ONE DOLLAR PER ANNUM INVARIABLY IN ADVANCE. TOAVANDA : Thursday Morning, December 15, 1859, Stlttitb MARTYRDOM OP JOHN BROWN. [The following hymn was sung at Boston, on Sunday, 4th inst., at A meeting addressed by liALrn WALDO EMKK sos. It is the production ola young gentleman of Con- Til. The poem which follows was written by Mr. E-, and recited at the same meeting.] To-day beside Potomac's wave, Beneath Virginia's sky, They slay the man who loved the slave, And dared for him to die. The Pilgrim Father's earnest creed, Virginia's ancient faith, Inspired thia hero's noblest deed, And bis retv ard is—Death i Great Washington's indignant shade Forever nrged him on— He heard from Monticello's glade The voice of Jefferson. But chiefly on the Hebrew page He read Jehovah's law, And this from youth to hoary age Obeyed with love and awe. No selfish purpose armed his hand, No passion aimed his blow j How loyally he loved his land Impartial Time shall show. But now the faithful martyr dies. His brave heart beats no more. His soul ascends the equal skies. His earthly course is o'er. For this we mourn, but not for him, Like him in God we trust; And though our eyes with tears are dim, We know that God is just. A man there came, whence none could tell, Bearing a touchstone iu his hand, And tested all things in the land By its unerring spell. A thousand transformations rose Frora lair to foul, from tout to fair ; The golden crown he did not spare Nor scorn the beggar's clothes. Of heirloom jewels prized so much. Were many changed to chips and clods, And even statues of the gods Grumbled beneath its touch. Then angriH the people cried, " The loss outweighs the profit far. Our go- 4s suffice us as they arc. We will not have them tried." But sine* they could not so avail To cheek his unrelenting quest. They seized him sa\ ing " Let him test How real's our jail." But though they slew him with the sword, And m the fire the touchstone burned, Its d ings could not be o'erturned. Its undoings restored. And when to stop all future harm, They strewed its ashes to the breeze, They liltle guessed each grain of these Conveyed the perfect charm. \}\ is c r 113 nro us. The Salt Mines of Cracow. T KATARN TATLO*. After descending two hundred and ten fet-t we saw the first veins of rock sail, hi a bed of clay aDd crumbled sandstone. Thirty feet more and we were in a world of salt. Level galleries branched off from tbe foot to the staircase ; overhead a ceiling: of solid salt, un der foot a floor of salt, and on either side dark gray walls of salt, sparkling here and there with minute crystals. Lights glimmered ahead, and on turning the corner we came up on a gatu: of workmen, some hacking away at the solid floor, others trundling wheelbarrows full of the precious cubes. Here was the chapel of St Anthony, the oldest in the mines — a byzantine excavation, supported by col- | umns with altar, crucifix, and life-sire statutes of ssiuts. apparently in black marine, but ail as salt as Lot's wife, as I discovered by put- < ting my tongue to the no*e of Joian the Bap tist. The humid air of this upper story of the miDes has damaged some of ue ;int> Francis, especially, is running awa; ' ke a dip candle, and ail of his head is gcrt except'his chin. The limbs of Jcweph are eff as if he had the Norwegian leprosy, and L twretce has deeper tears than his grki roo could Have made, running up and down his back. A Bengal light turned at tbe altar, brought iuto sadden Jl'e tin* strange temple, which present- Ay tabu.bed into flarkoes*, as if it had never Leer. seen. I car.uot fellow, step by step, oor journey cf. x wo ours through the labyrinths of this wonderful mine. It ' % bewildering maze of galleries, grand hails, staircases, and vaulted chambers, where one loses ail sense of distance .or direction, and drifts along bliodiy in the * T ake of hi* conductor. Everything was solid t benefit his people. The marriage ceremony was performed in & chapel in one of tbe salt a ties of Trusj!vac ; a. Soon aft-T being transferred to Cracow, EdzaU-eth went ■ oat to Wieiieaka, surveyed the ground, and i after choosing a spot, commanded the people to dig In the course of a few days they found a salt crytai which the Queen caused to be set in her wedding nog, and wore until the day of her death. She must have been a won derful geologist for those aays Use bed ae ' toaJly toilows tbe Carpathians, appear ng at' intervals in small deposits, into Trmcsvivaota, where there are extensive oiaes. It isbelier-1 PUBLISHED EVERY THURSDAY AT TOWANDA, BRADFORD COUNTY, PA., BY E. O'MEARA GOODRICH. Ed, also, that stretches northward into Russian Poland. Some years ago the Bank of Warsaw expended large sums in boriug for salt near the Austrian frontier. There was much excite ment and speculation for a time ; bat although the mineral was found, the cost of quarrying it was too great, and the enterprise was drop ped. The Feet in Winter Time. No person can be well long, whose feet are habitually cold ; while securing to them dry ness and warmth, is the certain meausof remov ing a variety of annoying ailments. . The feet of some are kept more comfortable in winter if cotton is worn, while woolen suits others bet i ter. The wise course, therefore, if for each i oue to observe for himself, aud act according i Iy> Sornpulous cleanliness is essential to the healthful warmth of the feet ; hence all, espe cially those who walk a great deal out of doors J duriug the day it cold weather, should make it a point to dip both feet in cold water on ris ing every morning, and let them remain half ankle deep, for a minute at a time, then rub and wipe drv, dress and move about briskly to warm them up. To such as cannot well adopt this course from any cause, the next best plan ' is to wash them in warm water every night just before going to bed, taking tbe precaution to dry them by the fire most thoroughly be- , fore retiring ; this, besides keeping the feet I clean, preserves a natural softness to the skin, and has a tendency to prevcut and cure corns. Many a troublesome throat affection, and many an annoying headache will be cured if the feet arc kept always clean, warm, soft aud dry. i The momeut the feet are observed to be ( cold, the person should bold them to the fire, 1 with the stockirgs off. until they feel comfor- i tably warm. One of the several decided ob jections to a furnace heated house, is the • want of a place to warm the feet, the registers being wholly unsuited for that purpose. Our wealthy citizens do themselves and their families ! • a great wrong if they fail to have one room in J their house, free to all, where a fire is kept burning from the first day of October uutii the first day of June, on a low grate, on a levt 1 with the hearth ; for the closer a fire is to the hearth in a graet, or to the flour in a stove, the more comfortable is it, and the less heat is wasted. Ihis is one of the delights of the good old t fashioned wood fires, the very thought of which carries so many of us away to the triad scenes of childhood and early homes. It ought to be known in New York, where hard and aatlimcite roal is burned, that with one of the grates named, filled with hard coal and a few pieces of Liverpool or cannel put on top, uear iv all the advautuges of a wood fire are se cured. at least us tar as cheerfulness, comfort , and warmth are concerned. Some feet are kept coid by their dampness from incessant perspiration ; in such cases cork sole- are injurious, I eeause they soon become saturated, and maintain moisture for a long t me. Soak a cotk for a day or two iu water ' and see. A better plan is to cut a piece of broadcloth the siseof the foot, baste on it half an inch thickness of curled haw, wear it inside j the "took ng, the hair touching the sole ; re move at night and place it before the fire to dry until morning. The hair titilates the skin, thereby warming it some, aud conducts the dampness to the cloth. Scrupulous cii anliness of feet and stockings, watii hair so.es, are the be*t mean* known to ti- of keeping the feet warm when they are not cold from decided health. A tight'shoe w ill i keep the feet " as cold as ice," when a loose j fitfng one will aliow them to be comfortably ! warm. A loose woolen sock over a loose shoe , will maintain more warmth than the thickest sole tight fitting boot. Never start on ajour ney in winter, nor any other time, with a new shoe.— Halfs Jvurual cf Health LIQUOR DRINKING. —If men will drink alco hol in some shape, the iea.-t injurious time for it is during a regular meal, or within a few minutes after, for then the streugth of the st.mulus is expended on the digestive organs, and enables them to perform their work more thoroughly; hence an amount of brandy which wouid make one tipsy, on an empty stomach, wou.d have no effect if taken during dinner. 15 :t the amount, to be any way beneficial, ir,ut In? in prot>ortion to the fat or oil*, u>e.i at the utile r.iea's ; th-m it aids the c v-'em to appropriate tiie fat to itself: in other words, brandy taken w::h fatly food, ten is to fatten quickly, but it does not gne streugth ; fa; people are not strong. On the ot. ! er hand, it i? a coocededt fact iu physiology, tl at alcohol in every shape impedes the digestion of the albuminous portion of our food, 'ha; is. brai.dv makes no flesh, make uo muscles, gives no strength. The prize fighter does not want fat ; one main object in this traiuing is to get rid of it nad replace it with substantial muscle—with flesh ; hence wheu in training he never touch es liquor. The advocates of braudy trium phantly point at a ruddy faced drinker with his apparently weii developed muscle and weil fi.ied sk.n, but fat is a disease, is a puff ; he has no ag.iity of limb, or courage in his heart, for he knows, aud we do too, that a lean strip ling or plow boj of twentv, who was never drunk in his life, " could whip them ail to pieces in five minutes." Away then w.ih ail the nonsense about brandy strengthening anybody ; it weaken* the head, it cowers the heart, aad wastes away the whole man. ®. " Captain, what's tbe fare to St Loais!" "What part of the boat do you wish to go on. cabin or de£k 7" ** Hang your cabin," said the gentleman from Indiana, "I fire iu a cabin at home : give me tba beat you've got." V&. " There, John, that's twice JOU'TB come home and f rgotten that lard * " Lo, mother, it was o gressy that it slipped my mind '' " REGARDLESS OF DENUNCIATION FROM AIVT QUARTER." A Remarkable City. The city of Nice, so interesting to theCbris tion for the celebrated council once held there, aud to the arti3t, for the beautiful fragments yet remaining of ancient splendor, now shares with many of its compeers the dust of oblivion At the mandate of the Emperor CoDstantine, A. D. 326, there assembled within its walls a greater number of Christian ministers than the world had ever before seeu together. From the splendid cities of Asia, from the caves of | remote Europe, and the burning sands of Af- , rica, three haudred and eighteen bishops, and i and a large number of priests, aud deacons, and laymen assembled in council, upon the welfare of the Christian Church, and cstab- , lisbed the celebrated declarations of faith hence called the Nicene Creed. It is said the appearance of this city, after you ascend the hill which environ it, is of the most strik ing and romantic character. An extensive aud beautiful plain meets the eye, mapped by streams of water, aud scenery of the most pleasing aspect. In its center the waters of the famous Lake Ascenius repose—fringed with the enlivening green of the forest trees, so luxuriantly beau , tiful in this tropical climate. At the extremity of this lake is situated the large aud beautiful city of Nice. Its walls are six miles in cir cumference, and are of an imposing height— I from twenty five to thirty feet, aud fourteen I feet thick attheba*e —and bid fair tocontinue for centuries. They are mantled as usual with parapets and battlements, and the walk the summit is beautiful. The entrance is by three gates, the one inside the other, and rich j lv ornamented with figures and basso relievos, j The second or centre gate is of magnificent size and workmanship, with frieze cornices, and all the ornaments which mark the pure age of architecture, and is in a perfect state of i preservation. There is an inscription on the frieze over the gate, intimating its erection by the Emperor Hadrian. The whole exterior is imposing, and would plainly tell the most in different observer that he was in the neigh ( borhood of one of tlie largest cities. The traveller would wonder on his approach to this sjot at the circumstance ot meeting none of the inhabitants of th.s great city without iu gates But this wouder would be cbauged to amazement, when, on entering its walls, he finds neither street nor house nor inhabitants, nor even the remains of either of them ! The whole inciosure is one vast solitude ! Of al! the splendid palaces, marble fountains, paved courts, magnificent ampitheatres, temples, • baths, and innumerable dwellings which once filled this great and populous city, not a ves tige remains. The only trace of any buildings having existed within this large space, are the walls of the Greek chapel yet remaining, cov •tcd with tracery in Mosaic and Greek in scriptions and fignres worked like embroidery in small square stories. There is also a spot on which some fragments of a large building yet remain, which is said to have been the palace of Constantiae. From the fragments which yet strew the spot, little doubt can be entertained of these being the remains of the celebrated palace. Here met those holy mea of b'hristeudom, the illastrious disciples "of ;he sainted dead ; and though their declaration of faith —their creed—yet remains, their bones whiten every land—their very names are lost, and the magnificent and time-defying palace in which they as>-*mbled has now crumbled to its native dust. Nay, even the va>t aud pop u.cus city in which they met ha- be®n swept away a-with a besom of destruction from the face of the earth. m j DECEMBER —This la-t m nth of the twelve 1 divisions of our year is a venerable, rep®ct ble old month, and deserve? a n/tict, thongh it often gives trie world a puff if not a 6V/ir on its own bock. When Romulus of old made an ai I rnanac, he called December the tenth month, as its name implies, and devoted thi* p. riod to many festivals such a? Faunalia, Saturnalia, Lararia and Juveuiie Ludi—at which time we I are told that ail were on equal footing in mirth j and fe>tivity as well as sending present- one to another. It was holiday time for old and young in the fu.lest t-cti-e of the term, and the same has been observed from that dav to this. In the time of Aope Julian, December was made one of the twelve divisions of the year as we now have it. Tne Saxons caiicdit • Winter Month," but after becoming Chris ti-ans, they called it Holy Month, in commem oration of Christ's Nativity on the 2">th De cember The chronology of December is vt-rv interesting in the record of pa*t events. The " Red Letter days" of this month are —6th, St. Nicholas' day ; be was Archbishop of Myra iu Greece, in A L> 30:.', and was the patron saint cf children, nnwkoewn ns " Santa Clan*;" 13th. St. Lucia's day—a good young lady of Syracuse, who died A. D. 304 ; 21st, St Thomas' day ; he promulgated Christianity among the Persians, Medes and Parthian*, Ac.; be wa martyred by the Brahmin* ; 35tk, Christmas day ; 20th, St Stephen's day—b® was the first martyr of Christianity ; 27tb, St John, the Evangelist, who drank poison with safety ; gSth. Childermas day, in rt-merabrance ! of the " Holy Innocent," or slaughter of cb i- 1 dreu by Herod— it is considered unlucky to commence any work upon this day 31-t" St i Sylvester's day. He *a a P"pe, who dieu iu ' 334. and a strict uiscipiiuarun .u church ntcs and ceremonies. I 1 SSf* An anecdote, reiaiive to the late Prn f.ssor Wilson, is now circulating When the . su.tor for the hand of Profes or Wnson s \ daughter bad gained the lady's approbation, t he wa. of course, referred to p.apa Hating / stated bis probably, not unexpected ease, the : g younger gentleman was directed to desire the I - iady to come to her father, and aoabtless her ' t obedience was prompt. Professor Wilson hac before him. for review, some work, on the fiy i leaf of which was dniy inscribed, " With tue j author's compLmeuta." He tore this out, j pinned it to h:s danghter'6 dress, solemnly led 1 her to the yoocg lover, and west back to his j! work. ' Anecdote of Daniel Webster. The Boston Journal tells the following char acteristic incident in the life of Dauiel Web j ater. We well remember an anecdote of Daniel Webster, related to us by a lady who passed away in the bloom of life, which disproves a j very common supposition that the manner of ] Mr. Webster WHS cold and repulsire. When a child of 11 years of age, she was travelling !in a stage to Concord, N. H. Tbis was be : fore the railroad extended to that place, and when it was a tedious dav's journey from Bos ton. Among the passengers was Daniel i Webster, who was on his way to Concord to j j deliver an oration on the Bunker Hill Mon ument, which had then reached its meridian height. There was nothiug about him to in- I spire awe. and *be was on the best terms with i the great statesman. He chatted with her, told her stories, joked with her, got out at the wayside taverns to proenre water for her, and when sue was tired, nestled her to sleep in his arms. Occasionally he would seem abstracted. H,s lips moved, and he was probably conning over his oration for the morrow. But a word from his young companion, who was to him but a waif on the sea of travel, would again light up his countenance with a smile. Thus they journeyed on the best of term*, until tbev reached Concord when the guns spoke a wel come, and the stage was quickly surrounded - by a crowd eager to catch a giimpse of the op poneut of Huyne, aud the statesman whose praise was upou every tongue. The young girl shrunk back affrighted, and timidly in quired of Mr. Webster what the noise wt abeut. "itis to welcome you to Concord,'' replied Mr. \\ ebst-.-r, gaily, u-> he lifted her from the stage and bore her through the crowd to the steps of the hotel. He then turned to respond to the cheers and congratulations of his friends. The young girl never saw Mr. Webster again. But she cherished the memory of his features with pleasure. She remembered his dark cavernous eyes, his massive bryw, and hi* dark features, but they were remembered a* possessing a geniality aud brightness- that wero never reproduced iu any picture or bust i which she afterwards saw. It it perhaps I noticeable, as a coincidence, that, while be!:* were tolling in Boston for the funeral cere monies of Webster, at. J the proces-ioii <>f sor rowing thousands were pacing through the streets, the spirit of this young girl, then a wife and a mother, took it- departure, to re 1 new. perhap*. in a brighter wotld, the acquaint | ance of a day which Lad been to her so picas- i ant A MlSEß —Michael Baird. (or Bear, a* he was sometimes called.) who lived near Little York, Pennsylvania, was a miserable miser His father left a valuable farm of five hun dred acres in the vicinity of York, with .-orne farming and household articles. He kept a tavern for a number of years—married and raised four chi! iren. He accumulated an im mense estate which he reserved so tenacious!v that he never offered a dollar for the educa ton of his children. He was never known to lay out one dollar in ca.-h, for any article he might be iu want of; he would either do without it, or find some per-ou who would barter w th him for something be c -uld not conveniently sell for the money He far:n-d largely, and kept a large distillery, which he j supplied entirely with Iris own grain. He kept a team for conveyance of his whi-key and Hour to Baltimore, where, when he could not sell for money at a price to suit him. he bartered for necessaries for hi* family and tavern. Jr this way he amassed an estate worth four hundred thousand dollars. Such was his at tachment to money that he was never know n to credit a single dollar to any man. Upon tie best mortgage or other security thatcouli be given he would not lend a cent. He never rested one dollar in public funds, neither would he keep the notes of any bar k longer than he could get them changed. He depos ited his s[ecie in a large iron chest, until it would hold no more. He then prov ded a strong iron-hooped barrel, which he aiso fi i -j. After bis death his strong Koce* yielded tu y hundred and thirty thousand dollars in gold and silver The cau*e of bis death was as remarkable a* the course of h s life. A gpn'iemaii f. m A irginia offered him twelve dollar- a I .-Ld for one hundred and ten bushels of clovers-en; but he would Dot sell i; for less than thirteen dollars, arid they did not agree The se d wa.- afterwards sent to Philadelphia, where it wa* o'd for seven dollars per bushel, and brought in the whole five hundred and fiftv dol.ars les than the Virg'uian hai cff< red for it. On receiving aa a count of hi *ale, he walked through b.- farm, wen: to his d \!!erv, aud gave directions to his people. IB then went to hi wagon house and hang himatlf.— Bdm ni JtcpuHi:*a. TFRRIPLE Arrjprvr TO A Woop CROVV* A maa named Thomas Bnvsiiow.vh * , ip ping wood last week near CaserxHi-*, 111., m-t with an accident of the ro t serious n*tn' r ' About eight oYlo k in the morning he went : into the wood* and whil® cutting d: *b a tree, he looked up and saw that it fall'ng He ran to escape injury, but hi: feet tri; rng he fell, and before be conld regain his feet the ] tree came crashing to the groend and a large limb falling across bis 1-g, pinned him to th earth. He lay in a most uncomfortable po:- 1 iion for fire hocrs, trying in every way to ] ®xtricate h:meif h?.t !n vain. About tw o or three o'clock a fellow laborer ps : irg home from his w.->rk, dtsc: cne of Jonesr men and one of his offi -1 cers told hint she most go down, and vnggest •d a surrender. " You never ra : ud that, you -ha ! have a better ship to get home in," said J )tie-, piea-ar t y J nts an i ail his men, and Pear-em and his crew, very well knew that if I the B n Homme Richard was about to sink, i she w uid caj-ze the S'-rap:s, and both must go down together It was there f ore, likelv to be at-* (H • . J ;ies arid Petma—which for the - .ke of saving his men from a watery i grave, would -trike first. Bu. Jou.s had recourse to a stratagem, which was completely succe.v-ful. lie secret ly sent his men below, one by one, with the strictest possible orders to be fully prepared for boarJing, and at a given siguai to rush on deck a: ; ~e would lead them on to the deck 0. t:.e Scrap;- a: j clear it. So Jones' met) seemed to diminish, ti, L_II not vc-ry fa -t, until only abou T t. rty were aiton u *ck. Pcarsou saj p - g they were kn.td or badly w nnded, a . t'.at Jones rnu-t p-.njQ strike, was complete- Iy off his guard. This was Jones' time Giving the signal, Lis men were rea Iv iu at instant, and w:th Jones ahead, with bis deadlv sword, rnsh d I ke "hell hound- "0; vn the deck of the Serapis, kt.ling everything they could reach and in a short time would have killed everything 00 board ; but Capt Pearvvn, -*e ing h' time had come, cried w.tb a loud voice, "Capt. Jones, I surrender," —at the same time taking b - word by the blade, and pre senting th handle to Jones, and with the next brea'h ordered tue colors to lie taken down. "This vi- in the night. The next evening the Bon Homme R ; chard went down head f irenvtsf. Thus t*rm : nat®d the strongest raval fight or --cord. Paul Jones took the S- rap.s, tnt Cap* Pearson sank the Boa Homme Richard." LAND LEECHES —1B island of Ceylon is c* b-b-ited f or jtg tropica! luxuriance of anim a:.J vegt .ble Ife H;)are elephants roam it- in large drov-s. and the richest 4y i-rpait trarra - ce to every breez-*. Yet th :! tt abundance it does not eem to be a very inviting country for a residence There eppears to be a bitter foreverv sweet : poisoc c *.* crpnts a 1 rtoi'oa* in*-j are r rv nu rr.emas, but t;.e greate-t f>ct of the whole c ur,try is the land letch. These plagues are ruo-t d"te*-d ' y travel®-* In sze they are a out an 1 ich in length and as fine a= a'knit t' ig reedie, but th®y are capable of swelling on* ar.d distending tntil the are aboat two in- hes long and as thick as a wri ing quill. They are so flexible that they can insincato tri:;elv - through the meat of the icest Stock. rwt, end as.end cp the b*ck to fasten upon the tuost tender i>ar:s of the body.— They are never found in ponds and motst places, bnt iie among tr.e gras- aid fallen Icavts, and such is their* rig,.arc® and in s*iuct that they beers a mm or horse at a coo s.d®ra >.e distance. when they prepare for at tack with great alacrity. Tney t Ivsaoe oy some c.r-uiar sr.des and lay ie* i of *aa trar e.ePs foot, rise themselves frooi tae ground,asd ascend his dies* in search of au aperture to iu'er for a feat. Mu.-cu spiders, and on: pedes are very uoo&esoaie pes la, bat thev t- all "ce..tletD* ia cocioarlsoa w.*h l%ud 7sachet of Cey'.oe "