ONE DOLLAR PER ANNUM INVARIABLY IN ADVANCE.
TOAVANDA :
Thursday Morning, December 15, 1859,
Stlttitb
MARTYRDOM OP JOHN BROWN.
[The following hymn was sung at Boston, on Sunday,
4th inst., at A meeting addressed by liALrn WALDO EMKK
sos. It is the production ola young gentleman of Con-
Til. The poem which follows was written by Mr. E-,
and recited at the same meeting.]
To-day beside Potomac's wave,
Beneath Virginia's sky,
They slay the man who loved the slave,
And dared for him to die.
The Pilgrim Father's earnest creed,
Virginia's ancient faith,
Inspired thia hero's noblest deed,
And bis retv ard is—Death i
Great Washington's indignant shade
Forever nrged him on—
He heard from Monticello's glade
The voice of Jefferson.
But chiefly on the Hebrew page
He read Jehovah's law,
And this from youth to hoary age
Obeyed with love and awe.
No selfish purpose armed his hand,
No passion aimed his blow j
How loyally he loved his land
Impartial Time shall show.
But now the faithful martyr dies.
His brave heart beats no more.
His soul ascends the equal skies.
His earthly course is o'er.
For this we mourn, but not for him,
Like him in God we trust;
And though our eyes with tears are dim,
We know that God is just.
A man there came, whence none could tell,
Bearing a touchstone iu his hand,
And tested all things in the land
By its unerring spell.
A thousand transformations rose
Frora lair to foul, from tout to fair ;
The golden crown he did not spare
Nor scorn the beggar's clothes.
Of heirloom jewels prized so much.
Were many changed to chips and clods,
And even statues of the gods
Grumbled beneath its touch.
Then angriH the people cried,
" The loss outweighs the profit far.
Our go- 4s suffice us as they arc.
We will not have them tried."
But sine* they could not so avail
To cheek his unrelenting quest.
They seized him sa\ ing " Let him test
How real's our jail."
But though they slew him with the sword,
And m the fire the touchstone burned,
Its d ings could not be o'erturned.
Its undoings restored.
And when to stop all future harm,
They strewed its ashes to the breeze,
They liltle guessed each grain of these
Conveyed the perfect charm.
\}\ is c r 113 nro us.
The Salt Mines of Cracow.
T KATARN TATLO*.
After descending two hundred and ten fet-t
we saw the first veins of rock sail, hi a bed of
clay aDd crumbled sandstone. Thirty feet
more and we were in a world of salt. Level
galleries branched off from tbe foot to the
staircase ; overhead a ceiling: of solid salt, un
der foot a floor of salt, and on either side dark
gray walls of salt, sparkling here and there
with minute crystals. Lights glimmered
ahead, and on turning the corner we came up
on a gatu: of workmen, some hacking away at
the solid floor, others trundling wheelbarrows
full of the precious cubes. Here was the
chapel of St Anthony, the oldest in the mines
— a byzantine excavation, supported by col- |
umns with altar, crucifix, and life-sire statutes
of ssiuts. apparently in black marine, but ail
as salt as Lot's wife, as I discovered by put- <
ting my tongue to the no*e of Joian the Bap
tist. The humid air of this upper story of
the miDes has damaged some of ue ;int>
Francis, especially, is running awa; ' ke a dip
candle, and ail of his head is gcrt except'his
chin.
The limbs of Jcweph are eff as if
he had the Norwegian leprosy, and L twretce
has deeper tears than his grki roo could Have
made, running up and down his back. A
Bengal light turned at tbe altar, brought iuto
sadden Jl'e tin* strange temple, which present-
Ay tabu.bed into flarkoes*, as if it had never
Leer. seen.
I car.uot fellow, step by step, oor journey
cf. x wo ours through the labyrinths of this
wonderful mine. It ' % bewildering maze of
galleries, grand hails, staircases, and vaulted
chambers, where one loses ail sense of distance
.or direction, and drifts along bliodiy in the
* T ake of hi* conductor. Everything was solid
<ait, except where great piers of bew a logs
bad been built up to support some threatening
root', or vast chasms, left iu quarrying, had
been bridged across As we descended to low
er region*, the air became more dry and agree
able, and the saline walls more pare and brii- :
liant. Que hail, one hundred and eight feet
high, resembled a Grecian theater, the traces
of blocks taken out in regular layers repre
senting the seat* for the spectator* Out of
the single hail one million hundred weight of
salt bad been taken, or enough to supply the
forty million inhabitant* in Austria one year
_ Two obeusks of salt commemorated the
visit of Francis I. and bis Empress in another
spacious irregular vaolt, through which we
passed by means of a wooden bridge resting
on piers of the crysuhua rock. After wehsd
descended to tba bottom of the chamber, a
boy ran along above with a burning Benga
light, throwing flashes of bine luster on the
oa the scarred walls, t*i arches, the
THE BRADFORD REPORTER.
entrance to tbe deeper halls, and the far roof,
fretted with the picks of the workmen. The
effect was magical—wonderful. Even the old
Prussian, who had the face of an exchange brok
er, exclaimed, as he pointed upwards, "It is
like a sky full of lambkins." Presently we
entered another and loftier chamber, yawning
downward like the mouth of hell, with cavern
ous tunnels opening out of tbe further end.—
In these tunnels the workmen, half naked,
with torches in their hands, wild cries, fire
works, and the firing of guus (which here so
reverberate iu tbe imprisoned air that one can
feel every wave of sound,) gave a rough rep
resentation of the infernal regions, for the
benefit of the crowned heads who visit the
tuiues. The effect must be indeed diabolical.
Even we, unexceptionable characters as we
were, looked truly unearthly iu our ghostly
garmeuts, amid the livid glare of the fireworks.
A little further, we struck upon a lake four
fathoms deep, upon which wo embarked in a
heavy square boat and entered a gloomy tun
nel, over the entrance of which was inscribed
in salt letters " Good lock to you !" In such
a place the motto seemed ironical. " Abandon
Lope, all ye who enter here," would have been
1 more appropriate. Midway in the tunnel, the
halls at either end were suddenly illuminated,
and a crash, as of a hundred cannons bellow
ing through the hollow vaults, shook the air
I and water iu such wise that our boat had not
1 ceased trembling when we landed in the furth
{er hall. A tablet inscribed " Heartily wel
j come !" sainted us on lauding. Finally, at the
depth of four hundred and fifty feet, our jour
ney ceased, although we were but half way to
the bottom The remainder is a wilderness of
! shafts, galleries, and smaller chambers, the ex
tent of which we could only conjecture. We
1 then returned through scores of tortuous pass
ages to some vaults where a lot of gnomes,
uaked to the hips, were busy with pick, mallet,
aud wedge, blocking out and separating tbe
| solid pavement.
The process is quite primitive, scarcely dif
1 fering from tba*. of the ancient Egyptians in
quarrying grunite. The blocks are first mark
ed out on the surface by & series of grooves.
One side is thendeepened to the required thick
ness, aud wedges being iuserted under the
block, it is soon split off. It is then split
transversely into pieces of one hundred weight
each, in which form it is ready for sale
Those intended for Russia are rounded on the
edges and corners until they acquire the shape
of large coccous, for the convenience of trans
portation iuto the interior of the country.
The number of workmen employed in the
mines fifteen hundred, all of whom belong to
the " upper crust " —that is, they live on the
outside of the world. They are divided into
gangs, and relieved every six hours. Etch
irang quarries out, on an averse, a little more
than oue thousand hundred weight of -alt in
that space of time, making the annual yield
, four million five hundred thousand hundred
weight ! The men we saw were fine,muscular
healthy looking fellews, aud the offi -er, in
answgr to my questions, stated that their san
itary conditioo was quite equal to that of the
field laborers. Scurvy does not occur among
them, and tbe equality of the temperature of
the mine?—which stands at 54 degree of
Fahrenheit all the year around has a favora
ble effect upou such as are predisposed to dis
cases of the lungs. He was not aware of any
j peculiar form of disease induced by the sub
stance in which they work, notwithstanding
where the air is humid salt crystals form upon
the wood work. The wood. I may here re
mark, never rots, and where untouched,retains
, its quality for centuries. The officer explicit
ly denied the story of men having been born
iu these miues, and having gone through hfc
, without ever mounting to the upper world.—
So there goes another interesting fiction of
our youth.
It requires a stretch of imagination to con
ceive tbe extent of this salt bed As far as
explored, its length is two and a half English
miles, its breadth a littie over half a milt?, and
its so d depth six hundred f--et below the sur
i face, and is then interrupted bjsarid&toue.such
ias form the peaks of tiie Carpathian moun
tains. Below this there is no probability that
it agaiu reappears. The general direction is
east anl west, dipping rapidly at it* w"*ter:i
extremity, so that it may, no donht.pnsh much
further in that direction Notwithstanding
the immense amount already quarried—and it
wiii be better understood when I state that
th'e aggregate length of tbe shafts and galleries
amount to tour hundred aud fart if miles —it is
estimated thai at the present rate of explora
tion. the known supply cannot be exhausted
nnder three hundred years. Tie tripartite
treaty, oc the partition of Poland, limits Aus
tria to the present amount—four nvllion five
hundred thousand hundred weight annually
of wh'ch siie is bound to furnish thirty thou
sand hundred weight to Prussia, and eight
hundred thousand to Russia, leaving ever
three mii'ioc hundred weight to herself. This
sum yields her a net revenue from the mines,
of two mii'ion florins, v 51,000,000, annually.
It ; .s not known how this wonderful deposit
—more precious than gold itself—was origi
nally discovered. We know that it was work
ed io the twelfth century, and perhaps much
earlier. The popular faith has invented sev
era! miracles to account for it giving the merit
to favorit saints. One. which gravely publish
ed in "* The History of Cracow," states that a
Polish King, who wooed a princess F'-zabeth
cf Hungary (uor the saint of Wart burg) iu *
the tenth century a.-ked what she would choose
as a bridal gift from him. Somethiug that
would mo>t benefit his people. The marriage
ceremony was performed in & chapel in one of
tbe salt a ties of Trusj!vac ; a. Soon aft-T
being transferred to Cracow, EdzaU-eth went ■
oat to Wieiieaka, surveyed the ground, and i
after choosing a spot, commanded the people
to dig In the course of a few days they found
a salt crytai which the Queen caused to be
set in her wedding nog, and wore until the
day of her death. She must have been a won
derful geologist for those aays Use bed ae '
toaJly toilows tbe Carpathians, appear ng at'
intervals in small deposits, into Trmcsvivaota,
where there are extensive oiaes. It isbelier-1
PUBLISHED EVERY THURSDAY AT TOWANDA, BRADFORD COUNTY, PA., BY E. O'MEARA GOODRICH.
Ed, also, that stretches northward into Russian
Poland. Some years ago the Bank of Warsaw
expended large sums in boriug for salt near
the Austrian frontier. There was much excite
ment and speculation for a time ; bat although
the mineral was found, the cost of quarrying
it was too great, and the enterprise was drop
ped.
The Feet in Winter Time.
No person can be well long, whose feet are
habitually cold ; while securing to them dry
ness and warmth, is the certain meausof remov
ing a variety of annoying ailments. . The feet
of some are kept more comfortable in winter if
cotton is worn, while woolen suits others bet
i ter. The wise course, therefore, if for each
i oue to observe for himself, aud act according
i Iy>
Sornpulous cleanliness is essential to the
healthful warmth of the feet ; hence all, espe
cially those who walk a great deal out of doors
J duriug the day it cold weather, should make it
a point to dip both feet in cold water on ris
ing every morning, and let them remain half
ankle deep, for a minute at a time, then rub
and wipe drv, dress and move about briskly to
warm them up. To such as cannot well adopt
this course from any cause, the next best plan '
is to wash them in warm water every night
just before going to bed, taking tbe precaution
to dry them by the fire most thoroughly be- ,
fore retiring ; this, besides keeping the feet
I clean, preserves a natural softness to the skin,
and has a tendency to prevcut and cure corns.
Many a troublesome throat affection, and
many an annoying headache will be cured if
the feet arc kept always clean, warm, soft aud
dry.
i The momeut the feet are observed to be
( cold, the person should bold them to the fire,
1 with the stockirgs off. until they feel comfor- i
tably warm. One of the several decided ob
jections to a furnace heated house, is the
• want of a place to warm the feet, the registers
being wholly unsuited for that purpose. Our
wealthy citizens do themselves and their families !
• a great wrong if they fail to have one room in
J their house, free to all, where a fire is kept
burning from the first day of October uutii
the first day of June, on a low grate, on a
levt 1 with the hearth ; for the closer a fire is
to the hearth in a graet, or to the flour in a
stove, the more comfortable is it, and the less
heat is wasted.
Ihis is one of the delights of the good old
t fashioned wood fires, the very thought of
which carries so many of us away to the triad
scenes of childhood and early homes. It ought
to be known in New York, where hard and
aatlimcite roal is burned, that with one of the
grates named, filled with hard coal and a few
pieces of Liverpool or cannel put on top, uear
iv all the advautuges of a wood fire are se
cured. at least us tar as cheerfulness, comfort
, and warmth are concerned.
Some feet are kept coid by their dampness
from incessant perspiration ; in such cases cork
sole- are injurious, I eeause they soon become
saturated, and maintain moisture for a long
t me. Soak a cotk for a day or two iu water '
and see. A better plan is to cut a piece of
broadcloth the siseof the foot, baste on it half
an inch thickness of curled haw, wear it inside
j the "took ng, the hair touching the sole ; re
move at night and place it before the fire to
dry until morning. The hair titilates the
skin, thereby warming it some, aud conducts
the dampness to the cloth.
Scrupulous cii anliness of feet and stockings,
watii hair so.es, are the be*t mean* known to
ti- of keeping the feet warm when they are not
cold from decided health. A tight'shoe w ill i
keep the feet " as cold as ice," when a loose j
fitfng one will aliow them to be comfortably !
warm. A loose woolen sock over a loose shoe
, will maintain more warmth than the thickest
sole tight fitting boot. Never start on ajour
ney in winter, nor any other time, with a new
shoe.— Halfs Jvurual cf Health
LIQUOR DRINKING. —If men will drink alco
hol in some shape, the iea.-t injurious time for
it is during a regular meal, or within a few
minutes after, for then the streugth of the
st.mulus is expended on the digestive organs,
and enables them to perform their work more
thoroughly; hence an amount of brandy which
wouid make one tipsy, on an empty stomach,
wou.d have no effect if taken during dinner.
15 :t the amount, to be any way beneficial,
ir,ut In? in prot>ortion to the fat or oil*, u>e.i
at the utile r.iea's ; th-m it aids the c v-'em to
appropriate tiie fat to itself: in other words,
brandy taken w::h fatly food, ten is to fatten
quickly, but it does not gne streugth ; fa;
people are not strong. On the ot. ! er hand, it
i? a coocededt fact iu physiology, tl at alcohol
in every shape impedes the digestion of the
albuminous portion of our food, 'ha; is. brai.dv
makes no flesh, make uo muscles, gives no
strength.
The prize fighter does not want fat ; one
main object in this traiuing is to get rid of it
nad replace it with substantial muscle—with
flesh ; hence wheu in training he never touch
es liquor. The advocates of braudy trium
phantly point at a ruddy faced drinker with
his apparently weii developed muscle and weil
fi.ied sk.n, but fat is a disease, is a puff ; he
has no ag.iity of limb, or courage in his heart,
for he knows, aud we do too, that a lean strip
ling or plow boj of twentv, who was never
drunk in his life, " could whip them ail to
pieces in five minutes."
Away then w.ih ail the nonsense about
brandy strengthening anybody ; it weaken* the
head, it cowers the heart, aad wastes away
the whole man.
®. " Captain, what's tbe fare to St Loais!"
"What part of the boat do you wish to go
on. cabin or de£k 7" ** Hang your cabin,"
said the gentleman from Indiana, "I fire iu a
cabin at home : give me tba beat you've got."
V&. " There, John, that's twice JOU'TB
come home and f rgotten that lard * " Lo,
mother, it was o gressy that it slipped my
mind ''
" REGARDLESS OF DENUNCIATION FROM AIVT QUARTER."
A Remarkable City.
The city of Nice, so interesting to theCbris
tion for the celebrated council once held there,
aud to the arti3t, for the beautiful fragments
yet remaining of ancient splendor, now shares
with many of its compeers the dust of oblivion
At the mandate of the Emperor CoDstantine,
A. D. 326, there assembled within its walls a
greater number of Christian ministers than the
world had ever before seeu together. From
the splendid cities of Asia, from the caves of |
remote Europe, and the burning sands of Af- ,
rica, three haudred and eighteen bishops, and i
and a large number of priests, aud deacons,
and laymen assembled in council, upon the
welfare of the Christian Church, and cstab- ,
lisbed the celebrated declarations of faith
hence called the Nicene Creed. It is said
the appearance of this city, after you ascend
the hill which environ it, is of the most strik
ing and romantic character. An extensive aud
beautiful plain meets the eye, mapped by
streams of water, aud scenery of the most
pleasing aspect.
In its center the waters of the famous Lake
Ascenius repose—fringed with the enlivening
green of the forest trees, so luxuriantly beau
, tiful in this tropical climate. At the extremity
of this lake is situated the large aud beautiful
city of Nice. Its walls are six miles in cir
cumference, and are of an imposing height—
I from twenty five to thirty feet, aud fourteen
I feet thick attheba*e —and bid fair tocontinue
for centuries. They are mantled as usual with
parapets and battlements, and the walk
the summit is beautiful. The entrance is by
three gates, the one inside the other, and rich
j lv ornamented with figures and basso relievos,
j The second or centre gate is of magnificent
size and workmanship, with frieze cornices,
and all the ornaments which mark the pure
age of architecture, and is in a perfect state of
i preservation. There is an inscription on the
frieze over the gate, intimating its erection by
the Emperor Hadrian. The whole exterior is
imposing, and would plainly tell the most in
different observer that he was in the neigh
( borhood of one of tlie largest cities. The
traveller would wonder on his approach to
this sjot at the circumstance ot meeting none
of the inhabitants of th.s great city without
iu gates But this wouder would be cbauged
to amazement, when, on entering its walls, he
finds neither street nor house nor inhabitants,
nor even the remains of either of them ! The
whole inciosure is one vast solitude ! Of al!
the splendid palaces, marble fountains, paved
courts, magnificent ampitheatres, temples, •
baths, and innumerable dwellings which once
filled this great and populous city, not a ves
tige remains. The only trace of any buildings
having existed within this large space, are the
walls of the Greek chapel yet remaining, cov
•tcd with tracery in Mosaic and Greek in
scriptions and fignres worked like embroidery
in small square stories. There is also a spot
on which some fragments of a large building
yet remain, which is said to have been the
palace of Constantiae. From the fragments
which yet strew the spot, little doubt can be
entertained of these being the remains of the
celebrated palace. Here met those holy mea
of b'hristeudom, the illastrious disciples "of ;he
sainted dead ; and though their declaration of
faith —their creed—yet remains, their bones
whiten every land—their very names are lost,
and the magnificent and time-defying palace
in which they as>-*mbled has now crumbled to
its native dust. Nay, even the va>t aud pop
u.cus city in which they met ha- be®n swept
away a-with a besom of destruction from the
face of the earth.
m
j DECEMBER —This la-t m nth of the twelve
1 divisions of our year is a venerable, rep®ct
ble old month, and deserve? a n/tict, thongh it
often gives trie world a puff if not a 6V/ir on its
own bock. When Romulus of old made an ai I
rnanac, he called December the tenth month,
as its name implies, and devoted thi* p. riod to
many festivals such a? Faunalia, Saturnalia,
Lararia and Juveuiie Ludi—at which time we I
are told that ail were on equal footing in mirth
j and fe>tivity as well as sending present- one
to another. It was holiday time for old and
young in the fu.lest t-cti-e of the term, and
the same has been observed from that dav to
this. In the time of Aope Julian, December
was made one of the twelve divisions of the
year as we now have it. Tne Saxons caiicdit
• Winter Month," but after becoming Chris
ti-ans, they called it Holy Month, in commem
oration of Christ's Nativity on the 2">th De
cember The chronology of December is vt-rv
interesting in the record of pa*t events. The
" Red Letter days" of this month are —6th,
St. Nicholas' day ; be was Archbishop of Myra
iu Greece, in A L> 30:.', and was the patron
saint cf children, nnwkoewn ns " Santa Clan*;"
13th. St. Lucia's day—a good young lady of
Syracuse, who died A. D. 304 ; 21st, St
Thomas' day ; he promulgated Christianity
among the Persians, Medes and Parthian*,
Ac.; be wa martyred by the Brahmin* ; 35tk,
Christmas day ; 20th, St Stephen's day—b®
was the first martyr of Christianity ; 27tb, St
John, the Evangelist, who drank poison with
safety ; gSth. Childermas day, in rt-merabrance !
of the " Holy Innocent," or slaughter of cb i- 1
dreu by Herod— it is considered unlucky to
commence any work upon this day 31-t" St i
Sylvester's day. He *a a P"pe, who dieu iu '
334. and a strict uiscipiiuarun .u church ntcs
and ceremonies. I
1
SSf* An anecdote, reiaiive to the late Prn
f.ssor Wilson, is now circulating When the .
su.tor for the hand of Profes or Wnson s \
daughter bad gained the lady's approbation, t
he wa. of course, referred to p.apa Hating /
stated bis probably, not unexpected ease, the : g
younger gentleman was directed to desire the I -
iady to come to her father, and aoabtless her ' t
obedience was prompt. Professor Wilson hac
before him. for review, some work, on the fiy i
leaf of which was dniy inscribed, " With tue j
author's compLmeuta." He tore this out, j
pinned it to h:s danghter'6 dress, solemnly led 1
her to the yoocg lover, and west back to his j!
work. '
Anecdote of Daniel Webster.
The Boston Journal tells the following char
acteristic incident in the life of Dauiel Web
j ater.
We well remember an anecdote of Daniel
Webster, related to us by a lady who passed
away in the bloom of life, which disproves a
j very common supposition that the manner of
] Mr. Webster WHS cold and repulsire. When
a child of 11 years of age, she was travelling
!in a stage to Concord, N. H. Tbis was be
: fore the railroad extended to that place, and
when it was a tedious dav's journey from Bos
ton. Among the passengers was Daniel i
Webster, who was on his way to Concord to j
j deliver an oration on the Bunker Hill Mon
ument, which had then reached its meridian
height. There was nothiug about him to in- I
spire awe. and *be was on the best terms with i
the great statesman. He chatted with her,
told her stories, joked with her, got out at the
wayside taverns to proenre water for her, and
when sue was tired, nestled her to sleep in his
arms. Occasionally he would seem abstracted.
H,s lips moved, and he was probably conning
over his oration for the morrow. But a word
from his young companion, who was to him
but a waif on the sea of travel, would again
light up his countenance with a smile. Thus
they journeyed on the best of term*, until tbev
reached Concord when the guns spoke a wel
come, and the stage was quickly surrounded -
by a crowd eager to catch a giimpse of the op
poneut of Huyne, aud the statesman whose
praise was upou every tongue. The young
girl shrunk back affrighted, and timidly in
quired of Mr. Webster what the noise wt
abeut. "itis to welcome you to Concord,''
replied Mr. \\ ebst-.-r, gaily, u-> he lifted her
from the stage and bore her through the crowd
to the steps of the hotel. He then turned to
respond to the cheers and congratulations of
his friends.
The young girl never saw Mr. Webster
again. But she cherished the memory of his
features with pleasure. She remembered his
dark cavernous eyes, his massive bryw, and
hi* dark features, but they were remembered
a* possessing a geniality aud brightness- that
wero never reproduced iu any picture or bust i
which she afterwards saw. It it perhaps I
noticeable, as a coincidence, that, while be!:*
were tolling in Boston for the funeral cere
monies of Webster, at. J the proces-ioii <>f sor
rowing thousands were pacing through the
streets, the spirit of this young girl, then a
wife and a mother, took it- departure, to re
1 new. perhap*. in a brighter wotld, the acquaint |
ance of a day which Lad been to her so picas- i
ant
A MlSEß —Michael Baird. (or Bear, a* he
was sometimes called.) who lived near Little
York, Pennsylvania, was a miserable miser
His father left a valuable farm of five hun
dred acres in the vicinity of York, with .-orne
farming and household articles. He kept a
tavern for a number of years—married and
raised four chi! iren. He accumulated an im
mense estate which he reserved so tenacious!v
that he never offered a dollar for the educa
ton of his children. He was never known to
lay out one dollar in ca.-h, for any article he
might be iu want of; he would either do
without it, or find some per-ou who would
barter w th him for something be c -uld not
conveniently sell for the money He far:n-d
largely, and kept a large distillery, which he j
supplied entirely with Iris own grain. He kept
a team for conveyance of his whi-key and Hour
to Baltimore, where, when he could not sell
for money at a price to suit him. he bartered
for necessaries for hi* family and tavern. Jr
this way he amassed an estate worth four
hundred thousand dollars. Such was his at
tachment to money that he was never know n
to credit a single dollar to any man. Upon
tie best mortgage or other security thatcouli
be given he would not lend a cent. He never
rested one dollar in public funds, neither
would he keep the notes of any bar k longer
than he could get them changed. He depos
ited his s[ecie in a large iron chest, until it
would hold no more. He then prov ded a
strong iron-hooped barrel, which he aiso fi i -j.
After bis death his strong Koce* yielded tu y
hundred and thirty thousand dollars in gold
and silver
The cau*e of bis death was as remarkable
a* the course of h s life. A gpn'iemaii f. m
A irginia offered him twelve dollar- a I .-Ld
for one hundred and ten bushels of clovers-en;
but he would Dot sell i; for less than thirteen
dollars, arid they did not agree The se d
wa.- afterwards sent to Philadelphia, where it
wa* o'd for seven dollars per bushel, and
brought in the whole five hundred and fiftv
dol.ars les than the Virg'uian hai cff< red for
it. On receiving aa a count of hi *ale, he
walked through b.- farm, wen: to his d \!!erv,
aud gave directions to his people. IB then
went to hi wagon house and hang himatlf.—
Bdm ni JtcpuHi:*a.
TFRRIPLE Arrjprvr TO A Woop CROVV*
A maa named Thomas Bnvsiiow.vh * , ip
ping wood last week near CaserxHi-*, 111., m-t
with an accident of the ro t serious n*tn' r '
About eight oYlo k in the morning he went :
into the wood* and whil® cutting d: *b a
tree, he looked up and saw that it fall'ng
He ran to escape injury, but hi: feet tri; rng
he fell, and before be conld regain his feet the ]
tree came crashing to the groend and a large
limb falling across bis 1-g, pinned him to th
earth. He lay in a most uncomfortable po:- 1
iion for fire hocrs, trying in every way to ]
®xtricate h:meif h?.t !n vain. About tw o or
three o'clock a fellow laborer ps : irg home
from his w.->rk, dtsc:<TTed thennfortu at® man
ar J released Urn from his awful situation.— !
The bones of t s cgs were so TerrlLly crashed
as to render amputation necessary.
A schoolmaster was abont ta flog a
pupil for baring said be waa a fool, when the
lad cried oat: " Oh, d oa't 1 I wont cU you
so any more. I*ll never say what I tb.ik
agaia it all the days of my l.fe I"
VOL. XX.—NO. 28.
Paul Jones.
The Virginia Index is publishing a aeries of
1 interesting sketches, by Mr. Thomas Chase of
, Chesterfield,of "The Life and Character of Paul
J#nes." The? throw much light on the char
acter of Paul Jones, and give, we doubt not
a most faithful account of the famous battle
of his ship, the Bon Homme Richard, with
the Sera pis. Alter stating that the ships
were locked together, which was effected by
Jor.es, because he saw that to keep off at fair
gunshot, with a new and strong frigate like
the Sera pis, would never do for such a crazy
old hulk as the Bou Huiuine P*icba:d, Mr.
Chase proceeds :
" The working of the big guns had been
su-pended during the time of lashing the sbips
together, bnt was now resumed. Of course
neither ship could use but her guns 00 one
side, and these were nearly muzzle to muzzle
—so near that those who handled the ramrods
sometimes hit each other. " Fair play, you
damned Yankee !" an Englishman would ex
claim. "Mind your eye, John Bull, or I'll <fcc."
Tiie firing was not rapid, particularly on
John's part for it cou'd do the ships no hurt
except to knock the guns about a little, and
knock off the gunwales, and occasionally
rai<e a cloud of splinters, from each other's
deck. Jones and his meu kept a sharp look
out that Pcarsou and hi* men did not cut the
lashings and sever the ships. Neither of
these si; t pi was damaged " between wind and
water,'' nor could they now be by any use of
the big guns. Both hai men in the rigging
doing all the mischief they could. In this
kind of play, Jones had the best of it ; for his
men were more terrible, and his spars and
yards were longer, still Pearson would not
surrender, insisting that Jones ought to.
" Capt. Laridis, with the Alliance, came up
to help Jones, and fired a broadside ; but of
necessity it hurt Jones as much as it did Pear
son. Jones immediately cried out " Cspt.
Landis, let us alone ; I can handle him."—
Both -hips were often on fire and as often was
the tire extinguished. Had it not been for
the men 11 the rigging this was one of the
safest sea-fights, so fur as those on deck was
concerned, that almost tver happened—l
mean after the ships were lashed together.
l iie fl ili of the guns would go clear across
eav deck, and the men, by keeping a good
' k-onf, <u i void being hurt, only by step
p'tig a little a-ide. Had the Bon Homme
Richard been a new strong ship, as was the
| Strapis, lot .o g t nave lain there and bnrn
ed |oo h-r and thrown shot until they rotted,
as to -inking either with the guns of the oth
-ler But t:ie li m Homme Pdcbard was old
and rotten, and was leaking badly before
Jones made her fast to the Serapis ; and thus
i fn=t, the strain npon her against the other
?h*p and from the explosion of the guns made
her leak wors?, and it was evident that she
must ere iong go down.
" > cne of Jonesr men and one of his offi
-1 cers told hint she most go down, and vnggest
•d a surrender. " You never ra : ud that, you
-ha ! have a better ship to get home in," said
J )tie-, piea-ar t y J nts an i ail his men, and
Pear-em and his crew, very well knew that if
I the B n Homme Richard was about to sink,
i she w uid caj-ze the S'-rap:s, and both must
go down together It was there f ore, likelv to
be at-* (H • . J ;ies arid Petma—which
for the - .ke of saving his men from a watery
i grave, would -trike first.
Bu. Jou.s had recourse to a stratagem,
which was completely succe.v-ful. lie secret
ly sent his men below, one by one, with the
strictest possible orders to be fully prepared
for boarJing, and at a given siguai to rush on
deck a: ; ~e would lead them on to the deck
0. t:.e Scrap;- a: j clear it. So Jones' met)
seemed to diminish, ti, L_II not vc-ry fa -t, until
only abou T t. rty were aiton u *ck. Pcarsou
saj p - g they were kn.td or badly w nnded,
a . t'.at Jones rnu-t p-.njQ strike, was complete-
Iy off his guard. This was Jones' time Giving
the signal, Lis men were rea Iv iu at instant,
and w:th Jones ahead, with bis deadlv sword,
rnsh d I ke "hell hound- "0; vn the deck of
the Serapis, kt.ling everything they could
reach and in a short time would have killed
everything 00 board ; but Capt Pearvvn, -*e
ing h' time had come, cried w.tb a loud voice,
"Capt. Jones, I surrender," —at the same
time taking b - word by the blade, and pre
senting th handle to Jones, and with the next
brea'h ordered tue colors to lie taken down.
"This vi- in the night. The next evening
the Bon Homme R ; chard went down head
f irenvtsf. Thus t*rm : nat®d the strongest
raval fight or --cord. Paul Jones took the
S- rap.s, tnt Cap* Pearson sank the Boa
Homme Richard."
LAND LEECHES —1B island of Ceylon is c*
b-b-ited f or jtg tropica! luxuriance of anim
a:.J vegt .ble Ife H;)are elephants roam
it- in large drov-s. and the richest
4y i-rpait trarra - ce to every breez-*. Yet
th :! tt abundance it does not eem to be
a very inviting country for a residence There
eppears to be a bitter foreverv sweet : poisoc
c *.* crpnts a 1 rtoi'oa* in*-j are r rv nu
rr.emas, but t;.e greate-t f>ct of the whole
c ur,try is the land letch. These plagues are
ruo-t d"te*-d ' y travel®-* In sze they are
a out an 1 ich in length and as fine a= a'knit
t' ig reedie, but th®y are capable of swelling
on* ar.d distending tntil the are aboat two
in- hes long and as thick as a wri ing quill.
They are so flexible that they can insincato
tri:;elv - through the meat of the icest
Stock. rwt, end as.end cp the b*ck to fasten
upon the tuost tender i>ar:s of the body.—
They are never found in ponds and motst
places, bnt iie among tr.e gras- aid fallen
Icavts, and such is their* rig,.arc® and in
s*iuct that they beers a mm or horse at a coo
s.d®ra >.e distance. when they prepare for at
tack with great alacrity. Tney t Ivsaoe oy
some c.r-uiar sr.des and lay ie* i of *aa trar
e.ePs foot, rise themselves frooi tae ground,asd
ascend his dies* in search of au aperture to
iu'er for a feat. Mu.-cu spiders, and
on: pedes are very uoo&esoaie pes la, bat thev
t- all "ce..tletD* ia cocioarlsoa w.*h
l%ud 7sachet of Cey'.oe "