KklSfJtfiTKin W TW 18 OiJFi NAVAL HEROES In Postprandial Hnmor They light Their Old Bat ties Over Again. SIGHS FOE THE OLD DATS TYhen They Were Lively Middies and Bossed the Powder-Monkey. THE KEW X AVr BEING WATCHED. Etorics of Hen Whose Names Were Once on Lverjbodj's lips. THE CLUB WHERE THEr BENDEZTOUS rcoEBEsrosiEci: or THE dispatch. Washington, Nov. 17. AJmost any afternoon a visitor dropping in at the Metropolitan Club would be very apt to encounter several fine looking, elderly gen tlemen who, from their florid and we her beaten laces, no less than from their pro nounced style of locomotion, he would have little difficulty in setting down as having (pent a considerable part of their lives cfloat Should he happen to linger within earshot he would pretty soon be con vinced that he lighted upon a sort of G7 Admiral A. A". Hughes. Neptune's Tavern, for the conversation, no matter how becun, would inevitably "tack to the wind'ard," and stay there. An in troduction would confirm his agreeable im pression, and he would be quite likely to hear, in the course of an hour or two's talk, tonic tales of the sea that might well excite the wonder and incredulity of a landsman, were it not that the narrators are men whose reputation and experience are sufficient Touchers for their veracity. 11 ery Ono of Tlicxn Heroes. For the coterie of old tars that meets al most daily at the Metropolitan is composed of the stuffof which heroes are made; in deed, heroes thev are every one of them. The better part of their lives has been de voted to maintaining the honor of the Stars and Stripes in home and foreign waters, and in their time they have made history. Once their names were on everybody's lips, and the gallant deeds they performed were rewarded with the honors TJncle Sam loves toieap upon his bravest sons. Now, out worn ith the toils and exposures of a life- time of service, they rest on their laurels at home, having stepped cside that younger men may go forward and bear a share of tbe burden, as well as reap part of the glory that falls to tbe defenders of the old flag. As trie hour for dining approaches at the Metropolitan (for the nautical croup always makes it a point to ii:es together), the chat becomes, if anvthing, more animated. It is not an uncommon sight to witness a round dozen of these grizzled heroes sit down at table together. In tho quiet snuggery of tlieir pmatc dining room they can discuss maritime and naval affairs to their hearts' content, and as the dinner progresses and each veteran begins to feel the genial in fluence that conies from sood wine, good company and an excellent cuisine, many stories of personal experiences that neve'r found their way into print are exchanged. Ofc- Admiral Fierce Crosby. An Entertaining Company. Almost all without exception are enter taining raconteurs, and whether the inci dent under discussion be of matters that have happened at home or abroad, in time of war or peace it never fails to find a re sponsive audience. Bear Admiral Worden, who, alter 21 years of active service afloat, and as many years on shore duty, was re-' tired with brilliant honors and the highest pay of his grade, has told many a stirring chapter ot his life across the table to such listeners as Bear Admiral Harry Walke, whose stretch of IS years' active service and 31 ashore, places him also very high on the retired list, and who frequently comes from his home in Brooklyn to join the reunions. Another Bear Admiral, Aaron Id Hughes, -who, like "Worden, lives m Washington, and who can point to 19 years spent on ship's deck, is seldom ab sent from these gatherings. Still another, KVW P Q ) If V " 1 w v 'm Admiral -' '- the pallaut Jo' b. a senior, hav" ;'" ' ice fullv -ks I JohnC'F J-i outrankjt each bavin & J Stevens. si- r, who ranks as st active sefTT t e !. tr Admirals 1 Franklin t ac re service, I o I 'i .. m c uii fighting under the flag. They in turn are closely pressed by Francis A. Boe, with 24 years ot active service. Not far behind these gay old sea dogs comes bronze-faced Bear Admiral Thomas H. Stevens, with 18 years: Bear Admiral Thornton A. Jenkins, with 17 years, and Samuel Phillips Lee, with 19 years to their credit. A fine bunch of records, truly, and one of which the nation is not forgetful. Varied Sendee of the Group. Frobibly no navy in the world, other than our owe, has ever produced a group of men who have seen more varied service in their time. Almost all hare mounted from the very lowest round of tbe ladder to the highest. Hughes was appointed from New York as a "middy" away back in 1838; was made a Master in 1852, a Lieutenant in 1853, and won his decoration as Commander during the trying days of November, 1862. In 1869 he was gazetted a Captain, a Com modore in 1875, and was raised to the rank of Bear Admiral ten years ago. Walke was an Ohio boy, and, like other Bnckeve I lads, proved to be made of the right ma terial. He, too, entered the service as a "middy" in 18.27, and rose througn the successive grades, reaching the post of Bear lDMlRa.l.:2?4NKUtf, Admiral 22 years ago. TJpshur also began his career in the same humble fashion in 1841, and only retired, in 1S83. Febiger (another Buckeye) took all the honors of naval position from "middy" to Bear Admiral between his start in 1838 and his retirement ten years since. Jenkins began in the same" humble capacity four years