je Sigpa&t ESTABLISHED FEBRUART 8. 1846 Vol. 47. So. 151 Entered at Pittsburg Postofflce November. lbS7, as fecond-class matter. Business Office Corner Smithfield and Diamond Streets. News Rooms and Publishing House 78 and So Diamond Street, in New Dispatch Building. FAnxRv Anvr.KTi'siNG'irFirE. room n. TRIBUNE BrjII.DIXG. NEW YORK, where com plete file of THE DISPATCH can always be tonnd. Foreign advertisers appreciate the convenience. Home advertisers and friends of THE DISPATCH. hue In New York, are also made -welcome. THEDISPATaTisnevlartirrmsaleat Bren'ann. fjChton Square, Jew iork, and 37 Ave deVOpera. Trait. .France. where anyine who has been disap pointed at a hotel news stand can obtain it. TEKMS OF THE UISPATCH. POSTAGE PEH lit THE UMT1 STATES. dailt Dispatch. One Year I no iuiLT Dispatch, Per Quarter -00 Daily Dispatch. One Month 70 Dailt Dispatch, including Snnaar. lyear.. 10 00 Daily Dispatch, Including Sunday. Sm'ths, 1 60 Daily Dispatch. Including Sunday. 1 m'th.. 90 StrsDAT DisrATCH. One Year 250 Weiklt Dispatch. One Year 155 The Dailt Dispatch is delivered by carriers at 3! cents per week, or. Including Sunday Edition, at Zt cent per weefc. P1TTSBOKG. MONDAY. JOLT 4. 1892. TWELVE PAGES THE NATIONAL BIRTHDAY. Independence Day in Pittsburg has been heraMed by a few preliminary and spora dic outbursts of firecrackers and rockets, on the part of the impatient small boy, and by the enersry of the Mayor in summoning the masses of Pittsburg to the old-fashioned and patriotic celebration of the day at Schenley Park. The com paratively mild manifestations of the former class may mean that the day is to be observed somewhat less sulphurously than usual, or that the small boy is saving himself and his explosives for a grand fusillade to-day. The efforts of the Mayor and his coadjutors leave no doubt that if the weather smiles on the plan, the popu lation of Pittsburg will enjoy the day in the city's pleasure ground to an extent unknown heretofore. The plan of combining the appropriate celebration of the day with a popular fete in the beautiful and picturesque park of the city has already been properly estab lished in the public favor. But the park itself presents attractions for the gathering of population for out door pleasures, such as have not existed before. While the work of embellishment will go on for years, the work of the past year has brought its walks, drives and imposing scenery to a stage which presents the attractions of a completed park. The tens of thousands who go out there to-day will at once drink in the volumes of patriotism and the fresh air of breezy hills and wooded vales; will simultaneously listen to the well-turned periods of oratory and look upon far reaching views and picturesque hollows. Both together present an ideal combina tion of celebrating a treat anniversary with the individual enjoyment of scenery, air and exercise, such as can be had in few other cities. With the permissible hope that the rains of Saturday night and Sunday were pre paratory to clear and cool weather to-day, we may expect such a celebration at Schenley Park as Pittsburg has not seen before. Half the population of Pitts burg may be expected to avail itself of the pleasures of the day, and will come home enthusiastic over Pittsburg's constantly enhancing acquisition in its new parks. THE UNEKRLNG RESULT. The announcement, widely made at the time the anthracite coal combination was formed, that it was not intended to in crease prices but only to equalize them,re ceives a forcible commentary in the record of the changes ot price. Every change that has been has been an advance, the sum total ranging from 15 cents to SI 20 per ton. The unerring accuracy with which an arrangement of this sort equal izes prices up and none of them down is a most characteristic feature. This is rivaled, howevpr, by an expla nation offered by the Philadelphia Becord, now a recognized organ of the deal. That iournal insists that the advances in coal have not been made by the coal carriers but by the coal producers, whom it is the purpose of the deal to control. "The in creased cost of coal," says the Record, "is the result of agreements between pro ducers, who are so trying to systemize the work in the mines as to give constant instead of intermittent work to miners and to adjust the output to the demand.' This sketch of the effort to "systemize" work so as to increase the cost of coal under constant instead of intermittent work; added to the previously mentioned feature, deserve immortality -as typical pictures of the modern combination. ABANDONING JACKSON'S STAND. In view of that extraordinary declara tion of the Democratic party in conven tion assembled that it, is unconstitutional to levy tariff duties with any other pur pose in view than the raising of revenue, it is Interesting to refer to what Democratic authority has said in the past The mes sage of President Andrew Jackson to Con gress in 1830, contains the following very interesting remarks on that question: The object of the tariff is objected to by some as unconstitutional; and it is consid ered by almost all as defective in many of its parts. The power to impose duties on imports originally belonged to the several States. The right to adjust those duties with a view to the encouragement of domestic branches of industry is so completely identical with that power that it is difficult to snpposo the existence of the one without the other. The States have delegated their authority over imports to the General Government, without limitation or restriction, saving the very inconsiderable reservation relating to their inspection laws. This authority having entirely passed from the States, the right to exercise it for the purpose of protection does not exist in them; and consequently if it be not pos sessed by the general Government it mnt-t be extinct. Our political system would thus present the anomaly of a people stripped of the light to lostcr their own industry and to counteract the most selfish and destructive policy which might be adopted by foreign nations. This surely cannot be the case; this indispensable power thus surrendered by the States, must be within the scope of the authority on the subject expressly delegated to Congress. In this conclusion I am confirmed as well by the opinions of Presidents Washington, Jefferson, Madison and Monroe, who have each repeatedly recommended the , exercise of this rieht under the Constitution, as by the uniform practice of Congress, the con tinued acquiescence of the States, and the general understanding of the people. Andrew Jackson is referred to to-day as the patron saint and type of pure Demo cracy, including the principle that the offices are among the spoils of victory. There may be some significance in the fact that the observance of Jackson's day V! was less general than usual in the year when the Democracy repudiated his con stitutional principles. Apart from that the fact that the Democratic party in 1892 goes to the length in denying the power of Congress which Jackson formally and officially disavowed.quoting in his support the authority of Washington, Jefferson, Madison and Monroe. It should not be understood that In cit ing these words of Jackson we are repre senting him as a protectionist He was opposed to the policy of protection. But prejudiced and violent partisan as he was, he had the sterling and stubborn loyalty to see that the denial of constitu tional power, made by Calhoun in nearly the same terms as by Watterson now, lead to nullification and dissolution. He stood like a rock in the path of the nullifiers; and while opposing protection on the question of policy, made It clear that he would not tolerate the factitious manu facture of constitutional theories to jus tify the repudiation of the power of the Federal Government Nothing is more striking as an Illustra tion of the fatality which presides over Democratic fortunes than that in the last decade of the century the National Con vention of the Democratic party aban doned the principles of Jackson and adopted those of Calhoun which Jackson had defeated 60 years before. DARK AGES ON THE DANUBE. That report of last Friday from Bul garia, by way of Vienna, is calculated to make civilization pull itself together and inquire, whether it is enjoying the last decade of the nineteenth century or struggling in thS- middle of the Dark Ages. There is certainly room for dispute as to our progress from the age of darkness and violence when we count over the fol lowing features of the situation: (1) a plot to assassinate the prince of a coveted realm; (2) that plot inspired by the politi cal influences at work in the greatest em pire of Europe, which covets the little principality; and (3) the evidence of the plot extorted from the prisoners by the torture of starvation and beating, with the hungry men tantalized by food given to other prisoners during the scourgings, until they made the desired confession. If this report is true, it is clear that Bul garian politics have made no real advance from the barbarism and crime of the Middle Ages. It is not only that there is the same cruelty now as then; but there is equal or greater stupidity. There may have been some excuse for people of the elder days, who failed to see that when a man had to be tortured into making a de sired confession, that destroyed all faith in the reliability of the confession. But people who use that method after cen turies of better experience exhibit an ex traordinary devotion to the customs of savage ignorance. But is the story true? If the report militated solely against either Russia or Bulgaria, we might readily conclude that It was invented for a purpose. But as it shows both sides in the worst possible light, to regard it as a pure Invention is to believe that Bulgarian and Viennese news mongers arewholly without any method m their mendacity. . THE PULPIT KEEPS THE FIELD. It is difficult to find any material for approving comment in the action of Dis trict Attorney Nicoll, of New York, In dismissing the indictments found against Rev. Thomas Dixon, unless we recognize his discretion. The principle advanced is that public officials must expect a wider liberty of language In criticising them than private citizens would be expected to endure. The weakness of this position that this liberty of speech cannot go to the extent of declanng that public officials are thieves and criminals except on one sup position and that is the truth of the as sertion. 'If Mr. Dixon's specific and pointed assertions of this sort concerning certain Tammany officials were truthful he had a right to make them. If they were false he should be punished for mak ing them. When we remember that Mr. Dixon's first assault on Tammany brought out declarations that he would be punished and produced a prompt indictment, and that instead of backing down he followed the matter up by more and plainer talk, it is possible to conclude that Mr. Nicoll wisely concluded to avoid giving the clergy man the chance to produce evidence es tablishing his assertions. In the contest between the politicians and the pulpit, the former have backed down. THROWING IT INTO CONGRESS. The possibility that the People's party movement may go to the extent of throw ing the election of a President and Vice President into Congress, and the certainty that such a diversion would really elect Mr. Cleveland, have been duly discussed In these columns. It is a further interest ing development of that possibility that it would with equal certainty elect the Re publican candidate for Vice President, Mr. Whitelaw Reid, and that the curious and heretofore unprecedented spectacle would be presented of the election of the President and Vice President both from the same State. The vote in the House on President will be by States; and as the Democrats have a majority In thirty out of the forty-four State delegations in the House the elec tion of Cleveland, if the Third party should succeed in preventing an election by the electoral vote, would be a moral certainty. The vote on Vice President in the Senate is by individuals, a ma jority of the whole body being required, and the vote being con fined to the two leading names in the electoral vote. Forty-five votes are there fore required to elect a Vice Pres ident; and the Republicans have 47 votes in the Senate. In the, remote con tingency, therefore, of the election being thrown into Congress, the next President and Vice President, in all human proba bility, would be Grover Cleveland and Whitelaw Reid, both of New York. There is an impression that the Constitu tion forbids the election of a Presidentand Vice President from the same State. That may have been the purpose; but the actual prohibition is only that the electors of any State shall not vote for more than one of the candidates who is "an inhabitant of the same State with themselves. " Jt has heretofore been recognized that the letter of the Constitution might be observed and yet the President and Vice President taken 'from the same State, if a party was certain enough of a majorityto permit the State thus favored to throw away its vote on Vice President and trust to the other States to elect the candidate. No party has yet been found willing to take that chance; but in the contingency contemplated here we have a new way of reaching the unex pected result of candidates of opposing parties being elected from the same State by the Congressional vote. It is no difficulty to predict that if a third party should produce that extraor dinary mixture of results, it would arouse a very active demand for-the election of SHE PITTSBURG President and Vice President directly by a vote of the people. AM, is is quiet at Homestead. It Bhould remain so until the noise of industry is restored 'by a satisfactory and honorable agreement between employers and em ployed. The old superstition about the anatomy of woman being so planned for some nays-' terlous reason that she cannot throw straight is revived by the fact that both Mr. Gladstone and Prince Bismarck have been hit in the eye by missiles projected into the atmosphere by the fair hands of woman. There was variety in the projectiles, that in the case of the English statesman being a piece of gingerbread, while the man of blood and iron was socked by a bouquet. But we fall to see that bad marksmanship is proved n these cases. Both statesmen are opposed to woman suffrage and pettiooat influences in politics, while it is possible that the shots evincel an unsuspeoted accuracy, which would make the fortune of a female baseball player. Recent events in New York in which women and horsewhips played prominent parts are apt to create the impression that theatrical maidens are more athletic than aimiable. By the ruling of the World's Fair Director foreign exhibitors will be permitted to pla card their exhibits with the price of articles at the place of manufacture and the prices at Chicago, both including and excluding the customs duty. As the Philadelphia Ledger says: "It would be foolish for pro tectionists to object to it, provided the true prices are given." But it might be well for domestio manufacturers to make ample exhibits of the same classes of coods of domestio manufacture, with the prices attached, so as to show what has been done by protection. A FREE-SILVER party with anti-free silver platform and candidate is in danzer of not knowing exactly where it stands when the election comes off. It is pleasant to hear from Washington, where they have a new swimming beach, that the authorities have issued strict orders to the officer in charge that "no person is to be permitted to use the beach unless yon 'are satisfied by personal observation that he can swim." The onlv story of the careful mother, who resolved that her boy should not go near the water until he had learned to swim, was supposed to be a fable; but here we have the cheering official intelli gence that it is solid fact. At the present rates of progress anthra cite coal in the Eastern cities next winter will be amon; the luxuries which only the wealthy can afford. The street assessments under the curative act are stated in a local article to be making satisfactory progress, the majority of the cases having been confirmed by the courts, and a considerable amount of the money having been collected. Still there are one or two big cases to be fought over up to the Supreme Court, and till that elevated body has had its final say it is not wise to count too confidently on what may not turn up. The Signal Servioe managed to hit it in its Saturday afternoon prediction. It did rain somewhat on Saturday night. According to the old definition of fame, as "having your name misspelled in the newspapers," how pleasant itmnst be for our gallant and comely friend, Major E. A. Mon tootb, to appear in the New York news paper lists of the City of Chicago list of pas sengers as "E. A. Montelth." PEBTlNENr PERSONALITIES. The Queen of Italy is organizing a superb show of native Italian lace for the World's Fair. It is reported that Mr. J. D. Washburn, of Worcester, Minister to Switzerland, will resign and return home in September. Horace E. Sctjddek has recovered suf ficiently from his recent severe illness to resume bis editorial work on the Atlantic Monthly.- Princess Henry op Prussia arranged the flowers for the state dinner given to the Zar by Emperor William at the Kiel Schloss. Thomas L. Clingman, of North Car olina. Senator berore the Civil War and a Confederate General, is still living at the age or 60 years. Miss Ella L. Knowles, whom the People's partv of Montana has nominated for Attorney General of the State, is a suc cessful practicing lawyer in Helena. Palmer Cox, the artist who became famous through his Brownies, is a bachelor, tall and slight, with light hair, a mustache and face tanned by exposure to sun and wind. Elias Carr. the Democratic nominee for Governor of North Cai olina, is 51 years of age. He was born at "Braoebrldge," a great estate in Edgecombe county, and is the son of James Carr, once a noted farmer. Mrs. Osborne, a widow, has cleared $5,000 to $6,000 a year from her ranch near Salt Lake City. She raises vegetables. Lately she added a chicken ranch and two incubators, and expects to clear $10,000 a year. dealing in confederate bills. A Novel Green Goods Game Broken Cp by Federal Officers In St. louts. St. Louis, July S. Three Important arrests were made yesterday by United States offi cer" at Van Buren, Mo. The prisoners are William Clinton, John A. Clinton and Ab salom Colwan. The offense charges a green goods game whereby they are alleged have netted $2,000 profit per month. The men were held in $2,000 bail each. Their plan of action was to advertise thus: "Counterfeit money, none; $1 to $100 bills. Fine-toned paper. Perfect engnwing.Particu lars. 4 cents." Correspondence being opened, wonld-be purchasers were, the officers 'al leged, given to understand that the stuff offered for sale was easily shoved counter feits, and the sucker, of comse, received Confederate bills. It is claimed by the men that they sold on the Confederate bills and pretended nothing else, while the officers assert that captured letters prove a clear green goods case. BRITAlJi'S SUMMER PICNIC. The returns show that Lord Randolph Churchill will continue to smash china at the old stand. Philadelphia Inquirer. The discussions in England are apparently conducted with commensurate energy and warmth, and uncommon interest will attend the event Hew York Tribune. Next Tuesday's election in sixteen London precincts and forty provincial constituen cies will form a pretty accurate test of the strength of the parties in Great Britian. Peoria News. English campaigns do not last as long as American ones, bnt they are more intense. The American variety is full of excitement, but it lacks the English accompaniments of brickbats and'broken heads. .Boston Globe. i The elections to be held this week will determine whether Mr. Gladstone is to ciown his political career by securing the local self-government of Ireland. New York Timet. Micbael'Davjtt's cablegram to Hugh Mc Caffrey is the first personal assurance of a reliable character which this country has received of the probable success of the home rule campaign in Great Britain. Rochester Press. Tee lively, not to say bloodthirsty, manner in which the British candidates for office are treated by those who do not accept their views is calculated to impress them with the idea that we are a pretty slow set politically. Some Englishmen ought to write a book of impressions drawing comparisons In this line. Washington Star. Wi will not suggest that Budyard Kipling and the London Saturday, Review should re frain from sneering at the manners or Amer icans until they have given due attention to British election manner!, for if they were to wait until they had cast! out the beams from insular eyes be. 'ore chlllng attention to motes in continental el es their occupation would in large part jm gone. New York Press. I VDISPATCH, MONDAY, HAIL TO THE H0LJDAYS. WRITTEN FOB THE DISPATCH.! Alt hail to all the holidays except the sort which they are celebratlngjustnowout at Homestead! Welcome the Fourth of July! Would that some remarkable event had taken place upon the Fourth of August also, and some other notable occurrence upon the Fourth of September, and so on throughout the year, making imperative a whole new oyole of additional holidays! Even though they should necessitate the endurance of tin horns and fire-crackers, yet would the bless ing far over-balance the nulsance-the bless ing of rest, of a "day off" more often. It is possible, of course, to exaggerate the benefits of holidays. It is proverbially true that too much of a good thing is as bad as too little; a flood is as fatal as a famine. In the middle ages, when every other day was a saint's, day, and when every saint's day was an occasion for prayers in the morning and for skittles and bser in the afternoon, and Jor no work from early .morn till dewy eve. the multiplication of holidays hindered traffio and oDstrnoted progress. Holidays had to be put down by stress or law. Bnt we have long got past that stage. What we need now is a reversal of the process. We work loo much and too long. We have for gotten how to play. A Besalt of the Infrrqaeney. Some people point to the abuses of holi days as an argument against having any holidays. But these abuses are only the natural result of the infrequency with which the "day off" comes round. Men do not have enough holidays to learn what to do with them. The only way to learn to swim is to venture persistently into the water.and the only way to find out the best uses of spare time is' to have some spare time to practice on. They say, perhaps with some exaggeration, that evory successful oculist learns his business by spoiling a peck of eyes. What wonder if the act of keeping holiday is also attainedbya similar spoiling of holidays? I am not disposed to blame the craftsman who gets liberally drunk in the celebration or his infrequent holiday. I deplore it. I am sorry for the ignoramus who has not yet got any further along than that in his ideas of a good time. But; poor Tellow, how should he know any better? He has never had a chance. 1 believe In the people. They can learn anything even how to enjoy themselves if they have a chance. The more holidays there are in the year within reasonable limits the better they will be kept The more hours of leisure the working people have, the less will they be disposed to spend them foolishly, until by and by we can use the same word for holiday which they use in Germany, and call it a hochzeii, that is, a "high time." The national holiday, if it Is but suflloientlvmultlplied, will come to be a time for occupying ourselves with high things rather than with low things. Holi days will become holy days, days which will minister to health, health of body, mind and soul. The Benefit of Fireworks. Accordingly, I rejoioe in the empha sizing of this day. It means not only rest, but patriotism. It reminds us of our coun try. Some people think that it is too bad to spend seveial thousands of dollars for fireworks at Schenley Park. They say that it would be better to uso that money for the poor. I doubt it. It is a great thing to care for the poor, but it is a great thing also to care for the country. One of the first steps toward good citizenship is a realization of the greatness of the nation. And there are hosts of men who cannot be taught that out of books, nor even by the eloquence of patriotic speeches. They need to have it baugeJ into their ears by the din of cannon, and blazed into their eyes by the flame and glow of flrewoiks. We cannot afford to leave the Fourth of July out of our national calendar. . I am glad to see in some shop windows the sign, "Saturday Half Holiday," and in still more windows the announcement, "This store closed at 5 p. ji." I wish that these placards were as many as the leaves of Yalambrosa. Every retail business in this city ought to shut its doors upon its cus tomers every Saturday afternoon, and open them for the exit ot its clerks into the fresh air and the green fields. We are a little be hind the timts here in this matter. In the East there are more stores closed, for the half holiday than there are here. We lag a little in the adoption of this beneficent custom. In England the half holiday is well-nigh universal. I well remember try ing to make 'a purchase in London on' a Saturday afternoon. The shops were as de serted as the shops of old Pompeii. And, really, they maKe quite as much money over there as we do. The man who wants to get the most work out of his horse does not make him trot up the hills, and does not keep him at his fastest gait all the the time even along the levels. He uses his judgment as well as his whip. And the merchant who would get the best service out of his clerks does not treat them like machines, bnt gives them a let-up now and then, and, for his own sake, as well as for them, take some interest in their health. Better to Be a Man Than a Mint. After all, the whole ot life, even on Wood street, does not consist in making money. Humanity and happiness are of more value than a whole library of check books. To make a reasonable amount of profit, and to live in peace with one's em ployes and with one's own conscience is better than to be a millionaire task-nisflcer like old Pharaoh and to live in daily fear of a visitation of plagues. It is better to be a man than a mint. As it is, the men and women who have the most need of holidays get the least rest. It wonld be well to have our blessings a little more evened up. The early closing and the Saturday hair-holiday are steps in that di rection. They are the just provisions which men make who say: "I have a good vaca tion every summer, and I live in a house all the year round in which life is a blessed holiday after my working hours. Now I am going to try to share some of these blessings with my brothers and sisters who lack them. I will give out of my abundance an hour or two or fresh air every day, and a whole af ternoon, once a week, out in the fields." As for the good people who are packing their trunks Just now for the long vacation, I hope that they will not forget those who will have to spend the hot days in the tene ment houses. Especially the mothers and the little babies, to whom the blue sky and the green trees would be medicine and strength and delight and health. I hope that the parents who are preparing to take their children to the seashore or the mount ains will remember those other parents and those other children. The Society for the Improvement of the Poor have a summer home at Oakmont, and for every five-dollar bill put into their hands they can take a child from the tenements Into that paradise for two weeks. The hands of these good people ought to overflow with five-dollar bills this month. Send a check before you go to Mrs. S. E. Llppincott, 76 Sixth avenue. A T0I IN A SWAMP, She Wandered Away From Borne and Was Found Hanging on a Bnsb. Britoetow, N. J., July 3. The 6-year-old wandered from its home, was lonnd Tester-! dav afternoon by four of the searchers in Lebanon swamp, about one mile from home. A faint sound was heard by one of the party just about the time the searching party were about to give up the child for dead. Finally the child was found hanging over a bush and laintly uttering a sonnd. There were at least two feet of water--gur-ronnding it The party who rushed to the rescue found a terrible spectacle. The bushes within the child's reach hrd been gnawed and cuten, and the clothes were torn from the, Ilttie one, while blood streamed from the wounds and gashes on its body and legs. Trie skin and flesh on its legs were torn off, its' hands being badly lacerated and shrunken. The child had been lost four days, and had been out in two heavy thunder showers. Hun diedsor people came troin tar annnear to see the child, and its piients were cvercomo wlthjoyat the finding or their cf.Ild. Tho doctor has grave doubts of the child's re covery, tearing pnemnonia. ) Hints That Vnm Uuhaeded. Omaha World Herald. All the small boy has to do on Monday Is to buy a toy pistol, press the trigger and the. coroner does the rest. I JULY 4. 1892. SHEBMAN ON THE ISSUES. Both Platform Fairly Represent the Far ties, Except the Democratic on Silver. Bostox, July 8. Special. United Stales Senator John Sherman landed In Boston to day after a short sea trip from Baltimore, and after registering at Young's he saw a reporter and briefly stated hii views on the political situation. He said he is not conversant with the latest turn affairs might have taken at Washing ton, having been several days absent from the Capital. The Senate has passed the sil ver bill by a majority of four, which was the exact strength of the silver contingent as it had been previously rated. "The votes of two men," said the Senator, "I am surprised at, and those are Mr. Cam eron, ofPennsylvania, and Mr. Hill, of New York. Both States are dead against free silver, and it seems to me a dangerous vote for those who represent those States." When asked his-opinion on the platform of the two parties. Senator Sherman replied: "The Republican platform is a very fair statement of the Republican position, and there is nothing in it but what I ap prove. The two platforms Republican and Democratic present the party is suses faiily, except the Democratic plank on silver. This does not lepresent the majority of the Democratic party, for the majority of that party in the South ate in favor of free coinage without restriction or qualification. The five silver-producing States of the Union are represented now by Republican Senators." "Do you think the silver plank of the Democratic platrorm will injure that party's ticket in the South?" "No, I don't. The South is too solidly Democratic. ' They will stick to their party. They are Democrats merely from issues growing out of the war. They will shout against the force bill, so called, and en deavor to cheat the negro (and Republican whites in some cases) out of the rLtbt of suffrage, at the same time that they count them in to Increase their power." THE AGE OF CANALS. A Brilliant Future Predicted for Artificial Waterways In merlca. S. S. McClure in New York Sun. - Financiers and men who are making a study of commercial conditions are satisfied that the United States is entering on an era of canal building, and that by 1926 the country will be bisected by several great ship canals which shall practically overcome the limit put on ocean commerce by the coast The Chamber of Commerce of New York has expressed in formally an opinion that the Erie Canal stretching from Buffalo to the Hudson.must be deepened so as to admit ships of considerable burden. Col. Frank Bond declares that it is inevitable that a ship canal be cut across the Stato of Michi ean, say from Grand Haven to the St Clair River. Capitalists are in consultation over the construction of a shin canal across New Jersey to the Delaware, thence across Maryland to the Chesa peake, with a view ultimately of extending it through the North Carolina sounds to Charleston or Savannah. The ex pectation is that early in the next century a ship canal, capable of floating vessels as great as those that are carried through the Snez, or will be carried through the Nicaragua Canal, will be cut across the npper part of the Florida peninsula, thns shortening by 1,000 milOB the trip from the coast cities to the Nicaragua Canal. The great West is determined that a ship canal shall be built from Chicago to the Mis sissippi. It is reasonable to expect, therefore, that by the 150th anniver sary of trie nation's birthday the most stupendous canal system the world has ever known may Do developed, affect ing, in a manner of which it is Impossible to estimate the extent, .the commercial rela tions of the United States with other coun tries, as well as the relations between the cities of this country. In Accord With the Fourth. Chicago Times. Anthracite coal seems to be deserting the province of luel and taking to pyrotechny. Thanks to the operation of the Reading cont bine, it is going up as fast as a rocket It Is Never Too Late to Mend. Boston Herald. 1 The first half of leap year has gone, and still some of the dear old girls are not bappy. DEATHS HERE AND ELSEWHERE. Theodore .. Eammenr, Theodore A. Hammerer, well known as a merchant, died at 5 o'clock yesterday morning at his residence, 5914 Walnut street. Mr. Kammerer was born In Pittsburg In 1836. He was the son of the Rev. David Kammerer.now of Wocster, Ohio, but formerly of Pittsburg, and who for almost seventy years has beena clergyman of the German Reformed Church. Mr? Kammerer removed with his parents to Onlo, but when very young re turned to Pittsburg and entered the boot and shoe house of bis brother-in-law William E. Schmertz, with whom he remained until the failure of the firm last year. During bis forty-three years of connection with this business he saw Pittsburg grow from a country town to a great city. He was an ardent Republican, but in war time was pre vented by his health from becoming a Boldier, although one of the first members of the famous Marlon Guards, the home company commanded first hv General .Bowman Sweltzer. Mr. Kam merer was a man of quiet and retiring tastes and of most domestic and lovable character. His ac quaintance among the older Pittsburg business men was most extensive and no man was more generally respected and held In Kindly esteem. His life was devoted with great fidelity to his family and his business. His health has been breaking for a year and recentlv he had a slight paralytic stroke, which led to complicated brain affection. He was married some 32 years ago to Miss Eliza beth Anderson, sister of the late Rob ert J. Anderson, the steel manufacturer and granddaughter or the late Anthony Draro. Sue died In 1881. Mr. Kammerer leaves two daughters, Mrs. Parkesh Walter and Miss Florence B. Kam merer. His aged father still survives him. The Interment will be in Homewood Cemetery, In which Mr. Kammerer was one of the earliest lot owners. Devoted as a son. tender as a father and staunch as a friend, there will be more mourners for this man of retired life than for many who have stood In the fore rank of men of affairs. Hon. Israel D. Haines, a Forty-NIner. Hon. Israel D. Haines, a California pio neer of 1843, prominently Identified with the early history of the Pacific cooast, died In Raker City, Ore., last week. He was born In Xenla. O., In 1827, moved to Missouri v, Itb his parents in 1841, and crossed the plains to Oregon In 1819. He was then in the Quartermaster's Department of the United States Army, in a regiment commanded by Colonel Loriug. The regiment took possession of IFort Vancouver a few davs after its arrival, nnder the treaty with Great Britain. Mr. Haines left the army soon after arriving on the coast, lived In Cal ifornia a while, and then returned to Oregon, where he built the first house on Coos bay. He was once a member of the Legislature and served two terms as atate Senator. Ex-Congressman John J. Taylor. Hon. John J. Taylor, born at Leominster, Mass., in 1808, died at his home In Oswego, N. Y., Friday, of congestion of the brain. Mr. Taylor was a graduate of Harvard in the class of '29, of wtalch Benjamin Curtis, Justice of the Supreme Court of the' United States, Oliver Wendell Holmes, and Samuel F. Smith, author of "My Countrr. 'Tls of Thee." were also members. He was District Attomev from 1838 to 1813. and was a member of the convention for the revision of the constitution of the State of New York. He was elected to Congress in 1892, and held the balance of power in the Missouri compromise. He was de feated for Lieutenant-Governor with Hon, Amos J. Parker In 1858. Mrs. G. K. Kepple. Mrs. Nettie Viola Sepple, wife of G. E. Kepple, the Pittsburg newspaper man. died at Unlontown Saturday afternoon. Mrs. Kepple has been In very poor health for some time and her death was not entirely unexpected. The deceased was 26 vears old and a woman of estimable char acter. The remains will be brought to the resi dence of Philip Kepple, 205 Robinson street, Alle gheny, this morning, and to-morrow morning will be taken to Slate Lick, Pa., for interment. Mrs. Marguret Wylle. Mrs. Margaret Wylie, widow of the late Rev. Samuel Wylle, D. D., died Saturday morn ing at Washington, D. C aged 88 years. She was a daughter of Rev. Dr. John Black, deceased. Her tiineral services will be held In the Seventh Avenue U. P. Church to-morrow morning. Dr. S. K. Kntlcdge. Dr. S. K. Kutledee, surgeon for the Penn sylvania Railroad at Blalrsvllle, and a well-known Indiana county physician. . died at his home In Blalrsvllle yesterday afternoon. He was quite advanced In' years. JIIs funeral services will be held te-morrow afternoon. Obituary Notes. Jonx M. Ifft, a prominent member of the Pride or the West Council, Jr. O. U. A. M., dledathia residence on Grant street, Allegheny, on Satur day. The funeral will occur to-morrow. 'Captain Jasies Botb died yesterday morning at his residence, 19 Union avenue, Allegheny. He was one of the bast known Northslde citizens. The funeral will be at 4:30 to-morrow afternoon. Colonel John Mekderuall. Second United States Artillery, commanding officer at Fort Adams, died at tdat fort on Friday of hemorrhage of the stomach. Colonel Menderhal! was born la 1829 In Indiana. He would have been retired next Tear for aft. JULY IN THE SKY. July is exceptional for the surpassing beanty or its moonlit and starlit sky, and this happens most fortunately at the season of the. year when outdoor life is most at tractive, and those who take pleasure in the study of the starry heavens are bestjenabled to pursue their investigations. Beneath the grand sky reach that arches over tbe sea shore, the mountains, or the rural resorts, tbe planets are found playing their allotted parts amid the glory of the stars. Our satellite is no insignificant member of the planetary community during the month. She passes through five phases, two or them being that of first quarter, on the 1st and on the 31st Twice she heads her shining path low down in the south, whero she seems so much nearer than when, on winter nights, she soars high np In the north. She is lovely as, in crescent form, says the New York Times, she meets and passes the planets and the brightest stars which make the July nights beautiful as a dream. The earth has also her mission to perform on the monthly calendar, for she was in aphelion on the 1st at 3 o'clock in the morn ing. She was then 3,000,000 miles further from the sun than in January. The inhab itants of o.ir north temperate zone have reason to be grateful that the heat of the sun Is mercifully tempered by hl3 greater distance. The Sun I an Early Bisor Now. The sun now rises about 4:15 o'clock and sets about 7:20 o'clock, making the days somewhat over 15 hours in length. Before the month closes we shall find that our day light has been reduced by an hour from what it was at the time of the summer solstice. There is a difference in declination of 6 as the sun moves toward the equator, and his speed visibly increases at the end of the month, his motion then being three times as rapid as it is to-day. Tho brightness of the sun is among the most wonderful things in nature, and in con nection with, this there nie tbree things which we are particularly told to keep In mind. First, the beauty and brilliancy of the lovely clays of this early summer season. Then we must remember that all this flood of light comes from a single lamp at a most tremendous distance. Fin ally, we aie to recollect that tho sun is not like a bull's-eye lantern, concentrating all his light specially for our benefit, but that he diffuses it equally around, and that we do not get on this earth the two-thousand-millionth part of hat he gives out so plen teously. When we think of the briehtness of dav, which we love so mnch, and of the distance from which that light has come, notwithstanding that the sun dispenses with all assistance from condonslng appli ances, we can begin partly to comprehend the sun's true magnificence. Venus, once so conspicuous an object in the evening skies, shining as she did with unparalleled splendor, is, alasl now conspic uous by her absence. As we look at the western sky as night closes in it islwith a feeling of disappointment that we turn away without being rewarded with a glimpse or heaven's fairest twlnkler. On the 9th Venus ceases to be grouped among the evening stars, as she is on that day in inferior conj 'motion with the sun, and, hav ing passed that luminary, she joins the morning stars, and once more challenges Jupiter to a contest for supremacy. In another month, then, the e3rly riser will Bee her fair face shining in the East, the har binger of approaching day. Satnrn Shows Up Pals and Dull. The pale', dull star in the western sties throughout the evening is the planet Saturn, which does not possess quite the same amount of interest to us at present as he does when his wonderful rings are showing and he is nearer the earth. We shall not have him much nearer us this year, although we shall be enabled to have a somewhat better view or his rings as they gradually come into a more favorable position for our, obser vation. Saturn and the fom-days-old cres cent of the growing moon are in conj un etion on the 28th, and we shall have a fair picture to gaze upon, if the night prove clear, as Hegulus and Spica, both first-magnitude stars, and others of thebrlghter stars of less magnitude are In that locality ready to form a brilliant setting to the piece. On account of the great distance of Saturn, its movements are much slower than those of the other planets known to the ancients. Twenty-nine years and a half ure required for this distant object to complete it circuit of the heavens, and though this movement is slow compared to the incessant cnanges of Venus, yet it is rapid enough to attract the attention of any caiefnl observer. Even in a month the planet' traverses "an ai-e-of the sky, which can be detected by anyone who will take the trouble to mark its place with regard to the stars in its vicinity. Have you seen Mars yet? If not, try to have a look at lilm and keep him In view for a month. It will repay the effort, if such it be, and will add to the interest of all that we shall have to read about him during the next lew weeks. Besides which it will bo a number of years before he will again be so favorably placed for our observation. He rises about 9:45 o'clock in the evening, and gets up still earlier as the month advances, until ho manages to bob up Just as the sun disappears. His increase in sizo and ruddy light will be perceptible as the time comes forthephenotnenon called opposltion.and we can quite readily convince ourselves that he is about to become an object of all-absorbing interest, toward which the most power ful telescope will be directed in the ardent hope of settling some or the old problems and of dlscoverinsr things of which we have now but the slightest idea. Mara hat a Few Steps Away. It is known to-day that there are many points of similarity between tbe -earth and Mars. The Marsian axis inclines to the plane of the ecliptic at exactly the angle ot the nxis of this earth, and therefore the Marsian seasons will correspond to our own. He has day and night almost as we have; rain, dew, sunshine but has he vegetation and life? Although he will be'35,000,000 miles away, the powerful magnifying lenses will 'make him appear as though he were some 2.000 times his present size. Mars but 17,500 miles away! What wonder, then, that as tronomers are feverish with anxiety for the earlv August days. Mercury is evening star, and is drawing away to his furthest eastwai d from the sun, which uosltton Jie reaches on the 2Dtli, and will then begin to retrace his steps. If we look about 10 to the left of tho sunset point soon after the sun sinks to rest, we shall find a twlnkler brighter than those about him and shining with a clear white light. This will be Mercury on one or his periodical visits to a position where he enables us to have a look at his face. The planet, when furthest from the sun, will bo in the con stellation of tho Lion, and about half way between Mercnry and the snn is Regains, a bright first-magnitude star. Uranus Deglns the series of conjunctions with the moon, being within three-quarters of a degree of that luminary to-day. On the lat day of the month the growing crescent and the distant planet are again together, a closer meeting than tbe first, only a space equal to the diameter of the moon separ ating the two. Uranus is an evening star, is in the constellation of the Virgin, and about a degree south of Spica, the brightest of the group. Neptune Is tho morning star, his right ascension being i hours 31 min. and bis declination 20 27' north, and ordinates that change but little during the month. He is In the Bull group, and is not of any par ticular prominence In thU month's records. His conjunction with the moon on the 20th is at so great a distance in declination that the meeting is not near enough for us to determine the planet's whereabouts with satisfactory approximation. AN IEISH PATEI0X DYING. Injuries to Health, Sustained In an English Dungeon, Ts Killing Harklns. Philadelphia, July 3. Special Michael Harkins, tbe young Irish patriot, who was release! from the Portland prison, England, last August, is at the point of death at his home In this city. Harklns, with a number of others, among them young Dr. Thomas Gallagher, of Brooklyn, were sentenced to tenns. or imprisonment, ranging 'from -15 years to lire, on suspicion of having been implicated in a djnamito plot agaiust the Queen's life during the celebration oi her Jubilee. Harkins, who was released on ac count of shattered health, brought about by the terrible treatment of the Irish prisoners in English dungeons, has grown gradually worse since bis arrival home last fall, and his physicians declare that it will not be many days before the Irish historian can write the name of Michael Larkins among the long list o Irish patriots who suffered and died for their country. When be heard a few days ago that Con gressman McAleer had introduced into Con gress a resoluti n, requesting the Depart ment of Stato to investigate the case of Dr. Gallagher, who he declared Is the worst treated man In the English prisons, he re joiced greatly, and constantly prays that bis iiio may mb spnrau mm until uo wu see "brave and good-hearted Tom Gallagher a free man." His Story or the treatment or Gallagher, who was a fellow-prisoner with him, is only equaled by that of the Russian political exiles- CURIOUS CONDENSATIONS. "Women of every rank go bareheaded In Mexico. The next president of the United States will receive about 7,000,000 votes. Women were employed in printing of fices as long ago, it is said, as 153a A Eussian can plead infancy for a long time, as he does not come of ago till he is 28 years old. A Connecticut scientist calculates that there are 43,500000 mosquito larvae to an acre of swamp land. In Pentonville prison out of 1,000 con victs at one time in jail 751 had been Sunday school scholars. t In South America there is a race of cats to which "meowing" is an unlearned accomplishment Firteen thousand children are numbered in tbe membership of tbe Norwegian -Total Abstinence Society. The number of exhibitors to the "World's Fair is estimated to be 175,000. Their mall will be delivered every hour. Many persons will not allow the rock ing of an empty chair, because they say it is a iorerunner ot aeatn in tne iauiuy. A New Hampshire cure tor sore throat is to wear about tbe neck a stocKing, in the toe of which a potato has been tied. Most of the men in th islands of South western Japan lead lives of idleness, and are cheerfully supported by tbe women. According to a Maine belief a nutmeg pierced and hung on a string around the neck pievents boils, cronp and neuralgia. In Japan, it is said, there are apple trees growing four inches in height, which bear fruit freely about tbe size of currants. All tbe chickens in the "Western part of French Guinea are perfectly white. It is impossible to find one with a colored feather. In tbe Old Testament, although great numbers of women are mentioned, there is but one Sarah, Abraham's wife whose age is recorded. It at the table a little salt is spilt be tween tw o people, the way to prevent a quarrel is for each to take a pinch and throw it over his left shoulder. It is interesting to note that of the 328,000 divorces granted in the United States during the last 20 years 316.000 were granted at the request of wives. There has just died in Poland a once celebrated beauty, who refnseifthe hand of Napoleon IIL She was the Princess Helena1 Sagonsko.and died unmarried at the ageV. of 57. People who like frequent changes in government may find variety in Mexico. Daring tho past 62 years that country has bad 54 Presidents, one regency and one Em peror. Fran Probsti, who enjoyed the distinc tion of being the heaviest woman in Europe, has just died at Tranbring. in Bavaria, at the aze of 41. At her death she weighed over 550 pounds. The French flag was adopted daring the revolution. Tbe Republic first took green, but gave it np, and blended the Bourbon white with tho red and blue, the colors of the city of Paris. Some of the New York hotels provide chaperons for female guests unacquainted with the city. A shopping tour, under the guidance of one of them, soon familiarizes a stranger with the city. Watch crystals are made by blowing a sphere of glass about one yard in diameter, after which the discs are cut from it by means of a pair of compasses having a dia mond at the extremity of one leg. A tender-hearted Parisian lady has made her pet dog comfortable in cold weather by clotbing it with an embroidered fur-lined blanket, and decorating its little :tle legs ana feet with shoes and btockings. At a bouse for waifs in England one the inmates is tbe unfortunate possessor of hands and reet which closely resembk, ' extremities of a beaver. The flngers . toes are joined together by a lay- or skit. The Egyptologists are continuali making fresh acquisitions of kn wledge. A valuable find of skeletons belon ring to tha fourth dynasty was recently ma le in Egypt This is tho earliest known data of Egyptian, remains. , In'London 'there Is a cripple .entirely without legs who is said to surpass his comrades in school in his skill of swim ming. He Is furthermore an excellent run ner, moving along rapidly by means of his muscular arms. The following are a few examples of the rate of pay of women in London: Making paper bags, 4d per 1,000, possible earnings, 5s to 9s per week. Button holes, 3d per dozen, possible earnings, Ss per week. Shirts, 2d, each worker finding her own cotton, can get six dono between 6i. a. and II P.M. When a marriage takes place in Italy in a princely family the bride and groom, after the religious ceremony, present them selves to the Pope to receive his benediction. Then the young couple, in wedding costume, proceed to St. Peter's alone, and kneeling on the bare flags before tbe statue of the "Prince of the Apostles," pray. Some years ago the burial vault of tbe Chaplin family at Blankney, in Lincolnshire, was opened, and it was ascertained that a large gray bat which has been found within" the place on several occasions whet Vb vault was opened, was still a living lnh il tant or the said vanlt It was calculated that the bat had lived in the tomb 33 years Hundreds ot years ago the Old "World printers used to chain copies of their books outside their offices and reward peripatetic scholars who might detect errors with prizes graduated according to the serious ness of the slip a cup of wine for a broken letter, a cup ot wine and a plate of meat for a wrong font or a turned letter, and so on in proportion. The German capital maintains and pays an official bird catcher. The catching of birds is prohibited, bnt the collections and educational institutions of the university require, for scientific purposes, birds, bird' eggs, nests, etc., and tbe taxidermist Lemm is the only person commissioned to furnish them within the precincts of Berlin and the districts of Teltow and Nlederbamim. In Persia the first time a man is caaght in the act of stealing he is "bastinadoea,'1' (beaten on the soles of the feet with an iron rod) and made to sign a paper declaring Uiat that will be his last offense. If he for- f;ets this when the soles of his feet quit burn ng.and tries it again, the seoonu offense calls for the amputation of bis tight hand. If he is still obdurate, and goes at it left banded, the third, and, of course, last resort is decapitation. ETCHINGS S BLACK- s Mrs. Gossip Yes; they are matcledbut not mated. Mr. Quirk Er ; sort of frictlou match, ehf Puck. 'Tis now be sells his ball and bat To bny the festive cracker. He likes to monkey with the cat And with his aad'a terbacter. Sew York Evening Sun. Mrs. Bingo Mercy, John, what have yoa got baby tied np with that trunk strap for? Bingo While yoa were out he swallowed a collar button and I was afrala he would get away. Clothier and Furnisher. Mr. Clovertop Julie, I see that tha mountains of Idaho are settling. Mrs. C Deary me. but I am glad lo know It, for 1 have always heerd that they were powerful wild. Chicago Inter Ocean. He tires with his offhand ways, We wish him far away. Who slaps us on the back and says, How do you feel to-day?" Sao York Prts' First Guest (at summer health resort) Ton are going home early this season. Miss Sanl tary Measures. Second G nest Yes, I have to go, for my health. Terns Silings. "This," said Mr. -Live way te, of Chicago, pointing ont a painting to his visitor, "is one of the old masters." Indeeii" replied the guest, with deep interest. Yes. I had it painted to otier." -Detroit Fret Press. Although the Fourth is loud enongb, The small boy likes it louder; That's why he always love to stuff His cannon full of powder. Somerset XW. "WhatI Do you dine in that fourth-rate -place?" ' Only when I am not hungry. What U the me of wasting good food on a poor appetltel" dtanapiU J&urnaU & f'44SSB& . S. -i , ,-,, ,r -..-,... ,L.- J
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers