k ON I FISHING TUG A Day in Nature's Glories Catching the Finny Beau ties of Lake Erie. BAEE CU.RTAINS OF MIST That fireak the Hays of a Morning Snn Into Kainbow Colors. OXE OF THE LAKE'S QUICK STORMS. Gathering Shininp, Wriggling Masses of Tearl From the Nets. DOW FITTSBUEG'S MARKET IS SUPPLIED CORRXSrOXDINCi: OF THI DISPATCH.! Cleveland, May 28. Jiutli are " few industries in the Central West more in teresting or surpassing in magnitude the fisheries of the great V .. 1 Z-M' . i-TT T- J" - : - ! T (IW2 'tyw lakes. From their clear blue depths tens of thousands of tons of fish are taken every year and shipped far and wide over the country. Lake whitefish, trout and pike hare in their season an established place on the menus of first-class hotels throughout the Xorth and are prime lavorites in the food supply of Pittsburg, while salted lake herring and "pickerel" find a ready sale in a dozen great States, and lake caviare sup plier all American demands, and is exported to all parts of Europe. Thn n the smallest of the sweet seas that find 1 1 e outlet through the Niagara river, Lake i. ie is the must productive, surpass ing in its vield of fish any other body of fresh water in the world. Herring and blue pike constitute the larger part of the total from Lake Erie. Uinetv-five per cent of the catch is taken in either pound or gill nets. Wonders of tb Pound .Net. The pound net used is the familiar device of Eastern fishermen and was bronght to Lake Erie from Connecticut about ISoO. It consists of three parts pot or bowl, heart or funnel, and leaders. The pot or bowl is the net proper, and is usually about 30 leet square. Into it leads the heart or funnel from the leaders, which are long stretches of netting, with a 3 to 6-inch mesh, extend ing often for miles into the lake. The fish Lifting the GUI yet. swim against the leaders, and, unable to jiiss the obstruction, work along it till the heart is reached, and thence through the 14 foot funnel into the pot. Once there they rarely escape, and all the fishermen need to do is'to lift the bowl or pot sufficiently to dip out the fish with scoop nets. It is "ad mirably adapted for shallow water, but is rarely set where the depth exceeds 40 feet Thirty vears ago almost fabulous catches were made with these nets in the western end of Lake Erie and particularly in the vicinitv of the Bass Island, where hundreds of miles of them are now in use every sea eon, four tons of whitefish were taken in a single pound, and herring in the early days of the war were often so plentiful that they could be bought at the islands for 25 cents per hundred wcig it Even yet these nets are very successful and much more than half the catch ot Erie is taken in them. In ISSj 11 tons of herring were caught in seven nets, and last fall in a single week over 1,500 tons ot fish were marketed in Sandusky, O., which handles more fresh fish annually than Xcw York City or Gloucester, Mass., and proudly claims to be the greatest fish mart in America, if not in the world. Catching Fish by Tlielr Gills. In the pound net th'e fish are rarely caught in the meshes, while in the gill net the de sign is, as the name suggests, to take them by the gills. The meshes permit entrance as far as the gills, and thus hold the victim prisoner. It the net is not lifted within a lew hours the fish are likely to drown and become worthless. The ponnd, however, permits the fish to be taken as uninjured, usually, as if captured in a seine. For this rsason pound-caught fish usually command a slightly better price than those taken in gill nets." The trill net is used in deep water. The lives of the lake fishermen are not easy ones, though the hardships grow less as steam tugs supersede the old sail boats for visiting the nets. OilskinB sheeted with ice, numb fingers cut and bleeding from drawing in the freezing nets, and laces irost-bitten by icy spray, are common ex periences, while often the gales drive the nets far ont of position and not infrequently tangle them with others almost inextricably. One storm last fall destroyed $20,000 worth of nets for the Erie, Pa., fishermen in this way. Yet 10,000 hardy men earn a liveli hood along the lakes by this means every year, and rarely is a life lost. Nearly a score of steam tugs now do business from this port, over 30 from Erie, Pa., and many lrom Sandusky, where a few years ago there were scarcely more than a score on the whole lake, sail boats being used. Every where down the lakes the same change is going on. A Day on a Fishing Boat. It was 6:30 on a foggy May morning when we started. The steam fog-horn was bel lowing in hall-minute intervals. The sky was clearing, and as we steamed briskly down the river the soft sound wind gave promise of a warm and pleasant dav. The fog was beginning to shift and scatter, but once on the lake it still shut the horizon down close about us by 'many colored cur tains. Eastward under the lays of the sun it hung the air with veils ot silvery gossa mer, or fled along the surface like the great moist breath ot a living creature, while in the west, near at hand, a bank of slates and grays lay impenetrably dense upon founda tions of Violet and rose. Against that back ground circled the silver wings of gulls. The wind drove the column of black smoke that belched from the stack of the tug over the port bow and spread it fan shaped mingling with the drab ot fog and cloud. Beneath that black canopy the water rippled in wakes ot green and blue, black and rose, as tbjc smoke in varying de grees refracted the sunlight. The sunshine brightened, and lrom the east a great reach of silver looked up into the eyes of the be holder, and dazzled and bewitched, while blushes of lavender, rose, and violet crept up from the water into the dissolving bank ot fog in the west. The captain was studying a tug that far ahead threw a banner ot steam across our course, but paused as we passed a slender cane lifting an abbreviated banner six or eight feet above a small cedar buoy, to point to it as marking the first gang ofgill sets, lour miles out of Cleveland. Mean &l-- -8f -l while the crew was bringing forward boxes with flaring sides. One with a coil of heavy hose, like a great blacksfiake, washed down the deck. Oat AmoBc ths Gill Nets. The breeze freshens, but the pilot house with doors and windows closed is filled with the hot greasy breath of the engine. The captain stands at the wheel'in his shirt sleeves smoking as philosophically as ever Isaak Walton dreamed of beside an English brook. The fog drives further away. The horizon widens, but tho curtains of drabs and slates and the faint bands of rose and Eurple still fill the hazy distance. We aye reached the nets and the work of lift ing them is begun. A rill net is about sir leet wide and stands on the bottom ot the lake, often in 60 or 75 feet of water. The only sign that marks its existence at the surface is a two foot cedar buoy, with a cane and pennant fastened through it, which is anchored at each end of a gang of nets. In this respect it diflers radically from the pound net, which is wider and fastened to stakes, long lines of which may be seen in all the western end of the lake. There are usually 60 and rarely less than 40 gill nets in a gang, and as each net is 300 feet long the average gang of nets stretches for nearly three miles and a half. The men are in yellow oilskins or, more properly speaking, oilskins that once were yellow." The buoy with its great stone for an anchor has been drawn aboard, and the work of lifting the nets commences. lifting the Freighted aleshes. The tug is slowed down to two miles an hour or less. The crew takes turns draw ing in the net, raising it through 40 feet or more of water. When the catch is big enough to keep the others busy taking the fish from the nets, two men have to do the lilting, but to-day it is light and three are drawing in over the smooth oak roller. The steady tramp of the men walking backward across the narrow deck lilting the net is heard above the long breathing of the en gine and the occasional creak ol the wheel, as the captain keeps her "head to" along the nets. We creep forward so softly the novice is scarcely aware of motion at all. From the stern comes! the splash offish as the men cleaning the nets thrust the cruel gaff-hook into them to puncture the air bladders, pull them through the meshes and toss them into the flaring boxes. A little old tug wheezes by on its way to a gang of nets farther out. A great silver eel, or "lawyer," as the fishermen have dubbed it because of its thieving propensi ties, slaps and threshes about on the wet deck aft, making as much noise in its way as some other lawyers in a bad case. Pres ently it will be skinned and sold as catfish. The sun is among broken clouds. With coquettish uncertainty it shines one mo ment and the water glows with greens and azures and is hidden the next, leaving the lake brooding and gray, with the horizon drawing near on every hand in rising mist. The great gulls circle about us, now rush ing down to rest lor a moment on the sur face, again rising with swift, strong strokes to lose tnemseives in ine uim air. .Lime true spirits of the chameleon lake their brownish backs clow almost ruddy in the sunshine, and breasts and inner wings shine ghastly wfeite in the shadow. The Fishermen read to roetry. The men see only the fish in- the nets be fore them, joking in a sardonic way at times over the light catch. In come the slender meshes, with now a golden perch, now a family of blue pike or a beautiful silver herring, and occasionally a great whitefisb tangled in them, all to be coiled in the flaring boxes together until each one is heaped high with nets and fish, when it is removed to the stern and the fish taken from the nets. The yellow scales of the perch shine like gold of dif fering degrees of fineness in the sunlight, the darker markiug of back and sides coming out in fine relief. Fins and tail grow golden too. and one might almost imagine so gaudy a fish to be selt-consoious. Here is a whitefish that has threshed in the toils in agony tor hours. The pearl-like opaque fins and tail shine red with the blood that has been driven into them by mad efforts to escape. That other is as bright a if just lrom a bath of silver. He has not known the meshes long. The spring catch of whitefish is usually not large. In July and August considerable numbers are taken in deep water at the eastern end of the lake, but the bulk of the catch off this port and west of here is in November, when the whitefish Coregonus clupeiformis seek the spawning ground's about the Bass Islands. No sturgeon (Acipense rubicundus) are taken in gill-nets, too small a mesh being used. They are the largest ot lake fish and are taken in the greatest numbers at the eastern end of the lake, their favorite spawning grounds being rocky ledges near the shore. Thirty years ago this fish was held in small esteem: now smoked sturgeon finds a good sale in all the principal markets of the country. It is not unusual for 1,000 tons of sturgeon to be handled at Sandusky in a single year, while the roes, which some times weigh as much as 60 pounds, are spiced and pickled there in great quantities, a large part ot the caviare being exported. A considerable quantity of isinglass is also manufactured annually from the air blad ders. " Treasures of the Bine Waters. The annual catch of Lake Erie approxi mates 25,000 tons, about three-fifths of which is sold in a fresh condition, being shipped on ice to the principal cities of the country. Five thousand tons are salted, 4,000 lrozen and fully 1,500 tons smoked, while some herring is canned and put on the market as "salmon." The sun is a veritable magician to-day and the wind works the cloud curtains for him to perfection. Where in all nature can such rare surprises in color be found as on the water, when conditions are attheirbest? The varying densities of mist and cloud to day produce wonderful effects. There are more colors in air and sky than painter would ever dare to put into a picture, even if with transcendant genius he were able to catch them all. They shift like the turnings of a kaleidoscope; a blue that is almost intense enough for a black hangs under yon dark cloud-island; the yellow of beaten gold floats and glows beyond; to the left are rose and violet deepening to tints of Tyriau purple and waxing and waning in intensity in a wonderful way; to the right silver, with patches of rare shades of shifting evanescent iniangmie greens, sucu uguis as glow ana die away in the eyes ot a great cat Catchlnc a School of Pike. Further and further from the land we go, drift I had almost said, for it seems like drifting. The nets still come up; tramp, tramp echoes the dull tread of the men on the water-soaked deck. The tug rocks gently as she pushes along. The wash of the water comes faintly lrom her sides. The net brings up a score of fine blue pike, 15 and 20 inches long, all caught within a dozen feet A school of them had run their unsuspecting noses into the subtle deadly meshes together, and their frolics are over. Their color is the blue of fine blued steel, the sides darkening into black above. Tail and fins are of the same beautiful metallic blue. In certain positions, the scales show green as well, intensifying the beauty of the fish lresh from their native depths. I exclaim iu admiration and point out the magic changes ot sky and water to the Cap tain. He looks blankly at them: "One person sees lots o' things another feller'd never notice," he observes senten tiously, aud turns to watch through his glasses the smoke column that marks the passage ot a big lreight steamer down the lake. The net is all in, . and we steam farther Hiking- the Fish From the yet. out to find new grounds. The water is too still, the captain explains, for a good run of fish to-day. The slime on the nets tells of the settling to the bottom of the silt borne down by creek and river and carried far by wind and wave. The settling drives the fish from the bottom for a time, and a light catch results. We have taken but 600 pounds all told to-day. Yesterday it reached 1,500 pounds. A few years ago, the captain tells me, five tons of fish in a gang of nets was not unusual; now one ton is a good catch. Too many In the business,he thinks, is the cause of the trouble. Dinner Time for the Fishermen. We steam rapidly as he talks. One by one the men come to the pilot house, take their pails, and eat their lunches. The fish have been cleaned from the nets and sorted by specie3 into boxes. Flltv pounds of white fish, the captain figures, 250 of pike, and 100 each of herring and perch. Soon the men are washing the nets over the side of the tug, one slowly paying thein ont from the bow, the other drawing them in at the stern and coiling then in the boxes. A new gang, which lies clean and white and ar ranged in order in flaring boxes, will be set to-day, and this one will be taken in, dried, and brought out to-morrow. "Eiirhtppn miles out and we have stopped and put about The work of setting the nets begins. First is dropped overboard the stone for anchors and the buoy with its cane standard and soiled little pennant Then from the stern two men pay out the nets, the cedar bobs in a line at one side, the lead sinkers at the other, to bring it into an up right position on the bottom. The tug steams an ay at ten miles an hour. Quickly, deftly the men catch the net from the" flaring boxes and pay it out smoothly and steadily. Upon its proper setting to-morrow's catch depends, and the safety of the net a well I erhaps. Two others stand by to lift away the empty box and replace it with a full one as occasion requires, the engine slowing down to permit each change. The screw throbs and the tug breathes hoarsely as we dash along and the men pay out the net, the captain himself taking one side of it We are headed south. The nets are alwavs run from north to south in order to catch the fish in their migrations from the deep water at the east end of the lake to the shallower stretches westward, and buck again. One of Old Erie's Qnlck Storms. The sun is entirely hidden. A storm is gathering. Behind us as We rush along the sky is a brilliant bluish purple, and the water darkening under it. In 20 minutes or so, the thiee miles and a half of nets have been set and we are away lor home. It is none too soon. The sky is overcast. The water no longer changes with each shifting cloud. The purple blackens on the horizon ominously. The waves break in white caps of foam under the whip of the strong south wind. We dash forward fear lessly, now breasting a wave and riding high, now dashing the bow into a great comber and throwing the spray high over the pilot-honse. The deck was all a-wash. The spray flies angrily against the pilot house windows and clings there till nothing can be seen through them. On we go at full speed, swinging like a great rocking chair. The harsh metallic breathing of the engine is almost drowned by the wind, and the throb of the screw lost in the splash of the waves. It is one of the quick storms that change the great lakes from mill.ponds to strong seas in a few minutes. The clouds roll up in purple and black mountains, and the rain comes down in large drops, making the nearby waves in rare artistic designs. The shadowy shoreline emerges from the hori zon, grows more distinct through the rain, draws near, and before the full fury of the storm breaks we are racing up the yellow river bent on beating to our dock a rival tug that entered the harbor just behind us. Samuul G. McChtbe. GEHEEAL GBANrs PH0T0GEAPH. An Incident That Happened at tho Close of the Vlckslmrg Campaign. Prof. M. B. Brady said in a recent con versation with a correspondent: "I was the first man to make General Grant known to the people. I photographed him when he came East at the close of the Vicksburg campaign. I caught him at the depot, and he came to my gallery at 4:30 one afternoon with Secretary Stanton. Stanton came in first and told me that Grant was ready to have his picture taken, and I told him to come rigtit in. A moment later General Grant was standing in my gallery with a half dozed cameras bearing upon him to take him from all sides. It was so late in the afternoon and the light was so weak that we feared to lose him, and we pro posed to use every means possible to get a good likness. "I then sent one of my assistants up to the roof to pull back the s'kylight to its full length. The man appreciated our anxiety to get the picture. He was very nervous in the presence of General Grant, and was so excited with the fear that we would lose the sitting that he stumbled on the skylight and fell full length, knocking