earlier than Febiger, and rested upon his. well won honors in 1873. Franklin entered in 1841. and retired five years aeo with similar honors. The careers ol Stevens, who entered in (1842-18Sl),Boe (1841-1885), Lee (1825-1870), and Worden (1829-188G), are, to a very great extent, similar to those already outlined, each having worked his way up to the top through years of faithful dutv, amid the smoke of battle and the stress of storm. The record of th'eirlives demonstrates at every step the grit ot American manhood, from youth tojold age. Yet, although' no longer able to pace the quarter-deck with the firm tread of old, these bale sea-dogs would, at the first note of danger, be quick to respond to the call of duty, should it ever again become neces sary lor them to risk their lives for their beloved country. The recline at the Club. But however stern he may be as a disci plinarian afloat, when he is asliore the sailor has the feeling that life is lor the time be ing a sort of holiday. And no matter how long his stay off duty may be, this idea never leaves him. Such is the feeling, to some extent at least, that pervades the gatherings at the Metropolitan Club, and with each recurring dinner and the story telling that lollows with the wine and the cigars, the retired heroes unbend, and as the cockles of their genial old.hearts warm to each other and to the topic of the mo ment, they grow more and more enthusias tic over their bygone experiences. The or? Admiral J. L. TForaVn. battles in our own and foreign waters are recalled, and their exploits amid shell and flood are fought over again, with a vigor and dash in tbe narration that would have made the fortune of Haroun-al-Baschid's story teller with this difference that their's are, not fiction but veritable history. How Farragut's fleet stormed the batteries along theMississippi, from New Orleans to Port Hudson; how the Albatross was fastened to the Hartford, the Genesee to the Richmond and the Kinco to (he Monongahcla, while the big side-wheeler Mississippi was too clumsy to be lashed; how Mobile Bav was lought; how naval warfare was turned upside down when the Monitor sent the Merrimac back from Hampton Boads to Norfolk, with water gushing through all her seams, these and many like reminiscences while awnv thft iftprnnnn. Thpvrprnll nlsn ine incident in the career of Worden, when, hs captain of the ironclad monitor Montauk, I m uuk iuc .uuuYmcj wmcu uuu carneu a i - y$m teQJxmzk svf&Si lw(f Jfif n. i inots 4 M, b THE cargo of arms from England to Wilmington for the Southern troops. She was loaded at the time with cotton, and carried several cannon, and was watching for a chance to slip past the fleet off Savannah, when she ran aground almost under the shelter of Fort McAllister. Captaid Worden, un heeding the shells ot the fort, sailed up with the Montauk, and after riddling the Nashviile, blew her up with an explosion that was heard for miles. Memories ot Sum ter, of the days ot the blockade, of Fort Wagner and 100 other, events, whose very names quicken the blood in 'sluggish veins, are each revived in turn. The triumphs of the old flas abroad too, are not forgotten, lor these gallant fellows have upheld it on many seas besides the coasts of the At lantic. Very Skeptical of Innovations. Old sailors, like old soldiers, are skep tical of innovations in their own profession. They were so when Ericsson demonstrated the superiorty of the monitor over the old- line warship. They are so now, to a cer tain extent, with respect to some of the im provements in our new navy. Their's were the dayB when sailors, like soldiers, had to 1 fight more in the open and at Shorter range, in clear view of the enemy. They not only knew of the danger in front, but they saw it and had to face it. Mingled with their admiration of the new navy with its lone range steel cuns between decks, with ma chinery as delicate as that of a watch; with its great ships of steel, its death-dealing turrets, its dynamite cruisers and new fangled torpedo boats there comes a sigh of regret for the old days when the close contact made the better battle, and when individual bravery counted for some- &'"' Admiral F. A. Roe. thing. But it ismerelv a sigh, nothing more, for our rear admirals are quick to per ceive the advantage the possession of a magnificent new navy gives us, and its su periority in many respects to that of other nations. They never tire ot telling each other of tbe newest and latest devices in marine gunnery, and in the many inven tions that have" crowded close upon each other's heels during the last decade, and which have combined to give our vessels a swiftness and adaptability for defense, such as those ot few powers possess. The old navy is gone, but 'its glories re main to us as a splendid heritage. Looking in upon the little brotherly band 'in their snuggery at Washington, and listening to their tales, we recognize in that gallant co terie the last of the race of national heroes that is passing away. The new era in naval warfare has come, and with it a new race of men for the emergencies of the future. Let us' cherish, then, the old seadogs while tbey are still with us, and when they, too, pass away, their memories will be enshrined in the heart of a loving and grateful nation, that forgets not those who have served it well and nobly in the days of its greatest peril, when hardy frames, strong, unswerv ing devotion to duty and personal yalor counted for much in the struggle. Eben Clayton. Electricity From 'a Windmill. Prof. James Blyth, of Glasgow, is still working at his new windmill for developing electricity. It is based on the principle of the anemometer or wind measure, familiar to many at the Greenwich and other obser vatories, and consists of a vertical axle, free to rotate, and carrying two cross-arms pro vided with open boxes in place of the ane mometer cups. These boxes catch the wind and cause the axle to revolve. This In turn drives the dynamo, and the curynt pro duced is stored in accumulators. Running Cars by Compressed Air. A tramway which has recently been es tablished at Berne is worked on the com pressed air svstem, 'owing to the "gradient, which extends throughout the line, being too stiff for horses to hnnl th ears. The mn are self-contained, and are on the Mekarski system, the compressed air being' contained on me cars in reservoirs. RttRitoiiRAl. ft.'VMLKiL I - . I fp?'f PITTSBURG DISPATCH. SGIENTIFIC SCHEMES That Aptly Illustrate the Progress Made in This Bapid Age. SAILORS' SIGHT TO BE TESTED Before They Can Be Qualified as Able Sea men or ifficers.. DELICATE MEASURING INSTRUMENTS rWHITTEM TOR THE DISPATCH.! Dr. T. H. BIckerton bas taken up the question in England of seeking to induce legislative work to test the sight of sailors before.they can be qualified as able seamen. Dr. Bickerton regards it as beyond ques tion that many shipping disasters have been caused from the absence of such restric tions as these, and he urges .all who inter est themselves in ths subject to abate none of their endeavors to promote agitation, although before any steps are likely to be taken by the authorities many more valua ble lives will probably be lost. He says there are none so difficult to convince as those who will not believe, and the men who have had the forming of the rules of the road at sea are the very men who hitherto have turned from all sug gestions on the eyesight question with con tempt. Meanwhile Dr. Bickerton presses on the attention of the public the following facts: That 4 per cent of the whole male population are color blind; tnst about 8 per cent more have marked impairment of sight lrom refraotive errors; that there is no suffi cient official test as to the eyesight of sail ors; that a man may be subject to any of the forms ot eye diseases, and may have any de gree of blindness, or may be so shortsighted as to be unable to see distinctly more than a few inches in iront of his nose, and yet be at perfect liberty to become a sailor. Al though there is a compulsory examination to be passed before a sailor can become an officer, it is in many cases a most inefficient one, and reform in "this direction is urgently needed. Fhyslqne of Different Classes. The question of the relative physique in different classes ot the community has lately come up tor discussion. Although it might appear that the class to which belong the pitmen of coal districts, and the sailors and fishermen of our sea borders, would be that boasting the highest physical aver age, statistics prove the reverse; for against the undoubtedly fine physique of the upper ranks of the industrial class has to be set an' enormous drawback furnished by the lower ranks, among whom are found the victims ot over-crowding, over-working and under-feeding. This discounts the strength furnished by what may be called the aris tootacv of labor. It has been proved that there is a definite relation between physical well-being and elbow-room, and the figures furnished by this relation are dead against the belief that a life of unbroken toil con tributes to the best physical development. A distinct improvement of physique has taken place among the well-to-do classes ot this country, especially among women, during the last few years, and this is undoubtedly owing to improved conditions of hygiene and exercise. One of tbe features of the English metropolis is the number of immensely tall women that are seen in the parks where thefeisure class most do congregate, and this increase in physical development is attributed to the athleticism that has markedly prevailed in the last few decades. In England, where the line between the leisure and the in dustrial class is more defined than in this country, the life expectation figures for the two classes confirm, this view. Eighteen per cent of tbe upper classes die before the fifth biitbday, while no less than 55 per cent of the industrial classes die before thev reach that age. In the case ot infants, 8 per cent of the upper class die during the first year, as against 30 per cent among the infants of the laboring class. Finally, army statistics prove that the class from which recruits are drawn is in physique far below the average of the young men of the upper ranks who present themselves for entrance to the military training colleges. The love of Languages. Some interesting statistics hive been com piled by a Frenchman respecting the differ ent languages spoken in various parts of tbe world. He states that the language in which Shakespeare and Milton wrote was then that of less than 6,000,000 human be ings. French was the mother tongue of at least 30,000,000 people at a time when En glish was spoken by less than 16,000,000, and 50,000,000 of French speaking people were living when the Bevolution broke out in 1789. Between 40 and 50 years the En glish language equaled the German in the number of those who spoke it, and now the latter is left far behind. German is now spoken by 10,000,000 persons in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, by 46,000,000 in the German Empire, by 40,000 in Belgium, and by about 2,000,000 in Switzerland. German is also spoken bv about 2,000.000 persons in the United States and Canada, giving a total of about 60,000,000 ho use the German lan guage. French is spoken by the 38,000,000 inhabitants of France, by 2,500,000 people in Belgium, by 200,000 in Alsace-Lorraine, by 600,000 in Switzerland, by 1,500,000 in the United States and Canada, by 600,000 in Haiti, and by 1,500,000 in Algiers, India, the West Indies and Africa; in all about 45,000,000. English is spoken by 37,000,000 persons in the British Isles, bv probably 57,000.000 of the 60,000,000 inhabitants of the United States, by 4,000,000 persons in Csnada, bv 3,000,000 in Australia, by'3,700, 000 West Indians, and by 1.000,000 in India and other British colonies, bringing the total of the English-speaking race" to over 100,000,000. Delicacy of Jleasarln; Instruments. The adjustment of measuring instruments has been brought to a point of such ac curacy as to give almost incredible results.' Scales are now made fhat will weigh the flame of a candle, or the smallest strand of hair plucked from tbe eyebrow. These scales are triumphs ot mechanism and are inclosed in glass cases, as the slightest breath of air would impair their records. The glass cases have a sliding door, and as soon as the weight is placed .in the balances the door slides down. The balances a're cleared again and made ready for further use by tbe pressing of a button,Nwhicn slightly raises the beams. Two pieces ot paper of equal weight can be placed in the scales. and an autograph written in pencil, on either piece will cause the other side to ateend, and the needle, which indicates the devisions of weight even lo the tenth millionth part of a pound and less, will move from its perpendicular. A signature containing nine letters has been welched and proved to be exactly two milligrammes, ' or tne uueen mousana uve nunareuln part of an ounce troy. Diet of Business Men. A food journal advises business men to diet tbepselves so as to be able to do the maximum of work between the lunch hour and evening, and not to work for a few minutes after eating. Such foods as plain soups, cold chicken, milk (drank slowly), cresses, lettuce, rice, rice pudding, sand wiches, beef or lamb, bread and butter will be amply nutritive and yet so readily as similated that brain work will not interfere with their digestion. Alcohol in anyform should not be taken by brain workers, and pastry and ice cream should be avoided. Fifteen minutes should be spent In light reading or conversation before severe men tal labor is begun. A light cigar imme diately after lunch aids digestion. It is In the evening,' when the work of the day la SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 20. done, that taken. a substantial meal should be Tr jln-f to Capture the Tides. -Among tbe utilizations of natural forces, the idea of turning to account the power of the tides has always had a certain fasci nation for many inventors. One of the latest devices embodying this idea is a motor constructed for operating the water supply of a property on the shore of St. Lawrence, N. Y. The water was raised through a pipe of 11 inches diameter, and of 200 feet length, to a height of 40 feet. The apparatus consisted simply of a trough of the shape of a very open V, and of 6 feet length and 6 inches height. This trough is suspended by three arms of 35 inches length to a horizontal shaft pivoted at its two extremities on two supports fixed at the bottom of the sea. A horizontal arm articulated on the middle arm operates the pump. The smallest waves are sufficient to actuate the apparatus with a surprising force. The motor thus simply constructed cost at the outside not more than one fourth what a windmill would have cpst, and does superior and certainly more regu lar work. To obtain more power it is desir able to enlarge the size of the panel rather than'increase the height of the immersed part; this has led to the employment of several independent panels, so that the waves of contrary direction may not strike the Danel at the same moment, and thus diminish the efficiency ot the apparatus. To Breathe Through the Nose. It has long been known that if people would only keep their mouths shut and breathe through the nose, nature's respira tor, they would avoid a variety of serious ailments. Dr. F. A. A. Smith now insists that a large proportion of diseases of the throat are attributable to the neglect of this habit. He says that mothers should see to it that their little ones do not acquire the habit of mouth breatning, and-it they have acquired it, steps should immediately be taken to rid them of it. One of the sim plest ways in which Dr. Smith suggests that this can be done is the placing of a four-tail J bandage under the chin, causing tne mouta to be closed, both by day and night, tor several weeks. It must first, however, be ascertained whether there are any impedi ments in the nostrils, and if so these should be removed. New Uses for Aluminum. New uses are to be found for the adapta ble and ornamental aluminum. Not only is its recently made application to launches to be extended, but it is to contribnte to in creased comfort in traveling by entering in to the composition of tourists' trunks. In London very handsome boxes are being made of the metal. They are light and strong, but unfortunately their cost is in tbe inverse ratio of their weight The last use recorded for aluminum is for making shoes waterproof. For this purpose a thin plate of the metal is fastened between the two soles, and the penetration of damp is effect ually prevented. DUBING 8EVEEE STOBMS. Some Points of Danger Which Should Be Avoided Whenever Possible. Spare Moments.! . If out of doors, trees should be avoided, and if, from the rapidity with which tbe explosion follows the. flash, it should be evi dent that tbe electric clouds are near at hand, a recumbent posture on the ground is the most secure. It is seldom dangerous to take shelter under sheds, carts or low build ings, or under the arch of a bridge. The distance of 20 or 30 feet from tall trees or houses is rather an eligible situation; for, should a discharge take place, these ele vated bodies are likely to receive it, and less prominent bodies in the neighborhood are those likely to escape. It is right also to avoid water, for it is a good conductor, and the height of a human being near the stream is not unlikely to determine the direction of a discharge. Within doors we are tolerably safe in the middle of a carpeted room,or when stand ing on a double tearthrug." The chimney should be avoided, on account of the con ducting power of the carbon deposited in it; on the same principle gilt moldings, bell wires, etc., are in danger of being struck. In bed we are tolerably safe, blankets and feathers are bad conductors, and we are consequently, to a certain extent, insulated. It is injudicious to take refuge in a cellar, because the discharge is often from the earth to a cloud, and buildings frequently sustain the greatest injury in their base ment stones. APPEAEANCE3 ABB DECEPIIVS, The Stature of a Person Is No Indication of the Number of His Tears. Chicago Herald. Would You Like a Shave, Soniy? K& ifop- What's Ihat? THE LETTEE C YEAB. In All the Big Events of 1802 the C Is Ex ceedingly Predominant. Harper's Weeklr.3 Eighteen hundred and ninty-two the present year of grace is a notable one in many ways, and not the least inferesting and curious thing in connection with it' is the, predominance of the initial "C7 in the principal events of the year. According to the Boman fashion of num bering, this is the yearCCCC. of the discov ery of America, and Christopher Columbus is most prominent There have been many Columbian Celebrations, but the greatest at Chicago, where the World's Fair was formally opened on October 21st. In the political world, Mr Cleveland is a leading figure as the Democratic choice for Presi dent; and the great labor troubles of the year have occurred at the Caruecie mills. The long revolution in Venezuela has been put down and tbe victor is General Crespo; and last, but not least, the scourge that has terrified the world the cholera bas also borne the faithful initial This is a great yer for the letter 0. I)) WW J w r i (f.H)J -f7 IVVyAS x 1892. LANGUAGE OF HATS. How a Man's Character Can Be Judged by His Headgear. THAT TILT AKD ITS MEANING. Eome of the Wonderful Articles That Are Worn by Great Hen. RESTRAINING INFLUENCE OP A TILE rwnrrTEN ron the msrjiTcn.i The hat is the outcome of evolution and one of the principal harks of progress, en lightenment and civilization. When a duskv savage of the interior of Africa feels glim mering within his breast the elementary aspirations to civilized life, what is the first article of clothing he adopts to conceal his barbaric nudity? Is it a coat or waist coat or even a pair of trousers? No, it is a hat And if he can only procure for him self a hat, he is indifferent to the rest. In deed, the breeches constitute merely a sort of afterthought in his ideas on the subject of good . form. He realizes the fact which we all know so well, namely, that it is not so much manners as it is the hat which makes the man. There is far more character in a hat than in a pair of trousers. You can tell a man's social status, his nationality, his principles, and his profession from the style and shape of his hat and the manner in wWh if t. S THjAm to Be a Rake. worn. The tilt of the "tile" in one direct ion or the other conveys a whole world of meaning to the initiated. Thus, if the hat is worn at the back of the head it indicates that the owner is either permanently or temporarily in astate of insurrection against the exigencies add conventionalities of our social life. The Meanlnc of the Tilt. If it is worn tilted on the right side of the head it generally implies that the man is a rake and wishes to be considered as such; it worn in a tilt over the right eye that he isa sport; if a tilt over the nose that he wishes to be taken for an innocent fool, but it is very much the reverse. If the hat is worn with a tilt over the left side ot the head he may be taken for a man -who has seen military or naval service, while when the hat is worn in a tilt over the left eve he may be at once set down asafnnlwith depraved and unnatural tastes. There is nationality, too, as I mentioned above in tbe mane of a hat and in the man ner in which it is worn. There is some thins sui generis and unmistakable in the'' genuine Insfiman's "Golgotha," well nigh brimless and tapering resolutely toward the crown. The Scotchman has his "Glen garry," Germany her while-peaked cap, Turkey her fez, the Arab his turban, the Mexican his sombrero, the Chinaman th A DeviUMay-Care Fellow. inverted saucer which typifies his national herb. The Bussian, the'Snede, the Italian, the Spaniard, the Portuguese, the Austrian and the Hungarian likewise have each their own particular distinctive headgear. Then, too, the hat generally'denotes the profession of the wearer. Even from afar it is possible to recognize not only the call ing but likewise the rank and principles of a dignitary of the church. No mere cur ate, for instance, would ever dream of don ning the broad brimmed and tasseird high hat affected by some of our Episcopal bishops, and no one has ever beheld a pre late "tiled" with an ordinary derby or pot hat Indeed, every profession, even down to the baker, the cook and the mechanic, has its own . particular and easily distin guishable etiquette in headgear. A Custom Imported From England. Clerks in banks and in the offices of great financiers, brokers and merchants, may generally be recognized by the fact that their hats, although immaculate, are gen- The Professional Sport erallv several weeks behind the fashion. The town season for hats lasts about six months of the year, and during that time the style of hat, especially of the high silk hats, changes about four time. It is a cus tom which we have imported from England, whence most ot our fashions with resrard to masculine attire are derived. A London clubman usually requires half a dozeu high silk hats to get'throngh the season; and so docs his disciple in New York. The young clerks whom I have referred to do not ven ture to keep altogether abreast of fashion in this respect. They fear that it might have the effect of. creating in the minds of their principals the idea that they were un duly extravagant or else that they were en deavoring either to give a lesson in good form to their employers or to rival the.lat- ill f P 10 1 w terin the matter of "style." The conse quence is that their hats are always .just a lew weeks to the rear, just as when'a field officer and a subaltern are walking together, the junior will always remain a few steps to the rear of his superior. White hats are rezarded, both in this country and the Old World, as symbolical of democracy and of liberal ideas, as op posed to those of a conservative nature. I am at a loss to find a reason for this unless it be that in tbe days of ancient Borne, when a candidate for office appealed to tbe electors as an advocate of reform measures he was wont to whiten his toca with chalk as an indication of the purity of hismotives. Candidas is the Latin word for white, and I presume that it is .from this fashion of whitening the togas that we derive the word ''candidate." I must leave it to my readers, however, to decide as to whether a white hat can still be considered as indica tive of the political purity of its wearer. Sure Sign of a Celebrity. Whenever one sees an elderly man wear ing a peculiarly old and shabby hat of an tiquated form one' may safely take it for granted that he is a celebrity of some kind or another, and a distin guished personage. All the famous men whom I have encountered during tbe course of my wanderings in various parts of the world have invariably worn hats that were absolutely shocking. And yet in one way these ancient "tiles" seemed to com mand my reverence and respect, for I couldnot help remembering that after all they constitnted the canopy of brains that bad made their mark in the history of mankind. Tbe hat of Carlyle, for instance, was beyond description. So was that of Tennyson, while Lord Salisbury's is such" that its battered and disreputable appear ance on one memorable occasion led the ignorant and short-sighted doorkeepers at Monte Carlo to refuse him admittance to the public gambling rooms. Gladstone's "tile' is little better, while that which old Emperor William of Germany was wont to wear during his annual sojourn at Ems and Gastein was even worse. The three principal forms of hat now in vogue are the high hat, alias "tile," or "stove-pipe," tbe so-called wideawake, and the pot hat or Derby. The origin of the latter dates back to mythological times; for the statues of Mercury invariably portray that deity whose lack of moral principles savors so greatly of nineteenth century civilization in an unmistakable "derby" or "pot bat." embellished with a couple of wings. Tbe wideawake or soft felt hat comes to us from Italvy where it was first used. It subsequently found its way to this continent and to-day is regarded in Europe as the peculiarly American form of headgear. The high hat or stovepipe origi nated with the Puritans, and must be regard ed as in keeping with the stiff and starched. The WotAd-Be Fly MoU. character of their social demeanor and re ligious principles. Even to this day a high silk hat always acts as a restraining in fluence upon its wearer, and it is not until it has been crushed and deprived of its pristine stiffness and rigidity that he feels in a condition to start ont and paint the town red. Good Form. HOW GOLD WAS FOUND. One Man Struck It Rich While Dlgsinc; a Comrade's Grave. Philadelphia Press.l Gold was discovered in California in 1848 and in Colorado in 1858. The discovery was accidental in both cases, and the fact created the impression that mines were "lying around loose." Adventurers drifted about in hope of "stumbling upon a mine." Mr. Thayer, in his "Marvels of the New West," mentions several instances of lucky "stum bling." Three men, while looking for gold in California, discovered the dead body of a man who evidently had been "prospecting." "Poor fellowl" said one of the trio. "He has passed in his checks!" "Let's give him a decent burial," said another. "Some wife or mother will be glad if ever she knows it" They began to dig a grave. Three feet below the surface they discovered signs of gold. The strancer was buried in another place, and where they had located a grave they opened a gold mine. An adventurer who had drifted into Leadville awoke one morning without food or money. He went out and shot a deer, which, in its dying agonies, kiefced up the dirt and disclosed igns of gold. The poor man staked out a "claim," and opened one of the most profitable mines ever worfced in. Leadville. "Dead Man Claim," the name jriven to another rich mine in Leadville, was discovered by a broken down miner while digging a grave. A miner died when there were several feet of snow on the ground. His comrades laid his body in a snowbank and hired a man for S20 to dig a grave. The gravedig- ger, after three days' absence, was ioupd digging a mine instead of a grave. While excavating he had struck gold. Forgetting the corpse and his bargaiu he thought only of the fact that he had "struck it rich." But these "stumblings" are exceptions to the rule that mines are found bv painstak ing, intelligent prospectors. They spend wearisome months in exploring mountains and eulches. They are mineralogists, geolo gists and, above all, practical explorers, who can tell from a "twist" in tbe grain of tbe rock or from the color of a spar seam whether "paying gold" can be mined in the region. FLIES AS CH0LEB4 BEAEEE3. Recent Experiments -Have Proven That They Often Carry the Disease. The evidence against flies as the propa gators of disease is accumulating to a most disturbing extent (writes the London cor respondent of the Manchester Guardixn). Before the days of bacteriology no con clusive facts could be brought forward directly incriminating them as the carriers of infe'etion; but just the opposite is no the case, and numerous unequivocal results have been arrived at showing the impor tant part which these insects play in this connection. The most recent charge which has been formulated against them is that which was laid before the Hamburg Medical Society with respect to the conveyance of cholera infection. Nine flies were captured which had been in contact with infected cholera material, and were placed in flasks containing nutrient gelatile. In six of tBe nine vessels numerous colonies of comma bacilli were successfully cultivated of course, from the .infection conveyed by the fliei: The possibility, therefore, of falling a victim to cholera hi this way, even after every precaution had been taken, is by no means pleasant to contemplate. Dwarfs in Africa. A correspondent from Tangier writes that during the recent mission to Fez ofSirEuan Smith, Mr. Walter H. Harris and Mr. Carlefon, the interpreter, were informed by a cherif from Tafilelt, cousin of the Sultan, and Governor over an extensive district, that there is no question as to tbe existance of dwarfs tribes down the Dra, where they 1 1 Iff WOMEN WHO GAMBLE. They Are More Nrimeron3 Than Men at Continental Resorts, BUT THE NUMBER ISiVT GROWING. An rrjualily of the c'exe3 When Tempting the Fickle Goddesa. FATE OF THOSE WHO LOSE FORTUNE IronHESFOirDESCE or Tne dufatpB.i LojfDOS", Nov. 10. A brief glance at the crowds assembled rouud the seductive green tables of Continental resorts assures one of the fact that, whatever may be their other distinctive characteristics, women are, here, numerically, in excess of men. Yet, strange and paradoxical as it may ap pear,sconsideriag that this is an age ot loco motive facilities, and the emancipation of women, whereby they can be seen "en voy age," unaccompanied by a male escort without entailing the social ostracism it would once have eventuated in, the female gambler is not one of an increasing com munity. t Whether the ever-growing outlets for their energies at home and the means of acquiring wealth, independent of a hus band's support, are more within their grasp, and are helping to fill a void, and to divert the current of their powers into healthier channels by bestowing the pleasurable ex citation of money making without the des perate odds cf the gaming table, which was once their great resource, time alone can prove. But at the present moment, even allowing for these creeping changes, womrn still predominate. Where their younger sisters are seeking and finding platforms at home, on which they can stand on an equality with their brother workers, the older ones, women who have, outlived the warm emotions of youth, the feverish ties .of womanhood and the ambitions whicn have crumbled into dust, still sit or hover round these garish centers of attraction, where they, too, are on even ground with the other sex, having the same end and aim, securing tbe same law. No Distinction of hex There. For every sweep of the croupier's "rateau" deals the same unerring measure, the same alternations of momentary triumph or more lingering heartburning. Women play with greater concentration and more stolid patience than men. When losing they become obstinate, when winning they do not so quickly lose self-control or undo any profitable results. In most of the serious affairs of life they possess endurance to a higher degree than men, and this quality serves them to good purpose even here. As, in the outer world they can bear personal discussions and an tagonistic debates more calmly than men, by the same token they can here look more dispassionately on the chances of regaining their losses, or regard the painful alterna tive with greater composure, althouzn they J may not have so much command exteriorly, or nice their inward perturbation so per fectly as men, who can play on, smiling, to the lost cast of the die, while they finger the pocket pistol which, in a few moments, will end all. Men play for higher stakes, and the raging fever which pride makes them hide causes them to play quickly. The agony of suspense'is not so long drawn out as with women, who. hour after hour, circu late round the tables, oblivious of time, while health, loot?, meals, physical and mental fatigue, all, are held in subjection by the one overwhelming vortex of interest True as in Other Features. " 'lis woman's whole existence!." is true in this as in other human idolatries! It is a soul-absorbing pursuit, and becomes a tyrant lrom which they cannot escape, and yet its end is not so often disastrous to life with them as with their brother player?. Bare, indeed, it is to hear of an occurrence such as thrilled even tbe well.seosoned cal lousness of Monte Carlo the other day when a young American lady, having lost an im mense fortune, deliberately took her own life. To some extent gamblingis grafted in every heart, but it is opportunity, satan's stanch ally, that first calls it into life, and this feeling once permitted, like Aaron's rod, it swallows up all others, obliterates all sense of anxiety and distress of mind, and elevates the heart into a state of ex pectancy and transient delight! Want and necessity have nothing to do with it. Women who are placed above tbe shadow of pecuniary care, to whom large amounts are easily available, prefer to ob tain'them through the path of excitement rather than with the cold and spiritless ease of gifts, and this is the keynote of its fascination a tension of the nerves is created, attainable in no other way. Once under its influence the vice is omnipotent. The heart may suffer dull pain, the brain may grow torpid by sheer exhaustion of ex citement, still it gains force, even over the strongest natures, strong for good or evil, stubborn and self-confident, until the last ray ot hope is extinguished, the lost re source exhausted, and they must accept de feat with what grace they "may. When the Glamor Is rast. Then only do they begin to realize that the coins cast away meant money, not mere shininir counters, and the notes which are gone forever had not been meant for waste Eaper. The glamor is past, the false lichti ave lost their delusive brilliancy, dayiisht enters their understanding and their foolish ness is made clear! They can say with Dryden: Trust on? and think to-morrow will repay? To-morrow's Jalsor than the former day! Then comes the test of a woman's char acter! She has passed through the fire and her wings are scorched. She sees herself in all her .feebleness, but while life lasts two roads are still open to her. She may step on ber mortal vice and ri8 to nobler things, or sink to that social per dition from which there is no recall. Astoria. IT HAY CHEAPEN ELECTEICIIY. F rench Improvment on Faraday's DisK Likely to Work Wonders. Two French scientists have recently dis covered an entirely new property of Fara day's disk, and the result may "be an import ant improvement in the dynamo. It will bo remembered that Faraday discovered the principle of the dynamo when he attached one end of the wire to the center of a copper disk revolving between the poles of a mag net and the other end at the circumference. A current of electricity was thus produced on the wire, and this simple experiment re sulted in the commercial dynamo, says the Philadelphia Record. Instead of the Faraday disk, the French scientists employ thin plates of a certain constitution not yet made public These plates are composed, in the direction of their thicknesss. of a very magnetic and highly conducting metal, and are so placed that the lines ot force of the field of tbo magnet are perpendicular to this direction of thickness. Thus, it is said, the flowof induction which proceeds from the north pole of the magnet is divided into several sheets of parallel lines, which are very close together and which only traverse the mag nectic portions of the bimetallic conduc tor. The discoverers of this property con structed a small machine employing this principle, and it was found that the avail able energy of the machine Increases at a rate which Is practically proportional to the height of the conductors. The results achieved are remarkable, and are'believed to indicate a valuable discovery of 'great commercial importance. wtfXtfi 1 'U .X: .. 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Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers