S3E25B TfifP' THU- P13?TSRnRG,- Bf&PrCH, - SUND.AtTH DgOMBER- 4- 189& t t A- CLH TO THRONES, European Kingdoms "Winch Are Threatened by Eoyal Pretenders. MANY OF THEM' WEALTHY. Though Burdened With Scandals Don Carlos Is Still in Power. B01IE WHO HAVE CAUSE FOR HOPE. attempts at Assassination Which Hart a Tecaliar Aspect. 'THE GEEAT GRANDSON OP LOUIS-'XTl twRirrrt roa tot dispatch.: Pretenders to the various thrones of Eu rope have been displaying quite an abnor mal degree ot activity of late and in one way or another have been absorbing a con siderable degree of public attention and in terest. In Portugal, for instance, the Le gitimist party has for the first time in three decades succeeded in capturing a cumber of seats in the Legislature and the partisans of Dom Miguel, of Braganza, are organizing committees and clubs.and organ izing newspapers all over the kingdom. In Spain the Carlists aie more to the fore just atpresent than at any period since the death ot Alfonso X1L, and Don Cirlos has openly announced that the time has arrived for action, and that henceforth his follow ers will abandon the passu e attitude which they have maintained since the birth of the little King. In Austria the Duke ot Cum berland, having recently compromised mat ters with Emperor "William as regards his claims to the throne of Hanover, is now moving heaven and earth to secure the rec- ognition by Germany of his pretensions to the sovereignty of the duchy of Bruns wick. A Crisis Coming In Servia. In the Balkans the Servian Pretender Karageorgewitch, the son-in-law of the Prince of Montenegro, is rapidly bringing natters to a climax, involving the deposi tion and in all probability the death of the boy King Alexander, whoso life has al ready been attempted several times by men in the pay of "Black George." The entire country is honcv coaibed with committees organized and maintained by King Kara georgewitch, whose pretensions are sup ported and more or less openly indorsed not only by his lather-in-law, the Prince of "Montenegro, but also by the imperial fam ily ot Russia, to which he is nearly related. The Duke of Orleans, who may be re carded as tbe Eovalist Pretender to the Erench throne for his father, the Count of Paris, is a mere respectable nonentity is now making bis way into the interior of Afr.ca in search of big came and Don Carlos. of public oblivion for his past indiscretions. Prince Victo- Napoleon, the Bonapartist Pretender, who leads a disreputable and dissolute life at Brussels, has" just been issuing a manifesto to the remnants ot his political parly in France, while Neuen dorff, whom many asreed a the rightful heir to the French throne and ns the great grandon ol King Louis XVL, ha recently bt-en arrested at the instance of Mr. Wef don, on a cli irze of attempting to defraud her of ioidc "2,000 under false pretenses. The ex-King and the ex-Queen of Naples, who maintain all their claims to tbeir Jormer throne, and who are firmly con vinced that they will yet sneceed in recov ering their crown, have within the last few xnniiths inherited from the ex-Queen's mother a fortune which nt length pieces them above downright want, and which trill render it unnecessary henceforth for them to pledge their silver plate to the great ) awnhroker, Appcubnroucb, in Lon doi, as tl.ev have been obliged to do on several occasion. The IScht Chances of .Success. Of all these pretenders, the two who have the best chances of success are Dora Miguel, of Braganzi, the claimant ol the Portu guese crou n, and Prince Karageorgewich, the candidate for the throne of Servia. Dom "Miguel, when I last saw him, some five or tixycats a;o, was an exceedingly handgome man, prcscctmrr a strikine resemblance "to his beautiful lister, the ArchilucbessMaria Thereto, whose husband is the heir appar ent to the throne ot Austria. He is very clever a-id exceedingly wealthy, besides "Which he sta'idi. in high favor at" the Vati can, which knows that the.iealization of his hopes will inolvc agreat increase of power to the clergy in Portugal and the restoration of manv privileges and immunities of which the church ha been deprived during the past and present reign of Portugal. Dim Mirncl has been e lucated ia Aus tria with great care by the Jesuits, and bavins been bnrn in Bavaria after the exile of his father, King Miguel, from Portugal, has never until now set his foot on Port-' niuese soil, unless he has'done as under disguise, which 4-do not believe. He, how ever, talks Portuguese perfectly and with out the slightest accent. He holds the rank of Colonel id Hussars in the Austrian army and is decorated with the Austrian Order of the Golden Fleece. Some ten years ago he married Princess Elizabeth of Turn and Taxis, n hoje mother was an eldest sister of the Empress of Austria the sister, indeed, who was jilted for the sake of the latter by Emperor Francis Joseph. Princess Elizabeth, however, died about six years aco, leaving her hutband with tiiree small children. A year ago Dom Miguel was on the eve of contractinc another n arriage with tbe widowed Crown Princess Stephanie, but at the last moment somelhin" occured to break off the match. Drm Micuel, I may add, is extremely pop ular in Austria," and ills influence at the Viennese Court is so great that he was able, three years aso, to prevent the marriage from takine place which had been arranged between the Emperor's joungest daughter, Archduchess Valerie, and the younger brother of the present King of Portugal. Another "IVcallHy Tretcnder. Far Ics popular or respected, but equally v-ra'thy, if not more w, is Don Carlos, the pretender to the throne of Spain. He is a' very fine looking man, over C feet 3 inches in height, broad in prpportion, and with SH the native disnity and stater.neks of 'a Spaniard. Indeed, to see him as I have lreijuently seen him, in cvntns drcs with the identical badge of the Order f the Golden Fleece which had helongef his ancestor, Emperor Charles ., Mi seek, he looted every indj a Sine: tywas jtbls self tame decoration?, however, "Miich' nm lr-llf trin w -. -baJI .. UA JmUi' of a very disgraeelnl law suit at Milan. For obtaining money from her under false pre it -appeared during-the proceedings in con- j tenses. He claims to Be grandson of the necuon therewith tnat .Don Uarlos had cof.ir desecrated it as to pawn it lor the sake of raising innds to pay off a fair but angry friend who was blackmailing him. The discreditable character of the trans action was not so much the transaction of tbe pawning as the attitnde of Don Carlos to the trusted adherent who had conducted negotiations with the pawnbroker in his behalf! Unmindful of tbe faot that tbe General in question had been devoted to his cause for many years, and had spent both blood and money in his service, he coolly charged him with tbe crime of stealing the jewel when requested by his wife and other royal and imperial relatives to account lor its loss. Forced to appear as prosecutor against the General in connection with the alleged theft, Don Carlos was greatly dis mayed by the General's production ot evi dence establishing his own innocence and showing the part played in the matter by his royal master. Only One of.Many Scandals. This is only one of the numerous- dis graceful scandals and discreditable intrigues with which the 'name ot Don Carlos has been associated. Since the death, however. of tbe Ccunt and Countess de Chambord, who bequeathed th maior part of their .for tune to his wife, the unhappy Duchess of .Madrid, he has become more resrx ctable, because more rich, and has at length ren dered it nossible lor the foreign courts tb recognise him as a Prince ot tbe blood, in stead of subjecting him to ostracism as for merly A couple ot years ago ne married his eldest daughter to the Archduke Leo pold ot Austria, brotljer of the young. Arch duke Francis, who is a son-in-law of the Emperor, and among the wedding presents was a magnificent diamond tiara lrom the Queen Recent of Spain. The Duke lives at Venice, -while hi wife, the Duchess ot. 1 ad rid, resides either at the .Chateau of Frohsdorf, in Austria, or else at her superb Palace of the Beal Tenuto, near Via Begcio, in Italy. His eldest son, Don Jaime, has been educated almost entirely in England And has man aged to become a great favorite of Queen Victoria. He has recently been seen, in the disguise ot a Barque peasant in the north' of Suain, but has succeeded until now in avoiding capture by the authorities. The Carlist movement at the present moment in Spain derives its principal importance from the fact that Don Carlos is no longer hampered bv want of money, and that the existing regime bas of late been rendered extremely unpopular by the Con servative administration now in power. Queer and Homely Looking. Of all the pretenders whom I have met, and with whom I am personally acquainted, the Duke of Cumberland, tbe claimant to tbe throne of Brunswick, is certainly the most homely and queer looking. This is attributable to tbe fact that he was born without a nose, the peculiar substitute which now figures in its stead being merely a sort of artificial organ without any carti lage and manufactured by -rutting a strip from the forehead and bringing ft down over the place where the nose should have been. The result is that the Duke's nasal orsran possesses neither character nor re Bistance. Sometimes it inclines to the right and sometimes to the left. Indeed, its weathercock propensities have given rise to no end of discussion and even quar rels. Mv authority for this story concern ing the Duke of Cumberland being born without a nose, is his own cousin, the Duke ol Edinburgh, who" is never so happy as when he is able to say something disagree able and unpleasant about the members of his family. The Duke of Cumberland, like both of tbe other pretenders whom I have just mentioned, is enormously wealthy. His wife, a daughter of the King ot Denmark, possesses some of the finest jewels in Europe, including a matchless pearl necklace worth over 52,000,000, and his silver and gold plate alone weighs over 15 tons. He is very clever and well read, extremely blameless in his private ilife, as pig-headed and obstinate as his great grand ather. King George IIL o( England, olid possessed of very anachronic ideas con cerning the divine rjghtof kins. His win ters are spent at Vienna and the remainder of toe year is passed at his fairvlike palace, on the shore of the Gmuenden Lake, in Up per Austria. His son is a boy of 12 or 13 years old, and it is for the sake of the lat ter that he is endeavoring to secure a recog nition of his rights to the sovereignty of the ancient Duchy of Brunswick. The Duke, I may add, stands in the line of succession to the throne of Great Britain as a descendant of King George III. He sits in the English House ot Lords as Duke of Cumberland, a peerase which he inherited from his grandfather, and he holds the rank of Major General in the British Army. He i, however, on exceedingly bad terms with Queen Victoria, whose countenance of the mesalliance of his sister,Princess Frederica, with his late father's aid de camp, Baron Pawel-Bamiugei, he has always bitterly resented. Little Money and 'o Character. Infinitely less respectable than tbe J) like and possessed ot very little money is Prince Peter Karageorgewitch, who generally mates Paris his headquarters. Jle received hts education at the French militarv school at St. Cyr, and when the war of 1870 broke out he enlisted as a private. His gallantry was such that he was promoted on the field ot battle to the rank ot Captain and deco rated with the Order of the Legion of Honor, a distinction, however, which did apt prevent him subsequently from run ning a verv serious risk of beingshotasa sny by order of General, the Mnrquis de Gallifei, who thoroughly distrusted .him. The Prince is lineally descended from a convicted parricide and his fattier was found guilty by the Supreme Court of Hungary of having instigated the brutal apd cow ardlr assassination of King Milan's uncle and predecessor on the throne of Servia. Iu 1S83 Prince Peter married the daughter ot the ruler ot Montenegro, thereby beconi incr brother-in-law to the Grand Puke Peter of Russia. He is, however, now a widower, and he has quarreled witli his latber-iu-lan pn the subject ol money matters. He is short, slight iu figurcand verv dark, with eyes that do not inspire confidence. His .friends in Servia constitute the Radical party, which at the. present nioment possesses a majontv in the National Legislature. Probably it is owing to this that the re peated Attempts which have been made dur ing the past two years to assassinate young Kmg Alexander have received so little at tention pn the'part of the authorities and have" been left practically unpunished. Prince Peter, I way add, is treated at Vienna- as an adventurer unworthy of the L slightest recognition, save on the part of the police, while at St. Petersburg no is ac corded all the honors reserved for princes' ot the royal blood. A Salt for False Pretenses. 17ith regard to the French ,pretender whcTls styled byliis friends "Charles Louis de Bourboo.'.Duke ot Normandy," and who is described as ''.Neuendorf! by bis ene- Stiff<9el7 possible j,bat pjteof Victor Napoleon. hia numerous adherents will come to bit rescue ana effect a compromise with Mr. I TTT-U L. I. w am ulanltnM 1,'lM fn j -anfortunate Dauphin, whom-some oeneve to have been tortured to death in th Temple Prison of Paris during the BeigA ofTerroratthe close of the last century, and whom others are equally firmly corn vincd escaped and vvas subsequently de nrived of his riirhts and declared as an lm. postor by his uncle. King Louis XVIII, I whose only pretensions to the throne of France were based on tbe alleged death of the Dauphin. Not only in France,, but also ia Germany, Bussia, and especially in Holland, the self styled Duke ot Normandy has found rojnv people, even of royal Word to accord-credence to his story; and it fs worthy of note that the Dutch Government, which is one of the most strict in Europe with regard to the bearing of false names and to the correct registration of births and deaths, has not only registered the death ot the pro tender's lather, under the Bamer of "Charles Louis de Bourbon, grandson, of his late Majesty Iuis XVX, King of France, and -ot Queen Marie Ah- toinette," but that it has also admitted tbe present Duke ol Normandy and hityounger brother to serve as officers in the Dutch army under the name of "De Bourbon," Among tbe notable Frenchmen who nave recognized the validity of the pretender's claims in me name oi nourDon is uie cele brated Bep'ublicau statesman and lawyer, Jules Favre, who signed the treaty of peace with Prince Bismarck at Versailles -in 1871. It is worthy of note that the seal affixed by Jnles Favre to this treaty, which brought to a close the war between Germany and France was made with a signet rinir en graved with Toyal arms of Bourbon, and presented to the French Plenipotentiary by the Duke of Normandr. Unlike the Courts de Paris, who puts himself -forward as the chief of the house of Bourbon, 'and who. ia exceedingly wealthy, tbe Duke of Nor mandy is extremely poor, audit is lack of money more than anything else wnicn nas hitherto prevented " him from obtaining legal restoration in Francs of -his claim, His features potsess.aU tbe marked charac teristics of the Bourbon family, while those of the Com te de Paris do not. " Does lVot Want a Throne. A very charming and good-lookyig young fellow is Prince Demetrius Couza, the -pretender to the throne of Boumania, and whose claims until -a short time ago were more or less openly supported by the Rus sian Government. He is a natural son of the late Prince Couza, who until 1866 was ruler of Boumania, by his liaison with the Princess Obrenowitch tbe mother of King Milan of Servia. When J knew the voung man he was living in much luxnry at'Uugi nosa, a superb country seat near Jassy. in Boumania. He inherited his wealth from Princess Helen Couza, the legitimate wife of "his father. Princess Helen, with a charity and generosity beyond all praise, adopted the child of her rival, Princes Obrenowitch, on the latter's death, in .1870, and brought the boy tip as her own son, be queathing to him all her wealth. Demetrius was. educated.i'almost entirely in France, and has inherited from his beau tiful but dissolute mother far more comeli ness and good looks than his disreputable half brother, the ex-King Milan of Servia, The marriage of the Czar's favorite niece, Princess Marie of Edinburgh, to the Crown Prince of Boumania will Had, in all prob ability, to a definite withdrawal of Russia's support of Prince Demetrius' claims to the throne of Boumania, a fact vrhich is likely to be a source of satisfaction rather than disappointment to the young man. For he certainly-will find the lifeot a wealthy man of rank and leisure preferable to the adven tures and stormy existence dT a pretender to a throne Ex.Dipldmax E0HEIHING AB0TJIKIS3E3. What tbe -World's Various Tfatlons Have Understood the Word to Mean. Boston Globe. The word "kiss" in Anglo-Saxon, and may, indeed, be taken as an instance of how pleasant Anglo-Saxon can be. The jihilol ogist assures us that it is allied to toe Gothic "Jcustns," a proof or test, and to .the Latin "gustus," a taste; which sug gests the old saying, that "the proof of the pudding isin the preein" o't" That same Gothic kustus comes from the verb kiusan, to choose, from which one would imagine that among the Goths kissing went by favor. According to Pro Skeat, writing with all tbe austerity and scholarship of an ex pert, a "kiss is "a gust, a taste, a something choice." Bowena, the beautiful, daughter of Saxon Hengist, is credited with having introduced kissing into these fortunate is lands; but it seems as if that, had the natives been so utterly unenlightened, .the .Banians could scarcelv have failed to anticipate her. The Romans had really a delightful word for a kfts osculum, which came from os, the mouth, and meant a little mouth, a sweet mouth. "Give me a sweet little mouth" would be the phrase used when a good little Roman boy asked his mother for a kiss. Our English wjjrd occurs pretty nearly ia its present form in Anglo-Saxon, Dutch, Icelandic, Danish, Swedish and German. And this is worthy of note, because natural as kissing may seem to be, it is a practice unknown to the Australians, to the Maoris of New Zealand. 4he Papuans: of New Guinea, the people of Tabbati, be neroes st Central and Southern Alrica, the Boto cudos of Brazil, the saTages of Terra del Fuego, Laplanders and the Eskimo. Most of these benighted mortals have got be yond the low stage of rubbing noses to gether. Kissing points to an ancient discredited belief in veritable union of spirits a be lief common to all the Arvan people; that the breath of a man was his soul, his spirit. "Spirit" is breath," and "ghost" is a "gust" which possibly accounts for tbe cold air that is taid to accompany appari tions. X The "Walls of Baalhec's Temple. It is certain that "earth has never wit nessed any human creation more wonderful in its way than the walls of the Phoenician Temple of Baalbcc Certainly nothing in the iNile Valley can compare with that wonder ful stone left in the quarry, having the di mensions of a two-story house often rooms, each 11 feet square an'd SO leet high. In the wall itself, 35 feet above the soil, arc three stones, 11 ieet in breadth and thickness aud 61 leet. C3 feet and 63 feet long respectively. There are 13 other stones ot tbe same girth, and 30 feet long, so accurately adjusted that the blade of a penknife cannot be inserted between them. Cotton Mills in Japan. According to the report of the Japanese Cotton-Spinning Mill Association 31 spin ning mills, representing 324,000 , spindles, were-at work during the first six months of the present year. During that period the quantity of vurn pun by these mills .mnnntwTlAll 13S 701 TinnnA nlM .m- J S5j3il iCSSaKHl raJSSL - ' fcftfSalsSasaK JSfiBftag 99 -?t jJW'-I i f -Btgt. JSBUtPGI Duke of Cumberland. plo - ment. jp p-,120 men and 16,1 W Ttnw. Jespaci'Xi.tneeTUtfitiipws 4wtnwtlvHi it A NEW BLOCK -SMiL Devised, Which Is to Be Operated by - Means: of Klectricityl THE- MANUFACTURE OF OZONE. Experiments to the- Pnysloiozical Ac tion of Magnets. IHPBOTISw TUB STORAGE BTTERI rWRTTTSir FOB TUB SISFATCnl Past attempts to devise a practical sys tem of electric block signaling hare been, at tended by many difficulties, and have re sulted in not a few failures. These failures have been traced to defective designs or, in struments, failure through jnatteqtlon Ho the batteries and other causes, to provide against which greater care is now taken, and & system has now been evolved which bids fair to 'meet the requirements of electric block signaling. Tile, blocks are riot less than three-quarters of a mile apart. Thehome signal is operated by a lever, the operation of the other signals being de pendent on electricity and gravity or air pressure. These signals fire placed 1,000 to 1,800 feet apart throughout the block, the circuit connecting them beine also con nected with the lever at the home station, so that in moving the lever to place the home signal at danger, tbo circuit will be opened, and the signals will fall to the dan ger sign by gravity. These signals will give ampte notice, of the position of the home signal and protect a train stopping just beyond a block station. Notice can also thus b given to the train should the block 'ahead clear after the train passes the distant signal, and schedule speed may be resumed before the train reaches the home station. To prevent the chance of au operator unlocking the lever while any part of the train is on tbe block, one line is specially connected and insu lated throughout' each block. The rail is free lrom contact with cinder ballast, and taps are run from its circuit tn one side ot the metallic line circuit which is used to unleek the lever at the office in the rear. The manner in which this system is oper ated is as follows: A train passing over tbe block will ground the side ot the circuit connected bv taps to rail and close the relay, and the local oi the relay will lock the lever which operates tbe ljotne signal At the same moment the circuit ot the bloek in the rear will be opened, and will remain so un til the last pair ot wheels connected by a metal axle passes out of the block. Twisting Strings for Musical Instruments. The new method of twisting strings by electricity for musical instruments is being utilized in producing strings for banjos, guitars, violins, harps, bass viols and many other musical instruments. Cfhe work is done by electric motors, one machine being used exclusively for making banjo fourth strings, which ore only .0023" thick when finished. It will make a string 40 inches long in 45 seconds, tbe wire used for winding the silk being .003" thick, This fine wire is 'carried and directed by hand and two wires can be worked at once. On such a string there are no lewer than 13,333 eoits along 40"-length. The motor used for this purpose runs at 2,100 revolutions per minute, driving the string maohine by means of fiber gearing at 18,000 revolu tions. Another small electric motor, which runs at 2,200 revolutions, actuates a machine making 6,600 revolutions, used for tbe mak ing of violin G stringe.covereJ with copper wire silver plated and only .006" thick. By this machine a man can make 103 strings an hour. Another machine, which ls.ruu by a larjrer motor, is so arranged that every kind ot string can be made on it from. 15" to 8-" in length, xne wire used lor the various kinds of strings runs from. 003" tD.0017" in thickness. Electrical Mannfacture of Ozone. The virtue of ozone in therapeutics is now widely recognized, but its general use has beep hitherto impracticable in conse quence of tbe trouble and expense of its production. A machine is now- made for employment in hospitals and private sick rooms, or for the disinfection of large public halls or buildings, which renders the production of ozone a simple and compara tively inexpensive operation. The ozon izing'Of atmospheric air by this machine is accomplished by employing a small motor, driving a blower, which forces the air through the apparatus, the current for operating the motor being taken from any available electric plant The air is first passed through a drying tube to eliminate any possible moisture, and is then conveyed to the cluster of tubes forming the ozone generator. Each tube consists ot tso con centric thin glass tubes, the inner one being nearly filled with water, into whioh one electrode dins. A silent discharge of electricity, derived from the current driving the motor, and passed through a specially wound transformer, takes place through the space intervening between tho thin walls of the glass tubes, and ozonizes the air flowing through to the outlet of the apparatus, where it is distributed or stored as required. , A Bicyclist Lamp Trimmer. The bicycle is beginning to be an im portant element in the saving of time aud trouble Jn many industries. A marked in stance of this has been afforded by the adoption of the speedy cycle in facilitating the work of the electric light trimmer. An electrical journal has recently given an il lustration ot a bjcyclist lamp trimmer stand ing beside his bicycle all ready to begin work. The pioture is taken in the town ot Concord, where there are in all about 65 lamps to be trimmed on two circuits covering 16 miles, the two lamps furthest lrom each other beiug about two miles and a half apart. In good weather it takes about eieht hours to trim the lamps, and after the lamps are started the trimmer goes over the circuit once more to make sure that they are all burning properly. Tbe last opera tion, which had formerly to be done to a large extent on foot, is said to be now ac complished in about 1 hours. Improving the Storage Battery. The adoption of the storage battery for traction purposes on the Second avenue surface lihe in New York serves to call at tention to the general activity which is declaring itself in tbe storage battery field. Thus far the storage, battery has not proved successful from an economical stand point in this country, but actual improve ments not only ia construction but in prin ciple ore now being made which will materi ally increase the probability of the eventual designing ot a thoroughly practical accumu lator for .traction purposes. The great draw hack, to progress in this field lies so far in the excessive weight of, the cells. These have gradually been lightened, but even the moit improved form ot cells still leavesmuch to be desired in this Tespect. WJta few ex ceptions types of accumulators up to the present have been constructed on the prin ciple of a number of plates. The reason for -the preference of this mode of construction is obvious, as large surface must be pro vided in order to store up the clectricll energy ia a given space, and, on the other hand, itis necessary to produce an accumu lator with tbe lowest possible internal re sistance. But it has been proved by long experience that when such ac cumuIaUrs are put tb work, al though.the introduction of a large number of platM ttoures a means for large storage- at tha.same tira,a introduced in the soma proDortlon; for-, instance, 'it- Is absolutely necessary, lor tbA equal .eUctrical distribu tion in a cell thai1, the distances between the prates should be 1 dike all' through the entire' constrnction. and' this Mas been found an utter impossibility in spite of the best forms of separators used, in the building up of the accumulators The trouble has always been, in "buckling;" the plates or part which come into close proc(imity do greater work than those farther apart, and the enrrent while undeV cha rge disintegrates those i parts more rapioiy. -J.ua same- evil it re i peated while the (1 Wharge is going os, and l.U .U. .UVU-t.V t" W.1..VM B.- .......- tion goes on rapidly day bv day. To cope with such a difficnltr annears nerfectlr hopeless in spite of ihebest supervision. It is nice an internal csfioer, wjicn,wnea ouc the malady has decl wed itself, eon only be treated by a surgical operation, and the sooner the better. The-e seems, in fact, no means of escaping 'tbje conviction that plate accumulators from their birth carry with them tbe geni's of self-destruction. A new accumulator has been 'designed by C. P. Elieson, whichvseeais to completely obviate tbe difficulty. Tjiis cell is entirely on the well-known Plan te principle, and although it has only two '.electrodes, it pro vides a large amount of surface for the storage ot electrical energy. The immense saving in the matter of -weight whioh' the special construction of the cell renders pos sible is a point of radical advantage. The weight of the two electrodes is 12K lbs. or 1 23 lbs including the containing box and tbe electrolyte It ir-? claimed that sucb an ac cumulator requii-ej very little attention, and that the positive electrode need not necessarily be removed after 13 months' 'hard" work. The formation process is car ried out in the usual way, partly chemically and partly electricallv. The storage capac ity ot the cell is about 100 ampere hours, but the formation can be stopped at 60 or 80 ampere hours, as the capacity ot the cell increases with additional work, up to a cer tain point The Physiological Action of Magnets. Those who are wont to receive with a certain amount of faith the stories that are circulated from time to time of cures by so- called me ileal magnetism may with ad vantage p ruse tbe accounts recently pub lished, of the result of a series of tests made in this country by Kennelly and others. A set of field magnets converging' into a cylin der two feet in diameter and seven inches deep were employed. In this cylinder a dog was placed for five hours, at the end of which time it exhibited not the slightest Bign of being affected. The brain of the animal was noxt experimented upon. The armature was removed from a powerful dynamo, and in the space between the pole pieces the herd ot the dog was placed. A switch w;ts arranged to open and close the excitine circuit. Snhygmographic trac ings, taken continuously, showed no change in regularity. The respirations were not in the least degree altered, aud there were no pnenomeua that could be attributed to magnetic influence. The conclusion arrived at by tbe experts who carried out these tests is that the human organism is un affected by the powerful magnsts known to modern science; that neither direct nor re versed magnetism exerts anr perceptible influence on the iron in the blood, upon the circulation, upon ciliary or protoplasmic movement, upon sensory or motor ncr?es,or upon the brain. THE I0TALIST AEISTOCH&CY. The Survival of the Old British Social Code Is Parts of Nova Scot! a. "The exclusive social life ot Salem and Portsmouth long had its counterpart in that of these old Nova Scotia towjs," writes Arthur Wentworth Eaton in the New Eng land Magazine. "There was not one of them, which did not have its little aristocracy of country squires 'and land-owners aud lawyers and judges, about whom as a brilliant center the social life of the township or the county revolved. The influx or iory blood arid culture 'into the society of the provinoe be tween 1776 and 1783 is in great part account able for the strongly British and intensely aristocratic feeling which always in old times prevailed, but no one cu know the conditions of life in Nova Scartia without feeling that even Puritanism, under mon archical institutions and not, as in New England, separate from the influence of the mother country, is in some 'ways very different from Puritanism under a Bepublio anu democratic environments, .remaps the most important of these Nova Scotia towns was "Windsor, the seat of King's College, the oldest Colonial college of the British Empire. Its early.population was a mixture of New England people, Scotch, Irish, and retired English officers, and it vras com monly conceded, at least in Windsor itself, that nowhere out of London could such good society ba foundi" BUSIAL OF TEE DEAD. Peculiar Traditions That Are Followed: Out Even Up to This Say. Pearson's Weekly. The Mohammedans always, whether in their own country or one of adoption, bury without coffin or casket of any kind During the time of the old Soman Empire the dead bodies' of all except suicides were buried. The Greeks sometimes (buried their dead in tbe ground, but more gener ally cremated them, in Imitation of tht Bomans. In India, up till the last few years, the wife, either according to her wishes or otherwise, was cremated on the same funeral pyre that converted her dead nusoand s remains into asnes. virnen a child dies in Greenland the natives bury a live dog with it, the dog to be used by the child as a guide to the other world. When questioned in regard to this peculiar super, stitition, tbey will only answer:' "A dog can find his way anywhere." The natives ot Australia tie the hands ot their dead together, and pull out tbeir nails; this is for fear that the corpse may scratch its way out oi the grave and beoome a vam pire. The primitive Bussiaus place a cer tificate of character in the dead person's hands which is to be given to St. Peter at tbe gates ot heaven. PLATIHUM MINES 07 EUS3IA. The Only Place Where the Metal Is Found In Grains, Some Containing Gold. Constantinople Journal. The platinum bedvof the Ural Mountains are the only ones.in the world in which this metal is found in grains. Platinum is found in Brazil and in the Cordilleras in the hard serpentine rocks, but never in the form of grains. The platinum beds of ths Ural Mountains are found in various dis tricts, in the north at Besierski, in the Government of Peru, in the District of Khoutourski, and in the state properties of ot Goroblagojlatski, where 66 mining conces sions have been granted. All he beds ot the northern region are situated in the basin of the Biver Touri, in that of the tributary stream of Taghil. and in other tributaries higher up. On. the western declivity of the Ural Mountains there is another platinum bed near the Elver Outka, a'tributary of theTchoussova, aud the basins of tha higher tributaries of the Outka, near the Ural river. Tbe plat! num found ia these places is in the form of grains, in sand frequently containing gold. Thj weight of these grains is irom"17 to 20 grams to every 1,010 kilograms of sand. Boilroad Bobbers In Mexico. When the railroad made its first advent into Mexico, it at once attracted the atten tion oi the bandits of that fair land, and train robberies becanw very fashionable among them. At last tbe line from Vera Cruz to Mexico "was forced to employ an armed escort from 10 to 25 sharp shooters, Tbe first encounter- oi the" ban dits with a guarded teals had tha efiietj of aukisg-taitt robbing Twy sa-pofular. PLAKS FOR PRESENTS Which Do Away With the Necessity for a liig Bank Account. SCHEMES COSTLY IN INGENUITY Fat Requiring1 Little or no Outlay la the tJwp of Cold Cash. IDEAS ADTASCED BT CA-BEIE CAEELE8S rvntxrrair o tbs nnu?ATCH.J Girls, I am a financial disaster. The only institutions in this great country which can straighten me out, pecuniarily speaking, aw either the New York Clearing House or a millionaire Wisband with incipient idiocy. I need something, you see, that won't ask. incriminating questions about ac counts, but I'm afraid I won't 'discover it bsforo Xroas, Now, I know I've walked straight into your confidence with this damaging ad mission. You know what it means to be wrecked in a desert isle in the midst of a huge town Just before Xmas your self, and you're wondering how I'm Mt Nevtr Sea Mm Nov. goin to get off it Well, J'll swim. Just put on a bold face (anyone who went into the surf this summer can't help knowing.ho w to do it) and make for land, too. This is how I intend to do it But first, dears, a few words of warning. If you are going to give Xmas presents without spend ing any money yon must act on the princi ple of the Stock Hxchange men baqt on thin air chiefly. You must be as feminine as Mother Eve herself; yon must be utterly, openly, sweetly ingenuous all for a pur pose naturally. "We never are ingenuous without a purpose, are we? Now, having assumed this attitude, if you will follow me, who know the ways of men, I will promise you a merrier Xmas than you've passed for years. To Become an Ideal. What is your first best boy's ideal? your second best boy's? and so on down the line as far as you would care to go with Xmas presents if your pursa were bursting with wealth? He has told yon SO times; if he hasn't ask him. Esoh and every one will say she is a do mestic angel, who looketh well to the wajs of her household, and is wise. Press him a lfitla further, and voa'll find he entertains a vague notion ofiher as a dainty creature, I stitching away lor dear me-, or a nowery goddess, reigning in a kitchen: or, if he is a bit literary, he will tell you she can read Latin; or, if she can't, her mind will be re ceptive tor his teaching. Then materialize his "ideal" lor Christ mas and you will be the most popular girl in town. This is the way I did it last week. My dear old boy sent a note saying be would "drop in" during the afternoon. Lately, do you know, Not So Tlcasant as It Might Eavt Seen. I've suspected that the poor innocent eon. templates proposing: he is trying to find out whether I really and truly do know anything, or whether I am only an interest ing dunce, and that's proof conclusive. I determined to show him, and was sitting in the kitchen stirring a fearful mixture when the dear man was announced. Down stairs he marched according to pro gramme. "How dOjCharlie. Sit right here.aud don't Carri Careless Cioks for, Charlie, talk until I break these eggs, I'm learning to cook. It's high time I knew something, as you say" . Biddy and the Padding-. Emphatic denials of the Impeachment from Charlie, which I graciously waive. "Ab, what do von want for Xmas, to go with this small 'tribdte?" ask I, basely. "Not one thing," warmlv. "Make me a good old Xmas pudding" goes on the would-be suicide, "and I will value your remembrance more than any thing yon could buy me. It will show me what a sweet, thoughtful heart you have, Carrifi" "And what a villainous cook I am, too," is my inmost conviction. "All right, you shall have it," I promise cheerfully, and Charles thinks no one ever was so charming as Carrie Careless. Wei), I dare say Biddy will make the pudding forme. Now, girls, I'm net downright wicked, though I cams awfully near it vvhen I made my Christmas gift to the swell Harvard tutor. Ee thinks girls ought to know dead la. It i ir MR fly jg&f jS guages, to I rnromagtil among Toaj's books ,and found Ovid with tbs pony ajoiysslde. The .tutor's night fourTd m frasslailaf . with the pony as all the fellows do. Old Ovfd was a 'hooking man, I think. I had almost determined not to translate any more of Tht Prqfewr't Chrittmai OifU him, and ras reading along a bit in the pony to" ste if I ought to go on with tha text when in came my tutor. Such r. quetr look as he glaneed at the title, but he was aw full v fluttered anvhav, and X put hica down on my list "paid." I'm gsttipjc on beautifully.' and my Xmas will be a tre mendous coup for me. But I advise all my friends art you still among them, after this long chatter? to become as hardened a little sinner as I am, else they will be dis covered la this fraudulent enterprise. My friend Kit, poor girl, won't have s jolly day giving Jack a present this year, I'm afraid. Such a ridiculous row tbey indulged in the other night, that I. can scarcely keep my judicial cast of countenance when they tell me about it twice a day. For the time being they were engaged, so Kit stayed at horns one evening to receive Jack, whittf the rest of the family went to the horse show. Tell Kit the horse show is responsible for the quarrel, and that puts her right in style, because a little bout over the favorites (among tha horses), or some thing else equally sensible, was very correct in New York among the horse show swells. But Kit will not be comforted. Jack went straight to the library and found his small fiancee awaiting him. By and by Kit whispered: "Jack, oh, Jack, I hear some one coming." "Impossible, m'dear. I'll take the risk any how. Kit, don't be boisterous." "Unhand me villain," says Kit, springing to her feet "This is vile duress." "You mountain of deceit," responds the wretch, in loudly cheerful tones, holding Kit's hands and drawing her well toward him, "you like this. Don't deny you prefer it to any other pleasure in life" Colder Than Peary's Expedition. "Except greeting Prof" 'Bemheimer," finishes Kit very sweetly, as she wrenches herself loose aud turns to that estimable person, who'stands behind tbe maid in tha door like a graven image. Jack glared at him like Marius amid tht rnins of Carthage, bat Kit was simply an gelic toward the professor and colder than Lieutenant Peary s expedition toward Jack. Kit tells me Jack knew the professor was in the doorway, and that he was brutally trying to display his power. Jack vows be never saw the old idiot at all, and that he thought that Kit was merely making it pleasant for him in her usual fashion of fibbing. Kit answers through me that Jack is trying to crawl out of it as he realizes the, horribly embar rassing position he has put her in. And Jack looks so shamefaced when he hears this, that I myself believe him the guilty one. I suppose they're still en. gaged; because they are both too furious to break it Kit never sees Jock now on tha street, and he is thoroughly abominable. Still I wish somebody would tell me how to make it up between them. Cassis Cap.ei.e3s. . . BATHING 15 C2HTEAL AFBICA, . ' "" . Tbe Excellent Health of tha People Dae to .liberal Use of Water. 'The Africans are a very hardy race, and I think it lino doflbt owing, to a very great extent, to the introduction they .receive at a very early age to the strengthening effect of cold water bathing," says a writer in Sarper'i Young Ptopls. Every morning, as soon as tbsy leave their huts, the women file down to the river's edge to give their babies a bath. The mother walks knee-deep into tha stream; then catching the half awakened infant by the wrist, she dips him into the chilly water, aud holds him firmly as he wriggles beneath the surface. It always happens that several women are so occunied at the same time, aud they naturally engage in conversation, when the. discussion is often of so interesting a character that tbe infant in the water is often forgotten, till bis fran tic struggles and tugging warn the dusky parent that he is not amphibious," "The child is then hauled out, but before he has time to recover, his violent choking and sputtering are again lost in the depths of the muddy stream. After repeating this operation four or five times, the mother carries the bewildered little, piece of ebon ized humanity back to the villase, and spreads him out on a mat in tbe sun to gradually recover from tbe shock. This seems to me to be rather a rough and un comfortable means of providing for tbo sur vival of tbs fittest" TEE THBEE-T0ED TAPIRS. In Spite of Their Apparent Clumsiness They Are Very Hard to Sunt. 8t- Btenolas.j In the wilder parts of South America yon can bag a deer or wild hog almost any day, if you sat. wisely about it; but months may pass without even the sight of a tapir, ttfough you may be ia their haunts coo stantly. You sse plenty of unmistakable three-toed .tracks, and now and again you may hear tapirs moving in tbe forest not leaping through openings between tha vines aud branches as a deer does, nor pushing the brush aside like a jaguar, but crushing tbeir way by sheer strength, with a great crack ling ot twigs. It is almost useless to follow tracks or sound; clumsy as the animals appear, they can race througb the underbrush aster than a dog can follow; and they are so keen of sight and scent, aud so prone to conceal ment, that even tbe most experienced hun ter rarely catches sight of one in tha day time, unless by accident. The best plan, is to lie in wait for them, as the lithe and crafty Jaguar does, by their drinking and wallowing places, and this must be doue at night. To Change Canaries' Color. Canaries; when ff yith Cayenne popper, gradually change their color, passing from yellow to red. Cayenne pepper contains a tinctorial substance, an irritative principle, and an oiL When the last two siib'tancss are extracted by steeping in alcohol, pep per loss its coloring properties, but an additinu of oil olive restores them. From, this fact the conclusion is drawn that the oily principle of pepper is the necessary vehicle ol eolor. Petroleum Is Inexhaustible. In view of the oft-threatened exhaustion of coal deposits, tho opinion of Dr. Men. deleieff, tbe Russian chemist, that petrol eum is probably inexhaustible, is somewhat reassuring. He attributes tbe formation ot petroleum to the constantly renewed aetioa of water on the me(tall!e deposits of the hot central portion of the eartb. end believes that the rapidity; of its formation keeps pace with the extraction. New Use for Aluminum. A new use for aluminum is mentioned by the. Journal de Iwantmrt, which consists in intercalating a very thin plate of thja metal between the two soles of a boot, with tbe obiect of preventing ths nenetratloa of damp while retaining ths warmth of the foot '' "C A RACE OF GIANTS JWho Wrote Their History In Piles of Earth Instead of Bool's. WHO WEEE THE H0DNDBDILDEE5? Tk Facts Gleaned br?ome Explorations In TVest Yireinia. B0JIE SPOTS STILL TO BE 1I1HINED roofB-rsroHnnrci or th nwriTcn.i 'JflitO-tTOOD, W. Va., Dec a Were tht mound builders of America- differently con structed from men of to-day?' Were there more, giants among them than there are bow among the white race? Or were they a fading race of giants leaving their foot-' prints behind that otnsr races might know they etfsted? Their history was not writ ten in books, but buildtd in their mounds, which held their works of art, implements of war and working utensils. Tho forearm and the shln'bone of ths negro are longer than that of the white race, and.it is said be cannot jump as far as his whiter brother, other things being equal, btcatua his heels leave tbe imprint further hack than tbe white man's. These things wa know are distinctive of the African race. Had the mound builder as defined an anatomical distinction? Were their skulls, as a rule, formed differently from ours? These questions forced themselves unoa my raiod when I examined a skull found in the Castle mound, which contained five Wormian bones, and heard tbe history con nected with the mound. This mound is on what is known as tbe Castle form, about five miles south of here, -and was first opened in 1831 by Hon. James C McGrew and others. They found a peculiar shaped stone pipe, a stone relio in the shape of an hour glass, which was neatly aud mechan ically made and no doubt bad been used for the purpose of recording time. Theory of a Historian. t Historian Wiley says of this hour glass: "It might have been captured and placed in the mound for safo keeping by an Indian, as tbe mound builders are supposed to have left Egypt when the sun dial was used and be fore the invention and introduction of the hour glass." In 1831 an exploration of this mound was made, and in the bottom was a layer oi bones, men, women, and children having baen burled, in a sitting posture, in a cir cle, with their feet out. Bits of obarcoa scattered through ashes, also the bone's showing to a greater or less extent the ef fects of fire, tell plainly tbe story thatbey bnrned tbeir dead were cremationists. Above this layer a couple of feet is a second lyer, buried in the same manner as ths first aud directly above it, in the top, are found other remains. , Every skull found in this mound con tained Wormian bones, i. e., extra bones found in tbe sutures of the bones of ths cranium, and named from Olaus Wormins, who is said to have first discovered them. Although they ars generally found on top of the skull, they are quits rare. Occasion ally a skull is found containing one or two, but one of these skulls had five or tb.ua extra bones on tbe top sutures ot tha skull. A great many skulls were found in this mound, but they were so brittle, from tho effects of fire, no doubt, that they could not be taken out without crumbling to pieces. Tha top of every skull showed tha Wormian a. Tbs. skulls were long and narrow, with low foreheads and long, narrow faces. Tha wonderfully large bones found interspersed through the bottom layer show that thera wire giants among tfiem at least Tleec nigh, -while the-majority- would indicate heights- -of $ feet a inches to 6 test. A Fading Baoe of Giants. If it is speculation then to say that they were a fading race of giants with these data, what ot the scientific men who con struct whole skeletons, even giving us ths contour in outline of prehistoric animals when thsy have bat one or two bones to start from? The mound builders sought a warmer clime in the snnny Sonth, likely forced to do so by tbe on-coming Indian. A err pieces of incinerated bones, some arrow heads, Indian hatchets, eta, were found on the farm oi Isaac Elliott, two miles from here. ' The late Dr. Trippett had a very fins specimen of the Indian hatchet It was made of the- very hardest eranite. beauti fully bespecked and very smooth. He had, also, an arrow head ot white flint, almost perfect in form. The,doctor also owned a very small arrow head about the siza of a man's thumb naiL It is exceedingly sharp and tha most perfect ever seen in this country. When found it had a film of something on it and was bitter and pucker ing to the taste. It required an acid solu tion to VemoTe and was thought to ba a poisoned arrow. Tbe smallest specimen ot an Indian hatchet found here was made of granite and was about two inches by one. Many years azo there were three monads on the Andrew Goff farm in this county. Two of them have been torn down and but one remains. There is another en the old McGill farm and one near here which await the explorer. . AX TBE B0II0X OS THS SUA. A Courageous Diver- Ingenious Way of Evading a Shark's Attack. EesUVs Kaxxln A successful diver must possess great courage and nerves ot steel Sueh a man, oonneeted with a large wrecking company, was visiting tho pearl fisheries in the Gulf of California. On one of his trips in quest of the pearl oyster ha had a narrow escape from a fearful death-. 'He had been Instructed never to stir from the bottom until he had looked up and around. Fortunately he heeded the advice. Having filled his bap, he glanced quickly about and caught sight of a huge shovel nosed shark watching him. In an emer gency men think fast Near the diver was large rock; He moved quickly to the other side of it, hoping to do lire the fero cious monster. But tbe maneuver did not work; the shark watched every movement, changing his position by a slight motion of his powerful tail. Time wss prrelour. and the diver con ceived the idea of blinding the shark by stirring the mud- Under cover of that he might escane. He worked for dear life, and had the water thiek with mud in less than half a minute. Slipping aronnd the rock again, he rose to the surface, having barely strength' enough to reach the side of ths boat, and was hauled on board just as the voraeious man-eater made a rush for him. The Speed of Electricity. The spstd of eleetrieltyis so great that Ua passage from point to point along a conduct leg wlro may be regarded as practically in slantaaeoas. Various attempts have been made to measure the rate at which it trav els, and observers, with delicate instru ments, have afilrmeq that it was not less than 111,000 miles per second, and at one or two places its speed was as high as210,000 miles. Electricity la Hot-Houses. Electricity heaters are found to be excel lent for tise in conservatories on account of tha absea'eo of all nnwbolesome gates or va- fiors which might injure tbe plants, slmnllo ty of construction fa the parts einvaying energy, perfect safety as resrardi heat. which ca bo regulated at will, cleanliness Land convenience, and rapidity. In starting aad . extlaa'lM. i ..maiiji Jam
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers