THE ;p!TTSBim& "' DISPATCH. -SUNDAY; SEPTEMBER 18; 1893L WRCOFRUSSUL rgains Driven Almost Uni Tersally Oyer a Cup of ' Steaming Tea. THE TARIFF WOBKS. of the Manufacturing Ir Done in the Homes of Peasants. ICON AND OAHPiB BUSINESS. '.lions Hmd-Va3e Shawli That May Be Tn Throngh a King. EETISING AXD C1LCDL1TING aroxDrsci or tub dhatoH MOSCOW, Aug. 31. AKE a cnp of tea with me & la Busse while I tell you something about the queer business methods of this queer people. A bare - footed boy brings in the large brass samovar and we drink our tea out of glass tum blers with nothing but a bit of lemon and a generous amount of sugar to affect its flavor. "" The Russians do heir trading over tea, and this commer center, Moscow, is fall of tea houses sd traktirs, where these long-haired chants sit and suck their tea through ps of sugar which they hold between -r teeth and dicker and bargain from rningtill evening. There is no such thing as fixed prices nor k trades in Russia. It takes a man all to come to a decision, and he always you three times as much at he expects et And still the business done is nous. Moscow hai some business i which would be a credit to Chicago, here are stores here as fine as you will inywhere in Paris. 3IacnIfiont ralacrs of Trade, e wealthier Russians buy the most ex--int articles of jewelry and wearing and the arcades ot this city of are unequaled anywhere in the Just under the shadow of the holy there is now being built a vast if six stories which must cover jn acres of ground, and there are usiness blocks here which cover There is more economy used in than in America, and some of t buildings are cut by wide passages e rooled with glass and out upon en stores about 20 feet front with w windows. These windows are th beautiful goods, and the shop spend hours in going from one another without getting out into t ods sold are largelr imported and ous to see how tbe government the payment ot duty upon them, nported article pays a tax and Rns erhaps tbe highest protective tariff untry in the world. Every article ive the stamp of the revenue officer and this stamp is in the shape ot a ce of lead as big around as a silver piece, to which are fastened two of wire which unite inside of the t sold. It is impossible to get this f without breaking the stamp, which elibly pressed into the lead, and r you buy a necktie, a pair of stock- a "piece of jewelry it must have this upon it ;nrs Coins In Utile Glass rtcxt-c acco of all kinds is heavily taxed and , are always sold in boxes' which are ped round with revenue stamps and h have glass tops. It you buy one ci- is in a little glass box, and there are of two cigars, three cigars and ot six, ten and a dozen. Each bears its opriate stamp and the bigger the box bizger the stamp. The result is that oreign articles are very high and im- ed cigars cost twice as much as they do i us. Articles manufactured in Russia, ever, are cheap, and it will be surpns- to many Amencaus to know what Iius- naWes. lere are over 1,300 factories in operation t Moscow and you can see the smoke- s standing like sentinels here and there the landscape, rivaling in their height' olden spires of the churches. These ies employ a quarter of a million of rs and they turn out about a hundred fty million dollars worth of products year. Tie city of Tula, which is a 's nde from Moscow, has cutlery works make all kinds of iron aud steel ware thf s finest quality. I bought a knife and azor during my visit there a few davs ago d they are as fane as anything that'Shef- ld or'Birmingham can produce. It is at ila that the samovars are made, nearly .OCO.000 worth being turned out everv ar, ana there are large gun factories here lich supply the Russian army. III Manufacture i" list She Meeds, The cotton industry is mainly confined to oscow. It has treSled within the last ten ars and mere are cotton mills here which mid be a credit to Massachusetts. The A Merchant of Moscau. i factories are also increasing and the ill come when Russia will manufacture of the goods consumed by her vast lation. At the present time a large ant of the manufactures are the result tome industry. The peasants do a great 0y things in their homes and nearly ry village has its specialty ot some kind other. 3? Sear Moscow there is a town whichKs ted for its beating of gold leaf, and the jple of this village beat the gold out be- ten calfskins, and the monthly wages of a id gold beater are about 57. There are ter villages which make wire, others ,!ch make nothing but spectacle frames, i down in Tula there are about 2,000 peo- who devote themselves to the making accordions. Some of the most beautiful ire turned out at Moscow is the lacquer pier muclie. This is sold all over Europe. has the finish of the Japanese lacquer and is beautifully painted. This is done by silica who have worked at it for genern- jns. It was from them that the oid-fash- J -Si HfcV ftf f r ljjL ioned snuffboxes came, and they now make sleeve buttons, tea caddies, book covers and lacquer pictures. Every Man Has Ills Icon. Speaking of pictures, the icon trade is one of the great industries of this country. An icon is the picture of a saint, the face of wh'ch is painted, but the body of which is mtde of carved gold, silver or brass. Every man in Russia has his icon and there is scarcely a room in a Russian bouse which does not contain one ot these sacred pict ures. They are of all sizes and prices, from little ones no bigger than a watch and worth onlv a few cents up to great paint ings the size of a baru door and worth tens of thousands of dollars. The Russian says liis prayers before tlicni and he looks upon them as the guardian angels of his life. There is no store in Russia that has not one ot these icons hanging up in it, and if you want to be ordinarily polite yon will take ofi your hat when you enter the store in lM A Sacred Icon. honor of it, and if you are a Russian you will invariably cross yourself on coming into its presence. The baby of our consul general at St. Petersburg fell sick during my stay there a few weeks ago, and its nurse said that the undoubted cause of its illness was because there was no icon picture iu the room in which it was lying and she would not con tinue to wait upon the child nntil one was put up. In every railroad station in Russia there is a shrineof this kind, and you can not get out of sight of a picture of one of the saints, of the Virgin or ot the Savior. There are stores here in Moscow which sell nothing but icons, and the painting of them gives work to thousands. In making them the workmen get prices according to the size of the saints and their number. A good man can make three, each containing one figure, in a week, and as he gets 50 cents a saint he makes 1 60 at this rate for a week's work. Some of the icons are very well painted, and those in the churches are often studded with jewels and the metal work is of solid gold. Some icons are holier than others, and the most sacred are kissed by the worshipers and candles burn con stantly before them. The Cundle Business In Tasla. Sneaking of candles.R'issia burns more to her population than any other country in Europe. She uses about 60,000,000 pounds of candles every year, and one of the great sources ot income of the churches is their candle sales. At the door of every great cathedral there are candle peddlers, who have counters before them and ho sell candles to the worshipers as fast as they can hand them out These men are dressed in the uniform of the church, and they take in pennies by the bushel. I watched a couple of them lor a long time at the entrance ot the Kazan Cathedral in St. Petersburg, and in the course of half an hour I saw at least 300 men, women and children buy candles. It took two men to supply them, aud the candles they bought were of various sizes and of different prices. Some bought as many as a dozen and others were satisfied with one. I wondered what they would do with them and walked in behind them. Tbe in terior ot this church is as large as the hall of the House ot Congress. Its halls were hung with golden icons and there were jew. eled icons on tne pillars and set into the solid silver altar at tne back of the church. Before each icon there was a silver caudle stick with a stem as big around as Grover Cleveland's thigh, and rising from the floor to about the height ot the spot on which President Harrison's bat rests. The tops of these candlesticks were in the shape of a ra ,"wi-::..-z.&;"-vu. BOIbUIOfi BHEOP-b KiirTUBCKHXl S&iCCKnEAOift sieom 3imrcrv 0 Ha. Kbkstc. npuevusruk fpar rtoprUsaYs. tlssrzi, GTapo-rueTutS oep Aors ItsS" ..EI a o t fc". Q2B Bustxccxu oran xynura punuii i IV. Jtnaca a cociijuwia ycoicpajea- cnsisjun, l'" itu orl.r.'j o . JHlvyWgK A Musiness Advertisement disc and each top bad a number of holes in which to stick candles. Urine ne Candles In Worship. The worshipers whom I followed tramped from one of these candelabra to another, lighting a candle before each and putting it up to burn before the picture. While they stood aud crossed themselves before the saints I saw other candles being passad up from man to man, finally reaching the hands ot the church officer who presided over each candlestick and being lit by him and put be fore the saint There were probably 500 candles burning at one time in this one church and when you remember that this goes on all over Russia every Sunday and every holiday and during most of the days of the week you can see where the candles goto. A large part of the candles used are madein homes and not in large factories, and in fact the house industry of Russia seems to surpass that of the factories. Jt is estimated that there are 750,000 workmen in Russia who make things at their own homes, and one authority states that these people turn out J750.O0O.O00 worth of goods every year. These people in many cases peddle their goods themselves, and in some instances they work for the factories! Russia has in fact many queer trades of which ive know nothing. Along the Volga there are colonies who make a specialty of breeding and raising cats, which are sold for the lur and which are usually disposed of to peddlers. The cats bring from 5 to 15 cents apiece and the peddler collects them in a bag, kills them as soon as he gets away from the villages in which they have been bought and takes off their skins, which arc shipped by him to the lur centers of the Empire, in a village not far off from the home of Tolstoi, in Tula, there are 60 fami lies who do nothing else but raise canaries, and in Tamboff there is a section where pigeons are bred for tbe sake of their skins, which are sold at the weekly bazaars and at the fairs. The feathers arc, of course, lett on the skins and they eventually form a part oi some lauy s cioac or nat What Can Be Bought In Itusl. I bought a pair of boots and a pair of slippers lor ?2, and I was offered a very gooil traveling satchel of the finest Russian leather tor SI 50. I bought a shawl in Mos cow to-day which is so large that it would cover the biggest double bed in America and so fine that it will go through a lady's ring. It was made by the peasants of Orenburg and is of the kind known as ring shawls. It was made entirely bv hand and the fine lace work of these Russian peasants is wonderful. The velvets made by them are noted all over Europe, and some of their velvets bring 55 a yard. They make car pets which are equal to those ot Persia and Turkey, and I met here at Moscow Ameri can buyers forTiffanv & Co., ot Kew York, and Bailey, Banks & Biddle, of Philadel phia, who are sent here to buy the wonder lul Russian silver and the famous bronzes, f5 v5f which are finer than those of any other part of the world. The merchants as a rule are Russians in long coats with their pantaloons stuffed in their boots and their hair chopped off level with the neck so tbat it forms a sort ot a brush as it hangs down from the crown. They part this hair in the middle and they are usually long-bearded men of the Ens rian type. They are shrewd dealers, but are very suspicious of one another and go on the principle that everything is fair in trade. Some of them crow very wealthy and some of the finest houses in Moscow belong to the merchants. The nobles looked rather down on them nntil in recent years and to-day the merchant class Is not as high as the official class in Russia. They are very superstitious ana believe in signs and omens. the Merchants Take Life Eisy. Their honrs of business are from abont 9 in the morning until about 5 in the after noon, and though. they areas anxious to make a good trade as our merchants, they take more rest than we do and they will not open their stores during the holidays nor on Sundays. Everything is closed in Russia on Sunday, .and St Petersburg and Moseow at this time look muoh more like Boston than Paris. It is interesting to watch one of these bazaar merchants close up for the night. In the first place he locks up every thing in the store and seals it shut He then conies outside and closes bis windows and locks the front door of his shop with a great padlock. He then takes a string and ties the padlock to the staple and joins the two ends of the string together and puts some hot sealing wax on them. This be stamps with his own seal, so that it will be impossible to open the lock without break ing the seal He then stands in front of his closed doors and crosses himself and says a prayer before he leaves for the night, and he will say another prayer when he opens up in the "morning. This is done by every merchant, and the crossing and sealing of these padlocks is going on all along the arcades at the hour ot closing. The Russians lo not advertise a great deal and a Russian business advertisement looks queer to American eyes. There are thirty six letters iu the Russian alphabet, and these letters seem to be a combination ot the Greek, Chinese and the Arabic charac ters. A great majority of the lower classes cannot read them and the result is that it hardly pays the merchant to advertise. You see few posters about the cities and the sandwich man is absent from these Russian streets. Many of the peasants cannot read the signs on the stores, and for this reason nearly every store has painted on its walls pictures of the articles sold within. Realistic Basln-ss Signs. I saw a barber sign the other day here in Moscow which consisted of a bare-armed man shaving a patient, who sat upright in t-nap Shot at a lied 'tore. one chair, while just opposite him sat a lady who was holding out her arm, from wtucn a stream ot blood was spouting and upon which another barber was performing the operation of blood letting. In another Eart of the picture on a stool was a man aving a tooth pulled, and the sign intended to conve ythe fact that tbe barber was a dentist, a shaver and a surgeon. A feed stoie will have a bundle ot hay in a door way and on the walls at the side of the door will be painted horses feeding and cows grazing. The dairy signs are cows with maids or men milking them and the tea signs are usually gaudy Chinamen, who are sipping tea. Even the newest inventions, such as the typewriter, the bicycle and the camera, are painted on the signboards in this way and sometimes the whole front of a store will be covered by pictures, each ot which repre sents some article sold by the merchant Tbe windows are filled with samples of the goods sold and not infrequently articles are suspended on the walls outside in order to show just what is oflered within. Every merchant makes his calculations with a box of vooden buttons strung on wires, just as tbe merchants do in China, and only the larger establishments keep book accounts. Little business is none by checks. FBANK G. CARPENXEB. THE FUMIGATION PSOBLEU. One'of Its Worst rimsts Can Be Studied In tVestern Pennsylvania. "One who desires to study the vital phase of the immigration problem should go to the anthracite fields of Pennsylvania. There he will find one of the richest regions of the earth overrun with a horde of Hun garians, Slavs, Polanders, Bohemians, Arabs, Italians, Sicilians, Russians and Tyrolese of the lowest class; a section almost dena tionalized by the scam of the Continent, where women hesitate to drive about the country roads by day, where unarmed men are not safe after tbe sinking of the sun," ays Henry Rood in the September Forum. There he will see prosperous little cities like Hazleton, Mabanoy, Ashland, Shenan doah, with fine business houses and edu cated people of fortune, and surround ing these towns great wastes of the Commonwealth diseased by thou sands and tens of thousands of foreigners who have no desire to become Americans, who immigrate to the United States for a few years to make money, who have driven to the cities and to the "West the great army of English, Scotch, Irish, "Welsh, Germans and Americans who once gave stability to the coal regions; in short, a condition "of affairs which, If equaled elsewhere, may become more than a national problem a national peril. They leave their families abroad aud send to them sums of money that seem enormous when the fact is considered that they belong to the laboring class. "The little city of Hazleton is-said to send each month to Southern Europe from 575,000 to 125,003. Such immigrants, as a rule, make no attempt to become Americans. They care naught lor our country, but as a place where they can accumulate enough money to make them independent when they return home." SKI'TEMUErt. She comes with a lialo floating 'round her, Fair as a cloistered saint of old. In courtly stuffs nave hor handmaids gowned Koyal purple and cloth of gold. Her lips are sweet with the honeyed sweet ness That lurks in the heart of a luscious poar, When the bee discovers its lipe complete ness. And sips unstinted the nectar rare. The queen of the meadow bends to meet her. Wearing a smlrb on her rojal face. The cardinal-flower, in haste to gleet her, Lowers bis colors with loyal grace She owns their homage with glances tender. And blossoms gleam where her foot has trod, While the mellow haze which tbe sunbeams lend her. She drops on the swaying golden-rod. With Hsoine measure her footstep twinkles Buovautly over each bosky dell: With 'countless asterd the inead she sprin kles. And tints with crimson the fox glove's belt She twines a leaf in her floating tresses, The nrst red leaf from the maple's bough. And tbe last bright garland which summer blesses. She binds in a coronal on her brow. Bnt a speedy summons the west winds waft her. Bidding her haste on her destined way. And only the sound of their mocking, laugh ter Tells of her brief, triumphal sway. Gems or crystal and beads of amber Glow witn the fire of iter parting beams; And ere we Know her, the Sweet September Fades like the visions we see in Urenms. -XtUn Whtiney Clark, tnfraik ZeHW$. JOKES IN THE PULPIT. The Successful Tarson Will Make Them an Influence for Good. GOOD STORIES ARE USEFUL, TOO. Above ill the Sermon Must Be So Fat a hat ill Can Understand, TELLIKQ TEUTH SYSTEMATICALLY. IWBITTEIT TOR THE OISF-ATCB.I "What is tbe parson for? The parson ought to know, and the people ought to know also. The character of the clergyman is largely shaped by his congregation. A good parish is apt to have a good pastor. It makes a great difference to a minister what his people think about the ministry and abont him. Accordingly, I want to write something about the purpose of the parson, about the ideals which he ought to aim at and toward which his people ought to help him. And especially in the matter of preaching. What is the purpose of lhe parson in the pulpit? What is the preacher for? The purpose of the parson in the pulpit ought to be, first of all, to interest his hearers. "How shall they hear without a preacher?" is a pertinent inquiry. But how shall he preach without hearers ? is a question quite as much to the point For it is essential to a sermon that it be beard, that it be attended to. Whatever sentences in a sermon are not heard by the bearers might as well have been said in Hebrew, or left out altogether. The length of the ser mon is not rightly measured by the number on the last page of the preacher's paper, or by tbe figures that span it on the clock. The sermon has exactly as many paragraphs in it as the congregation listened to, not one more. During the remainder of the time the preacher was beating the air. lrepchlntr to Itrstlens Conure;ratlnnK. The attention of the congregation is as necessary as the presence of the congrega tion. An inattentive congregation, indeed, is not really present The uninteresting preacher reads his homily to the backs of the benches. There is no use preaching to a restless congregation. We might as well preach to a company of English sparrows. There is no use preaching to people who are asleep. We might as well preach to an audience of graven images. It is absolutely necessary that the preacher set distinctly in the forefront of all his pious purposes the determination to interest the people. But in order.to interest people we must know what people are interested in. They are always interested in a story. Our Lord, accordingly, made more use of illustration than He did of argument. In deed, what use made He of argument at all? His arguments were parables. Every listener was interested in these stories, looked eagerly from one chapter to the next, took in the meaning irresistably and never forgot it That, perhaps, is the best advantage of the story that it sticks. All the rest of the sermon vanishes out of memory, but a graphic illustration stays. The preacher, then, ought to be on the watch for illustrations. At every turn in his discourse he ought to search his memory for one of these sharp nails by which to pin his thought into the minds of the hearers. Humor I n Good Thine. People are always interested in humor. They enjoy smiling, and it does them good to smile. But not in church I Why not in church? What sanctity of the Lord's house is violated by a smile? The Puritans, it is true, objected to any unbending of the lines of the face within the shadows of the sanctuary. "His Majestie's Tithing Man entered complaint against Dora aud Susan Smith, that on the Lord's Day, during Divine service, they did smile!" But the Puritans made a good many grim mistakes, and that was one of them. That was, in deed, quite a fatal blunder. It made that stern old system of religion have a con sequence of reaction. It was against nature. And it is no use fighting against nature. If Cotton Mather had had a sense of kindly humor in him, or had given play to what he had, the history of New England would have been spared some grievous chaDters. It is quite a new thing, this horror of homilitical humor. The old preachers had more sense than to abandon this most effect ive of weapons, this most persuasive of arguments. "And now I will tell you a merry toy," says one of them. And then follows the old story of about Godwin Sands and Tenterden Steeple. Do you know, cries Coverdale, who is the busiest bishop in England, never out of his diocese, never taking a vacation, his whole soul in his work, bis zeal, his persistence, his en thusiasm putting all the rest of us to shame? Do you know who is the busiest bishop in England? Let me tell you it is the devill rt-lng Nmnral In the l'u'plt. The best preachers have had a sense of humor. They have not been afraid to be natural in the pulpit They have not fallen into the pernicious heresr of ecclesiastical affectation. They have had no pious way of holding their hands; they have put on no holy tone of voice, they have never tried to learn a pulpit style. They have believed that a sermon, like anr othet public utter ance, ought to be the plain word of an earn est man to his brother men; that it is noth ing in the world but a conversation with a company ot people, in which one man does all the talking. And they have talked as naturally in their churches as they would talk in their studios. For the earuest man is be who is con cerned to get a certain thing done. People who are not so earnest, or who are not so wise in their earnestness, insist tbat the thing to be done must be done in a certain particular old way. The best preachers have always said Not in any way, so that we get it done! Any way to get bold ot men and uplift men! And when tbey saw that humor is a factor in all persuasive speech, that it lightens the strain of argument for a moment and makes it possible to tighten it again stronger than ever, that it makes a bond of sympathy between the speaker and the hearer and so help the speaker's cause, that it rests the hearer, who is beginning to grow weary, and makes him willing to listen again; when they saw that a touch of humor gets attention, and keeps attention; then they were bound to use it Whatever will help to win the wills of men to Christ, they said, is right and reverent in the church ot Christ The parson, then, will try to brighten up even his thnnder clouds with these flashes of lightning, unless, indeed, be have no sense ot humor, in which case his congrega tion is to be condoled with. Must Be Easily Understood. People are interested not only in graphic illustration, and in effective humor, but, in general, in sermons that thoy can under stand. Nobody has any business to write a paragraph in a sermon that cannot be under stood by the sexton and the sexton's wife. If there are any incomprehensive para graphs, the chances are that they indicate lace of understanding on the part of the preacher himself. That is the part of his sermon which he has not quite thought out 'Just there he does not know what he is talk ing about There are said to be certain pass ages in Hegel's philosophy which Hegel con fessed that he did not himself altogether un derstand. He might have written non sense poetry iu those places. The purpose of a sermon is to make cer tain truths plain to the people who hear it A plain sermon is likely to be an interesting sermon. A difficult sermon is like a letter written in an execrable hand. A .philoso pher wbo is writing for philosphers may be pardoned for technicalities. But he is of no account unless he makes his meaning Slain to the philosophers. A preacher's usiness is to make his meaning daylight plain to every hearer. And the best preach ers have always done that A good detl of the contusion of the hearer arises not so much from the profundity of the preacher's thonght as from the lack of clear arrangement in it The hearer has a desire to know, aud needs to know, just what the chief points are. And the preacher ought to tell him. He need not take the skeletonof the sermon out of its flesh and shake it in the eyes of the congregation, but he ought to mase it evident which is "sec ondly," and which is "fourthly," which is premise and which is conclusion. At the end of the sermon the congregation ought to have in.their minds with accuracy the chief truths and applications in their order. Inflaenelne the Conrrrgatlnn. The purpose of the parson ire the pulpit ought to be to interest the people, not foy the sake of interesting them, but for the saKe of influencing them. The purpose to interest is only the beginning of the preach er's good intention. Interest must be the ambassador of instruction. Interest gets the preacher a hearing. Now what snail the preacher say? The preacher's pre-emi nent purpose ought to be to profit the peo ple. The people will be profited by being taught the truth. The preacher ought to teach the truth impartially and religiously. By the impartial teaching of truth I mean what St Paul meant when he spoke of "rightly dividing the word of truth." Truth may be taught in such a fashion, with such an emphasis, with such exclusive at tention to one or two phases of it, as to transform the truth itself into a lie. It is an old story how the devil, clad in gown and cowl, preached in the parish church, and took tor his theme the everlasting tor tures hi the damned. There are few that be saved, he said; as for all the rest of you, let me tell you into what condition you will come! And 'then he described the nether country till the horror-stricken hearers, like the farmers of Northampton, clung to the backs of the seats to keep from sliding into the yawning pit. And he boasted after ward", the story says, that that was the most diabolical sermon" he knew how to preach, because there w.ts not a' mention iu it of the love of God. Kounding Up Tinth In a Tear. The preacher ooght to get the whole truth ot the gospel into his preaching. Not in every sermon, as some .divinity students attempt to do, but into the ser mons of the year. Every vear in every parish the great truths ot the Christian faith ought to be dwelt upon in order. Only by a systematic arrangement, as careful as that which is made in the curriculum of a theological seminary, can a parson declare unto his people the whole gospel of God. Let the parson define his purpose to his own mind; let him say, now, this is what I want to teach these are the truths that I want to get into the hearts and lives of this parish this year and thus and thus will I set out these things before my people; there ought to be as much difference between that kind of instruction and the Saturday night text kind which is common among us, as there is between an assault upon a fortress which is made by a battalion ot trained sol diers and an assault made by a disorderly mob. The purpose of the parson ought to be not only to preach truth impartially, but to preach it religiously. By the religious preaching of truth I mean the bringing of it to bear directly upon the better living of men and women. The supreme purpose of the preacher is to make good Christians. However it may be in the theological sem inaries, no truth has any business in the pulpit which is not related practically and vitally to common life. The Application or Religion. Thus the preacher ought not to preach doctrine except in its bearing on Christian living. Jesus never did. Paul never did. All the doctrinal teaching of the New Tes tament is for the purpose of helping men and women into better living. Doctrine is the foundation of right ethics. The preach er has no right to build the cellar wall and not put a house on it The preacher as professor of church his tory, the preacher as the instructor in ex egesis must have a distinct spiritual pur pose in his words. Everybody knows how Coleredge said to Lamb: "Did you ever hear me preach?" To which Lamb an swered: ''I never heard you do anything else." The preacher never ought to do anything else. His work is to uplift, to guide, to inspire, to bring tbe living Christ and living men together. The only time I ever heard Spurge on preach he was speaking in a music hall in London, at a meeting called in furtherance of certain outdoor services tbat were being held on Sunday in Hyde Park. He had been asked to make an address upon this oc casion. "I have been asked," he said, "to make an address. But I warn you at the beginning that my address will be a good deal like the angel which the sign-painter de signed for the tavernkeeper. The tavern keeper said to the sign-painter, 'I want yon to paint me an augel for my sign.' But the sign-painter's specialty was painting green dragons. 'An angel?' said the sign-painter, 'Xod would much better have a green dragon. 'No, no,' answered the tavern keeper, there are already 20 of your green dragons in the parish. I must have an angel.' 'Very well,' said the artist, 'I will paint von an angel, but I give you warning beforehand that it will look a great deal liken green dragon.' So I will make you an address, but I give you notice before hand that it will souud "a great deal like a sermon! Ills Trne Spirit of the Bnal Sermon. Everv utterance of the preacher in the pulpit ought to sound a great deal like a sermon; or, better still, ought to have in it the true spirit of a real sermon. This need not mean either the setting of a text out of the Bible at the beginning of it, nor the statement of a moral application at the end. People are probably helped most by the moral applications which they make them selves. The test of right utterance in the pulpit is the measure ot spiritual utility. Are the people helped? Are they better fitted to meet their daily temptations, to solve their daily problems, to put the em- Iihasis of life on that part ot it which asts? "Iu that day shall there beupon the bells of the horses Holiness to the Lord. Yea, every pot in Jerusalem and in Judah shall be Holiness unto tbe Lord of hosts." In that day shall Holiness to the Lord be in scribed upon the cups and saucers of all the banqueting tables ot society. Yea, every furnace in every miU and every kitchen stove in every house in Pittsburg shall be holiness unto the Lord. To hasten the dawning of that day is the great pur pose of the" preacher. George Hodges. QUININE AND PE-Bl-NA. Two Greit Malnrml ItpinediPi Compared. Nothing is more clearly demonstrated than that there are two distinct forms of malaria, which, for the want of better names, may be denominated acute and chronic. It has been recently shown that the parasite which causes malaria are dif ferent in the acute and chronio forms. The acute form is commonly known as fever and ague, or chills and fever. This form of tbe disease is too well known in malarious districts to need description, and is gener ally curable by large doses of quinine, though this is not so favorable a remedy as Pe-ru-na. The chronio form of malaria is, by no means, so well understood, as the symptoms are hardly ever exactly alike in any two cases, and it is rarely, if ever, cur able by taking quinine. Each case pre sents slightly different symptoms, the most commonones being dull headache, sallow complexion, furred tongue, bad taste, poor digestion, shivering feelings, hot flashes, cold feet and hands, and constant, tired feelings. Quinine will not cure cases of chronio malaria as above described. Pe-ru-na ij the only specific for such cases. Pe-ru-na is sure to cure, leaves the system with ro derangement, and produces no drug habit hard to leave off, which quinine will do. Pe-ru-na is for sale at most drugstores, accompanied with directions for use; but those who are using it should send for the Family Physician No. 1, a treatise on malaria. Sent free by the Pe-ru-na Drag Manufacturing Company, Columbus, O. , We pack, haul and store furniture; clean, dry warehouse; charges reasonable. IIauoh 4 Keemaic, 33 Water streot Akoostura Bitten, the celebrated- ap pettier, U used all orer the world. THE DIET OF SINGERS. A Writer Says Fish and Flesh Do Kot Produce Good Voices. ECONOMY IN TREATING WOOD. Dock Banters Can Now Move jlbout in Iheir Canoei With Hands Free. ADDLTEEATIOX IN BDIX0S AIRES rwniTTEir roa the oispvron.1 Not long ago a list was published of the drinks favored by the great singers of modern times. Different wines were re garded by different vocalists as possessing desirable qualities and London stout was tbe prime favorite of a large number. A writer in a musical journal attaches as much importance to what singers eat as to what tbey drink, and as he has had a large experience in engaging singers for im portant tours in this country, his opinion is worth listening to. He says he never loses time in looking for a fine vocalist in a country where fish and meat diet prevail. He has found that vocal capacity disappears in families as they grow rich, because they eat more meat The Italians who eat the most fish (those of Naples and Genoa) have few fine singers among them. In Ireland the sweet voices are found in women of the country, but not of the towns. Norway is not a country of singers, because they eat too much fish; but Sweden is a country of grain and song. The car nivorous birds croak, grain-eating birds sing. t This is a very sweeping indictment, but it does not alter the fact that many of the best singers ot the day include a moderate quantity of meat in their daily bill of fare. Precept and practice, however, do not always go together. A reporter of a New Yor(c paper called on an eminent tenor one night at the Opera House for tbe purpose of ascertaining his views on the question whether or not Bmoking was injurious to the voice. The singer said he considered that smoking was a decidedly bad thing for the voice, aud having given this opinion he offered a cigarette to the reporter, and lit one lor himself. The Preservation of Wood. The great obstacle hitherto to the intro duction on a large scale of any process for the preservation of wood has been the low price of lumber, which has apparently made it cheaper to renew wooden structures than to build them of treated lumber. Whether this is real economy is now being questioned, and experience is showing that the treated lumber is the cheaper in the long run. In the most approved method of rendering lumber water and weather proof, it is carefully measured and its cubic con tents computed, alter which it is placed in a creosotmg cylinder. The doors of the cylinder are hermetically closed and the timber subjected to the influence of steam admitted directly to the cylin der, and of superheated steam passed through pipes placed for that purpose in the cylinder. During the steaming process the pores of the timber are opened, the fibres soltened, the moisture and sap are evaporated, and the albumen is coagu lated. The duration of the process depends upon the seasoning of the timber and the amonnt of oil to be injected; it is generally from 10 to 12 hours. When the steam is cut off, the vacum pump is started, and the evaporated moisture and sap are with drawn and discharged in condensed forni This takes about six hours, during which a vacuum of from 20 to 25 inches is produced in the cvlinder. The next step in the pro cess is the introduction of oil heated up to about 190 degrees into the cylinder. The quantity of oil that can be absorbed by each piece ot timber is accurately computed be forehand, and part of it is drawn into the cylinder by vacuum, and the rest is pumped in with a pressure pump. The cylinders are tested to a'pressuro of 225 pounds per square incb, and it generally requires from 150 to 160 pounds of pressure to force 16 pounds of oil into a cubic loot ot tbe timber. The oil, being thoroughly heated, is readily absorbed by the open pores from which tbe sap and moisture have been with drawn. While it penetrates to the heart of the wood, its heavy and tarrv part will re main near the outside and form an airtight coat around each piece. As soon as the charge is taken out of the cylinder the change in temperature will cause the wood to contract, and the outer fibers on the sides of the stick will close themselves altogether and retain whatever oil has been absorbed. As the pine oil formerly used did not effectually protect timber from the ravages of the teredo and other marine borers, it is now mixed with "dead" oil. Dead oil is composed of naphthaline and carbolic acid, and pine oil is made by combining paraffin, creosote and wood acids. A Eensib e Edict The intendente, or civil governor of the city of Buenos Ayres, finding that the death rate of the city was much higher than it should be, organized an investigation into the habits of life and tbe food of the inhabitants. He discovered that a great part of the sickness of the oity originated from the importation of articles so adulter ated ai to be injurious when used as human food. He has therefore issued a notice to merchants, shopkeepers and the public generally that the chemical analysis of every alimentary substance imported, manu factured or sold for consumption is obliga tory, and that the case, cask', bottle or wrapper, eta, containing the same must bear the seal of the chemical office. Mer chants are prohibited from printing on their label the certificate of the chemical office, the only authorized form of certifi cate being the seal obtained from the office itself. Slaking Silk Waterproof. A ready method of rendering silk water proof is to coat it with quick-drying linseed oil; but a more effective process owes its ef ficacy to the formation of an insoluble stearate ot aluminum in the material. This is accomplished by passing the silk succes sively through a bath ot aluminum sul phate of soap and water, then drying and calendering. For the first bath commercial alum cake dissolved m.ten times its weight ot water is used. The soap bath is pre pared by dissolving ordinary yellow soap in 30 times its weight of water, and this bath should be kept not while the goods are passing through it. The three vessels should be kept alongside of each other, and special care should be taken to have the fabric thoroughly soaked in the first bath. For materials ot white or light color a white soap should be used in the preparation of the soap solution. A New Propeller Launch. An enthusiastic sportsman has con structed a boat in the form of a canoe which can be propelled equally well by sail, oars or screw. The screw is worked by pedals, which a speed of 3 miles can be kept up for several hours. The boat is . said to be remarkably silent, and tbe mechanism, which is simple, is not .liable to breakage. Tbe position of tne occupant is very com fortable, and he can read or fish while work ing the pedals. The'boat is guaranteed to perform its evolutions with the greatest ease, and to move backward or forward at the will of the operator, besides turning about in an exceedingly limited space. The sportsman can conceal himself completely and fire with ease, as both of his hands arc entiroly free. When it is desired to use either oirs or all tbe sorew con be instantly tailed in the air. A History of the Great Explorer and How He Found America. ESPECIALLY FOR YOUNG PEOPLE. WEITTKU FOB THE DISPATCH BY L. H. WEEKS AND PAUL" LATZKE. f Copyrighted, ISM, by the Authors.! CHAPTER VL THE SEW WORLD IS DISCOVERED. It was a goodly country that Columbus and his followers looked upon when tbe morning ot the 12th oi October had dawned, and they were able to approach nearer to the shore. They saw a large level island covered with abundant and luxuriant veg etation. The trees were laden with fruit and a soft and balmy air blew from tbe shore. People were running about in the woods and on the beach and their actions indicated that they were surprised at the sudden appearauce'of the ships in the bay before them. As soon as it was light th: boats were manned and armed. Columbus had already given thanks to God for the favorable result of his voyage. Now he clad himself in shining armor and bright scarlet robes and carried the royal standard of Spain in his hands. The "two" Pinzons joined him in their boats each one handsomely attired and carrying the banner ot the enterprise. As soon as his boat grounded upon the shore Columbus leaped out, the first to put foot upon the new world. Keverently he dropped upon his knees, kissed the earth and with tears of joy pouring from his eyes again publicly acknowledged the gooduess ot God to him. Then he drew his sword and planting the staff of the royal banner upright upon the shore he took lormal possession of the new land in the name ot Ferdinand and Isabella. His action was witnessed and certified by the notaries, and he gave the nacne San Salvador to the island. His fol lowers were, now overwhelmed with ad miration for their captain. They crowded around him with every expression of grati tude and worshipful obedience. At once they forgot the longaVid anxious voyage and their own mutinous spirit, and they bound themselves anew with oaths of fealty to the Admiral and Viceroy in whose bands were now, they believed, lortune and fame for all. The island upon which this landing was made wos one of tbe Bahamas. The exact location has been disputed among historians and geographers. It is now generally 'accepted that Watling's Island, just south of Cat's Island, or the modern San Salva dor, was the site. There mast have been some feeling ot disappointment in the mind of Columbus over his discovery. He had expected to find the eastern side of Asia with populous and wealthy cities. He had even brought with him letters from the Spanish sovereigns to Prester John, who was believed to be a powerful ruler over a great part ot Asia. The wonderful stories of gold, silver, jewels and spices that were believed to surround the every day lite of the people of this new land had always been an incentive to him. Now all that greeted his eyes was a little island pleasant enough after a long sea voy age, but with no indications of wealth either in itself or in the appearance ot the naked people who were running about Still he thought he had reached the out skirts of India, and, therefore, he cave tbe name of Indians to the natives, a name that you know has clung to the aborigines of North America ever since. And it is worthy of note here that although Columbus continued his explorations for pearly 14 years he never got beyond tbe Bahamas and West Indies. Tbe belief that he had discovered Asia or even the islands of Cipango or Japan was in time dispelled from his mind. But he died without ever having seen or known of the great continent only 300 miles beyond the scene of his first great dis covery. But there was much to interest him in the new country and its people even, if he did not find exactly what be had expected. His description of the people was graphic. He wrote in his journal: All whom I saw were young, not abovo 3') vears of ane, well made, with fine snapes and faces; their hair 'short and coarse like that of a horse's tail, combed toward tho forehead, except a small portion wlilcli they sutfered to lianir down behind, and never cut. .Some paint tl)emelve with blank, which makes them appear like those of tho Canaries, neither black nor white: others with white, others with red, and others with such colors as they can find. Some paint the face, and some the whole bodv; others only the eyes, ana others the nose. Weapons they have none, nor are they acquainted with them: for I showed them swords which thoy grasped by tho blades, and cut them selves thiouzh iznorance. Thoy have no lion, their Jnvellns betnjr without It. and nothing- more than sticks, tnouuh some have fishbones or other thlnzs at the end. The v are nil of a ?ood size and stature, and handsomely formed. Thee natives were mild-mannered and they looked upon the newcomers with awe. They supposed that the ships were live monsters that had risen from the ocean dur ing the night or that had descended from Taking Possession. heaven upon wings. When they saw the Spaniards with their light complexions, fall beards, shining armor, splendid dress and gorgeous banners and the strange ceremo nies on shore, with the monks chanting, they were sure that these wonderlul beings must be spiritual visitors from above. They were terrified at first, but after awhile, see ing that no harm was coming to them, they beean to feel more at ease, and approaching the Spaniards fell down before them in adoration. Columbus made every efiort to gain the good will of the natives. He gave them red caps, glass beads, hawk's bells and other baubles, and received in exebauge fruit, parrots, cotton yarn and a few ornaments in gold. The Indians regarded the worthless things thai were given to them as priceless treasures, because from the hands of super natural beings, and the Spaniards took ad vantage of this to their own profit The first inquiry of Columbus was for (told. He received conflicting reports, but all that he heard conrinoed him that he had arrived near to mo mauuano, oi am, ana j. . f - 5M that a little to the south be should find the famous country told of by Marco, Polo, where the King lived In a gorceons palace covered with plates of gold and was served out ot vessels of solid gold. On the 14th of October he rowed about San Salvador in a boat, and finding the island unimportant, he set sail the same evening, carrying with him seven natives to learn the Spanish Ian guage and act as interpreters. He found the islands that are now called Concepciaa and E.tnma and others of lesser importance, but nowhere did he discover the longed-for gold. The appearance of the natives pleased him more and more and he continued to make them presents and to treat them kindlv so as to win their confidence! In this way the explorers got fruit and fresh food, and an abundance ot fresh water, and gained much information about tbe islands among which they were cruising. They were de lighted with all that tbey saw, and Colum bus wrote in his journal: The groves are marvelous, and everything Is green as In April in Audalusia. Tho sing ing of birds is such tli.it it eemsa3 If one would never de-ilre lo depart hence. There areflucks of parrots th.it obscure tbe sun, and oth;r hirds. large and smill, of so many kinds different from ours that it Is wonaerlul; and, besides, there are trees of thousand species, each having its particular fruit, and all of marvelous flavor. He also added that as he cama to one particular island "there came thence a fragrance so cood and soft of the flowers or trees of the land that It waa the sweetest thins in tha wor u. But all this, delightful as it was, brought them no nearer to their desires. They now heard of Colba and Bohio wonderful is land', full ot gold and spices and Co lumbus was sure that in this direction he should find the mainland of India, the wonderful city of Quinsai, or "The City of Heaven," as the name signified, and the Great Khan in his splendid place further on in the Province of Cathay. Deluded with these expectations, be set sail October24 and heading west southwest, he came in sight of Colba, the Cuba of to-day, on the morning of October 28. The appearance of this The Natives Assisted. island delighted him more than anything he had vet seen and seemed to holdfast,. promise that his pursuit of theeTusiv Cipango and Cathay was nearing an end. In tact, he concluded that this wa3 really tbe island Cipango, and he coasted west ward in search ot the magnificent city of the King. Here and there he wentashore and found indications of art and civiliza tion. After a few davs the information that be got from the Indians persuaded him that this was not after ail Cipango, but the mainland of Asia or India as he thought it, and that Mangi and Cathay and the Great Khan would be found only a short distance inland. He was still bound by the famous but imaginative map ot Toscanelll and the fanciful stories of Maeco Polo and everything he heard from the Indians he judged by these authorities So now be sent two ambassadors into the interior with Indian guides to make their way with presents and letters to the city of the powerful prince whom he supposed ruled here and whose favor they desired. In a few davs the ambassadors returned. Of course they found no great monarch and no maenificent city, but onlv a large village of 1.000 Indians and a chieftian who ruled the community. A generous reception was given to the visitors.but there were no signs of the gold, pearls and spices tbat were be ing sought Meantime Colnmbus had heard of Bohio or Babeque and when he found that Cuba was not the promised land of his dreams ha turned his ship's prow southeast He car ried with him several of the natives, mea and women to take back to Spain that they might learu the language, and he also hoped by malting them Christians to begin tho conversion of all these savages to the re ligion of the Cross. For several days ha sailed along the coast of Cuba, and on the 19ih of November was headed for Babeque. Here the Pinta suddenly deserted the fleet, but for over three weeks Colnmbus contin ued his explorations on the northwest coast of Cuba. On the 5th of December he saw far away to the southeast the mountains of an island that the Indians told him was Bohio, Thither he directed his course, and in the evening of the Gth of December he cast anchor in the harbor at tbe west end of the Island or Hayti. He named the harbor St Nicholas, and so it is called to this day. The experience of the explorers with the people of Hayti.or Hispaniola,as Columbua named it, was most agreeable. On Christmas evenme, 1192, the fleet met with a great misfortune. Through the neslcct oi the steersman in leaving a cabin boy in charge of the ship the Santa Maria was wrecked. The natives came to the as sistance of the mariners, entertained them gcnerouslv in the village of the island chieitan and helped them to save what they conld from the wreck. All things now de termined Columbus to abandon further ex plorations and return home. Only the Nina, small and unseiworthy, was left to carry back to Spain the news of the great discover!-. I wa3 necessary to leave some of the sailors behind and they, delighted witn the country and the hospitality of the natives, were quite willing to remain. Ac cordingly the fortress ot La Navidad was built near the present Haut du Cap on Hayti. The fortress was supplied with arms and ammunition, a boat from the wreck, seeds to sow and goods for traffic la order that gold might be secured during the Admiral's absence. On tbe 4th of January .those who were to go back bade a tearful adieu to their comrades. The same day the Pinta reappeared andPinzon explained that he had been separated from the fleet by stress ot weather. The two vessels joined company again, and finally sailed direct for Spain on the lGth of January. Tote continued next u-i Drove Her Many Miles. Isaac P. Monfort, au old gentleman who lives in Macomb, 111., still has the mare Nell that he drove all the way there in 1876, and he proposes driving her in the procession at tbe dedication ceremonies at the World's Fair in Chicago. He has owned her 30 years. and claims to bay driven her in that time about 44,000 tall bttwteaihaitJ, lSjg--gi--C s-? S ? ryu - 'JztikJ SEbuSbSS
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers