20 WANTT08EANNEXED People of the Hawaiian Group Anxious to Get Under Uncle Sam's "Wing. VALUABLE POEITS TBADE And of Great Service as a Station in the Event of Jfaval War. THE XATITES PAST DXDTG OUT. Picturesque Scenerj and a Climate Un equaled in the World. TEX P1CTDEE8 OF QUEEN AND PEOPLE. tconRrsroDEircE of thi dispatch, j Sa- Fraxcisco, Cai, June 12. The "United States will in a few months be called upon either to accept or reject a free gift of a new Territory and possible State, com prising what is now known as the Sand wich Islands or by their official title the Hawaiian Iblands. The Hawaiian Legislature, which will convene in a few weeks, was elected on the annexation issue, and the result at the polls showed the annexation sentiment to be overwhelmingly popular among the dom inent class. The coming cession will un doubtedly be largely occupied in the discus sion of the terms of the proposition it is about to make. All realize that something of this nature must be done, and, for obvious reasons, com plete union, commercial and political, is desired with the United States. Failing in that England is second choice. , There is a small but active party of ex-Britons to whom their native land is naturally first choice The British party derives its strength from the fact that England is anx ious for the acquisition of the islands, while the United States is apparently indifferent. This indifference arises largely from lack of information of the general public concern- The Royal Palace. ing both the commercial advantages of such a union and, what is of really more im portance, its great strategic value as the halt-way house of the Pacific in the event of war with any of the Pacific coast, South American Stater, or countries of the Orient. A Railroad Talcing a Band. Encland needs the island as a market for its colonies British Columbia and Austra lia, in addition to its superb strategic posi tion, and the Dominion Government, at the instigation of the Canadian Pacific Hail road, has already made some wary over tures looking toward union. The United States need them not a whit less now, aitd when the Nicaragua Canal shall have been finished, their need in the event of war will l3 a crying one. It then may be too late to secure them. The Hawaiian Archipelago comprises a group of eight inhabited islands, 2,000 miles southwest of San Francisco. They have an area of G.4S0 square miles, being about equal to Connecticut, Rhode Island and Delaware combined, and having a popula tion twice that of the least populous State of the Union, Nevada, and considerably more than the last admitted State of Idaho. The chief city is Honolulu, the capital, with a population of 23, 000. The govern ment is at present a limited constitutional monarchy with a form as to its royal branch superficially like that of England, but with a constitution modeled after that of the United Strtes. Executive power is rested in four Ministers appointed by the sov ereign. The Legislature consists of two bodies of 21 members eaeb, the Upper House being composed of nobles who are elected by voters having an annual income of $000, and who are able to read and write. The electors of the Lower House must be able to read and write, and pay at least $5 an nually in taxes. Valuable for Its Commerce. The value of imports during the year 1890 was nearly $7,000,000, the exports for the same period were valued at 13,282,000, making a total foreign commerce of over 520,000,100, or ?225 for each inhabitant, a larger per capita than that of any other country on earth. Over 92 percent of this trade was done with the United States, and 73 per cent of the carrying trade was done by American ships. The principal in dustry is the growth and manufacture of sugar. The amount of capital invested in sugar plantations is oer 533,000,000, of which about $25,000,000 belongs to Ameri cans, the balance being held by the British, Germans and other nationalities. The other industries of the islands are the culti vation ot rice, coffee, bananas, pineapples and live stock. The cofiee is the hnest on earth, and the industry, though compara tively undeveloped, is rapidly attracting capital and promises to become second only to sugar. The finances of the present government are in a healthy condition. It must be re membered, also, that the state of industrial development corresponds very closely with that of our newer States, and the present is but a tithe of the possibilities ot the future. -There are two causes which have led up to the strong annexation sentiment of the dominant classes aside from the reasons ot sentiment and natural fitness. The Islands are now laboring under severe commercial depression owing to the adverse workings of the sugar clause of the present tariff law. AlcKinley and Annexation. Before the enactment of the McKinley Dill Hawaiian sugar was admitted duty free tinder a reciprocity treaty. .They were then on the same basis as Louisiana planters. The duty of 2 cents per ponnd against West India's product represented the Hawaii and Louisiana margin of profit The removal of this and the granting of the compensating bounty to Louisiana planters left the Hawaiians out in the cold. Except in favored spots, sugar can no longer be raised on the islands except at a loss. Four-filths of the owners ot sugar plantation stocks are Americans, mostly residing in the United States, who want annexation and the same terms of protection that are granted their Louisiana brethren. That is the first reason. The second is that continual talk of revolu tion has impaired the credit of the country to the extent that its bonds rank with those of the turbulent South American Republics in European markets in the lace ot con tinued and substantial peace. This exists not through the efforts of the Government, f u, but because the dominant power is a com mercial one which demands peace as a busi ness measure, and without which no revolu tion conld exist for a moment It is a fact that a hundred men of the rnling commercial class could overturn the government, but it is not for the interest of the powerful hundred to do any such thing. The weakness of the little kingdom, how ever, lends color to the stories of revolu tion which emanate on every steamer day from a little coterie of prolessional agita tors without a respectable fbllowiug and with no real influence. Yet this is enough to scare capital and keep Hawaiian bonds of all sorts below par. It is naturally de sired by" people most interested thatthe Government be made so strong that irre sponsible incendiary talk will be isken at its proper value. Wild Goat on the CrafiS. The first glimpse the tourist gets of the Hawaiian Islands is bleak and forbidding, and therefore disappointing, as seven days of steaming to the south and west under bright skies and through balmy, velvety northeast trade -winds usually arouses visions of verdure clad hills and tropic bowers. Instead of this, however, the The Queen. neaks of Oahu. on which Honolulu is situ ated, rise bare and jagged against the sky. They are 2,000 feet high and time was when they presented a truly tropical appearance, but ot late years wild goats have denuded the inaccessible eastern portions of the island ot their verdure. But with the aid of a glass a fringe of greenery is seen along the base of the cliffs, where the bottom lands have been utilized for sugar plantations. Off to the southwest looms Molokal, the island on which the lepers are sequestered. Two or three hours sailing, during which the southern extremity of Oahu is rounded, and the port of Honolulu bursts into view from behind an imposing promontory called Diamond Head. The capital city with its 23,000 people lies on a partially land locked bay and rises gently from the water's edge to the foot hills, embowered in palm and vine and a wreath of tropical flora in endless variety, lor the enterprising inhab itants have transplanted every available tropical plant from all parts ot the world. The city itself is quaint and picturesque, and to the American eve affords a delightful novelty that does not pale after months of residence. There is a large umnese quaner that lor practical purposes is a section of Hong Kong transplanted bodily to the "Peaceful Isles." Several thousand Portuguese; mostly from the Azore Islands, have settled in one portion of the town, building little cottages and cultivating gardens. This quarter is called San MiqueL Not n Beatlns Stove In Town. The Kanakas are, of course, everywhere. The more pretentious and luxurious homes are, as a rule, those of Americans and' English, and the more wealthy nations and half-castes. The residences are almost in variably low and made of wood, for the islands are subject to earthquakes, though none of any severity nave occurred in re cent years. In the business section the buildings rarely rise beyond two stories, though many of the public buildings are imposing and would be a credit to any rich community. An absence of chimneys strikes the stranger as peculiar, and there is prob ably not a heating stove or a fireplace in the" whole city, and no excuse for any, as the temperature is like an American June at its best the vear around. There is about 6 difference b'etween summer and winter. August is the hottest month, and the aver age maximum temperature at noon for that month lsst year was 83. The coolest month was January, and the minimum average for the month was 67, the records "being taken at G A. M. Naturally many consumptives and per sons afflicted with pulmonary diseases find there the ideal climate after exhausting the resources of the States. Honolulu is itself a little Paris inall the things that appeal to the senses, and, too, a Paris under the em pire. There is more wealth and more lux ury than in any city of its size in America, It has 67 miles ot streets and drives, 15 miles ot street railway, reads by electric light, and talks over 1,300 telephones. It has a public library, a college, public hos pital, an elaborate public school system, education being compulsory, a fine State theater, a Y. M. C. A. building, good water works, and a large paid fire department equipped with the best machines. Onefire company is composed entirely of China men. The Native Are Dying: Cat. The native Hawaiians are dying out, as did the Maoris of New Zealand, and from much the same causes. There are now about 40,000 full blooded natives on the islands, and about 8,000 half-castes. The for mer are decreasing at the rate of about 2 per cent a year, and it is estimated that they will Native Canoe. practically disappear as a race in about 30 years. Except in the rural districtsthe na tives appear averse to raising families, and fibysical degeneracy and dissipation is do ng the rest It is "believed that 100 years aeo, when Captain Cook discovered the islands, they supported a population of 400, 000 souls. The islanders 'were then at the height of their powers, physical and men tal. They were brave to an incredible de gree and generous to a fault But Cook after sailing away came back arrogant beyond measure and abused the hospitality of the natives, destroying the jmperslitious adoration in which he had been held. A rupture occurred over Cook's attempting to recover a boat stolen by some of the Kanakas. In the dispute one of his men killed a native chief. This in furiated them and Cook himself shot a man who hit him with a stone. In the struggle he was heard to groan. This settled the snbject'of his deityship. They exclaimed: "He is no god," and killed him at the water's edge as he was endeavoring to escape. Peace was patched up afterward, but the downfall of the race commenced at that time. Contagious diseases introduced by Cook's sailors commeuced the work or decimation with all the fierceness of an epidemic. From that time on the downfall ot the race went on apace. The Introduction of Eiqnor. Succeeding traders Introduced liquor, and continuing the wretched work commenced by Cook, added to the burden of evils which only tbe missionaries have vainly endeavored to check. Marital relations were then held with little or no sanctity, and there was no word in the Hawaiian language signifying chastity. The native Hawaiians are very satisfactory as police men, hack drivers, firemen and longshore-, men. As stevedores and deck hands, where excitement and gin go with the work, their equal does not exist on earth. As common sailors, boatmen and cowboys they show marvelous skill and endurance. The native nneontaminated by foreign I IMII W A. the influence is happy, careless, fond of flowers and music, full of' sentiment and wholly un touched by sordid cares. If he takes a fancy to one no favor is too great to lay on the altar of friendship. If not, he Will even refuse to do business with the obnoxious stranger. The love of flowers Is a marked race characteristic, and the group of Kanaka women making wreaths on the sidewalk flower .market is one of the picturesque sights of Honolulu. As the women grow old they run to phenomenal obesity, and no woman is too old or to fat to bedeck herself in wreaths and garlands on such a trivial occasion as going to market She may be barefooted, and her Mother Hubbard, which is the universal dress among the lower classes, may be torn, but she is hot fully dressed without a jannty sailor hat having a crown of natural flowers, rising on the brim. ' The National Food ana Drink. The national drink is, "sand paper gin, and the national food is poi. This is a paste slightly soured, made from the taro root These roots are about the size of a turnip, and, on being pounded to extract the fiber, produce a flour, starchy in character, which is mixed with water and allowed to ferment It is properly eaten with the fingers. Paste so thick that one finger only is required to capture a mouthful is called one-finger ppi. Fermenting a day longer it becomes thin nerand requires two fingers to properly handle it It is then called two-finger pot Beyond the four finger limit it becomes un manageable and. requires thickening with fresh stock. Poi is eaten with a little salted fish as a relish. It is really indis tinguishable from common bill sticker's paste somewhat soured. The taste for it has to be cultivated, but once acquired poi is found an ideal hot-climate diet The ethical condition of the natives has undoubtedly been greatly Improved by mis sionary effort, though the religions life is not as great as is commonly supposed. Superstition has a firm grip on the native mind and between this, kept alive by the native Kahunas or witch doctors and Chris tian teachings, the masses are atheistical in their belief. The present ruler, Queen Liliuokalani, who ascended the throne upon the death of her brother, King Kalakaua, is a person of much culture and dignity, and is very punc tilious in matters ot court etiquette. She has a stipend as Queen of 120,000 per an num, to which is added tbe income of the crown lands, amounting to about $75,000 yearly, a sum sufficient to maintain royal state in very good style. A Standing Army of Sixty-Four Men. The royal castle is an imposing structure, located in a large park. There is a stand ing army of 64 men all told. The late King endeavored to establish a navy and pro cured one steamer, which he refitted and manned and sent off to annex Samoa to his kingdom. The exploits ot the navy.ln this A Honolulu Residence. enterprise have never been equaled outside a comic opera. Hawaiian royalty costs the people about $150,000 per year, and its lack of ability is a source of expense to the United States, for it is deemed advisable to keep a war ship in Honolulu harbor constantly. This Government desires a dominating influence there. The first move looking to that end was in 1876, when a reciprocity treaty was established. In 1889 Secretary Blaine pro posed to make the treaty permanent and to create absolute free trade between the two countries to make the cession ot the naval station permanent and to pledge to Hawaii full participation in bounties granted Amer ican producers of sugar. Commercially Hawaii was to become one with the United States. There were other provisions look ing to the exclusion of other nations, and establishing a sort of mild protectorate over the islands. At this time the Attorney General was a Canadian named ABhford, who, adroitly using the local political situa tion, succeeded at the instigation of the Dominion Government and the Canadian Pacific Bailway in defeating this treaty, promising better terms with Canada, which have not since materialized. Permanency of a Naval Station. The United States stands without perma nent guarantee ot its limited rights. Pearl Harbor is useless for a naval station with out certain improvements. These, of course, have not been made, as the length of the treaty would not warrant the con struction ot wharves and coaling station machinery, which would in a few years re vert to the Hawaiian Government The opponents of annexation to the United States are naturally the court cir cle, composed of a tew wealthy whites, and a number ot prominent half-casts and Ha waiians who hold office under the crown. This is a small and impotent minority. Then there is the so-called revolutionary party, the leaders of which, 20 in number, are now in jail on a charge of treason. The mass of natives do not know what they want, and are divided in their councils. The intelligence and wealth of the islands are a unit for union with the States. On the night ot the revolution a party, which has been conspiring under the name of the Hawaiian Protective Association, since last October, to seize the Government when the inevitable collapse of royalty shall come, indulged in a public demonstra tion, denouncing the Queen and clamoring for a republic. The next morning a score of ring leaders were arrested. Had they possessed real power it would have been the occasion of an uprising, but the instigators of this movement are moneyless and have no standing, though some have held im portant offices in times post V. "V. Ash ford and Wilcox and Bush, the two latter half casts, are professional agitators who have forfeited the confidence they once had with tbe court faction and who never hod any with the rest ot the community. The fiasco of last month probably settled the party desiring a Hawaiian republic Clarence A. "Webster. A HATI0N 07 1EPEB8. In One Section of the V. S, of Colombia There Are 100,000 of Them. Sew Orleans Picayune. It is said that the United States of Co lombia almost deserves the name of a na tion of lepers. This disease was unknown to the aboriginal inhabitants of the coun try, the first case on record being that ot a Spanish priest in 1646. Although many assert that the disease is non-contagions, it has gradually spread over the country, and in the last score of years its progress has been so rapid that scarcely any populated locality is unin fected. It is said that one of every ten in habitants of the Departments of Santander and Boyaca has the disease. The estimate would place the total number of lepers in that section of Colombia alone at 100,000. The most conservative estimate sets it at 30,000. Fa it and Fancies or Princes. Abbas Pasha, the new Khedive, has a fad, it we may believe the ehronielers of Vienna, like most rulers. The young Khedive delights in the companionship of gold fish, and once trained a German carp to come to the top ot its tame at ms call or "Chirral chirral" The Czar collects postage stamps. The late Prince 'Albert Victor, of "Wales, had a room full of cigar ette boxes. The young King of Spain oollects mischief, and the Prince of Monaco strands from tbe ropes with which gentle men who do not.beat the bank adjust them selves to the trees of Monte Carlo. I FMrrsBtrib DisPAJroH. THE APOSTLES' CREED. Modern v Progress Is Making Wider the Gate Into the Church. THERE ARE BUT FEW ESSENTIALS. The Central Figure of It all Is Bini Who Died Upon tbe Cross. E00M -FOE B01TCST DIFFERENCES rwicrrrxir ron th disfatcb Some day, when we' are all wiser and better than we are at present, we will be satisfied to take the Apostles1 Creed at the sufficient statement of our filth. Not of our individual faith, perhaps we may be lieve a great deal more than tliat bnt of our common Taith. "We will be content if oar brethren believe as much as that "We will account as orthodox all who can recite the brief creed of the apostles. s'JMjssam'i7aass sions, nor abrogate the articles, nor annul the decrees. "We will keep these venerabV documents upon our bookshelves for refe ence, for guidance, for the sake of the im portant part which they have played in ecclesiastical history, and, in greatmeasure, for their intrinsic value. For all these old dogmatic statements have a good deal of truth in them; let ns not deny that There will be no objection,ven in the millennium, to a complete acceptance of the entire "West minster theology by anybody who will. But we will not insist that everybody else must also accep(t the conclusions of the "West minster divines. All Can't Believe Alike. That is the great' mistake of -the creed makers, that they want to make all people believe exactly alike to the remotest par ticular. And that is against human nature. God did not make us that way. God never meant that the creed should be monotoned by any Christian congregation; that is, that all believers should recite it in one tone of voice. He meant that it should be a psalm of praise, sung with the harmony of ail the parts, a hundred different voices joining in it together, making it musical. It is well that we should agree in certain essentials. But the probability is that we will make these essentials fewer and fewer, agreeing in a thousand other thinga to dis agree, until we get to the Apostles' Creed. Then we may desire to attain to a still greater height ot simplicity. And we may come at last to the brie t creed of St. Peter, the only creed which has received the direct commendation of the Lord Jesus Christ "Thou art the Christ the Son of the living God." We may some time be satisfied to admit into the Christian Church all who can say that Bat we are as yet a long way of! from that blessed simplicity. We in sist that our brethren must believe a hun dred times as. much as that The apostles themselves would, no doubt, find difficulty in getting into some of our religious de nominations. , A Wide Gats Into the Church. It seems as if the great desire of ssme Christians is to keep out of the church as many people as they can. Whereas the voice of the church, when Christ and the apostles uttered it, was the voice of invita tion. We ought to want to make the gate into the church as wide as we oan. And the Apostles' Creed makes a good wide gate. The doctrine of the church ought to be contained within the limits of the creed. The doctrine of the individual may have no limit at all. But let us aree in this. The heart of the creed is Christ The mid die part of the creed tells us who Christ is and what he did. The first part and the last tell us what Christ taught Even the Apostles' Creed, however, is not so plain and definite but that It offers a choice of meanings. The truth with which it is concerned is so rest that there must of necessity be room for various points of view. Even tbe creed is not written in the language of mathematios. What I want to do to-day is to make a, brief journey through the Apostles' Creed, commenting upon certain parts of it which offer an op portunity of mistake, or which need expla nation. Then I purpose to say something about the reason for our acceptance of the statements of the creed. Where There's Boom for Dlffervse. "He descended into hell." There are two I words in the original languages of the Bible which id our authorized English version are translated "hell." One is "gehenna," which means the place of punishment The other is "hades,." which means the place of departed spirits. The word in the creed has the second of these meanings. The article is a strong statement of the reality of the death of Christ , He was buried, his body was put into the grave; and he descended into hell his soul went into the place of departed spirits. Associated also with this article, is the belief, which is suggested by various passages of Holy Scripture, that heaven does not follow " immediately after the death even of the faithful, but that all souls wait in paradise till the kingdom of God shall come. "The Communion of Saints" is another article in which it is possible to read the same suggestion as to the-life which follows death. Death does not separate the soul Irom tbe church of Christ We who are here and they who have gone before join in prayer and adoration in the presence ot the" same God. "The forgiveness ot sins" does not mean a change in the sinner's condition as re gards his sin; there is no interruption be tween cause and consequence; there is no denial of the text which tells us that "what soever a man soweth, that shall he also reap." The change is in the relation be tween the sinner and the heavenly Father. The sinner turns away from God. He s"et a separation between himself and God. But the love of God is unceasing. And when ever any sinner turns back, and is sorry, and loves God again, the Father in heaven has In instant welcome for him. He is not the same as if he had not sinned. He may indeed, be the better for the fall and the lesson it has taught him. But he is for given. There is mutual love again be tween God and the sinner. Differences ts to the Resurrection. As for the "resurrection of the body," we may interpret that nccoiding to the sense of Holv Scripture. St Paul says that the body with which we will be clothed in. the resurrection is not the body which is put into the grave, God will give us another body, a spiritual body. And vet in identity the same body, as a plant and the seed out of which it grows are esentially the same. And capable of recognition, even as Christ, after his resurrection, having a body posses sing new and marvelous properties, was yet known bv those who loved him.. "And the life everlasting." There is no word in either of the creeds about the death everlasting. That punishment will continue just as long as sin contlnues.is a truth which is plain and inevitable. Sin always brings punishment, and must always oring pun ishment, to all eternity. And since man has the power of choice, and with it the power of choosing evil, aud, so far as 'we can see, must, for the perfection of his na ture, have that power everlastingly, there Is a possibility of everlasting sin, and, ac cordingly, of everlasting punishment And there are words in Holy Scripture which read as if there might be such an everlast ing fact of human and' even of divine fail ure as everlasting punishment Some peo ple think that the hard texts are capable of other readings, and that all the prodigal sons of God will at last return to their Father's home, and obedience, and love; and that hell itself .will be abolished. The creeds set no negative to this doctrine of eternal'hope. aha Doctrines All Can Accept. It remains to eonslder what Is the founda tion of our belief in these essential state ments of the Christian faith. Christ is 'not only the heart of the creeds, hut he ii the gtfM:? tm& supremeteacher upon whose assurance we rely when doubt assails us. That above all Is, God, we may believe without the help of the testimony of Christ The existence of Bod is the most reasonable inference, going beck from effect to cause, that can be drawn from the order and growth of nature and from the mind and soul of man. And that God is Almighty, so that he can do nU'thinge which belong to the realm of power and righteousness,might alit Viowa riaan whabbaH f anrf IB Tint, fltf" fieult of acceptance. AuA that God is the J maker of heaven and earth this, too, the prof oundest thinkers have found consistent with their deepest researches. But that God is our Father that God really eares lor us, really loves us, His children, here we get into the range of hard questions. Here we have need of help. For sometimes our consciousness says "yes," and sometimes "no," to the Father hood of God. It makes a great deal of dif ference whether it is day or night, whether prosperity or adversity attends us, who is there who has hot asked in the-hour of darkness, in the midst of pain and Borrow, does God care? We want somebody, who really knows to tell ns. And Christ comes to tell us. And we accept that blessed truth, putting the doubts away, not because we havxs reasoned ont the problem of pain fcand got a logical and satisfying answer, but knows more nhnnt that than we ever can. and we have been contented to accept His word. The Forgiveness of Sins. ' And that God will foreglve our sins, and that he will raise us up alter death to life eternal who has thoueht out these deep and hidden ruths? Who has dared to set sin and salvation, and life and death, to gether, and to say as the result of his own reasoning, "I know?" Doubts and difficul ties gather about us, and We are not metaphysicians, we are not theologians, we have no answer to these perplex ing questions. What shall' we do then? Why, let Us listen to the Master. Where is the wise man, where is the philosopher whom we can trust to solve these problems for us like the Lord Jesus Christ Our cer tainty that these assertions of the creeds are true, our acceptance Of these Unspeak ably important truths, and our foundation of our life and destiny, thereon, rest on our faith in Jesus Christ That is what faith does. It makes it possible for us to accept upon the word of some one Whom we trust that Which we can not or do not verify. This helpful faith is as universal as humanity. We are all the time accepting statements which we cannot or do not verity upon the word of some one whom We trust This is one of the' condi tions ot our thinking. We cannot get along without it Probably nine-tenths of all the truths that we know "rest upon the basis of faith. Most geographical truth evidently does. Most scientific truth also does. We have to depettd upon the travelers atid upon the men who hate the time and skill to make experiments. We ' have neither opportunity nor money nor ability to work out many of the hard problems for pur selves. We accept the eolutioni of the scientific masters. , , "What Christian Faith Is. Now, Christian taith is not different in its nature from any other kind of faith. It is, first, supreme trust in a person; and then, following naturally after that, an assured acceptance of the truth of what that person says. Faith carries into the .spiritual world that inevitable recognition of the necessity of dependence on the testimony by which we live every day in the intel lectual world. Christian faith is trust in the Supreme Spiritual Master. He who taught in Galilee spake as never man spake. After all the centuries of growth and en lightenment and progres, JeBus Christ is stiUHe who uttered the ultimate word. Never has truth in religion been discovered anywhere, among all the creeds, all the philosophers, which we do not hud in the brief record of his life. Jesus Christ knew more about'' those truths which are spiritually discerned than all the saints of all time have ever dreamed of. And he said that God loved, us, that salvation from sin is possible, and that alter death is me everlasting. The Heart of th Creed. And the Church seii this assurance, this revelation of Christ .here In the creed. And there are no arguments set down be side it Christ said it The man who lived the one ideal life ot all history said it The pre-eminent .teacher of all the race satd it. Can we do better, who are" so far beneath him in even our highest spiritual attain ments can we do better than to commit to Him the solutions of , tbe problems, to take His word, to trust Him, and to rest content in the absolute assurance that when He said He knew, He knew indeed. In the English Berolution of tne eight eenth century, when the two great armies, the English and tbe Scotch, lay facing one another at Dunbar, and the moment came for battle, the war cry of the -Scotch was "The CovenantI The Coyenantl" Their shout was lor the defense of that elaborate and difficult formulation of metaphysical theology. But the battle cry of Cromwell was "The Lord ot Hosts!" And Cromwell won. That victorious watch-word will al ways win. The heart of the creed is Jesus Christ our Lord. He is the beginning and the middle and the end of the doctrine of the Church. George Hodges. WHBK MEN GST PAHICKT. Why Do Frospectlve Bridegrooms Bepent on the Eve of Their Marriages ? New York World. The case of the Illinois physician who went mad on the morning of his wedding day is an illustration of the tendenoy of impending matrimony to unbalance the masculine mind. It happens not commonly but often enough to be easily remarked that prospective bridegrooms lay violent hands on themselves or run away, without any ap parent reason, on the eve of their mar riages. Such phenomena are probably due less to real impediments or strong aversion to marriage than to a demoralized state of the intellectuals brought about by too anxious a consideration of the serious ness of the proposed change. As the chance of backing out gets less the happy man gets panicky, until suddenly his wits go back on him and he runs, just as green troops often do when they are drawn up with nothing to do but await the approach of the enemy. Curiously enough it doesn't often happen that way with brides, tbe reason being per haps that they are too much occupied with their tronsssaux and wedding plans to worry unduly as to whether marriage will suit them or not One of Great Brltlan's Oldest Cabbies. New York Post. 1 One of the oldest cabbies in Great Britain is George Haygartb, of Glasgow. He was born In 1812, and gained his 'first coaching and cabbing experience in Manchester and Edinburgh. When, in 1840, the'magistrates of Glasgow offered a premium to any person who would start cabs for public hire, Hay garth introduced two from Edinburgh to the western city. He also drove the first hansom cab put on the streets of Glasgow for hire in the beginning of 1852. A public subscription is now being raised for the veteran. Hot it New Orleans Picayune. Each Jeweled link we'll find some day That's niisslns from the golden chain; And drifting barks so long astray Shall wander into port again. The leaves from out life's volume torn , BhallaUbe gently yet replaced: And all the drawings blurred or torn Shall oy the master be i etraced. The broken, rusted lyre forgot, Kestmng again shall sweetly sing; The door, of empty cage bar not, Lest evening may the birdling bring.1 Think nseless all tbe pain we've felt. Toe bitter tears that fell llko ratnT Kay. friend, that knee has never knelt whoee prayer quite has been in Tain. DEATH 11 CARTOONS. The Reaper Stands Grimly in the Background of Every Picture NERVOUS 8TEAIN KILLED GfiEVlN, Athletic Hamilton Eayi It's Easier to ' found iron lit Day Long. ABftSTS FORCED TO BLAXATION rWMTTBH FOB THX DISFATCtt.! f Grevin, the famous French caricaturist, died in Pans recently, and a writer lor Mr Labouchere's Truth, in commenting on the artist's death, askrts that Grevin's physi cal collapse, which antedated his demise by three or four years, was directly attributa ble to the peculiarly exhaustive work for which a caricaturist is responsible. "There is no form of art that takes so much out of one's nervous system," re marks this writer, "as that of catering to 'public amusement as a caricaturist Grevin became paralyzed, but his stomach kept strong to the end. The brain survived the limbs and certain muscles of the torso, but it gave way'long before he died. Long be fore his death he felt that he was sapped in mind, and conceived the plan of releasing nimself from the drudgery of comic journal ism by starting a wax-work show." .Exhausting and Enervating. . There is no strain in running a shew Of this kind, as any one may learn by inspect ing the well-fed persons of the gentlemen who direct the fortunes of the Eden Musee in New York, but although the change for Grevin was a relief, it came too late, and he died thoroughly and nervously worn out I don't suppose that anyone of the thousand readers who look every week for tbe cartoons in America's large comic papers, have ever stopped to think that these productions represented any greater expenditure of nervous force aud energy on the part of the artist thau is represented by an etching and a painting, but there seems to be no doubt of the facts in the ease. Speaking of Grevin's death the .other day, Mr. Bernhard Gillam, perhaps the leading caricaturist of the country, declared with out reservation that, so far as his experience went, the work of producing cartoons and caricatures was more exhausting and ener vating than any other mental or physical labor that could be mentioned. "Look at Mr. Hamilton, for example." Hamilton is one of Mr. Gillam's associ ates, and as the conversation to which I am referring occurred in their rooms, the matter of looking at Hamilton was comparatively asy. As many 'people know, Hamilton's figure discloses the vigorous' makeup of an athlete. He is nrobably 6 feet 10 Inches in height His chest measurement, I should think, is certainly not less than 42 inches. He has a strong neck that would probably be unoomfortable in anything less than a 16 collar, and his limbs are mastodonic. It's Easier f o Ponnd Iron. "Why," said Hamilton, rising and join ing in the conversation, "I was Drought up in my father's iron foundry. I used to go to work at 8 o'clock in the morning, pound away until noon, came back at 1 o'clock and did not knock off work until 6 o'olock in the evening; and when I was all through Ifeltjust as strong and ust as vigorous as I had felt when I had started in after a good night's sleep. "With cartooning and caricaturing, how ever, the story is m very different one. After working a few hours I became un easy; I can't keep my legs still. Finally I have to put the work ou one side and go out to counteract the effects of the continual strain on me that comes with this kind 'of work. I am compelled to take regular out door exercise. I run a baseball club down at Mapleton, on the way to Gravesecd, and when I play ball lor two or three hours or engage in a" match game I begin to feel something like my own self again." "Something similar to this," said Mr. Gillam, "is true of all the members of the staff here and of nearly every caricaturist that I know. There is my brother Victor. ,He gets so run down that it is absolutely necessary lor mm 10 go 10 Europe every vear,and when he gets back again he doesn't feel quite as well as he did tbe previous year, when he started in. In other words, he is losing physical ground all the time. Impossible to Work SUadlJy. As for Zimmerman, there is a man who has to throw up his work oftentimes in the middle of it and go oft shooting or fishing in order to get his physical machinery in working order again. His eyes grow weak and his stomach gives out If he could wcrk along steadily for a fair number of hours, he could easily make $20,000 or $25,000 a year. But, as it is, I don't sup pose that his income foots up to more than half these figures. "Humorous work," added Mr. Gillam, "is undoubtedly the saddest work in the world. That Is to say, for the fellow who does it It may or may not be fnnny for other people. It is like Grimaldi, who died of a broken heart You remember that English cartoon representing an even ing party and two men just entering the room, one of whom is tall and cadaverous and the other short and portly and beam ing with good nature. Someone in the room remarks that these two men are the celebrated cartoonist of Jvnch and tbe editor of the obituary column of the London Timet. A lady present, proud ot her per spicacity, at once identified the short, jolly man as the cartoonist and tbe long and cadaverous man as the obituary editor. It is' soarcely necessary to say that she got things turned round exactly wrong. It was the man of serious and funereal aspect who did the cartoons. Cannot Pot In a Whole Day. "As for myself," concluded Mr. Gillam, "I can only say that I had to pull up stakes in the middle of last winter and take a three months' trip to the Bermudas. Often and often I have started in early in the morning and declared to myself that I had eight or nine good hours' work before me and that I could accomplish a specified re sult in that time. I have worked along till about 12 or 1 o'clock. About 2 o'clock the work became a most intolerable labor, and whether I wanted to or not I would be compelled to close up my desk and go home." It would be interesting to have somebody formulate a reason why the work ot the caricaturist is so exhausting. It would perhaps be difficult to give one reason, or a succession of them, that would be thor oughly satisfactory. Of course the work of the caricaturist in gathering material is on erous and exhausting, for the reason that only a limited class of subjects is open to. him. In order, therefore, to secure what he wants he has to go over the whole field nf current hannenintrs. His subiect deter mined on, it requires the most studious andv palmtaclng worK to give to tne nnmorous idea that he hasvConcelved, the adequate humorous embodiment that is necessary. Cartoons Are Easier In Europe. "I do not believe," said Mr. Joseph Kep pler, the caricaturist ot New York, "that any kind of labor can be more exhausting than tbe work of conceiving and executing the cartoons lor the comic papers. Ot course the chief strain on the nerves comes in the conception of the idea for the car toon. The execution of it is a compara tively easy task. There are various reasons why the work of constructing cartoons in this country is ten times more taxing than in the old countries. The cartoon that is popular in Europe is one embodying a single incident in tbe political world, and fre quently only ona or two figures are repre sented. Hero a whole story has to be worked into the picture by means of a series of figures, each figure bearing a distinct reference to the story. Frequently this cannot be done in one picture, and it then becomes necessary to hare a small side pic ture, gWntr tan result Of the story told la' the large picture. TSe American public always want to know the result of the incident represented ill the cartoon, so that if the cartoonist has dritwn on his imagination for an incident and embodied it in his nlotnre he has to drfcW further on bit imagination for the' result oi tne incident and emooay tnai in the picture also. Compared to work of this kind the work of the European artist is a sinecure ' Drawing; Pictures Ahead of Time. Another reason for the extraordinary strain on, the Serves of the cartoonist is that as a general thing he is forced to draw his Icturesso far ahead of the occurrence that to he caricatured that he frequently has to make a guess at the result I cannot tell you how many sleepless nights and what amount of nerve-destroying anxiety I have to 30 through in studying the political sit uation and making deductions and calcula tions so that my cartoon shall agree with the issue of events that are transpiring at the time the picture is drawn. "When I first began to draw cartoons I worked for all that I was worth and for seven years I managed to keep going. Then I collapsed all at once and had to go away for Several months. I got so nervous that the men were afraid of me. If a man crossed me In any way it required all my self-control to keep from knocking him down. This experience I have had at intervals ever since, and it forces me to go right away from the work or I should break down completely. This is a particularly trying time for the cartoonist, as the Presidents! race is getting interesting and the political cartoons are studied with a sharpened inter est As a consequence the cartoons are ex pected to contain an unusual amount of bright and original ideas." H. D. Jones. BIS 8O0TG KAY FBEE EIK, A Mtulesl Convict" in Sing; Sine Prison and His Love Story. Every now and then Sing Sing Prison furnishes a romance, and a case in point is the Story told about Alfred Sheridan, who is serving a term for forgery. He was engaged to be married in the Week he was arrested for his crime, says the New York IXtntt, and so devoted was his fiancee that she expressed a willingness to marry him even behind the prison bars; but this he would not allow. She.otten goes to visit him, and as they are both fond of music they sing together tu iub ueugut 01 me prisoners. She ha written several pretty songs and sent them to Sheridan. He has also com posed several songs in his prison cell. One of his compositions, entitled "Sweet Little Mary Ann," was written by jotting down the notes on a piece of cardboard as he whistled tbe air. He has sold it to a New York music publisher for $25 and 1,000 copies. With the cash and what he expects to realize from his 1,000 copies, he has en gaged a lawyer to present his case to the Governor for a pardon, and as a prelimin ary his sweetheart is soliciting signers to a petition to be presented to the Governor at the same time.' A C0NK88I0N ALBUlt It la a Kaw Fad In English Drawing-Booms and Beseinblrs a Diary. The English drawing-room has a new fad, says a writer in the St Louis Pott-Vitpateh. which is as unique as it Is interesting. On a table in the drawing-room or the reception hall is kept a handsomely bound volume with the word "confessions" running in large, gilt letters over the handsome bind ing. In it are contained all the, gossipy or sen timental thoughts of the members of the family or intimate friends, which they in scribe from day to day. Here and there one finds a line quoted from some more or less noted poet to Indicate the sentiment that swayed the writer's heart and communi cated itself to his pen at the time he made the inscription or some aad or foyful hap- fienlng has caused hlm-tO leave behind the mprlnt of his-state of mind by purloining a phrase from a familiar author. The name or the writer is signed to each inscription, and weeks afterward this quaint volume furnishes food for the amusement of the in itiated by Its curious contents. It is not only In many cases an index to the character of those who are permitted to write in it, but it reflects their temperament as well, like a diary in which are entered the events of a space of one's life. THE PABI8IA5 PBE3SL J. "W. Scott, of Chicago, Gives an Interest ing Description ofthe Figaro. James W. Scott, of Chicago, who has just returned from Paris, and Is an expert, says: "The Paris Fgaro Is a remarkable morn ing paper, with an immense circulation, but very different from what is regarded as a great paper in Chicago. It has only four pages, one of these being standing adver tisements and is set in bourgeois. The force of the compositors numbers only 22, yet this paper makes a profit of ?600,000 a year. "Its writers are men of great ability and reputation. For example, its dramatic writer is a man so well known and so highly esteemed for his ability that the circula tion of Figaro is 25,000 copies more on a day when one of his critiques appears than on other days. The opening ot the Salon is an event of such importance in Paris that the entire front page of Figaro is usually given up to an account of it by celebrated writers, while what we would consider a sensational murder, and treat as such, is disposed of in a few lines. ZUSOFZ'S HEAVIEST EATKES. Bnssla's Czar and England's Own Albert Said to Be the Greatest Fe asters. According to the Marquise de Fontenoy, two of the heaviest eaters in Europe at the present moment are the Czar of Bussia and the Prince ot Wales. The number of their repastrand the amount of food consumed at each of these arejenough to startle ordinary mortals. The Prince of Wales, for instance, after a first light meal on arising, eats an enor mous breakfast, and an equally copious luncheon following at 2 o'clock. At 5 or 6 o'clock there is a kind of tea; that is to say, it is tea only in name,and resembles far more the Bussian "prashnick," for it includes caviar and pate-de-foie gras, sandwiches, smoked salmon and all sorts of what are falsely termed "appetizers." It is indeed a square meal, washed down by drink which is far stronger than tea. Between 8 and 9 o'clock there follows dinner, and shortly after midnight the Prince is ready once more for a very hearty supper. Filling an Elephant's Tooth. It is not every dentist on whom the task devolves or illuminating the cavernous mouth of an elephant in the discharge of his professional duties. A large show was on exhibition in a town in Michigan, bht the showman's elephant, which was a tower of strength to the performance, was sud denly seized with the toothache, and the whole caravan was demoralized. It was found that the trouble arose from a decayed tooth. None of the local practitioners fan cied the job of filling the cavity, and the proprietor of the shpw telegraphed to a New York dentist The New Yorker went on by the first train and tackled the case in a very practical and businesslike way. First chloroforming the elephant, he braced open the brute's mouth with two crossed hickory stioks, and from these he suspended an electric lamp. This gave a light that en abled (he filling of the tuoth to be satis factorily and easily accomplished, and in an hour's time tbe show was in full blast and the dentist, with a fat fee in his pocket, was on the way back to New York. SEffAfltf POISONS OF May be Gotten Bid of Easily ly Treating With Electricity. . THE CURREBT IK POWDER MILLS. Appliance to Keep People From Getting Bnmped,DT EleTaton. FBE8H BITS OF ETBRT DAI BCIEJIC1 rwjuTTzar ron thi vurxTcAI The injury done to the public by the dls. charge of waste products of factories is one which wilL s6oner or later, have to be seri ously considered. It has been suggested that the evil can he readily remedied by the electrical purification of the products. In illustration of the possibilities in this direction is cited the successful treatment by electricity of the sewage in English and German cltiei The sewage is ordinarily taken miles away to the sewage farm and treated, and the effluent from the farm is expected to be practically pure water, freo from all contamination. Curing Its passags from the sewage carriers to the effluent, the water has undergone a process of filtration through the soil into the drains and another process of oxidation. This process is duplicated, with a great saving in time, bv electricity. Electrodes are put into the liquid sewage, and large quantities of oxygen are generated. The oxidizable matter Is thus brought into con tact with free nascent oxygen in a very short space of time, whereas nature might take days, or even weeks, in the process. The operation is none the worse for being hurried, and the t esult is exceedingly satis factory. It is now asked why this process cannot be applied to the waste liquid prod ucts of factories before these waste products are allowed to enter the sewers. If so, instead of passing the waste liquid into the sewers, and thus adding to the contamination of the nearest watercourse, it would doubtless be possible to pass the purified liquid through surface drains, and this would considerably assist the drainage system of towns. The only objection to any schema of the kind is that manufacturers who hitherto have had no charge for purification of waste would be subjected to such a charge. Safety Device for Elevator. Many lives have been lot from the ab sence of a proper system ot elevator super, vision and handling. Attention was re cently drawn to the danger of this haphaz ard method by an incident that occurred in a large music hail where it obtained. One of the waiters, carrying a tray of refresh ments, bad to wait for the elevator, and looked into the shaft to ascertain the posi tion of the car. It happened to be coming down, and before he could withdraw his head the car struck him and he was fright fully injured. Another and commoner class of accidents are due to persons falling down the shaft through doors which have been carelessly left open, and this danger has never until now been thoroughly guarded against Electricity, ho ever, as usual, has stepped in and supplied exactly what was needed. This device operates in preventing the starting of the elevator car until all the doors or entrances at the difierent floors are properly closed and secured, and by its use the risk to the public of the employment of the careless or incompetent conductors that the managers of some buildings seem to think it economical to engage is greatly neu tralized. The invention consists of a quad rant, with projections placed on the wheel of the starting machinery, together with an electrical arrangement by which tbe door of the elevator shaft on each floor is connected, with a pair of magnets controlling a lever, which prevents the starting wheel from, moving unless every door to the shaft is closed and locked. On.openingthe door tha current is broken and the armature lever i released. The machinery cannot be started until the door is closed again and the arma ture lever is withdrawn. Electricity In Powder Mills. No stronger evidence Of the safety of electric lighting- installations can be afforded than the fact that a great many explosives factories are now being lit by electricity. While electricity increases the safety of this branch of industry in one way it les sens it in another. There is a great deal of free electricity thrown off in various stages of the manufacture, and the disposition of this, so that it can be removed ont of harm's way, is a serious question. The charge of a powder cake press with ebonite plates may practically be considered as an electrio pile, and a large amount of friction or electric influence from outside may cause a sufficient electric charge to give off sparks. Several undisputed cases of this kind have been known, and the following instanco oc curred at a large European factory. The workman, having just finished charg. ing, opened the valve for the hydraulic pressure when he became aware of an ap- instructions he left the building, returning alter he tnougni tuc uriu uwi immcij. .uu when he resumed work and began to dls .1 -- !. TirAA ft (.TnlndfH?. Tha man died, but stated just before death that in undoing tne cases a spar 01 lour incnes iu inIi m ein hi fincrpr- AnntTipr xnnrea of danger from friction occurs during the glazing, rounding and sieving of gunpowder. The powder is subjected to a constant rub bing of Its particles against each other, and during the glazing especially there is danger of electricity accumulating. Therefore pre cautions should be taken in order to convey away any charge that may accumulate in the glazing barrels. Electricity and Horse Brush. The passing of the horse as an element ia street car traction is beginning to assert its influence in many ways. One of the first to suffer by it is the horse brush manufacturer. When it is borne in mind that 30,000 horses have been taken off city car lines to make way for improved methods of traction dur ing the past few months, the daint of a New Jersey horse brush manufacturer, who has unburdened his mind on the subject, can well be believed. He puts the decrease in the horse brush trade generally in ths past few years at not less than 20 per cent, and for this he gives two specific reasons. "In the first place," he says, "not nearly so many people keep carriage horses as for merly, because they have rapid transit Then, again, horse car lines, which used to make a big market for our brushes, have been transformed into electric lines and our trade is cut of" Electric Piano Flaying. The latest thing in the way of mechanical music is a self-playing piano actuated by electricity. An electric motor turns a wheel at the back of the piano, which in its turn sets in motion a couple of rollers underneath the instrument By this means notes are also set in motion. The system of the herophon, viz., slits and holes cut in pasteboard, is adopted. In the centre of the piano is an air apparatus worked by the same agency. So soon as the opening passes the key the air apparatus begins to work, and draws down the one or more keys which are necessary to the chord, and re leases the same at the proper time. The piano plays just as long as there are notes on the rollers. New Poeket Wire Gang ft. Electricians, linemen aud others having occasion to use wire for electrical puvposes will find a new wire gauge, just put oft the market, to be a great convenience. By its means the gauge of the wire, the safe cur rent it will carry in amperes and the ohms resistance per foot ot copper wire, can in stantly be determined. Then, by formula stamped on the gauge, the size of wire re- fuired to carry any number of lamps any (stance can be found. ..:.'.) . . ' $
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers