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10
THE PITTSBURG DISPATCH, SUNDAY, JULY 81. 1892.
either party ever authorized the tue of thli
money for the purpoje of purchasing
i otei. I know it ha olfen been charged in
partisan speeches and in the heat of tho
campaign, but I hare never teen any one
Mho possessed reliable information who
was billing to affirm the correctness of such
chorees.
IVhero the Money Goes to. .
Something of an idea of -where the money
poes can be obtained by running over the
disbursements of the Republican National
Committee in 1883. In this year $100,000
was spent in directing documents and circu
lating them. Another $100,000 was spent
on speakers and their expenses. In the
direction of Congressional contests $200,000
more was disbursed. "Wherever a Congres
sional district was close money would be
sent to the Republican candidate to be used
for the legitimate campaign purposes. These
campaign expenses comprise the hiring of
bands, the furnishing of uniforms for
societies, the paying of the cost of parades
and other things of a like character. Some
$200,000 more was disbursed in close States
like Sew Jersey, Indiana, Connecticut and
2few York. About S200.000 was spent at
the national headquarters lor maintaining
that office in first-class style and defraying
the cost of the campaign in the City of Sew
York.
A great many of the parades and proces
sions in New York are arranged and pre
pared by the two national committees. It
is an element in the campaign which really
counts tor very little. Of course, as aa
evidence of enthusiasm and interest snch
parades hare no value unless they are the
irsnlt of a spontaneous feeling of interest
amng party followers. Such parades,
however, cost money, and where the enthu
siasm is jiot sufficient to raise all the money
required the national committee generally
comes to the rescue.
Gottlnc Information From the Enemy.
Both national committees know nearly to
b penny the amount the other has. They
keep such a close watch on each other's
movements and there are so many small
chatterboxes employed around the com
mittees that it is" not at all difficult for the
chairmen to find out what the opposition is
doing. Indeed, half the energies ot the em
ployes of the committees appear to be de
voted to gossip and talk. The ideal chair
man never talks and is neverinterviewed in
the newspapers. He neither discloses his
hopes nor his fears. In this respect Sena
tor Quay was a model chairman. He kept his
plaus to himself and let thelesser lights of
the committee do the talking;
There is a great deal of work done in every
campaign by a National Committee which
is of a routine character and has no precep
tible cflect There is a tradition around
every political headquarters which favors
the circulation of documents. This circula
tion is stimulated by the demands of local
speakers. Undoubtedly these documents
have a decided value in furnishing argu
ments and authoritative statements of facts
to the speakers throughout the country. The
information conveyed by the publications
reaches tuc voters in a practical way only
through the speakers. Few people have
patience or interest sufficient to read politi
cal documents of any length. The publi
cations which have -had the greatest efiect
have been very brief paragraphs represent
ing great concentration ot facts upon one
sheet of paper.
Abnnt Ram, Romanism and Knbpllloa.
Sometimes a damaging extract from an
opponent's speech can be circulated with
cat effect by having it printed upon a little
d. The "Bum, Romanism aud Rebel-
i" of the ReT. Dr. Burchard, which was
1 so effectively in the Blaine campaign,
printed upon little cards and given out
aaroit agents to memDers ot various
olic congregations throughout the
ry as they came out of their churches
e Sunday preceding the election. There
no possible way of overcoming the
of these cards before Tuesday, the
ion day, had arrived.
the main, however, too much money is
on documents. Elaborate documents
rinted and sent out by the carload to
as sections of the country. The per-
. vanity of Senators and members of
gress has a good deal to do with swel-
. the bulk of these publications. A
lator o -member of Congress will often
"" . Congressfor the purpose
of iL.u-ncing the campaign. He will then
come to the National Committee afterward
and ask to have this speech circulated as
one of the committee's documents. This
request is nearly always acceded to to please
the member.
It is not customary to pay speakers for
their services in the campaign. It is usual,
however, to pay their expenses, and in
some special cases public men of sufficient
importance to be paid are given fees where
they cannot afford to leave their business
-without payment But in nearly every in
stance the payment becomes known and it
has a bad effect.
Xlicbener Will Cut a Fljrnre.
The campaign of this year will be prac
tically fought upon the same lines as the
one of fonr years ago. As each year shows
an increase in the amount of money em
ployed it ii estimated now that a million of
dollars will be needed by each side for cam
paign purposes. The battle this year will
be largely between two business organiza
tions represented by the two committees.
It is probable that the spirit of the Indiana
management which was so direct and suc
cessful in Minneapolis will control the Re
publican National Committee, even with
Mr. Carter, ot Montana, as chairman. It
will be remembered that General Michener,
who had charge of the Indiana delegation,
has often been mentioned in connection
with the coming campaign. He was the
directing spirit of the whole Republican
campaign at Minneapolis. General Mich
ener will be the President's representative
in the coming contest.
There is this much to be said for the In
diana politicians on both sides. They have
a great deal more courage, more energy and
iorce of character thau the average of the
politicians of any of the Eastern States.
They take an almost furious interest in
politics during Presidental years. The
men of that State are hardy, physical types.
They like campaigning. They will never
acknowledge defeat until the election is
over and the -otes are counted. I went
through the election campaign in that State
in 1831, and I do not remember ever hating
witnessed such scenes ot enthusiasm on
both Bides. They are verv hard fighters
and are extremely practical A campaign
conducted under Indiana management will,
therefore, be lacking in nothing in the di
rection of force and vigor.
TVliItnej's Influence on the Other Side.
Upon the other sidet whoever may be
chairman of the committee, the directing
mind will be that of W. a Whitney. Mr.
"Whitney is a man of great reserve power,
possessed of a thorough knowledge of the
world and one ot the most adroit of politi
cal managers. He knows the value of
coaxing instead ot driving. lie has un
limited resources at his command, and so
there is no reason to suppose that the Dem
ocrats will be any less provided with
money than the Republicans. Thus it may
be accepted in advance that it is to be a
fight of Western management, with the
President as a directing force behind it,
against Eastern management, with Mr.
"Whitney at the helm. It will be a war of a
Republican million against a Democratic
million.
The money raisd by the National Com
mittees does not represent all the moneys
employed in a PresMental campaign. The
various State committees rale money, but
nothing like the amounts collected by the
National committees. It is estimated, 'how
ever, that there is about a quarter as much
raised by them. The State committees are
always held up to do all that they can, and
in the richer States the National Committee
nearly always refuses to come to the relief
of State organizations unless there is an ab
solute necessity.
The fnnds collected by the National Com
mittees are disbursed to a great degree on
honor. There can be no public accounting
and there is generally no one authorizsd to
revise the disbursements. The side, that
wins is not anxious to inspect the accounts
and the side that is defeated has never
shown any anxiety to hold a post mortem
over the work of their National Committee.
Wumiker Kept His Ey on thi Cash.
In 1888 the Republicans had e. Finance
Committee for the purpose of raising funds.
Mr. "Wanamaksr was Chairman of this com
mittee. He himself inspected nearly all of
the disbursements ot the Republican Na
tional Committee. He was furnished1
vouchers and he -was repeatedly in at
tendance at the committee for the purpose
of making their inspection. This, however,
was unusual, nd may or may not be re
peated according to the requirements of the
situation. It is always, therefore, con
sidered of the first importance to both par
ties to select Chairmen whose reputation is
national and in whose integrity financial
men will have absolute confidence. This
is one of the reasons why it has been so often
considered best to have rich men at the
head ot the commiltees men whose fortunes
are large enough to place theni above all
suspicion of yielding to financial tempta
tion. "When MarshallJewell was Chairman of
the National Republican Committee his
splendid business reputation throughout
New England made it possible for the com
mittee to raise nearly all the money it
wanted in that one region alone. A mem
ber ot the committee of that period told me
that he raised in Boston iu one .day in
checks payable to the personal order of
Marshall Jewell 5170,000. These disburse
ments are guarded on both sides by the
principles which govern the best business
management. If such precaution were not
taken there would be great difficulty in ob
taining subscriptions. Rich Democrats and
Republicans are nearly always willing to
contribute during a Presidental campaign.
But they wish to be sure that the money is
to ue ejtpenucu ior pariy iuiu uuv jjeiouutu
purposes.
How Johnnie Davenport Spent 8120,000.
The item of personal expenses around a
national committee is always large. No
political agent ever walks during a cam
paign. Every worker who represents his
party at this time rides in a carriage as if it
were his first and last opportunity of exer
cising such a privilege. The item of car
riage hire is always a large one. On elec
tion days this amounts to extraordinary pro
portions. The Republicans had a special
fund for the employment of Mr. John Dav
enport for the purpose of inspecting elec
tions. Mr. Davenport's special election
bureau disbursed in the last campaign, ac
cording to his own testimony, $120,000.
This service is considered valuable from a
party standpoint, lor it hasbeen continued
lor a number of years and will probably be
continued in the future. Mr. Davenport
has no other visible occupation.
Of course, in the disbursement of these
large sums of money, and all upon honor,
some of it may not reach the channels for
which it was intended. But business men
generally have ways of finding out whether
they are being correctly served or not,
and in the main there are no personal
scandals connected with the disbursements
of either of the committees. Probably no
private business organization in the country
could do better with so large an amount of
money distributed through so many hands.
Ot course, there is great difficulty in super
vising these disbursements, but the interests
of both parties demand the employment of
the best men in the various communities.
Both parties watch each other too closely
lor any very great abuse of their power.
A Very Hard Berth to Fill.
The chairman of each committee declares
as a general thing the policy of the cam
paign. Back of him is always the candi
date, who is the real chieftain. Every
matter of supreme importance is submitted
to him before action is taken. The post of
director of these political organizations is
not a desirable one. lie is the ostensible
head and front of the political forces of his
side. He has to bear the brunt of nearly
all the criticisms and possible scandals of
local management.
The day of the campaign orator is pissing.
It is felt, particularly this year, that the
issues arc business ones nnd that sentimen
tal ones wifl not be considered. The side
that gives the best business reasons for suc
ceeding will capture the country. Manu
faiturers will contribute freely to the cam
paign funds to preserve the principle of
protection, and the wealthy importers of
New York will contribute with equal free
dom to the other side in the interests of free
trade.
What is the compensation for a Chairman
of a National Committee? He cannot re
ceive any pay for his services. He is
obliged to entirely give up his time for at
least six months. He lives in the midst of
confusion and riot The bulk of his.work
begins at a time in the summer when most
people are anxious to avoid extra exertion,
and from then on until the close of the
campaign he has hardly a moment he can
call his own. It is upon him that rests the
burden of raising money necessary for the
conduct of the campaign. People look to
him to heal all party differences, to smooth
down the ruffled feathers of disturbed per
sons! vanities.
Srlr-Interest at the Bottom of It.
In this country the civil service people
demand that practical politicians shall not
have too much to do with the management
of the party. In England the political cam
paigns are nearly always .conducted by offi
cials. I mention this only because it is sup
posed to be the ideal land of the civil ser
vice reformer. There is no campaign con
ducted in England that is not supervised
and controlled by the parties directly inter
ested. There are very few people'in this
country who hare the leisure or the means
which will enable them to devote their time
and attention to the cause of politics tor no
reward excels the gratification of a personal
ambition.
Such ambition may be stimulated by a
disinterested patriotism. But as the world
goes politics is managed, and always will be
managed, by the people who have a direct
interest. And without it campaigns in this
country could not be conducted. It is reas
onable to suppose that every Republican
and every Democrat who contributes a dol
lar to a campaign fund does so for the pur
pose of strengthening his political standing
in the community where he lives.
Mait liave a Ready Supply of Cash.
The chairmen must have good private
bank accounts. Often there is no money in
the treasury on account of failures to collect
or apathy upon the part of men who ordin
arily contribute. These contributions at
best are spasmodic, and often are made in
bulk only toward the latter part of the
campaign. Chairmen have sometimes ad
vanced upward of 5300,000 and $400,000
either from their own resources or through
pledges given by them. Often there is a
deficiency in the account at the close of the
campaign for expenses incurred at the last
moment and which were beyond the control
of the auditing officers of "the committees.
It is said upon good authority that B. F.
Jones had to mate up over $100,000 at" the
close of the Blaine campaign. He was un
able to make any collections after the cam
paign was over and had to bear the loss.
Chairman Bripe, who conducted Mr.
Cleveland's last campaign, had a much
larger deficiency than this to make up.
This deficiency'was between $400,000 and
$500,000. It is said that Mr. Brice paid this
out of his own pocket If he did it will
naturally explain his reluctance to take
hold of anoth'er campaign.
Politics, however, has a strange fascina
tion for active minded men. It after all
represents the science of human govern
ment Its possibilities of power and of
personal adrantage tempt nearly all men of
ambition. The result is that men can be
found who are willing to make these tre
mendous personal sacrifices of time and
money for the. purpose of making a name.
1 he Effect Upon Baslnesn.
One of the great elements of cost in a cam
paign is outside of any work ot the two com
mittees. This is in the check to business
during a Presidental year. Everything in
a business way is in an expectant Mate dur
inj?a campaign. The loss in this way wonld
foot up many millions.
However, the best men of both sides favor
these great political campaigns. They say
that it is a good thing to get the people
away from business every once in fonr years
and to make them think of other things. Iu
no other way would 93 per cent of our peo
ple learn anything about government or ad
ministration affairs. It is a lour years'
school crowded into one The outdoor
meetings are healthful and the parades are
good forms of exercise. All of the uproar
and contusion do no harm. The campaign
unsettles nothing in reality.
T. C. Cba-wtobix
THE KAISER'S WINES.
A Philadelphia Man is the Cupbearer
to Germany's Emperor.
CASKS WORTH MANY F0RTD5ES.
Juice
of tlio Grape That Was Pressed a
Century and a Half Ago.
ETKJUETTE IT THE E0YAL BOAKDS
0 CcoimrsposDEitci or the dispatch. 1
' Berlin, July 20.
HAT an American pre
sides over the wine cel
lars of His Imperial
Majesty of Germany
will surprise many bon
virants. -The same
American virtually
holds the important of
fice of Grand Echanson,
Mundschenk, as the of
fice is called in Germany, which the "Al
manac de Gotha" credits to some grand
seigneur of olden lineage.
His name is Jim Weigand and he is a
Philadelphian by birth. , He learned the
trade when in the employ of one of the
greatest wholesale liquor dealers of the
Quaker City, and 15 years ago emigrated to
Germany, where he took charge of
the cellars of a Berlin wine dealer.
His governorship over the Kaiser's cellars
began almost simultaneously with the reign
of "William IX, who, it seems,'' had a special
grudge against his grandfather's cellar
master and would not rest until he hadone
of his own making. Even while the pre
parations for the funeral of poor Emperor
Frederick were going on Herr "Weigand was
commanded to appear before the Grand
Chamberlain, who offered him his present
post, that carries with it a salary almost if
not quite equal to its great responsibilities.
He Is Almost n Grrman Jiow.
All this the Royal Keller Meister told me
when-1 called on him some time ago at his
"Comtor," under the left wing of the
Schloss, where most of the household offices
are located. "Weigand is a tall, stout man,
with a florid complexion, who wears his
beard after the order of all royal servants
coming into personal contact with their
majesties that is, closely cropped at the
sides, no mustache and the chin cleanly
shaven. He has almost forgotten his
English by his long residence in Germany,
and even when talking to Americans fre
quently dro ps into German.
'I have little use for my native tongue at
this Court," he said apologetically, "tor we
have only few English visitors. When for
eign princes are present orders at the table
are given in French; otherwise the German
language prevails."
Referring to the meeting between the Czar
and the Kaiser at Kiel, which Herr Wei
gand had attended in his official capacity,
and from which at the time of this interview
he had just returned, I asked: "The Czar and
his naval officers, do they not speak
English?"
"No," lie said, "at the dinner at the castle
at Kiel His Russian Majesty conversed in
French with our Kaiser, and so did the
gentlemen of his suite among themselves.
Indeed, I learned from his servants that the
Czar detests English and that he considers
it one of the drawbacks of the annual family
meetings at Fredensburg that, while there
he is obliged to converse with his relatives
exclusively in English, according' to the
wishes ot Queen Louise."
Chalice of the First Hohenzollern.
The kellermeister's office is a small, semi
underground apartment, connected with
the cellars proper by heavy iron doors. Its
whitewashed walls are of enormous thick
ness. Cupboards with glass doors run along
the .walls on all sides, coutaining samples
of the table glassware in use at the many
royal castles and phooting boxes. On the
low desk in the middle of Vne room the day
I visited the office stood a champagne glass
that had just arrived from the Bohemian
Crystal Works. Its outlines were of an
tique gracefulness and heavily ornamented
with gold. On the chalice part the mono
gram of Frederick I, King of Prussia (he
who created 1,400 grand and petty court
offices), stood out in bold relief! The
chalice rested on small, clear cut crystal
rocks -and a broad, richly ornamented foot
"This glass," said the cellar master, "is
an exact counterpart of one designed and
used by the first royal Hohenzollern. Tne
Kaiser has ordered hundreds of dozens of
that pattern for the 'New Palace' iu Pots
dam. Theyaretobe placed regularly on
their majesties' table. Any servant break
ing one of these glasses will be fined 10
marks that is the actual cost of manufact
ure and ornamentation. The crystal is not
being charged tor. We are obliged to make
this rule in order to check the carelessness
of hired waiters whom we engage for the
great festivals whenever our staff proves
insufficient These meu seem to have an
idea that the royal master rather enjoys
seeing his things smashed, becante, they
argue, it must give him pleasure to issue
orders ior their replacement"
The Bookkeeping of the Cellar.
Herr Weigand showed me the royal entry
books in w hich all the wines and spirits
under his charge r.reduly registered, giving
the minutest'dates of vintage) the names of
firm's from whom they have been purchased,
together with the prices paid, or the names
and titles of persons nnd corporations who,
at one time or another, contributed to the
cellars more or less valuable gifts. These
books date from the time of Frederick the
Great, whose thrifty nature first suggested
this system of checking the dainty appetite
or dishonesty, as the case might be, of his
servants, high or low.
The cellars which we next inspected are
built in the form of the letter L, the short
arm being directly under that part of the
palace fronting on the new Vegas fountain.
where the imperial family lives during the
winter months. They cover a space of 350
feet and have low ceilings, but are well
ventilated, although without windows or
other openings in the long stretch of walls.
Light is provided by gas jets hanging from
the inner roof at intervals sf ten leet.
The first 100 feet of the main cellar has
been appropriated for the storage of the
highest-priced and rarest wines and spir
its, each vintage having a separate com
partment let into the enormous thickness of
the walls. These compartments are divided
into bins and gnarded by an iron grated
door, which bears a black tin sign giving
the minutest information as to the name,
age, price and number of bottles stored.
Worth Forty Mark a Bottle.
There are wines from all countries and
hemispheres, some of incalculable value, all
worthy of being placed on the tables of the
richest gourmet of the age. I gazed with
awe at mountains of bottled "Steinberger
Cabinet," whose original price was 40 marks
a bottle, and which could not be duplicated
nowadays it the cellars of all the connois
seurs in Europe were ransacked.
Minister Phelps, in Berlin, has, I believe,
a few bottles ot the same vintage, which he
secured for the special benefit of Prince
Bismarck, who at one time was a frequent
visitor at the legation. Another compart
ment contained 5,000 bottles of Schloss
Johannisberger, another enough Leibfrau
milch to float a pleasure yacht The divi
sions for Spanisn, Portuguese and Italian
wines were equally well provided, but the
dust on the bottles and the faded and rag
ged appearance of the labels proved that
these treasures are seldom disclosed.
The cellar master told me the Kaiser
never partakes of these rich wines. They
are only inc.uded in the menu when foreign
visitors are at court On one of the upper
shelves in the Portuguese department I dis
covered a tin sign that would make an En
glish lord of the good olden times burst with
envy. It conveyed the fo llowing cheering
intelligence:
Century and a Half Old.
These 200 flasks of superior port are a J
5 resent of Bis Portuguese, Majestr King
bhanqes.Y. to King Frederick William L,
A. D. 1736."
Nearby is a small, heavily barred recess
labeled, "Souvenirs taken from the Sans
Souci cellars after the death of King
Frederick the Great"
Herr Weigand opened the door, lit a gas
jet and revealed six shelves, loaded down
with bottles of all sizes. There were Cognacs
of the year 1760, Madeiras, Malagas and
Burgundy of still greater age,but no German
wines ot any kind.
On a little corner shelf I observed half a
dozen small flasks, bearing the royal mono
gram composed of the letters "F. It." and
containing yellowish liquid. Tbcy looked
more like medicine, bottles than anything
else.
"These are the last of the great king's
stores of the real Tokay wine," explained
the cellar master, "preserved in the original
flnsfcs as 'Old Fritz' used to have them on
his table. They hold scarcely half a pint,
but their contents were most precious. Ac
cording to the rules of the Berlin court of
to-day no bottles or dishes of any kind are
allowed on the tables the food and drinka
bles are served to the participants of the
royal feast by the pages or lackeys on plates
and in glasses. The wine is handled in the
original bottles, not in crystal carafes, as is
customary in some courts; the bottles are
not labeled, but neatly wrapped in a nap
kin. Duties of the Emperor's Cupbearer.
"It is my duty to provide the various
wines and liquors from the cellars accord
ing to the menu. Eich kind receives a
number and is served in the order given.
But few of the lackeys know which sort
they are dispensing."
"Is the office of mundschenk or cupbearer
still actually exercised by a grand officer of
the court?" I asked.
"The quaint old custom has long been
abandoned, and the once highly prized duty
to serve the sovereign with wine and spirits
resolved upon the humble cellarmaster,"
answered mv.iriend. "I wait personally
on their majesties and their royal guests,
aud follow in the suite of the Kaiser wher
ever he travels. Of all the royal castles
those of Berlin and Potsdam alone possess a
well-stocked wine cellar. If His Majesty
visits Hanover, Cassel, Breslau or Kiel,
where he has official residences, I precede
him with the full complement of drink
ables that may be required."
We had now proceeded to the end of the
main cellar and turned to the right into the
domains of Bordeaux and Burgundy wines,
where 120 casks filled with the stuff that
cheers and also inebriates were reclining on
oalcen horses, gray with age and cobwebs.
Like the iron-grated doors, each barrel was
fully ticketed, and some of them bore birth
certificates from the time of the "Wars of
Liberation," at the beginning of this cen
tury. Fine Wine Paid for In Blood.
"When I came into office we still had a
dozen casks of Burgundy wines and clarets,
procured by order of Frederick the Great,
in stock," said the cellarmaster. "Only
last week we finished bottling the lost of
these old timers. The wine has a wonder
iul aroma. You ask what is it worth a bot
tle. Who can tell? Frederick paid for it
in blood during the Seven Years War, I un
derstand. It was exacted as tribute some
where on Saxon territory at Auerbach's
Keller, in Leipsic, perhaps. The compound
interest on its original value that has been
accruing all these years must represent an
enormous fortune."
In a sort of side wing to the Bordeaux
cellar the Rhine and Moselle wines of the
royal house are stored in the wood. There
are onlv' three large barrels, labelled re
spectfully "GO.OOO marks," "50,000 marks"
aud "45,000 marks," which indicate the
prices paid for them. They will not be
named until fully matured.
"Is it true that the Kaiser partakes only
ot German champagne
The cellarmaster smiled and opened a
huge door leading to another extensive hole
in the wall, as he replied: 'There are 8,000
bottles of Heidsieck royal here and 30,000
of the same kind are always kept in store
for the royal cellars by the firm manufactur
ing it It is a special brand of superb
quality and the wholesale price is 8 marks
a bottle. The Kaiser prefers it to all other
champagnes and it is always put on His
Majesty's table. German champagne is
only served at the beginning of dinner, with
the'soup and oysters, but never at dessert
Muller Mousse'ux's is the German brand we
use; the story that the Kaiser favors it to
the exclusion of French champagne and
forces his guests to drink it is absurd."
"Will Become Dead Soldiers.
The noblearmy of 8,000 bottles was built
up high against the nail, and as the gas
light fell on their shiny necks and bodies
they looked like so many huge Ink bottles.
being unlabled and unsealed, "ready tor the
ice." as the cellarmaster put it
The royal liquor department is, of course,
well stocked with all the known brands of
cognacs, brandies and whiskies, among them
a shelf full of American whisky furnished to
the Kaiser at the rate of $2 per bottle. Ja
maica rum seems "to have been a favorite
tipple of many of the earlier Hohenzollerns,
for there are dozens of shelves containing
lots of dusty and cobwebbed bottles ticketed
from the middle of the last and the begin
ning of the present century.
"The Kaiser drinks American whisky oc
casionally," explained the cellarmaster,
"but of "all spirits favors cherry brandy.
His Majesty never tastes of liquors, though,
as you see, we are well provided with sam
ples of all original brands," and Mr.
AVeigand opened another iron door that
disclosed an alluring prospective of many
shelves stocked with Chartreuses, Benedict
ines, etc.
"This is our Persian department," said
the cellar master, pointing to a number of
big-bellied glass jugs with small, snout-like
necks. "The Shan presented them to His
Majesty last year. They are said to con
tain some excellent Teheran wine, but have
not yet been opened. There was no call for
them, so ar.
Wines From California Vineyards.
"Here we have our Catawba wine and red
California wines," he continued, "also pres
ents to His Majesty, and there, last but not
least, is a cask of wine that has lately ar
rived from Jerusalem Palestine burgundy,
as they call it sacrilegiously."
After we got through inspecting the cel
lars Mr. Weigand conducted me through the
rooms where the table glassware for use at
royal banquets is kept There are 12 dif
ferent kinds of wine and champagne glasses,
each set containing 1,000 pieces. In the
cupboards along the walls samples of the
table glassware in nse at the royal castles
in the provinces are kept Some of them
are of the very quaint patterns in vogne
during the latter half of the eighteenth
century.
The Coblentz castle, where the late
Empress Augusta resided for so many years,
lias by far the most beautiful collection.
The glass is of a bluish tint and extreme
thinness.
From a royal lackey I obtained a menu
card used by the Kaiser at the "meet" in
the Gohrde bnnting grounds on December
6, 1890, when a distinguished party of
Princes and Generals attended him. On the
back of the card is a drawing of a piece of
anuiery, uuuc iu pencil uy ine .emperor
for the benefit of the officers breakfasting
with him. I "have shown the drawin? to
some officers of the general staff in Berlin,"
wno ior paipaoie reasons aecune to discuss
its meaning or purpose. F. G.
Excursion Tia the Picaresque B,
o.
K. It.
To Atlantic City via Washington, Baltimore
and Philadelphia, on Thursday, August 11.
89i Kate, $10 the round trip, '.Tickets good
for 12 days irom day of sale, and good to
stop off at Washington City returning.
Trains with Pullman parlor and sleeping
cars will leave B. & O. depot, Pittsburg', at 8
A. u. and 9 20 T. JC. T
ior detailed information address or apply
to E. D. &HITH,
, Division Passenger Agent,
Corner Fifth avenue and Wood street,
Pittsburg, Pa.
It Ism!s Them AIL r '
For the past 49 years Llppencott's Nectar
lias stood at the head of the list of pure
liquors, and has no equal. Connoisseurs
choose it and physicians recommend It lor
all medical purpose'.
TJ. E. Lrrrra-coTT & Co.,
BIS Liberty street, Pittsburg.
THEWAGESIN10ND0K
General Secretary Qnelch Says Seven
Dollars a Week Is Prime Pay.
SOME ABLE. TO EARN ONLY $2 50.
Ilis labor leader Confesses He Does
Enoir How They 1-iye.
Not
PRICES FOE THE PLAINEST FOODS
fCOHBISPONDENCE OF TOT DISPATCH.l
London-, July 22. "It's about five min
utes' walk, sir." That's the distance it is
to almost any place in London, judging
from the uniformity with which this reply
is given to one's inquiries, and this was the
time which we were told at London Bridge
would "about" bring us to the headquarters
of the Southslde Labor Protection League
in Bermpndsey Wall. Our course led us in
front of the large warehouses of Armour &
Col, and we could not help reflecting as we
looked at this alien establishment how de
pendent are the millions of this vast metrop
olis for some of the very cheapest of their
necessaries upon the superior resources and
mercantile enterprise of the United States.
Further along we passed an extensive
stretch of model tenements. The Hanover
buildings, as these are called, cover sev
eral, blocks, and in a locality where
the struggle ' for subsistence is so hard
and the houses generally are so poor,
they are a delightful innovation and a
bright augury of what London's future may
possibly be. Our satisfaction at this sight
was somewhat marred, however, by the
query, so rife just now, as to what becomes,
in this rehousing process, of those who are
unhoused and sent adrift with no shelter
over their heads. It is not the very poor
who live in model tenements. Low as the
rent is comparatively, it is quite too high
for those 300,000 of the toilers in this city
whose earnings per family, as statisticians
tell us, are less than $4 50 a weeki We
thought, too, of what the Archbishop of
Canterbury had just said on this subject,
viz., that, as regards the housing of the
poor, "while the present Btate of things was
a great improvement on the past, it was still
a fearful scandal."
Quarters of the Protective Iieaciir.
With reflections like these, stimulated by
a moderate use of out legs, we easily con
sumed the allotted fire minutes. In fact 15
minutes had gone, and another inquiry as
to our destination brought the response,,!
which did not at all surprise us, that it was
still "about five minutes' walk, sir." Cut
this time we knew that the proverbial esti
mate of Londoners as to distances could not
be far out because we found ourselves now
in the midst of the Granaries where those
are employed whose condition was the
special object of our investigations. The
office of the Labor League, we had been
told, was at the "Old Justice," a name
which, though not inappropriate to a cam
paign in the interests of down-trodden
labor, was still too suggestive of a public
house to be quite to our liking. Fortun
ately, however, these suspicions, like many
others that we are all too fond of indulging,
proved to be groundless. The "Old Jus
tice" was indeed a public, but we were
happy to find that the name was used by the
Labor League simply as a convenient ad
dress, and that although the office adjoined
the drinking place, it was neither in it nor
of it
The gentleman we sought was the Gen
eral Secretary of the League, Mr. H.
Quelch. From the position he filled, and
from the fact that, besides being a constant
writer on social economy, lie had been
twice called to testify as a specialist before
the Royal Commission on Labor, we felt
sure that Mr. Quelch could give us reliable
information, if he would, and we were not
disappointed. He was extremely courteous,
and as ready to impart facts as the clouds
are to distil rain in this latitude. His last
appearance before Her Majesty's Commis
sion occurred onlv a'few days ago, and was
made in the special interest of the 4,000
laborers at the Woolwich Arsenal.
Indifference Toward Government Employes
Referring to his testimony bofore that
body be said that one of the grievances he
had ventilated was the heartless indifference
of the Government to the unfortunate
among its employes. It was uncommon
for those working at the arsenal to meet
with accidents, and some of these were
fatal. Yet, when a collection was taken in
behalf of those left in dependence and pov
erty by such an accident, he had never
known an instance in which the Govern
ment had made any contribution toward
such a fund. As to the wages paid these 4,000
laborers who were in the direct employ of
the British Government, they would aver
age, he thought, less than five dollars a
week for 54 hours of work. This, of course,
is for common, not for skilled labor. A fair
wage, he thought, in present conditions,
would be at the uniform rate of about 57 50.
This he has urged upon Her Majesty's
Commissioners, and he had also pleaded
againt the favoritism which pays some men
less than others though they do the same
work and as much of it, as well as against
other discriminating and tyrannical prac
tices.
The conduct of the foremen in the ar
senal was especially rcproDated. These
men, clothed with a "little brief authority,
air it over their subordinates like full
Hedged lords, and take advantage of them
in the most arbitrary way. And how
thoroughly English is this. From Her
Majesty down to thejiumblest subject, it is
quite the fashion over here for people to
"air it," as the saying is, over somebody
else whom they hold to be a little beneath
them. They all do it; it is the inevitable re
sult of that system, which makes caste here
as odious and almost as oppressive a thing
as in India.
The Low -Rages of tho Dockers.
The last observations are my own, noj
those of Mj. Quelch. That gentleman gave
facts only on tuis great question, leaving
the philosophy, if any should be required,
to your correspondent. His strong forte
was the condition of labor among those
known by the general name of. dockers.
There were various grades of these. The
general laborer about the wharves he would
put, as to wages, in the lowest class. These
were nearly all what are called casual
workers, and though, under the new rules,
the standard wage was sixpence an hour,
with an increase ior overtime, yet, so irreg
ular was their employment that he could
hardly conceive them to average more than
?2 60 a week. The, stevedores, who were
occupied solely in loading vessels, and
whose labor was in a certain sense that of
skilled workmen, got eightpence an hour;
but these also were only irregularly em
ployed, and though the rate for overtime
was as high as a shilling an hour, yet their
average weeKly earnings were much less
than might De supposed. A sort ot nyond
betwixt these two classes were what were
known as steamship workers, whose occupa
tion was mainly in discharging cargo on
the Thames, and these were paid sevenpence
an hour.
What are called grainmen are a class by
themselves. There are about 3,000 of these.
As their name would indicate they were the
men who" in Bermondsey and 'elsewhere
handled the corn which came to this port.
Many of them we had .seen at their work iu
our search for the headquarters ot the South
side Labor League. The casuals, Mr.
Quelch said, were supposed to get 5 shllings
and tenpeuce for a day of 12 hours. But
those most in favor, and w hose position.
was the best, were the regulars, who got,
for the same hours per day, a weekly wage
of 30 shillings, which would be $7-50.
An AvFTace of Seven Dollar a Week.
Mr, Quelch was carefnl to assure as that
for labor in London 30 shillings a week was
prime pay, and that those who got it were
the envy of thousands unon thousands who
had to struggle through existence upon a
weekly wage compared to which that sum
was almost princely. Taking all branches
into the estimate and leaving out the vast
multitude of the unemployed, his judgment
would be, he said, that labor was paid in
London something like an average of 23
shillings for a week of, say CO hoars. In
evitably, though, in the very short days of
the English winter, the average pay would
be considerably below that estimate. With
special reference to those who, in the im
mediate locality ot our interview, were en
gaged in loading and discharging grain, and
whose nominal pay was at the rate of five and
tenpence a day for casuals, and 30 shillings a
week for regulars, these figures, he said,
might mislead. . The work of the casuals
was so very precarious that he seriously
questioned if, taking the earnings of these
and the regulars together, and striking an
average, the weekly earnings for each man
would be much more than 10 shillings the
small pittance of $2 50.
At this point the question was naturally
put, "How do they live on such earnings?"
"That," said our courteous ahd sympa
thetic informant, "they could hardly tell
themseives."
To the suggestion that possibly some of
them would find a home in the model tene
ments nearby, the reply was, "Cot many;
perhaps none in the Hanover buildings.
Those are occupied by people in a better
station, like clerks and artisans. But in
the Wolsey buildings, where two rooms
can be bad for abont five shillings a week,
you might find a few, though only a few."
Tbe Kent Is Half I ho Mace.
Most of the casuals, he said, had only
themselves to look after, and these would
find shelter for tbe night in cheap lodging
houses and cook' their own meals as best
they could. Those having families would
be found in the small houses round about
The house would have four rooms, with a
scullery, and a small room over that in ad
dition. For this the rent would be 2 75 or
3 a week. The financial stress in such
cases' would oltcn be relieved a little, he
said, by the renting out of the upstairs
part to lodges, or, perhaps, to a small
family, aud it would also not infrequently
happen that the wife would be earning a
trine Dy sacK mating.
We were curious to learn if the large
class ot toilers lor whom this gentleman
spoke, and for whose welfare he was work
ing, got enough to eat Some did not, he
said, but they took that sort of thing as a
matter of course. The problem of how
they mode both ends meet he gave up in
despair. He lived among them, depended
upon the same markets, traded at the same
shops and knew from experience at least,
his wife did, which was just the same
what they had to pay for the necessaries of
life. Coal at the present time (summer
price) was Is 3d a hundred-weight, which
would be at the rate of 55 75 a ton. Such
meat as was on the market in that locality
would cost 6d or Sd a pound. It would not
be extra good at 6d, yet there were scraps,
or "block ornaments," as they were called
among the poor of London, which could be
picked up for even less than that Flour
they did not buy, and their bread cost 4d
and 5d a quartern loaf (3 pounds). The
poor apology for butter winch they were
glad to put up with cost 20 cents a "pound.
Tea was cheap, costing from Is a pound to
Is 6d, and bacon they might get at all
prices, from 10 cents a pound such as it
was up to 20 cents.
He II Kd Heard About Homestead.
These are a few of the facts so courteously
imparted by the General Secretary of the
South Side Labor League. This is how it
fares with the toilers' in London's docks
three years after the triumphs, so-called, of
the great dockers' strike of 1880. And
what is still worsj, we are led to believe
this is a lair sample ot what' life means to
the laboring classes of Loudon taken as a
whole. Surely, men ot the stamp and spirit
of our kind informant, who are giving their
lives to the work of bettering such condi
tions, are worthy to be lauded by honest
laborers, and honest men of all classes, the
w orld over. Personally, I looked upon Mr.
Quelch with profound admiration, and
when, as we walked together from his of
fice, he spoke of the peculiar discourage
ments attending such work, my deepest
sympathies were stirred.
It was by no means a surprise that he
broke in upon our inquiries about tbe labor
ing classes of. London with some playful
remark respecting current disturbances in
tbe labor market in America. That we
quite expected. Mr. Quelch is an English
man, and the people over here, we find,
whether representing labor or capital, are
not at all backward in reminding the visit
ing American of such occurrences as these.
But this Englishman, in the final judgment
he expressed, was fairer than his country
men usually are, for he frankly admitted
that, from what he knew of the situation in
the two countries, the American workman
had a decided advantage over the British,
both in regard to the wages he received and
the comlorts ot lite tailing to his lot.
HENEr TUCKLET.
"Workmen, Help Your TJrottien.
The unfortunate circumstances, in which
many of tho locked-out workmen at Home
stead are placed, command tho sympathy
of nil, especially that of their fellow work
men in this country. Yon cm now expreii
your sympathy iu a piactlcal manner and lit
the same time benefit yoursclvei by taking
advantage of the S per cent roller sale in
augurated by Sallei's. Tho following letter
explain our position. If you wish lurcher
information call at our store, corner Smith
field and Diamond.
PmsBtmo, July 20, 1S91
Mr, SI. Sailer, Esq. I
Dear Sm Your favor of to-day in which
you offer to set aside a liberal percent of the
gross nmount of your sales," beginning Mon
day, August 1 and ending Saturday night,
Augusts, ior the benefit of the locked-out
wmkuien, is hereby acknowledged.
In reply, I desire to say that in uoceptlng
your gencrouD proffer of aid on belmlfof
tho-e wno are engased in this struggle for
the existence of organized labor and those
w ho have been bereft of loving support In
the recent sad experience at Homestead, I
can convey to you more fully than words
can express thelrapnreclntloiiof yournoblo
effort nnd liberal hand. With many thanks
for your Liudnei, Iain
Youis very respectfully,
William Weiux.
C. M. B. A. Reunion at Allqalppa on To
Morrow, An;nst 1.
To-morrow will be the fifth annual reunion
of the C. ii. B. A. in this county. Thcro are
now 47 branches located in this vicinity,
with n membership or .0OD. It is expected
tnat fully 25,000 people will be at there
union. Special railioad rates have been
made from New Castle, ConnellsvUle, Union
town, McKcesDOrt and other points. Every
detail has been arranged tor the entertain
ment of their liienas. Four bands have
been engiged for the occasion.
A special train for the clergy will leave at
10:30.
The Reception Committee, under tho
chairmanship of B. E-inb, of Brancn 36. will
sea that eacli ono enjoys tlieuiselves. The
two largo danclnz platforms "ill be in
charge or the following committee:
21. L. Hone, Chairman; Jnines Marks, P. A.
Golden, 1. J. O'Hunl.tn, Jos.. M. Gardner,
Harry Anderson, Kd .Mnginn.Dave JJcUarry,
r. K Sawders, D. W. Higgins, Win. Welse, 1".
H. Chirk, Geo. A. Schott. Chas. scuuff. Theo.
Wieumn, Ji S. Geary, J. A. Uiley, Jas. P.
Jlahme, Tims. Greed, S. V. Median. Thos.
Gnllagher. Thos. II. Conlev. 3Ilch lei Guy, A.
L Flood, Will Mc.lamphy."Xft!l O'Donnell, A.
C. Hughes. John Cnrfeton, F. J. Hepp. P. J.
Jluellln, Johf Giifliu. AViu. Kelly, Huury
Werrhs, Chas. Selgworth.
Excursion
Via tho riciaresqae
B. & O.
K. K.
To Atlantic City vin, Washington, Baltimore
and Philadelphia, on Tluirsdty, August 11.
1S92. Kate, $10 tho round trip. Tickets good
lor 12 days Irom day ot sale, and good to
stop on at Washington City returning.
Trains v,lth Pullman parlor and sleeping
caw will leave B. & O. depot, Pittsburg, at 8
a. M. and 9.20 r. x.
For detailed luiormation address or apply
to E. D. Smith,
Division Passenger A ient.
Corner Filth avenue aud Wood street,
Pittsburg, Pa.
Have You a Vacant Boom
And wish a tenant for it: Then do as
hundredsof others have done advertise It in
the To Let Booms Cent-a-Woid advertising
columns of The Dispatch.
"A Penny Snvwl It a Penny Earned."
Deposit your money with the Peoples Sav
ings Bank, 81 Fourth avenue. Interest al
io ned on deposits.
D Witt's Little Early Blsers. So grlpin?
no pain, no nausea: easy pUl to take.
JOCW ADTJCRTISEsULNTS.
THE LARGEST AND LUDING MILLINERY BOOSE IN WEST. PEEL
A Midsummer
Night's Dream, Get
tin? Baked, on an
Ice Floe, "Would Be
Bather a Pleasant
Experience
Recklessly
These
Warm
Nights! But, of One
Thinsr We Never
L
jkpg4
I
Well, yes, Old Sol's had a pretty high old time roasting us poor, long
suffering, terrestrial mortals during the past week or so. Sorry we can't
give you even an approximate idea of when this parboiling, 'humanity-sweltering,
sizzling carnival'll call a halt for five minutes or so for refreshments.
True, we're not visited very often by his Solar Majesty in such regal,blister
ing, burning, despotic state. But when he dons his royal pyrotechnic
robes, evidently he is here for business and business only, and he seems to
understand it thoroughly, too. Under this ordeal of magnificent solar
superiority we've got some consolation to offer. Come to our cheerful,
bright, airy, brilliant stores and there bask in the sunshine of first-class
merchandise, thousands of different kinds, both useful and ornamental, and
all at prices that none can compare with and few even dare to imitate.
This, we think, will counteract to a great extent the scorching rays of
Old Sol.
INC
E
A little soon, possibly, to talk Xmas; still of sufficient interest, we
think, for both old and young, to justify us in taking a passing glance at
what is transpiring across the pond, to the end that we'll have the Biggest,
Gran dest, Best Xmas Exposition ever inaugurated in Pittsburg.
Our Mr. Danziger is in Europe at present and has been visiting all the
principal manufacturing centers for Toys, Novelties, Dolls and fancy goods
generally, Austria, Germany, Switzerland, France, England, etc All
these countries will contribute to the most gorgeous Xmas Toy and Fancy
Goods Fair ever attempted outside of New York.
HANDKERCHIEFS Al CEIEFS CAPS.
Regular Trade Inducers They Be.
Children's Real Pretty Colored Border Hemstitched 12c Handker
chiefs, pure linen at that, too, How for 5c Each
Ladies' Elegantly Embroidered, Nicely Hemstitched and very preHily
scalloped edge, 40'c Handkerchiefs Now for 19c Each
Gents' 1 8c Plain White and Beautiful Colored Border Hemstitched
Handkerchiefs Now for IOC Each
Children's Lovely Corded and very Handsomely Embroidered 50c Caps
Now for 24c Each
Children's Nice, Comfortable 50c Sun Hats, both white.and colored,
Now for 24c Each
Children's Exquisitely Rich and Stylishly Beautiful $1.50 Silk Hats
Now for 74c Each
US FufflSHIGS AND LADIES' MWM
Undoubted, Seasonable Money Savers.
Men's 1.50 Fine Outing Shirts in all the latest styles of fashion, weave
and material, Now for 99c Each
An Exceptionally Interesting Lot of 2 Imported Madras Shirts
How for $1.49 Each
Then there's a peculiarly nice range of $1.50 and $1.75 Fine Madras
Shirts, starched collars and culls, NOW for 99c and $1.35 Each
A lot of Heavy Muslin, prettily and fancifully trimmed, 75c Night
Shirts Nowfor 49c Each
$ 1. 50 feather-weight beautifully fashioned and finished French Cam
bric Night Shirts Now for 89c Each
Then there's the $2 Finer French Cambric Night Shirts, richly and
artistically embroidered with silk, Now for $1.24 Each
Ladies' 50c and 60c very fins Ribbed Vests, just the thing for warm
weather, Now for 24c and 35c Each
Ladies' fine f nd exceedingly comfortable 75c Lisle Vests, all marked
to sell Nov for 49 d Each
Ladies' very serviceable, fine Balbriggan and Gauze Vests
Now for 39 c Each
Tie HosieiT Mm Are Floatii Emily Ii l Mm
O'er liaii ot Go! Ms at Loi Prte
100 dozen Ladies' Hose 20c stockings fast black boots and pretty
fancy tops, Now for I2c a Pair
An exceptionally excellent lot of Ladies 40c Fast Black Hose, double
sole, heel and toe, Now for 24c a Pair
A powerfully attractive lot Ladies' 75c Fast Black Lisle Hose, either
plain or fanc.y, Now for 49c a Pair
An extremely nice lot Ladies' $1 Opera Length Hose, fast color, either
fancy or plain black, Now for 49c a Pair
Children's 30c Fast Black Hose, and they come in both plain or
ribbed s8 j, Now for 19c a Pair
Children's 50c Stockings, an extra good 50c hose, they've got double
knees, heels and toes, . NOW for 24c a Pair
Misses' very rich Black Silk 75c Hose, sizes 5j to 84,
Now for 49c a Pair
Gents' 45c Sox, solid colors and seamless, Now for 24c a Pair
Men's 25c British Sox, no better stocking for wear made than this,
Now for 14c a Pair
An awfully choice lot of really pretty fancy stripe and solid color 50c
Lisle Sox Now for 24c a Pair
Curtains. Bed Spreads, Etc. The Most Commendable Goods
in the Market To-Day for the Money.
Fine large size 52, $3 50. $3, H and 54 TO Nnttinsham Lace Curtains
Now for OOc, $1.24. $1.49, 9199 and $2.24 a Pair
Very handsome, indeed, those t7, $8, ?9 and flO eSectivelv pretty Irih Pointe Lace
Curtains Now lor 93.49, $3.99, $4.49 and $1.99 a Pair
Also, those elesant IS and 510 very rich aud fascinating Tambour Svis Curtains
Now lor $3.99 and $4.99 a Pair
The 25e, 40c, 50c and COc Curtain Poles, with, all necessary fixines complete.
Now for 19c, 24c, 29c and 39c Eacb
Several boxes of Great, Big 51 50, 52 and S3 50 Heavv White Bed Spreads
Now lor 99c. 81.24 and $1.49 Each
A lot of those new and stylishly pretty SI Corded Pillow Shams
Now for 74c a Pair
Remnants of Table Linens and White Goods at Away Down
Prices as Long as They Last.
Waists and Wrappers That Down Everything Round About
in Styles, Prices and General Excellence.
About 1.500 altogether of thoe 51. 51 25
Polka Dot Penale, Plain, Blue. Pink or White
fine White Cambric, handsome Moinie Cloth and fine Black and white Lawn Waists,
pick of the lot Now lor 49c Each
The balance of those lovely fine BlackLinen Lawn 53 Wrappers, with pretty White
Polka Dots, Watteau Back, Rolling Collar, Girdle Belt, edged with feather stitched
braid. Now lor 9Sc Each
A most excellent range of very nrettr, stylishly cut and well-made S3 50 Zephyr
Gingham Wrappers; come along, take picfc,'long as they last Now for 9Sc Each
Stores Close at 5 P. M., Saturdays Excepted.
ALWAYS
THE ,
CHEAPEST.
DANZIGEFIS
Wore More Certain,
the Hottest Days
Tet Have Had no
Diminishing-, but
Bather Very Much
Increasing- Effect on
Our Business. Low
Prices, Like Good
Blood, Tell Every
Time.
Tl- TL
CHRISTMAS
S
and 51 50 Wants, comprising very-
pretty
extra fine Lawn, a most superior lot of
SIXTH ST.
AND
, PENNAVE
JVSS
1 ' I - -
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