? -A . THE PITTSBURG DISPATCH THE PITTSBURG DISPATCH. SUNDAY. JULY 8. 18921 SECOND PART. ''. PAGES 9 TO 20. ;g H h 1111 ' ' ! 4 CALMLY MDEIT Are the Admirers of Glad stone That His Majority "Will Be Enormous. THE TORIES HATE W HOPE, Though rnhlicly Tbej Claim They ire Sure They'll Win Out. MAEKETMEN RIOTING IN MADRID. A Civil Guard Unable to Disperse Them Till a Tolley Is Fired. FKISCH TROOPS FIGHT WITH PIRATES IBT CAELI TO Tint PISrATCH. LOXDOK, July 2. Copyright. Amid the present political (.torni and stress one cannot fail to be struck by the calm confi dence in immediate triumph displayed by the Liberals. The Grand Old Man is serenely sure about it, the humblest fighting man among hi followers has no donbt about it, and the Tories, while professing assurance in public, admit privately that they have no hope of victory. Nobody speculates upon what will hap pen chould Lord Salisbury be relumed to power, because that contingency is by gen eral content regarded as too remote to be worth considering at all. Tories as well as Liberals talk of nothing that is not based upon the assumption that Mr. Gladstone will be prime minister in two or three weeks' time. Difierence of opinion is mainly mani fested when the extent of Mr. Gladstone's majority is the subject of discussion. The Tories hope that without the 80 odd Irish Nationalists he will hare no majority at all; cautious calculators, with whom some ex perts agree, place the Liberal-majority at 30 over the Tories Liberal-Unionists and Nationalists combined; and the enthusias tic provincial Liberal, whye faith is always more robust than that of his" London brother, declares that the Home Bulers elected by Baitish constituencies will out number the Tory and Mugwump members by quite 110. Flcures for the Confidence The latter gives mathematical reasons for his prodigious confidence. There were, he Fays, 410 seats in Great Britain contested in 18S5 and 18SG. Bye-elections hare taken place in 90 of them since 1888. and of 69 Tory seats thus trebly contested, 22 were won by the Liberals, while the Tories gained only one seat out of 21 rendered vacant during the same period. Applying the rule of three to these figures the confident prorincial extracts for Mr. Gladstone a net British majority of 110, and is greatly com forted. Mr. Gladstone's electoral campaign hag so Jar been a magnificent success. His speeches fully reported even in the Tory re.wspapers, have deeply moved the people, and the spectacle ot the aged statesman fighting in the forefront of the battle to the cry of "justice to Ireland" has fired the pop ular imagination in an extraordinary man ner. Mr. Gladstone at this moment is address- Sng, at Glasgow, his second great publlo meeting' Next week he "will make-several short speeches every day, mostly to open air gatherings, and it is probable that he will remain in Midlothian until after the polling day, on the 12th instant. He is in excellent health and overflowing spirits, and the slight injury to his left eye, caused by a ginger-bread cracker thrown for luck bv an over-enthusiastic lady 'admirer at Chester, has ceased to give trouble. Salisbury's Address a Surprise. Lord Salisbury's address to the electors of the TJnited Kingdom caused much sur prise to politicians, as it followed close upon the publication of a semi-official state ment that the Premier did not propose to do anything of the kind. Mr. Balfour went down to Hatfield on Sunday, however, and persuaded his uncle that something must be done in view of the deep despond ency prevailing in4he party on the eve of the elections. A geod many people were nnder the im pression that Lord Salisbury rendered him self liable to pains and penalties by thus directly interfering in elections with which, as a peer, he is supposed to hare no concern. A standing order of the House of Commons declares "it is high infringement of the lib erties and privileges of the Commons of the United Kingdom tor any lord of Parlia ment or otner peer or prelate to concern himself in the election of members to serve for the commons in Parliament." But the Tories have just made a dis covery that when the Honse of Cqtnmons has been dissolved its standing orders cease to exist also, and remain in abeyance until tney have been re-enacted by a new House. Some Tory Peers, there lore, are taking an active part in the present electoral struggle, and there is certainly no law ou the statute book by which they can be prevented or punished, although their interference is certainly contrary to consti tutional usage. They are not likely to do their party much good by their unusual efforts. Gladstone's Effective Campaign. Mr. Gladstone is making most effective use in his stirring campaign in Midlothian, ot Lord Salisbury's manifesto, and the Duke of Norfolk has done the Liberals excellent service by a ridiculous letter or manifesto designed to prove that it is the bounden duty of Catholics to vote for Tory candi dates. He argued that home rule must be wrong because "it is to ba handed over to men who have defied the Pope's decree." But tbe burden of all Tory speeches, and the foundation of all Tory arguments, made alike by Lord Salisbury and the humblest orauge tub thumper at Ulster meetines, is that home rule will place the Protestants of Ireland at the mercy ot willing, subservient tools of the Pope. Free traders profess great satisfaction with the proceedings of the conference of Chambers ot Commerce, which terminated vesterday. There was plenty of protection ist tall, to be sure, but it came chiefly from the'mouths of Canadian delegates, and the division lists on Sir Charles Tupper's reso lution in favor of preferential duties show that "the free trade heresy" has taken little hold upon British traders. Free Traders Rather Well Pleased. Members of the Cobden Club and other enthusiasts declare that the facts elicited at the conference confirm and strengthen their belief that it Canada would only summon up courage to adopt unrestricted tree trad she would soon knock the bottom out of the United States. The 1'dU Mall GcatOt is of the opinion that the United States has become such an expensive coun try to live in that Canadians, by making their country a cheap one, could divert the stream of emigration' from the Slates to Manitoba. Canada has need to take heroic measures in this direction, tor the predicted emigtation boom has not come to pan, despite Help given to agents by the Board ol Trade and postoffice de partments. Thousands ot rural postotfices are placarded with attractive descriptions of tbe Dominion and its advantage for emigrants, but the men wanted, the small farmers and agricultural laborers, show no disposition to move toward the promised land. Anarchist Inciting to Rehelllon. PAWS, July 2.-A large numb.r of An- J archist placards, urging the people to re volt against the Government, hare been posted throughout St. Etienne. The police are actively engaged in the work of tracing the guilty parties, and have destroyed every placard which has been discovered. A SPANISH TAX RIOT. Market People Starch the Street and Threaten the Small Tradesmen The Madrid ClTll Guard Falls to Disperse Them Until it Volley Is Fired. Madrid, July 2. The new taxes Im posed by the Government upon various branches of the business, are meeting with strong opposition. It was only yesterday that the Bourse operators refused to transact business owing to the tax on Bourse trans actions, and to-day a popular demonstration was made against the new tax placed upon retail dealers. The men and women doing business in the market formed a procession and marched through the streets Bkouting and yelling, and in every way showing their disapprobation of the new tax. When the shopkeerers heard that the market people were coming they hastily closed their doors, fearing that "the proces sion would pillage their snops. Those taic inr part in the demonstration assaulted the police who were trving to keep them in order, meanwhile using insulting epithets toward tbe Civil Governor. Finally the Civil Guard charged upon the mob, but met with an unexpected resistance. Stones, heavy sticks, anything 'that came handy were thrown at the guard, and many of them were severely hurt At the word of command a volley was poured into the rioters. This ended the fighting. Many of the crowd fell, with blood pouring ""rom their wounds, while those who were uninjured and those whose wounds were slight sought safety in flight, leaving the Civil Guard in possession of the field. Tiie wounded were picked up and placed upon the improvised litters and car ried to the hospital. It is thought that some of them will die. TEE CZAB AN ASSASSIN. Tbe Murder of Bulgarian Officials Was Ordered by Rnssla. Sofia, July 2. The trial by court mar tial of 16 persons, including M. KaravelefF, formerly Bulgarian Premier, and M. Moloflj a former Cabinet Minister, was commenced here yesterday. The prisoners are accused of complicity in the murder of M. Beltchefi, Minister of Finance, who was shot March 27, 1891, while leaving a shop in the city, and died immediately. One of the prisoners, named Svetoslav, remarked during the pro ceedings that the ambition of his life was to overthrow Prince Ferdinand, the ruler of Bulgaria. He said that an Odessa delegate of a Slav benevolent society furnished funds to those engaged in the plot. Another ot the prisoners, named PopofL confessed that he and three others bad taken an oath to kill Prince Ferdinand, and had solemnly sworn to sacrifice their lives, if necessary, in carrying out their plans to assassinate the Bulgarian ruler. This pris oner also confessed that the conspirators had obtained money and revolvers from St . Petersburg to aid m carrying out their mur-' derous designs. He admitted that he once lay in wait to kill Prince Ferdinand, in tending to shoot him with a revolver, but at the critical moment his nerve failed him and he did not have the courage to dis charge the weapon. Tbe statements of these two prisoners confirm the belief that the assassination of M. Beltcheff and the plots against Prince Ferdinand were due to Russian instigation. DEATH FROM A TEITIaL HUBT. Hon. John Kobson Succumbs to a Bruise on HU Little Finger. " BY CABLE TO THE DISPATCH. London, July 2. The Dispatch re porter learned to-day the extraordinary cause of the death of Hon. John Kobson, Premier of British Columbia, who died in London and was buried in Victoria this week. Bobson was driving in a hadsom cab and accidentally shut the door on his little finger, crushing it. The physician who was called in at the Metropole Hotel, where the Pre mier was stopping did not consider the in jury serious, and it was not until Dr. George Ogilvie, the celebrated specialist, was sent for six days later that it was dis covered that blood poisoning had set in. Dr. Ogilvie amputated the finger, but it was too late, and Kobson 's life paid the for feit tor what seemed at first a trifling acci dent INSPECTION 0? ALL BALLOONS Wanted by the British Public, After the Recent Disaster. tBT CABLE TO THE DISPATCH.l London, July 2. There is little donbt that the balloon disaster at the Crystal Pal ace this week was primarily due to the rot tenness of the aerial machine, which had been cut down from a larger balloon. It had been drenchingly wet .the previous week, and when it was unfolded for inflation on Wednesday tbe material was excessively heated. The balloon started with the sky overcast A second later the sun shone forth with great power, and the instant expansion of gas, the strain of the skin of the balloon upon the cordage, and the friction caused the fragile thing to burst The material was of the commonest and the construction crude. Public opinion here is that machines making aerial vorages should be subjected to the same official inspection as vessels navigating the sea. ANAECHI8T LEAVEN IN THE ABUT. Military Trials In Berlin Will Disclose Bow Far It Is Working. BERLIN, July 2. Five Anarchists, Kow ener, Bennthaler, Buff, Weiner and Dob berstein,. are undergoing trial before the Imperial Tribunal at Leipsic lor high trea son. They are charged with distributing fly sheets to the soldiers. The trial is held in Camera. There are a host of witnesses. The Government hopes to obtain evidence as to how far the troops are permeated with Anarchist ideas and what soldiers assisted the prisoners in circulating the fly sheets. Grand Duke Tladmir Injured, fin Petehsbttko, July 2. When the Grand Duke Vladmir, who is making a military tour of inspection in Norvogorod, arrived at Teherspoveti to-day, tbe door of the saloon carriage in which he was riding flew open. The Grand Duke, who was leaning against It, fell heavily npon the flagstones of the station platform. He was rendered unconscious, and' blood streamed oyer his face. The doctors who attended him found, besides the wounds and con tusions on his head, dislocations of a leg and arm. No German Military Band for tba Fair. Berlin, July 2. The Emperor has finally refused to allow a military band to go to the Chicago World's Fair. Prof. Ztegfield, to whom the Minister of War communicated this decision, will engage Von Billow's famous Hambnrg Phil harmonic Orchestra to play in the Temple ot Music. Paris to Have Another Exposition. Pabis, June 2. At a meeting of the Cabinet to-day a project for .holding an In ternational Exposition in Paris in 1900 was approved. Helgoland Almost Impregnable. building on Helgoland. Bh.U proof attar- J Bxblix, July 2. Extensive works are' ten are being erected for the garrison, and great powder magazine and five armored turrets are being coustrncted: Engineers now fully recognize the value of the island as a defense to the entrance to the Elbe. MOVEMENTS OF BEELTJT B0YALTY. I A Sham Tand and Naval Campaign to Be Fought at Helgoland. Berlin, July 2. The Emperor, on his return from his voyage to the North, will attend the combined naval and military manouvers which will be held on great scale at the beginning of August at the mouth of the Elbe. The plan of operations Js for the fleet, commanded by Admiral Schroeder, to rendezvous at Helgoland, whence they will proceed and-try to affect a landing near Cuxnaven. The fleet will be opposed by the Ninth Army Corps, nnder General Count von Waldersee. While the Emperor is on his voyage to the North the Empress remains at Pots dam. The Princess will go to Wilhelmshoh and thence to Norderney. A BATTLE WITH PIBATES. French Troops Hare Mora Bloody 'Work With the Tonqnlnese. Tonquin, July 25. Another large battle has occurred between tbe French and a large body of Tonqulnese pirates intrenched at Thanoo. Tbe French force numbered 150 men. . After a desperate resistance the French charged the pirates' position and carried it, but not until they had lost 16 men killed and 17 wounded. Irish-Americans in Ireland. Queexstown, July 2. The three mem bers of the Irish-American Commission, who were passengrs on the Inman line steamer City of Chicago, have arrived here. They say they expect to have an early con ference with the leaders of the Parnellites and anti-Parnellites, and that they are hopeful of effecting a reunion of the two rival factions. THE BLOODY PENINSULA. Tezant Threaten to Capture m Mexican Prison to Release an American. San Antonio, Tex, July 2. The por tion of Texas known as the "Bloody Penin sula" is once more in a very troubled condi tion. It was quieted a few months ago by a heavy detachment of United States cavalry, but cattle stealing and murder have broken out afresh. The "Peninsula" is in Presido county, along the Bio Grande. Just across the shallow stream is the most turbulent section of the Mexican Eepubllc, infested by the worst type of desperadoes. It has been the custom of these people to raid the Texas side whenever they .needed money or meat The Mexicans have killed a number of Americans, and, in addition, they have mortally wounded Depnty United States Marshal Lee, who cannot survive the wounds Inflicted a few days ago. Last Tuesday three Texas rangers who were scouting along the Texas side of the river captured a robber named Desldarlo Duran. They were attacked byfour heavi-Iv-armed Mexicans led by the noted Floren ce Carriaso. In the fight Carrasio was shot through the heart and his companions fled. A ranchman of Texas, named John Wind ham, whose brother was then on the Mexi can side, crossed over to notify him before the news of the killing spread. He was ar rested by the Mexicans, and he and Ms brother placed in a dungeon at Presidio del Norte. Secretary of State Foster will be appealed to immediately. The ranchmen of the "Bloody Peninsula" are organizing, and unless the American State Department takes prompt action they will endeavor to carjtnre'ihe" jail at PresidltrdeTTTotte and rescue James Windham and his brother. THE QAEZA FSBMEHT BULL EXISTS. Lawless Acta Perpetrated on Both Sides of the Rio Grande. CAsniso, Tex, July 2. A company of infantry and a troop of cavalry, under com mand of Captain Wheeler, have been scout ing at Ramierno ranch, advices having been sent to Post Binggold that some Garza men were in the vicinity. There seems to be a general understanding that a great many revolutionists in Texas are awaiting an op portunity to try to do something, and they are encouraged by the strong anti-Diaz ele ment in Mexico. On the, afternoon of the 21st one Delos Santo Mescal, a wine vender, was killed by Jesus Lingorioi at Ville de Paras, in Mexico. Bobbery is supposed to be the cause of the killing, and the mur derer toot that very easy way ol getting out of Mexican jurisdiction by skipping to this side of the Bio Grande. Generally speaking, if a party or parties do not return to the side on which the crime was commit ted, the case is settled. Manuel Floresa, a citizen of Mexico, and Jose Nieves Garza, a citizen of the United States, crossed the Bio Grande on the night of the Sd of June with smuggled goods, moving into Mexico, and were met at Paso del Bio Salado by Custom House guards of Mexico, and resisting arrest, were both killed by the Mexican forces. VCABTHYITE SINEWS OF WAS. Antl-Parnellltei In America Send 8180,000 Election Money to Ireland. New Yoke, July 2. The executive offi cers of the National Federation of America and the Parliamentary Fund Assoeiation met last night and issued and appeal for $150,000 to meet the expenses of the ap proaching elections in Ireland for members of Parliament The meeting was anti-Par-neliite, and whatever moneys are received will be sent to Justin McCarthy or John Dillon for the benefit of the McCarthyite faction. Those present weee Eugene Kelly, Presi dent of the .Parliamentary Fund Commit tee; Dr. Thomas Addis Emmett, President of the National Federation of America; Miles M. O'Brien, Secretary, and Major John Byrne, Treasurer of the Parliamentary fund. Dr. Emmett presided. Eugene Kelly on Wednesday, he" Said, subscribed $20,000, and Major Byrne' $5,000 for the expenses of the Irish Parliamentary elec tions, which amount was on Thursday transmitted by cable to "Justin McCarthy or John Dillon." HEBDEICIB BTJBOLABIOUS NEPHEW Will Probably Go Free on the Ground or Illegal Extradition From Canada. Chicago, July 2. Thomas Litzenberg, nephew of the late Vice President Hendricks, who was arrested ana extradited from Canada for burglary, will probably go scot free. His attorney has made a motion before Jndge Collins for a discharge on the ground of illegal extradition. His Honor took the matter nnder advisement, and, as the legal point raised is in the main the same which secured William Pope's dis charge, the prisoner's chances of release seem good. The crime for which Litzenberg was ar rested was committed July 21, 1891, at the residence of Edward C Hullng. He was released on bond, which he jnmped and went to Canada. Then it was discovered that his bonds were worthless. The straw bondsmen have never been found, though indictments have been returned against them. Tolkibran. Hade from pure malt and honah Xhan. bardt & Ober. Tba great hot weather drink. iSSmSSMSauSS. " Wra" HURRYING TO RUSSIA. Carpenter on His Way to the Famine Districts for The Dispatch; 350 SIMILAR GASES IN BISTORT And the Suffering In the Czsr'i Domain Pants Among the Worst CLARA BARTON'S BED GROSS WORE rcoBKXsroirDSircs or the dispatch. HAMBrrEO, June 23. By the time this letter is published I will be in the heart of the famine districts of Bussia. I mail it as I leave the steamer. From her I will go direot to St Petersburg by rail, stage coach and droehsky, will make my way through the country where it is said from thirty to forty millions of people are starving. , The famine will be at its highest from now on until tbe harvest in August, and the crop's must be very large in order to prevent its extension on into the winter. Within the past month I have spent some time in looking up the great famines of the world and I find that this Bussian famine is one of the most terrible mankind has ever known. There have been since the world began 350 mighty famines, each of which has killed thousands and most of which have carried off people by the millions. The Notable Famines af History. The Scriptures speak ot famines in the time of Abraham, and the story of the seven years' famine, which prevailed when Joseph was Secretary of Pharaoh's Treas ury, Is a matter or Biblical history. Borne had its famine hundreds ot years before Christ, and about 300 years' after Christ wheat was worth 400 pieces of silver a bushel In Antioch and about a hundred years later 'parents were eating their chil dren in Italy to keep themselves from starving. Great Britain has had famines hack to the earliest of her records, and about the time the Normans came over it is said that there was such a famine over the Northern country that many of the inhab itants sold themselves for slaves, and that the flesh of horses, dogs, cats and rats had fixed prices in the markets and some even ate human flesh. Twenty thousand peeple starved in London during the Twelfth cen tury, and in the times of Queen Elizabeth wheat was worth $8 a bushel in London. Ireland has had manv famines and every time the potato crop fails there are numbers ot deaths from starvation. Less than 50 years ago the great potato famine of 1846 took place, in which more than a quarter of a million of people lost their lives and dur ing which more than a million Irishmen came over to America. This famine lasted more than six years and it reduced the pop ulation of Ireland 2,500,000. Some Great Indian Famines. India has alwavs been a land of famines. The people live from hand to mouth and they do not get fat when the crops are good. There are more than 250,000,000 people in India, and nearly every year there is some part of Hindoostan which is more or less affected by want of food. One of the biggest famines of India was just six years before our Declaration of Independence. At this time more than 3,000,000 people died for want of food, and the air was so infected by the smell of the dead bodies that it brought disease as well as death. Whole villages were depopulated, and when the new Crop came on it had, in many cases, no owner. This famine was caused by drought .Ten vears laterTndia had,npth, great. famine, ahdTwhin George Washingtoa-rfirst took his sett in.; the Presidental chair people were killing and eatings their chil dren in some parts of India and thousands were dying of famine. At this time a ter rible famine was caused by an army of black ants which swarmed over the country and destroyed the vegetation, and a few years later on army of locusts came along, and this was followed by aplague of rats, whloh ate up the crons and almost attacked the people themselves. In 1866 a million and a naif of people perished from famine in Ben gal, ana about ten years later a famine in Madras cost the English Government some thing like ?50;000,000., , Selling tinman Being-. In China. It is much the same In China. The peo ple are so many that at the time of a great flood or a great drought they die by million. It is estimated that between 10,000,000 and 20,000,000 people were- wiped out by the overflowing of tho Yellow river some years ago, and in 1877 70,000,000 were suffering from famine, and an appeal was made to England and America for assistance. At this time women and children were dffered for sale on the streets, and the price for a married woman was $6, and you could buy a little girl tor 12. Many parents killed their' children rather than witness their pro longed suffering, and the scenes of destitu tion and starvation were terrible. It is the sane as the story of Bussian famines, which seem to have occurred at Intervals back to the beginning of history, and which prom ise, it is said, to continue in the future. One of the great causes of famine in the past has been floods.. Whether the Deluge covered the whole world or merely a part of it, it certainly killed millions, and it re mained upon the earth 150 days. England and Ireland have bad many floods which have killed thousands, and the inundations of Holland have several times nearly de stroyed the entire population. In 1874 the floods of the Mississippi covered 250,000 acres of cotton, 100,000 aores of corn and 500, 000 1 acres of sugar, and the rising of one river in France about this same time caused a loss of $75,000,000. Some of the floods of India have carried off men by the tens of thousands, and in one inundation In Hol land 72 towns"were destroyed and 100,000 people perished. Famines Canted by Heat. Hundreds of famines have been caused by heat and drought that carried away mil lions. We have such a case now in Mexico. All of the Eastern countries have been af fected by drought and nearly every year sees a famine in some part ot India. India has had 34 big famines In a century but none, of these famines have covered the whole country, and had the means of transportation been better there would have been no need for loss ot life. Such of tbe soil as is under irngation always produces a crop, and tbe English Gbvernment is now doing what it can to intTrease tbe , irrigated area and it has covered the country with a network of railroads. One of the ' great troubles about the famine in Bussia is the defective transport The railroads, while they ran between the large cities, are nevertheless comparatively few, and It is not possible to get the food quickly to the people. Australia is another country which has been troubled with drought, and nearly $20,000,000 worth of sheep were lost through lack of water in 1877 In New South Wales. Just about the same year 10,000,000 sheep were lost in tbe Australian colonies and in South Africa, and about this same time there was a period of drought in Jhe United States. Causes of, the Famine in Russia. The Bussian-famine of to-day was caused by drought . For five months these Bussian provinces had nof drop of rain, and this great heai iad been preoeuea oy ternoio lrostr wii s in the spring. All sorts of burned UP and withered by the glasses wi heat, and. alrieratsby the tens of thou- sands s t over tbe oountry ana ate up what were eft In addition to this there sof Insects which came by the millio d ate up everything with wnicn they in contact The devastation conoeiyed, and it will be some -Rtmia oaa reanvir from It canno years i A at whether the people of the United -& -7-ri.i!'.c li -ft?!?.'?'. ' . -Wl-KiStaX !!,., " ' i ... ,, , 4 kttfltSHSHr . ' . i rTfirTwr zmMtttttttttttttmiMWJiitijrv&VM- .-r ? , .', , i- -iiir-i" i --f i sTt " ii- -Ti- irmi iftrif. if"wYi ''h r 't -itria.iriMif.iiiirtiTsaTtivntTnBri i irTiyrrfi n-.it rriamftrHf'ffmtT-,jr.m-Ttntr-n ttttttttttttttttttttatBBBttitijiita lii-iMi-afl VaKiMiMttMtfeiy States have any adequate idea of the Bussia of to-day. I have known a number of tbe ministers whom we have sent to that coun try, and I find that their ideas of Bussia and the Czar are for different from those of other people. I met not long ago at De troit ex-Mimster Lothrop, who represented this country at St Petersburg some years ago. Mr. Lothrop is one of the most famous lawyers of the Northwest, and he was very popular in Bussia. He is a man of extraordinary ability'and great culture, and during his stay at St Petersburg bis daughter married one of tbe most noted of the Bussian barons. We have an idea that the Bussian people are oppressed by the Czar, and that they look upon him as a despot and a tyrant Said ex-Minister Lothrop to me: Lolhrop'g High Opinion or the Caar. The Bussian people are as loyal to their ruleras are any people of the world. They reverence the Czar and look up to him as tbe ruler appointed by God. Tbey do not know him as a man and tba masses consider him of a higher order pf creation than them selves. Tho Czar has been much misrepre sented. He is a conscientious, God-rearing man and ho is doing all he can for his peo ple. Tne Russian Government, nowever, lias to control more than. 100.000,000 of souls. It is made up or many diverse elements, and It has to have a vast maohinery and numer ous officials to control these. The Emperor has to intrust his work largely to subordi nates, ana tnougn tneo are on tne average efficient and honest, then are In Bussia, as in the TJnited States, some who may be not. Bussia is to a large extent governed by the people, and It will be surprising to many to know that tbe Russian have civil rights to a larger extent than mostpf the olher countries of the world. According to the village system of Russia the villagers gov ern themselves. -They elect their own offi cers, with the exception of a lew who are appointed bv tbe Czar. They make their own laws and arc allowed to doeaa they pleaso where they do not come into contact with the Czar." Thoy have their own courts and they pass their own sentences now and then, even to sending prisoners to Siberia. The Russians are doing a great deal In re lieving the distress of tbe famine, and Rus sia is spending millions upon millions of dollars lor this ipurpose. u don't believe there Is a more courteous, kinder and bet ter people in tbe world than the Russians, and I consider them ona of the great na tions of the world. minister Smith on the Famine. The Hon. Charles Eraorv Smith, who has just returned from Bussia, says that the lamine there will last up until late In Au gust, and without the crops are good it will probably extend on into the coming year. "The destitution of the people is," says he, "inconceivable, and a great part of their loss comes from their stock. The famine teas so terrible that the cattle were carried off by it, and the people have nothing with which to work their fields. In some prov inces more than half the horses were killed, and those that lived are haggard and lean. A great number of the cattle were either killed or starved to death, and inasmuch as these are largely used for draft animals in Bussia the loss is Incalculable. " Minister Smith says that the Knssians have given between seventy-five and a hun dred million dollars to relieve the famine, and that they are continuously sending food into the famine districts. Many of the richest and noblest ladies of Bussia are working among the starving, and they have established soup kitchens and food supply points throughout the worst of the dis tricts. Mr. Smith says that the Bussians feel very kindly toward the Americans for the aid they have sent to them, and he thinks the action has brought the two conn tries closer together. Russia Appreciates Oar Kindness. A few days ago J called at the Bussian Legation in Washington on the Hon. Charles de Struve, who has for years repre sented Bussia in the United States, and he told me that Americans could not appreci ate how kindly Bussia felt toward them for their sympathy and aid in their time of trouble, and it is said that this feeling is nnpMnt thinner limit .i.liA TCneainn TCmnlpA and thiit'iBferai;:fBfluenee' Would be very great?7 ,-"" It is well known that all the gifts of- the United States have been through the 'Bed Cross Society, with Miss Clara Barton at its head. How much these gifts . amount to will he suprising to the people. Already four shiploads have been sent, and these will average about $100,000 each in value. The Iowa corn, which left on the TyneheaoT, loaded that great ship down to the water, and it will be of great use in the keeping alive of the cattle. This included 200 car loads of corn, and it came from Iowa alone. Tbe millers of the Northwest furnished a shipload of flour and the citizens of Phila delphia bought 5,000 barrels of Minneapolis flour and seat it off. A great deal of money has been contributed and nruch of this has come from lijtle children. Miss Barton told me she received not long ago (63, trery cent of which was contributed by children who had worked for the pennies or had denied themselves some luxury in order to get them for the Bussians. How the Red Crota Works. There is no more modest woman in the United States than Miss Clara Barton. She works .very quietly, and to talk with her you would never imagine that she had man aged some of the largest charitable efforts in the history of this generation. She is of about medium height and weighs, I judge, not over 125 pounds. 'She dresses in black, and her only jewelry is her round pin of white enamel, with a red cross in the cen ter at her neck, and belcw this a great pansv made of an amethyst and presented to Miss Barton by the Grand Duchess of Baden. She does not court newspaper notoriety and her manners in conversation are as quiet and simple as those of any mother in the country. She makes you think more of a good mother than of anyone else and her eyes fill with sympathetic tears as she dis cusses the woes of the famine or the sor rows of suffering humanity. She Js a woman who loves her fellow-men and who is endowed with a large amount of the practical ability of knowing how to help them. She was the first woman nurse dur ing the late war and she did great good in the Franco-Prussian war among the wounded. She tells me that the Bed Cross Society does not stand before the world as a -begger, but as a great information bureau, which announces to the people who have means where they have the privilege of giving to help their fellow-men. It also undertakes to forward such gifts to those who are in want, and it devotes itself to national calamities rather than to individual ones. Feakk G. Carpenter A 7BEH0H TBAVELES'B SCHEME. He Wants an Adventurous American Girl for the Virgin of DUoovery. San Fkakcisco, July 2. ."jpudalj . Jules Desiontaines, a French traveler who has just arrived here, has a big scheme for exploration in New Guinea. He has been through English and German possessions in Njsw Guinea, and claims to know the loca tion of rich mines in the interior. His scheme is to interest American capitalists In an exploring expedition, which he wants to he led by an American girl. He will take charge as her chief lieutenant Such an expedition, he thinks, would be a good adjunct to the World Fair, for it would show the co-operation of man and woman in a great enterprise and the union of France and the United States in a peace ful project He appeals to the adventurous American girls to come forward, and he promises she may yet gain the proud title of "The Virgin of Discovery." Desfontaines is a thin, restless young Frenchman, who comet of a good family. He is given a small allowance, which he has eked out by herding sheep in Australia and delivering lectures in America. He came here from Cuba, by way of New Orleans, and proposes to outfit here if he can get his American girl and coin to back her. B. Xk H. DAbm photographs are being moe appreciated arerr day. THE PRICE FOR A MAN Ranges From $10 to $1,000 With Hew .York's Medical Fraternitt. BROKERS IN LITE HUMAN BEINGS, And Deliberate Speculation in r'ufferers From Bare Diseases. A TRAMP BELLS HIMSELF AT AUCTION rcoaaxsroxDzirca or rax stsrATca.! New York, July 2. Stoek markets were not enough novelty in the way of ex changes for the metropolis, in contequence of which our famout surgeons and physi cians have volunteered to become brokers. They have not as yet erected a large towered edifice, in which to buy and sell subjects of valuable diseases for soientifio study to the highest bidder, but the sub jects are not at all baekward in lonnging around the private offices of the new "brokers. " Nor do they appear before the doctors without attracting tbe greatest at tention and discussion over the value of studying their respective diseases. Their complaints are always "uncommon," and while they do not know their value to the specialists, they are determined to hong off nntil assnred the highest figure has been offered. Although dying of incurable diseases, these subjects are capable of inventing all sorts of sohemes to raise the prices they are offered, and their greatest system seems to be to appear before a number of rival specialists and offer to sell themselves so that al can plainly hear. This always causes intense excitement when it occurs, but eo nnfrequently is it that more than one or two prominent doctors can be found to gether that the subjects seldom have such opportunities. An Actual Case of Blddlne. The writer has heard of these happenings several times, but has only witnessed one; of that an exciting scene can be described. It took place this week in the Entrance Hall of the New York Hospital An especially important operation was to be performed that day, and Prof. Robert F. Weir, the operator, had sent out special in vitations to all the greatest surgeons in the country, among whom were: Drs. William T. Bull, FranK Hartly, John A. Wyethe, Charles MoBarnoy, Edward Partridge, H. P. Looznlt, Andrew J. MoCosh and William H. Thompson, to see and aid him in the re moval of an enormous brain tumor. During the operation a wretched "tramp ish" looking man opened the front door of the hospital building and inquired for the Professor- The guard informed him that Prof. Weir was then engaged in the operat ing amphitheater, but if nis case was urgent he had better wait until he came out, as it would not be long. The fellow said nothing in reply, but seated himself at the foot of the staircase, where he waited patiently un til a loud clatter of feet was heard on the stone steps that lead from the amphitheaetr, together with an equally loud chatter of voices growing nearer and. nearer. Wanted to Sell Himself Right Thtre.. As the last corner was turned he arose and took good care to place himself in inch a position, in the middle ot the hall, that the mob of medical men could not pass him without his attracting their attention. Prof. Weir was among them, and when the door man informed him that the man who stood, seemingly with "one foot, in the' grave." had inquired for bim, he advaneed toward the man and said: "Well, what can I do for you, young fellow?" "Doctor, I'm sick and kin get no relief in the dispensary. I kin do no work, and I thought at how I would do as the tello' at tbe dispensary told me tec, and see if yer would pay me something to study me dis ease." No sooner did these words pass his lips than questions came pouring in on all sides, their object being to discover the nature of his malady and its value, but the man did not seem to know. He only knew some thing pained him terribly in his chest He had been informed the name of th trouble in the dispensary, hut could not remember, nor could be understand it However, he said he had no objection to an examination then and there and the surgeons might see for themselves. Hit Case. Tfaa Worth Pajlnr 'or. This revealed the extraordinary fact that the man was dying with an aneurism of the aorta, one of the rarest and gravest condi tions known, for which no treatment has ever proved successful. Even the efforts in tueh cases of Prof. Victor. Horsier, of Eng land, Bergman, of Germany, Billroth, ot Austria, and Bull, of this country, have tailed to give relief. Only a few months ago there was a cat of this kind brought to Prot. Hull, ana the patient was a California millionaire, who offered any price to be cured. But he died after an operation per formed In counsel with six of the greatest American surgeons in St Lnke's Hospital. Thus it is plain the surgeon who effects a cure of this terrible malady will be made famous all over tbe globe. But as such op portunities are rare, it may be many years before one is successful. The discovery caused the wildest excite ment among the assembled specialists. There on a stretcher lay the snbject exam ination proved he had an aneurism of the aorta and the man arose half-way and asked in the feeble voice he bore how much any of them would offer him for the privi lege of experimenting on his malady with a view to cure, if possible. Provided for Wire and Children. He gave his, name at the hospital as Michael 'Bieghe'ren. He was wise in his action, although to some people it may teem terrible, for in his present condition he could do nothing and would live only a few weeks, more or less. He had a wife and three small children living with his sister at 313 Oakland avenue, Williamsburg, half starving on what their mother could earn taking in washing. The operation has not been performed yet, and when it is it will be done in secrecy at a private hospital. In the meantime he is being cared for by the surgeon who is owner of his malady, and who desires to study him awhile before operating. What insurance company would insure his life? Why none, of course, and in a lively combat against One another these noble ministers ot health bid up an insur ance to be received before death, which started at tSO and rub rapidly up to $1,000. Then, too, he has at least a chance of re covery, if he dies under the knife his family will be paid another $1,000 for his dead body in order to allow further study of the disease. The Sneeestfnl Bidder Wat Delighted. The surgeon who finally outbid the party is one of tne foremost iu the country, or perhaps the whole world. He is noted the world over for Having succeeded in some of the most daring attempts, in advance of which none of hit fellow wjorkers approved the undertaking. But to eager were all to excel in tho discovery of some new opera tion that will effect a cure tor suoh aa in curable disease that the opposition against him was very great In taot, not until the others saw he was determined to outbid them did they resign from the field. In reality the subject was of much greater value, to the specialist who finally succeed ed in winning the prise, and he could therefore afford to go In deeper than tbe others. The great surgeons and physicians have pMoma so ager to invent some new process of treattswt, or hold work with the knife, to alleviate or cure morbid phenomena, that the poor wretch who develops in his system novelties of snflaring liable to occur to the wealthy may, from a worldly point of view, consider himself in high'clover. He has onlv to let the specialists know of it, and he finds himself the central attraction when ever he appears among them. Tramps Become Important Persons. Most of these subjects are, or have be come, members of that class of individuals commonly known as "bums," some from their actual inability of earning a respecta ble livelihood and others who never were anything else, Specialists have a strange, but doubtless correct, opinion that the "tramp" who wears himself out m low life is apt to contract tbe same diseases aa the heavy swell in high life. Thus the poor diseased victims wno would die without treatment became subjects of great respect and sometimes affectionate attention. In this citv, as well as in London, Paris, Berlin and Vienna, there is a thriving mar ket for the possessors of curious maladies, and a place in this city, known to an initi ated few where those willing to give them selves up to the justice ot the surgeons scalpel can be found. Once within the por talsof this secret exchange and the dying subjects of disease become as stock in tbe cattle markets. Doctors will buy the privi lege of investigating their maladies without an idea of operating themselves, but to make a large bonus by selling them to some other "brokers," who are making a specialty ui iueir respective diseases. Brokers Hunt Them and Sell Them. Many young struggling doctors make it a part of their profession to hunt up these sufferers in the dispensaries and on the streets and deal with them as brokers do with produce. Of course, the most obvious customers are the eminent specialists con nected with either some of the large hos pitals, or who have their own private hos pitals in which to pursue scientific study, apart from their fellow-workers and out of reach of the law. The majority of them are clinical professors who are always anxious to show rare forms of diseases to a few oi the students in their classes which are able to subscribe an extra fee of from $1 to $500 for an extra lesson over the body of a sub ject dying of some new infliction. If the professor pays $1,000 for such a subject he frequently makes several thousand on the deal. In casea where the subjects are purchased for clinical purposes their value is hinged on the value of exploring in the seat of dis eases and demonstrating over it in the presence of the students. But when such sales are effected, the victim, who is at once taken from a life of pain and misery, be comes an object for tbe enjoyment of the most cordial blessings, nothing is too good for him. He is, among other things, as- sureu mat n ne aies ana leaves nis body for further and indefinite investigation, his estate will be paid a much higher bonus for that privilege, as such an autopsy is very unusual. A Utile Medical Diplomacy. It might be well to say here that in sev eral cases where tbe subjects have died, as they most frequently do, their relatives have refused to allow tbe "valuable au topsy," which is the dissection of the entire body, and fairly blackmail the surgeons. The writer recalls one of these instances at which he was surprised to see the professor, who bad bought the right of investigation and whose operative study caused death, appear unconcerned when tbe wife of the subject decided that her husband had been butchered by him, and that he should be buried in the potters field rather than have "those butchers lay a knife to his dead corpse." The poor man's body was taken away from tbe professor's private hospital, and the woman triumphed that she had got it but of his reach; but a few days later the writer, who has made a study of surgery, received a notice from the same professor stating that an autopsy of remarkable in terest arid value to.stndentt and young doc tors would be made at the College of Physi cians and Surgeons. He was present at the stated time, and was amazed to see laid out on the dissecting table the very same identical form this woman had denied per mission to perform the autopsy upon and believed laid at rest A little investiga tion proved that it was no wonder tbe pro fessor was cool about letting his prize ap parently slip through his fingers. How the Widow Beat Herself, Having investigated and discovered that she was unable to bury it in a private plot, and the law allowing all bodies left for burial In the potters field for the use of surgical science, he was only happy that it did not cost him a thousand or more. Thus the poor wife ot the poor subject gave np what would have been a small fortnne to her without changing the plan of the sur geon. The incomes of moneyed kings could not buy the treatment these poor individuals receive. Then it is positively wrong to suppose these subjects always die, when with their horrible combination of different diseases, they place their lives in the hands or specialists, lor tne crowning feature of all is that if there is a possible cure within the reach of human skill, it it the doctor't advantage and advertisement to effect it The regular scale of prices paid to the brokers tor more common diseaes than the one above are: For a csase of ovariotomy from $30 to $60; skin diseases, from $10 to $100; tumor of the brain or spinal chord, $100 to $500, according to the circumstances, and for nerve diseases, $10 to $300. The subjects are delivered to the purchasers in a coupe, free of charge. James S. Hastmostd. SBAZnS LITTLE WAS. A Federal Warship In Dancer of Dettrno tion In the Rio Grande do Sat Valparaiso, Chile, July 2. Later newt has reached here of the bombardment of the city of Porto Allegro, in the Brazil ian State of Bio Grande do SuL The gun boat Marajo sailed up tbe lake and opened fire on the city. The Castilho forces quar tered in the city were expecting the attack, and with the opening of hostilities began preparation! for the repulse ot the attack ing party. The land forces under command of General Velasquez opened fire from the shore batteries. At the same time the gun boats Enrique Diaz and Camnsin began fir ing from the lake. The combined attack, which was well sustained from shore and lake, proved too strong for the Marafo. She retreated under full headway, pursued by tbe Diaz and Camosin. Owing to the superior batteries and speed of the pursuing vessels, it is believed the Marajo will be captured before she reaches the ocean. Newt also reaches here of a desperate bat tie in Niamo, 12 miles east and south of Porto Alegre on a lake of the same name as the town. Alter three hours' heavy fight ing the Castilhot were defeated. The FedJ eral troops escaped with little loss, but 48 of the Castilhos troops were killed in the battle. Among the killed is Pueros, chief of the republicans. There was also a battle between the contending forces near Bage, in the southern part of the State. In this engagement the Castilhos forces were suc cessful. CoIonePGomex was in command, and routed the Federals. The cavalry lost all of their horses, which tell into the hands of the Castilhot troops. Not Worth While Investigating WASHiNGTOir, July a A sub-committee of tbe House Postoffice Committee, to which was referred the charges made by Samuel Leake, of Philadelphia, against Postmaster General Wanamaker in regard to the pneu matic tube service in Philadelphia, has con sidered the subject and reached the conclu sion that the charges are not sufficient to justify an investigation. Doa'T allow your house to become overrun with roaobet, bedbugt. etc Clean them out wish Buglnti it neverfail. Jo eta. THRIFT mil' A Protective Tariff Has Mads the Little Nation One of the Great Ones. PEOPLE HAPPY AtfD BUST. Population larger Than Ifew Torifa on Less Land Than Maryland. THE POLICY OP THE TWO PIETIES." Echcob Under Clurch Eula Supported Ij Ee'rular Taxation. ., - TOUffG WOMEN KNIT OS THE STREETS coMussroOTKTce or thi dispatch.! Antwibp, June 23. Empty the inhab itants of tbe State of New York into an area no larger than the State of Maryland, throwing in forgood measure the people of one or two of our sparsely settled Western States, and yon will then have a practical illustration of what Belgium is both as to its geographical circumference and the density of its population. With so many months to fill and so little' soil to cultivate she has had a tremendous problem to solve, but nnder a revenue policy of the sort which Lord Salisbury sys England ought to have, and hardly at all dissimilar in kind to that obtaining at present in the TJnited States, she has fought her great battle for material prosperity with mo much wisdom and so mueh success that to-day she is in all vital particulars one of the most thrifty and happy nations on the globe. Her tariff regnlations have had in view as their main feature the promo tion of her own interests. TUp Identical Republican Policy. That which the people needed and could not produce in sufficient quantity by their own labor or through the exercise of their own ingenuity, she has allowed to come in free; but upon things of luxury she has im-' posed a duty, and in all cases in which it has been evident that a tariff upon imports would inure to her own advantage, she has used it All this mav have been very selfish in little Belgium, but it is nevertheless very business like, and very human. In deed, one mizht venture to add remember ing what the New Testament says about tho dnty we are under to provide first for onr own household that such a policy is entire ly scriptural. A careful study for some time of the laws, institutions and conditions of life under which this plucky and happy little people are working out their destiny, has left in my mind a feeling ot real admiration for them. Many things I could wish vastly otherwise, but tbe impression as a whole is favorable. As a loyal American I must naturally wish that they were freed alto gether from the burdens of royalty. Still, the sway of King Leopold is exceedingly mild. He costs considerable, but he doesn't interfere much in the Government Leopold Tired or Ihe Veto Power. So for is he from being a despot that he is actually at this time asking the country to relieve him of the veto pojrenc-W-3b.t ' "-. proposes is that in all those matters In which the King has exercised a constitu tional check upon the Assembly, appeal shall be made hereafter, not to himself, but to a direct vote ot the people. Truly this is a wonderful age when kings, instead of reaching out on all sides for an increase of power,, are voluntarily laying aside even the few shreds of authority which still cling to them! Whether Leopold is lazy, and does not want to bother with such things, or is conscientious, intending to express in this Kef er end urn, as it is called, his conversion to the great New World idea that the people of a country are its rightful- sovereigns, I have not yet had an opportunity to ask. "But whatever the motive, the act Itself is right, and if kings are at all necessary, .Leopold certainly is the sort to have around. Another feature of Belgian affairs which is not satisfactory, but which, happily, will be changed for the better before long, is the restricted status of the electoral franchise. It Is substantially a money franchise, though it has attached to it, chiefly for ornamental purposes.it would seem, a somewhat com plicated educational proviso. In local elec tions one mav acauire a vote by the success ful passing of an examination in certain ele mentary branches of learning; Otherwise the would-be voter, to take a hand in town politics, mnst pay $2 per annum in taxes, and a county vote comes a little higher. Taxation Confers the Risht of Suffrage. I speak of the educational proviso asbeing ornamental rather than useful, because so few comparatively take advantage ot it, and for the additional reason tbatit applies only locally. In general elections, like that just held, this provision has no force. Here it is only taxation which confers the right of tuflrage. The voter must pay about $3 40 in direct taxes. This may be on property, or in any other way, but that amount must be handed over to the Government in some form, or there is no vote. The amount seemt small enough, but'to tee how entirely prohibitive it is to the great mass of the people, one has only to look at the exceed ingly abbreviated election lists. The voters at present number about 130,000, while tho population is over 6,000,000. Surely there is abundant need for reform, and it is grati fying to know that what is so necessary is also imminent. Both of the leading parties are pledged to an extension of tbe franchise. The Catholic, party, which, by a reduced majority, .hat juat been given a new lease of power, will hardly extend it on lines which will satisfy the Liberals." Party politics, like human nature, are much the same the world over, and here, as elsewhere, tbe dominant party ma; be expected, in its new measure ot re form, to consider first how, in serving the dear people, it can also serve itself. But the people will be served all the same. Names or the Parties Are MIsleadlns. Kequired to choose between the two lead ing parties in this country, American senti ment would be sure to array itself nnder the banner of Liberalism. The Catholio partv is conservative, and its opponents say, reactionary. The names, however, might mislead. There are probably few who are not devout church people attached to the latter, but the Liberals muster many Catholics as well. If they did not they would be too utterly insignificant to attract notice, for there are not mora than 20,000 Protestants in all Belgium and the He brews in tbe country, would not swell the number to much beyond 25,000. " 'It is not wholly a struggle for spoils be tween these contending tactions. There art) great principles at stake, and perhaps tho -foremost of these is the school question. The Catholic party is for keeping the educa tional interests of the country in the hands of the Church. The supreme dictator in every school must be the priest Against ' this policy the Liberals protest, and in the great centers where they are in control aa in Brussels and Antwerp they so managa matters as to keep the priests in partial subordination. They may enter the school, and may even teach a lesson, but they hava no voice in the management, and what re ligions instruction is regularly given, llko the teaching of the Catechism which la universal moat be give, not by Uwsvkej. r. I -1 r fisfc
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers