our disrobed spirit*
.Soar to realms of light again.
We may say. dear Father, judge us
As we judged our l'ellow men.
Xefrro Suffrage in the Distiict of Columbia.
Speech of Hon. George London,
Delivered in the Senate of Pennsylvania.
JANUARY 31, 1*66
CONCLUDED FROM I.AST WEEK.
Mr. LAN'DON. I thank the Senate. This
the point that 1 wish to make—that when
. .;i were pressed by circumstances, you
rtiisetl to these people that if they would
- i -with yon, that you would recognize
.He! maintain their liberty. Will you do it?
Once inure, sr. We hope to see the
- nth regenerated. We desire to see a
i.gige of things in the southern half of
mis country. It never has been developed
i- it should have been. It never has been
in the condition that it ought to have been.
W. hope to see it ploughed, subsoiled and
planted with new seed—with good seed —
'• itii seed that shall bring forth an abun
lant harvest of joy and human greatness.
We want to see the south developed in
:• ectually There is a great sea of mind
there to be cultivated. We wish to see it
developed physically. The South has the
garden of the land. As the devil always
gets the best tunes so the South has got the
best acres
What is this garden spot now in com
parison with New England ? *
Die institutions of the South—their sys
tem of labor was like a simoon upon the
tace of the land, withering aud blighting.
Now we hope to see a different state of
thing-'. We hope to see the Soutli devel
oped intellectually, physically and morally.
e trust the time may come when this
MlUtll era half of our great country shall
nd and blossom as the rose.
Whois to work this change ? Who is to
"id-v :1 the land? Who is to constitute an
tap it ant part of the element of improve
ment and production? These four rnil
"us of freedmen now in the South. And
> 'U would have them successfully de
temp the country by the sweat of their
: w and the toil of their hands, they must
I'ttisdves be developed*
In direct proportion as you develop the
tborer you develop the country. Every
; nan knows that with serfs as laborers a
"igh development of the country is imposs
h- In proportion as you elevate the la
ter ymi pave the way for the elevation
• the whole community. There are four
0.!!;.n;s of froedrnen in the Southern States;
' 'ey ate needed there to do the work. It
- a!! perfectly idle to talk about driving
■ : 'n into Central America or elsewhere.
the first place, you could not do it if
> at would, and in the second, you should
til you could. They are in the land and
I( .v are to do the work. You are to ele-
r at< them, improve them. You are to say
" tii" missionary, "Go there aud go to
r ik, and to the school teacher, "Go there
J '• go to teaching." There are already
any teachers there and many of the treed*
: '" n are in schools. Yea, seventy thous
colored children are now learning ru
"Hental wisdom. You cannot develop the
!!) d unless you develop the developers.
1 51 must bring them up. You cannot
:u, k" water rise higher than the fountain.
1 s We have had trouble enough. We
:' v " had war ever since I can remember.
" have had battles in Congress and out
' "tigress. Then came the bloody battle
,v: ended, and now comes the battle of
w again. I had thought when the bap
'ftft "I blood was upon us, that the four
" :l r* war would settle the conflict, but I
that the same old contest is again upon
" and if we do not take the right path
• jW . it may be necessary to light it all
Vl again with shot and shell.
-low will you Pave peace in the South ?
' ,r b are four millions of colored people,
disenthralled and emancipated, and
as many millions of whites. The col
people have snuffed the breath of lib
mmie have fought in your battles,
•ic have begun to read, some have read
1 Fpeeches of Patrick Henry- —they have
"ght to take the Tribune, and they do.
T -' lliVe their minds have expan
ftieir impulse toward liberty and the
13. O. GOODRICH, Publisher.
VOLUME XXVI.
privileges of liberty are becoming stronger
every hour.
11 you leave it to the whites to legislate
for these people they will pass their black
codes ; they will appoint overseers to bind
out the colored children to whites when
ever they see fit. They will ordain that no
colored man shall go out of the country
without a pass, or come back without a
pass from some white man. They will dic
tate to them what they shall do and what
they shall not do--measure out to them the
opportunities of life. Here are these two
antagonisms of life running on side by side,
the colored man learning more and more,
as his mind expands, of the rights that be
long to him as a man ; the winte man, on
the other hand, abridging his privileges by
unfriendly legislation ; and we know that
by and by these two antagonisms must
come into collision. It will come, infallibly
jas fate. The colored man will begin to feel
that he that would be free must himself
strike the blow, and he may strike it, and
then will come the war of races in the
Southern States ; then will it be the black
against the white and the white against
the black. Each clutching at the throat of
the other, there will come a renewal of the
fierce scenes ol St. Domingo, fires upon the
hills and blood in the vales. This will be
1 called a negro insurrection, and the Gov
ernment will be summoned to the pleasant
task of suppressing it.
You will be called upon to butcher ofi
those to whom you appealed in your hour of
danger, and who helped you fight your bat-
I ties of deliverance.
If you leave the freedmen in the hands
of the South you may look for collision, but
if you deal with them yourselves, teaching
them what they may do and what they ntay
not do, you may have peace. Say to the
colored man, these are your rights and you
shall have them ; say to the whites, these
are your duties and you shall perform them.
Administer to the former large doses of
Lincoln's Proclamation, to the latter equal
doses of the well known "Ben Butler Pana
cea," and speedily will peace and prosper
ity be established upon every square acre
of rebel soil.
Yet further, I have read .Milton's Para
dise Lost, and so have you. Milton had
genius enough to describe the guilt and
dereliction ol the rebel angels who conjured
up an insurrection in Heaven. But Milton
had not got genius enough to portray the
guilt of tiiose Southern men that stimula
ted rebellion against this Government.—
Milton never rose to the height of that
great argument. I consider their guilt un
equalled by anything in the long history of
time. How do you treat those men after
you have driven them to the last ditch and
wrenched the bayonet from their hands ?
How do you treat those men now ? They
are voting again, electing members to Con
gress, talking about their rights, holding
conventions, and the very leaders claiming
seats in the halls of legislation. Robert
E. Lee, a guiding genius of the whole
thing—the leading spirit—Robert E. Lee,
is now the educator of American youth and
advertises in the papers that he is now
prepared to receive donations. Lee and
his men were here at Gettysburg ; they
were the men who threatened this capital
at a time when the hearts of the citizens of
Harrisburg throbbed with anxiety, for they
expected the next gale would bring to their
ears the echoes of his cannon. Lee went
through the rebellion, and when he could go
no further made a bow, turnedaround,gave
up bis sword and became the tutor of Vir
ginia chivalry.
Here are all these rebals. What will
you do with them ? Will you, knowing
their efforts to destroy the Government,
take them to your heart again ?
My argument is, that you should treat
those who were your friends when you
needed friends, as well as you treat those
who were your enemies aud clutched at the
throat of the Government.
You ought to treat Robert Small as well
as you do Robert E. Lee. Robert Small,
once a slave, took the vessel in which he
was pilot, aud clandestinely run it by the
rebel batteries and brought himself, vessel
and all, into our lines, and as he came un
der the old banner surrendered the vessel
up with all on board.
Where is he to day ?
When- is Robert E. Lee?
1 submit to you, sir. cool}', calmly, not
for declamation's sake—for it is not a sub
ject for declamation—l submit to the Sen
ate of Pennsylvania, I submit to the people
of the whole country, 1 submit it to all
Christendom, sir, that you ought to treat
the Southern loyal colored man as well as
you treat the Southern white rebel who is
stained with blood from head to heel. If
there is any argument on that, I am pre
pared to hear it. Whoever says nay, let
him speak.
There is a man—the Senator from Indi
ana (Mr. WHITE) —who was put in a dun
geon in Libby Prison and laid there long
days and weary nights, who has told you
how he burrowed his way from the prison
and how the colored loyal friends of the
South met him at midnight, gave him their
food and carried him forty miles bundled
up in a load of straw. Then tho whites
captured him again, thrust liitn in a dun
geon, thrust a candle in his face and said,
"You damned Yankee, you didn't succeed,
did you?"
Those men who hunted him down with
blood hounds, the sears of whose teeth ate
yet upon his limbs, are voteis to-day—
where are the colored men that watched
with him, and fed hint and protected him ?
Our soldiers were starved to death and
endured greater tortures than were ever
inflicted by the aboriginal Indians ; sixty
thousand of our brave boys were starved in
Southern prisons. Where are the men who
ministered to tlicin in their prisons? Will
you protect them and treat them as well as
you do your enemies ? I wish the Senate
of Pennsylvania to settle that point.
1 do not desire to weary you, sir, and I
shall pass over much that might be said.
The great law of the age is progress.
We have acquired the growth of half a
century in the past five years, and we shall
see things five years from now, I trust,
proportionately advanced from where they
are at present. Must we place ourselves
in the rear of those who keep pace with the
progress in the five years to come !
Keep up with the law of advancement.
Those who will not must calculate to be
thrust aside as the great river of events
sweeps onward. We must either go with
the current or lie on the bank
The great law of the Divine Government
is the elevation of humanity. I wish I had
time to enlarge upon the grand law of the
God you honor and the God you serve. He
seeks the elevation of His poor children in
this world ; He would have the ignorant
taught ; He would have the erring re
claimed ; He would have those in darkness
illuminated ; He would have the miserable
made happy ; He would have the degraded
elevated ; He would have blessing and sun
shine poured upon the injured and sorrow
ing—"appointing to them beauty for ashes,
the oil ot joy for mourning and the garment
of praise for the spirit of heaviness.''
Shall not we be His co-workers in this
age of struggle between right and wrong
—good and evil ? Here are millions of
persons, our wards, we their guardians,
who are to be trained for the duties and
hopes of mankind. Power is with us, de
pendence with them. They turn their eyes
to this Government, as does the child to
the mother—if the mother frowns, hope
dies.
Six weeks ago I stepped into a store,and
as I passed up midway of the room, 1 saw
a colored mau manifestly upon my track.
He followed me in—was very respectably
dressed—he made up to tne and took me
by the hand, and what think you he said ?
He put his lips to my ear and whispered,
" Do all yon can for us."
I know not how others might have lelt,
but, sir, that choking whisper rung through
my soul like the cry of a sinking spiwt ap
pealing for help. Countless multitudes of
such to-day are looking up to ns and the
legislative halls of the country and saying,
"As God's great law is the elevation of hu
manity, we pray you let us enjoy it."
If moral arguments have no power over
us, then let us be swayed towards justice
by financial considerations. This Govern
ment must fortify itself against the mach
inations of the South. No Southern mem
ber should take a seat in Congress, no
rebel State be received into full fellowship
until the monetary interests of the land are
fully and irreversibly secured.
Better allow every negro to vote for
your coEntry —better hold the rebel States
in military subjection for fifty years than
have repudiation with its consequences.
I give you notice to-day, sir, that you
have a battle on hand with the South.
Their uature is unchanged by their defeat.
The war has emancipated their slaves.
They have lost thereby two thousand mil
lions of dollars. They who were rich be
fore the war are paupers now in conse
quence of emancipation. They have three
thousand millions in bonds, and every man
that goes up to Congress—and they are
there now asking lor seats—probably has
a bond in his pocket or *at home. And
when they get seats in Congress it will be
no more than human nature for the man
that lias a bond for fifty thousand dollars
that is now not worth a picayune, to try to
make it of some value. English capitalists
also hold these rebel bonds and il will be
to their interest to co-operate with the
South to secure the recognition of the rebel
debt.
What hive the Southern people written
about in their newspapers and talked of in
their conversations? About indemnities
for the losses of war—about remuneration
for emancipated slaves ; and before five
years have rolled over your heads, all these
questions will have to be discussed and
settled in your National Congress. You
must decide whether they shall be paid for
slaves declared free, and whether the
Southern bonds shall be assumed by this
Government. If they get the power they
will tell you that if you don't assume the
Southern debt they will repudiate yours ;
that if you tax them for 30111- dues, you
shall be taxed for theirs ; that if you pen
sion your wounded soldiers you must pen
sion theirs When they get sixty members
in the House of Representatives, and twen
ty-two in the Senate, and Heaven only
knows how many S3*mpathizers from the
North, then will cornc the tug of war,
"Greek meeting Greek." You must guard
against this in advauce. You must now
provide that 110 emancipated slave shall be
paid for from the exchequer of the Govern
ment. You must make it as unchangeable
as adamant that not a dollar expended for
the destruction of the Government shall
ever he refunded by the Government.
It was hard to have our hearts gashed ;
it would be even harder to pay for the dag
ger with which il was doue. The fittest
opportunity for determining these funda
mental questions, it is to be feared, has
been allowed to pass by. Issues easil3* de
clared and quietly acknowledged six months
ago, would be fiercely contested now. If
the events of the hour do not indicate that
the great principles upou which our victor
ies were won are fast falling into abeyance,
then what do tlmy indicate ? The most
pitiable spectacle of all bistor}' would be
this Government again in the hands of those
who sought its destruction. Congress is
right. In them centre our hopes. Let the
people stand firm as the hills, and posterity
shall }'et reap the fruits of our sorrows and
sacrifices.
There is a class of men in this country
who were originally educated at West
Point —young sprigs—aspiring youth. —
They were educated at the expense of the
Government. Our great common mother,
the country, took them in their arms, held
them to her breast and nursed them until
they grew into manhood, and trained them
for positions of honor and power. When
they became men they swore fealty to their
mother and allegiance to their commands.
In process of time they became matricides
and 6tabbed that mother to the heart. Thus
educated at the country's expense, thus
sworn to defend that country, they at
length abandoned it and made war against
it.
There is another class, with John C'.
Breckinridge at their head. They entered
tie halls of the National Legislature—they
swore to defend the constitution and the
country. In due time they incubated trea
son and bowed themselves out of the halls
of Congress with a leer that made the very
walls turn pale.
There is yet another class, judges and
public officials, all sworn to fealty, who per
jured themselves by entering zealously in
to the schemes of treason, and stimulating
the masses to blood and violence. These
leaders, if not sent on foreign missions
from the rope's end, should long since have
been driven from the country with the death
penalty hanging over them if they ever re
turned. Their presence poisons the atmos-
REGARDLESS OF DENUNCIATION FROM ANT QUARTER.
TOWANDA, BRADFORD COUNTY, PA., APRIL 5, 1860.
phere of liberty. Their shadow is a dis
grace upon soil drenched with blood by
their own villainy.
Their intercourse with the masses stimu
lates feverish excitement and fosters latent
hostility to the country. But for their
presence the multitude would speedily be
come quiet and acquiescing. The Govern
ment owes something to its defied author
ity-something to its outraged dignity—
something to its slaughtered supporters.
Any Government that would have the ar
dent support of friends, must make itself a
terror to sworn enemies. While 1 would
treat the leaders of the rebellion in this
way, I would say to the rank and file, you
have been deceived, you have erred, you
have sowed lies and gathered sheaves of
thorns into your own pierced hearts. Let
tl.e past teach you a lesson never to be for
gotten ; "Go, sin no more and when you
give sufficient evidence of restored reason
and loyalty, you shall enjoy again the
blessings of citizenship, but until then you
are put upou your good behavior.
I would admit to places of power and
trust Union men aud no others. And by
the God of the country, by everything that
makes a nation good, I would not allow a
man reeking with blood of our soldiers who
fell at Gettysburg, and on a thousand other
fields, to enter the courts of national legis
lation. Ido not want, such men as Breck
in *idge to paBS laws for my government or
the government of my children. And if I
had the power, no mau who went freely and
cheerfully into this rebellion, should ever
hold a place ofliouor or profit in the coun
try. I would say to them, you have had
your day ; we will not hang you, but go
into retirement aud think over your mis
deeds. Get through life the best way you
can, and when you die, be buried without a
tombstone, aud give your account to the
Great Judge in the best language you eau.
We have uo use for such as you.
Having done these three things, I would
do a fourth.
I would enfranchise three classes of col
ored men.
I would enfranchise them in the District
of Columbia to begin with, as our Congress
men now propose to do. Then I would call
the roll of the two hundred thousand men
who fought and bled and starved in this
war. 1 would say to the men who carried
the musket, in the language of Jefferson,
"The ballot follows the bullet"—you are
voters. Then I would gather up all that
could read the Constitution, and as they
read it gather some idea of the genius of
our Government, and to them I would say
you too are voters. Then I would gather
up those who pay taxes into the Govern
ment exchequer, and I would say to them,
our fathers, in 1776, fought the Revolution
upon this principle, that where there is tax
ation there should be representation, and
as we tax you, you are entitled to repre
sentation ; go and vote.
These three classes I would enfranchise.
I would encourage others to become rea
ders aud land holders as fast as possible,
until by and by I would stretch over the
whole of them the privileges guaranteed by
the constitution of our country.
It may be said to me, it is not policy to
enfranchise the colored people in the Dis
trict of Columbia or elsewhere. I am sorry
there are men upon this Senate floor to-day
who will say that. lam sorry that upon
this last day of January, 1806, there are
men here who are afraid to vote that the
Congressmen of Pennsylvania did right
when they declared the enfranchisement of
the colored people of the District of Colum
utnbia.
I have only to say you had better follow
truth and not policy. You had better go
for right and not for delusive expediency.
Our Government has been engineered upon
the principle of policy for the last fifty
3'ears, and it came near running it to hell
—it plunged it into a fratricial war, which
is next door to perdition. Now, that the
old ship of State has changed hear bear
ings from Guinea to the port of universal
liberty, throw away the misguided map of
policy, and let us sail by the compass of
justice and truth—let us dare to be men—
men worth}' of the age and the country.
Talk about policy ! You are afraid the
people will not sustain yon ! Trust to
Heaven—trust to the noble, humane im
pulses of the great public heart. Be hon
est. Determine to be right, aud the people
will stand by you and sustain you.
In the District ol Columbia there are
fourteen thousand colored people. For
every soldier furnished by the white peo
ple of the District, the colored people fur
nished four, and the colored men volunteer
ed, while the white men did not go until
they were drafted. The colored people are
all loyal, while nine-tenths or thereabouts
of the white people are to-day rebels at
heart, and returned rebel soldiers. These
colored people pay a tax on one and a half
millions of dollars to the District. They pay
a school tax, but the white people take the
tax to educate their own children and ex
clude the colored people from the schools
They sustain twenty churches- -have twen
ty-one common schools sustained from pri
vate means—and twenty-three Sunday
schools.
Will you a'low them to vote ?
At the formation of our Government free
colored men voted in all States save
South Carolina. We have followed tin
behests of slavery and forsaken the pre
cepts of the fathers ; let us now yield to
the teachings of restored freedom and come
back to their example. We have declared
the colored man free everywhere ar.d pledg
ed ourselves to maintain that freedom. 1
submit that without the ballot his freedom
is not full, complete ; 'tis but an abridge
ment.
Apply it to ourselves—declared citizens
but denied suffrage, we are semi serfs and
groan under the galling fact. Do you ask
me why not allow them to vote in Penn
sylvania ? My reply is this : Pennsyl
vania never rebelled and needs no recon
struction. We are speaking of colored suf
frage in the rebel States. The Constitu
tion of this Commonwealth determines the
matter here. That instrument cannot be
again amended till four years hence, and
then only by the vote of the people. When
they are ready for the change it will be
made.
The General Government has no control
over the question here, as we most earuesf
ly contend it has in the rebel States.—
Would you elevate the colored man there?
Give him the ballot. This will inspire him
with self respect and challenge the regard
lof others. It will be in his hand the mag
na charta of confessed manhood. Would
' you checkmate scheming enemies ? Give
i him the ballot, he will ever cast it for the
j country and her interests. If the master
| could not control him against the country
! when a slave, much less can he control him
being free and armed with a vote. His
1 impulses are right—his yearnings patriotic
—his whole heart with freedom, and these
! will dictate tickets and candidates.—
j Would you establish peace in the South ?
j Would you prevent a war of races ? Rc
; member Southern whites—rebels—have
made you all your troubles by their deter
mination to chain down the negro. Give
him the ballot and henceforward all such
attempts are futile, and peace lollows natu
rally, since the desire for the colored man's
vote will prompts corresponding regard
for the mau himself.
Will you regenerate the South intellec
tually, morally, politically, physically ?
Then must you destroy the power of caste.
Give the colored man the ballot ; he, the
poor white man and white Unionits having
common interests will conto into natural
alliance constituting a majority, voting
down the oligarch, ex-slaveholder and arch
traitor. The colored people of New Or
leans pay taxes this day on fifteen millions
of property, and by the very laws of nature
they will be constrained to vote for the
Unionist and against the man who has
bought and sold, and chained and lashed
j them. Beautiful were the words of Presi
j dent Lincoln to Louisiana, touching the
j matter of reconstruction, when he said :
"In defining the franchise, some of the col
| cwed people might be let in. Theg icon Id
] probably help in some trying time to come, to
j keep thejeicelof libortg in lie family of free•
! dom."
While this is the white man's Govern
ment—his to enjoy, defend and perpetuate,
it belongs equally to all others who seek
its protection and covet its blessings.
America is the asylum of the world, this
Government the inheritance of humanity.
Check no* its progress. Stay not its de
velopment. Forbid not the flow ol its
benefactions.
Let the fires of the past war leave us
purged of all dross. Engrave upon every
pillar of this great temple, in letters of liv
ing light, LIBERTY, JUSTICE, MANHOOD.
Such, sir, is a brief outline of some ol
my convictions upon these matters.
While thanking you for your protracted
attention, of one thing further be reminded.
You and I have often looked at the his
tory of Lincoln ; we have read his life and
been pleased with the many wonderful and
sublime things in that great man's career.
There is one point in his history that al
ways struck me as being more sublime
than any other in his whole lfe or death.
What was it ? Was it when, standing on
the steps of the Capitol, he delivered his
first inaugural ? No, sir. Was it when,
after having been elected by an overwhelm
ing majority, he delivered his second in
augural ? No, sir.
The most sublime scene in Lincoln's his
tory was this : After his assassination, he
was robed in his winding sheet aud lay in
state while thousands and tens of thous
ands passed along taking a last, sad look
at his cold marble features. In that dark
cavalcade that came in at at one doorway
past the bier, went out at the other, there
came one day an aged colored woman,
wrinkled with years and bent with the bur
den of life, leading by the hand her little
grand-daughter. They passed along with
the crowd until they came to the resting
place of the murdered President, aud then
she burst iuto tears. Pausing rather too
long, the guard said "pass ou." She took
her grand-child and held it up so that she
could see the face of the martyred man,
and as the tears followed the channel of
years in her face, she said : "It does'nt
make much difference to me ; I am most
through ; but 1 wanted this child to see
the face of the man that made her free."
Were I a limner, seeking to paint that
man in his highest glory, 1 would paint
him lying there, a martyr for freedom, and
that representative ol the four millions lie
had freed bending over hiut and holding
her child that she might look upon his face.
1 say to yon, sir, that when you and I
shall turn our chilled ear for the last time
to catch the dying, receding echoes of earth,
happy shall we be if we can be greeted
with the blessings of those whom we have
helped to save when ready to perish. And
when we are gone to our last resting place
to sleep the long sleep, thrice honored shall
we be if the educated, cultivated and im
proved sons and daughters of those now
crushed and degraded shall visit our sepul
chres and say of us, "these were our friends,
our defenders and our elevators."
The SPEAKER then adjourned the Sen
ate until three o'clock this afternoon.
A SECRET. —William W irt's letter to his
daughter 011 the "small, sweet courtesies of
life" contains a passage from which a deal
of happiness might be learned "I want
to tell you a secret. The way to make
yourself pleasing to others is to show them
attention. The whole world is like the mil
ler at Mansfield, "who cared for nobody, no
not be, because nobody cared fcr liini."—
And the whole world would serve you so,if
you gave them the same cause. Let every
one, therefore,see that you do care for them,
by showing them what Sterne so happily
called the small courtesies, in which there
is no parade,whose voice is too still to tease,
and which manifest themselves by tender
and affectionate looks, aud little acts of at
tention, giving others the preference in ev
ery little enjoyment,at the table,in the field,
walking, sitting and standing."
Beaut i Et i. Simile. —The pious Jonathan
Edwards describes a Christian as being
like "such a little flower as we see in the
spring of the year, low and humble on
the ground, op< uing its bosom to receive
the pleasant beams of the sun's glory, re
joicing, as it were, in a calm of rapture,dif
fusing around a sweet fragrance, standing
gracefully and lowly in the midst of other
flowers." The world may think nothing of
the little flower ; they may not even notice
it : but, nevertheless, it will be diffusing
arotinn sweet fragrance upon all who dwell
within its lowly shore.
"Act considerately," it is the practical
version of "Know Thyself."
•' 1 AM glad this coffee don't owe me any
thing," said a book-keeper to his wife the other
morning at breakfast. "Why ?" was the response.
••Because I don't believe it would ever settle."
$(3 pev Annum, in Advance.
C
THE CHOLERA.
HOW TO PREPARE FOR ITS APPROACH.
Dr. Hamlin, for many years a missionary
j of the American Board at Constantinople,
i has furnished to the Christian Mirror an
! account of his very successful treatment of
I the cholera in that city. His practice has
! extended through three visitations of this
j dreaded disease, in 1848, 1855, and 1865.
] The suggestions are so simple that we pub
i lisb them, in the hope that tney will do
good, if the cholerashould visit and become
| prevalent in the United States,
j DEAR SIR : The cholera, which lias just
left us after committing learful ravages, is
j making its way into Europe, and will prob
| ably cross the Atlantic before another sum
i rner has passed.
Having been providentially compelled t >
have a good degree of physical acquain
tance with it, and to see it in all its forms
and stages during each of its invasions of
i Constantinople, I wish to make to my friends
in Maine some suggestions which may re
i lieve anxiety or be of practical use.
Ist. On the approach of cholera every
! family should be prepared to treat it with
! out waiting for a physician. It does its
work so expeditiously that, while you are
j waiting for the doctor, it is done.
2. ii' you prepare for it, it will not come.
! 1 think there is no disease which may be
i avoided with so much certainty as the eliol
i era. But Providential circumstances, or
i the thoughtless indiscretions of some mem
i ber of a household, may invite the attack,
j and the challenge will never be refused.—
j It will probably be made in the night, your
i physician has been called in another direet
; ion, arid you must treat the case yourself
! or it prove fatal.
CAERE AND SYMITOM-.
3. Causes of attael. — 1 have personally
1 investigated at least a hundred cases, and
1 not less than three-fourths could be traced
! directly to improper diet, or intoxicating
: drinks, or both united. Of the remainder,
suppressed perspiration would comprise a
! large number. A strong, healthy, temper
' ate laboring man bad a severe attack of
cholera, and after the danger had passed 1
I was curious to ascertain the cause. He
had been cautious and prudent in bis diet.
He used nothing intoxicating. His rcsi
i deuce was in a good locality. But after
some hours of hard labor and very profuse
, perspiration lie had lain down to take his
| customary nap right against an open win
dow through which a eery refreshing breeze
was blowing. Another cause is drinking
i largely of cold water when hot and thirsty.
1 Great fatigue, great anxiety, fright, fear,
all figure among inciting causes. If one
• can avoid all these, he is as safe from the
j cholera as from being swept away by a
! comet.
4. Symptom* at an attack. —While ehol- ;
era is prevalent in a place almost every
one experiences more or less disturbance of
digestion. It is doubtless in part imagin- j
ary. Every one notices the slightest vari
ation of feeling, and this gives an impor
tance to mere trilles. There are often a
slight nausea, or transient pains, or rumb
ling sounds, when no attar!,- follow*. No
one is entirely free from these. Rut when
diarrhoea commences, though painless and
slight, it is in reality the skirmishing party i
of the advancing column, it will have at >
lirst no single character ol Asiatic cholera.
But do not tie deceived. It is the. cholera
nevertheless. Wait a little, give it time to
get hold, say to yourself, "I feel perfectly
well, it will soon pass oil':"' and in a short
time you will repent of your folly in vain. :
I have seen many a one commit suicide in
this way.
Sometimes, though rarely, the attack
commences with vomiting. But in what
ever way it commences, it is sure to hold on.
In a very few hours the patient may sink
into the collapse. The hands and feet be
come cold and purplish, the countenance, at
first nervous and anxious, becomes gloomy
and pathetic, although a mental restless
ness and raging thirst torment the sufferer
while the powers of life are ebbing. The
intellect remains clear, but all the social ,
and mora! feelings seem wonderfully to
collapse with the physical powers. The pa
tient knows lie is to die, hut cares not a
snap about it.
In some cases, though rarely, the diarr
hoea continues for a day or two, and the ,
foolish person keeps about, then suddenly
sinks, sends for the physician, and before
he arrives "dies as the fool dieth."
COURSE OK TREATMENT.
1. For Stopping the Incipient Diarrhea.— ;
The mixture which 1 used in 1848 with
great success, and again in 1855, has du
ring the epidemic been used by thousands, ;
and although the attacks have been more
| sudden and violent, it has fully established
its reputation for efficiency and perfect safe-}
ty It consists of equal parts by measure,
of one laudanum and spirits of camphor,
two tincture of rhubarb. Thirty drops for
| adult, on a lump of sugar, will often check
the diarrhiea. But t- prevent its return |
care should always be taken to continue
the mod cine every four hours in diminish-1
ing doses ; twenty-live, twenty, fifteen, ten,
nine, when careful diet is all that will be
needed.
In case the first does not stay the diar- j
| lnea, continue to give in increase closes—
thirty-five, forty-five, sixty—at every move-1
ment of the bowels. Large doses will pro-}
duce no injur}' while the diarahma lasts.— !
When that is checked then is the time for
caution. I have never seen a case of diar- :
! rhtea taken in season which was not thus j
I controlled, but some cases of advanced di- !
! arrha?a, and especially of relapse, paid no 1
heed to it whatever. As soon as this be
comes apparent I have alwas resorted to
this course : Prepare a teacup of starch
boiled as for use in starching linen, and
stir into it a full teaspoonful of laudanum
for an injection. Give one-third at each
j movement of the bowels. In one desperate
; case, abandoned as hopeh ss by a pliysi
' cian, I could not stop the diarrluea until
: the seventh injection, which contained near
i ly a teaspooniull of laudanum. The patient
i recovered, and is in perfect health. At the
j same time I use prepared chalk in ten-grain
i doses, with a few drops of laudanum and
! camphor to each. But whatever course is
pursued, it must be followed up or the pa
' tient is lost.
2. Mu-tard Poultices. —These should be
applied to the pit of the stomach, and kept
on till the surface is well reddened.
3 The patient, however well he may feel,
should rightly observe perfect rest To lie j
quietly on the back in one half of the bat
tle. In that position the enemy fires over
you, but the moment you rise you are hit.
When attack comes in the form of a diar
rhea the directions will enable every one to
meet it successfully.
4. But when the attack is mor§ violent,
and there is vomiting, or vomiting purging,
perhaps also cramps and colic paius, the
following mixture is far more effective, and
should always be resorted to. The mis
sionaries—Messrs. Bong, Trowbridge and
Washburn-—have used it in very many ca
ses and with wonderful success. It con
sists of equal parts of laudanum, tincture
of capsicum, tincture of ginger, and, tinct
ure of cardarnon seeds. Dose, thirty to for
ty drops, or half a teasponfull in a little wa
ter, and to be increased according to the
urgency of ihe case. In case the first dose
should be ejected, the second, which should
stand ready, should be given immediately
after the spasm of vomiting has ceased.
During this late cholera siege no one of us
failed of controlling the vomiting as also
the purging by, at most, the third dose.
We have, however, invariably made use of
large mustard poultices of strong pure
mustard, applied to the stomach, bowels,
calves of the legs,feet,Ac.,as the case seem
to require.
TREATMENT OF COU.AI'SK.
Collapse. —This is simply a more advan
ced stage of the disease. It indicates the
gradual failing of all the powers of life. It
is difficult to say when a case has become
hopeless. At a certain point the body of
the patient begins to emit a peculiar odor,
which I call the death odor, lor when that
has become decided and unmistakable, I
have never known the patient to recover
I have repeatedly worked upon such cases
for hours with no permanent result. But
the blue color, the cold extremities, the
deeply sunken eye, the vanishing pulse,are
no signs that the case is hopeless. Scores
of such cases in the recent epidemic have
recovered In addition to the second mix
ture, brandy (a tablespoonful every half
hour,) bottles of hot water surrounding the
patient,especially the extremites, sinapisms
and friction, will often in an hour or two
work wonders.
'Thirst— In these, and in all advanced
cases thirst, *-• i.< euflVrer craves for
water, and as sure as he gratifies the crav
ing the worst symptoms return, and he
falls a victim to the transient gratification.
The only safe way is to have a faithful
friend or attendant who will not heed his
entreaties. The suffering may be, however,
safely aileviated and rendered endurable.
Frequent gargling the throat and washing
, out the mouth will bring some relief. A
' spoonful of gum arabic water or of carno
mile tea may frequently be given to wet
the throat. Lyndenham's White Decoction
may also be given, both as a beverage and
nourishment, in c-niall quantities, frequent
ly. In a day or two the suffering from
thirst will cease. In a large majority of
cases it has not been intense for more than
. twenty-four hours.
Did. —Rice water, arrowroot, Lynden
ham's White Decoction, crust water, cam
! omile tea, are the best articles for a day u
two after the attack is controlled. U'amo
ruile is very valuable in restoring the tone
1 of the stomach.
The Typhou! I'l'ii •/'. —A typhoid state
i for a few days will follow all severe cases.
There is nothing alarming in this. It has
! very rarely proved fatal. Patience and
, careful nursing will bring it all right. The
greatest danger is from drinking too freely
When the patient seemed t j be sinking, u
little brandy ami water or arrowroot and
brandy have revived him. In this terrible
visitation of the cholera, we have consid
t ered ourselves perfectly armed and equip
ped, with a hand-bag containing mixture
\"o. 1, mixture \o. 2, (for vomiting, &c., *
a few pounded must rd, a bottle of brandy,
a paper of comomile (lowers, and a paper
of gum Arabic.
I lay no claim to originality in commend
, ing this course of treatment. I have adopt
jed it front suggestions of able and experi
enced physicians. Having been the on!\
doctor of many poor families living neat
tne, 1 have tried various remedies recom
mended by physicians. But 1 have found
none to be at all compared with the above.
During the recent cholera I cannot find
that any treatment has been so successful
; as this.
Contagion- The idea of contagion should
be abandoned. All the missionaries who
have been most with the most malignant
cases day after dav, are fully convinced of
the mui-contagiousuess of the cholera. The
incipient attacks which all have suffered
from, are to be attributed to great fatigue,
making the constitution liable to an at
tack IIAMLIN.
L)U You WORK FOR A LIVING? —A young
' inau commenced visiting a young woman,
and appeared to be well pleased. One
evening lie called when it was quite late,
which led the girl to inquire where he had
been.
" 1 had to work to night," he replied.
" Do you work for a living ?" inquired the
astonished girl.
" Certainly , 1 am a mechanic."
" My brother doesn't work, and 1 dislike
the name of mechanic," and she turned up
her pretty nose.
That was the last time the mechanievis
itcd the vour.g woman. He is now a
wealthy man, and has one of the best wo
men for his wife. The young lady whodis-
I liked the name of mechanic, is now the
wife of a miserable fool, a regular vagrant
about grog-shops, and she, poor miserable
girl, is obliged to take in washing in ordci
j to support herself and children.
IDENTITY.—"If 1 lose the blade of uiy
j knife," asked a college student of the Pro
| lessor of Logic, "and get a new blade put
into it, is it still the same knife ?" "Cer
tainly," replied the Professor. "It 1 then
lose the handle," queried the student, "and
get a new one fitted to the blade, is it still
the same knife?" Unquestionably," replied
the Professor, "the same knife." "If some
body finds the old blade and old handle,"
J continued the student, "and puts them to
gether, what knife is that?" "That ques
i tion is irrelevant to a discussion as to the
identity of the knife under consideration;
it is introducing a side issue, a course to
i be avoided in logic."
A LETTER was mailed in one of our post
! offices the other day that had no postage-stamp
upon it, but iu place ot the stamp had the follow
, ing written on one corner of the envelope : "Mr.
Postmaster, don't charge no postage on this : the
i stamp wouldn't stirk. so I tore the thing up.
Win did Adam when alone find the day
very long ? Because it was always morning with
out Eve. •
" H ALLOA, Bridget ! what o'clock is t,
nud where's the chicken-pie?" "It's eight, air.'
"CAN you see anything in my eye—it
' feels very sore ?" asked a lazy, good-for-nothing
; student of Oliver Wendell Holmes.
"I can see a very bad pupil," was the reply ot
the Professor, who never likes to be fnnnv when
he has his professional garments on.
AN exchange gives reasons for not pub
lishing a poetic effusion as follows : ''The rhythm
I sounds like pumpkins rolling over a barn floor,
while some lines appear to have been measured
i with a yard-Stick, and the others with a tea-toot
j pole."
NUMBER 45.