an immense pane out of the plate glass, which fell down at the feet of Grant. Had it struck him it would certainly have killed him, and when it fell everybody started up with exclama tions. I shall never forget the action of Grant He never moved aud not a feature of his face changed, saving a slight satirical curl which appeared upon his lip. I can see him now as he stood there looking at the plate glass at his feet However, I got a very fair picture of him, and I took him a number ot times afterward." LOHG-DISTANCE PHOIOGEAPHY. A Camera That Works Successfully at a Distance of Two Miles. New Orleans ricaynne. Photographers, especially the abused amateurs, will be interested in the new tele scopic camera invented by a German artist, Dr. Adolph Meethe. Excellent photographs have been made with it at a distance of two miles. AVith this instrument no one will be secure against the snap-shooter. The objective consists of a convex lens of considerable length of focus and a concave lens ot short focus. These are placed a cer tain distance apart, depending upon the dif ference of the two loci. By the laws of optics, this arrangement projects an in- verted image ot an object at a long distance from the lenses. The size ot the object is greater the nearer the lenses are together, and the greater the difference between the foci. To obtain good images, the lenses are of special form aud achromatic. The whole camera looks very like a Galilean telescope. By substituting an ordinary opera glass for the objective on the camera and drawing it out, a fairly good picture will be obtained on the ground glass of the camera. Glass llricks in Favor for Building. Bricks made ont of plate glass are of very superior quality. A sand of iron and glass is forced into a mold under a pressure of several thousand pounds per inch. Then the bricks are subjected to a temperature of 2,700 Fahrenheit, which causes the glass aud sand to unite. The bricks are perfectly white, and will stand both frost and acid. No safer remedr cm he had for coughs and colds, or any trouble of the tbroat, than 'Brown's BronchlalTroches." Trice 25 cts. Sold only in boxes. 1TSSU Oitvx Awhiros Entirely new and fast in colon and exquisite in designs, at Alamaux & Son's, 539 Peun avenue. Tel. ISfli. Thsu Paying Out the Fresh yets. GOVERNING A CITY. Key. George Hodges Wonld Giro Conn -cilmen More Work to Do. THAT W00LD GET Ift BETTER MEN. One Eane is Mixing National Politics Municipal Elections. in CHRISTIAN DUTY IN IMPEOTEMEITrS rWHITTEN TOR THE DISPATCH.l Some good people in the old revival meet ings used to go about asking everybody; "Are you a Christian?" Very often that was found a difficult question to answer. Sometimes they would request everybody in the congregation who was a Christian, or who wanted to be a Christian, to stand up. I am afraid that the division that was.made in the congregation upon these occasions was not always a perfectly accurate one. It is not likely that it corresponded ex actly with that other separation to the right hand and the left that will be made some day in the future. And that was not only on account of certain objectionable traits of human nature that such a summons would bring forth, such as love or approbation on one side and natural obstinacy on the other side, but on account of a certain difficulty in the definition of the name. For the people of the congregation might naturally have asked "What kind of a Christian do you mean? Do you mean a conventional Christian or an emotional Christian, or a real Christian?" A conven tional Christian is one of whom we know very little more than that he goes to church twice every Sunday and belongs to the Christian society and has never been accused of heresy. Our Lord, when he was here, had very little sympathy with con ventional religionists. A Christian Common at Revivals. An emotional Christian is one who has passed through a certain spiritual experi ence and is in possession of certain relig ious feelings. Our Lord was quick to re press all false sentimentality. A man came once to Him, saying in an enthusiastic and impulsive manner: "Lord, I will follow Thee whithersoever Thou goest" And our Lord said to him quietly, "The foxes have holes and the birds of the air have nests, but the Son of Man hath not where to lay His head." Upon another occasion when He was teaching, a certain woman called out in this same emotional and enthusiastic manner, exclaiming npon the blessedness of the mother of such a teacher, to which our Lord answered, "Yea, rather blessed are they which hear the word of God and keep it" The real Christian, however, is one who lives as far as he can the kind of life that the Lord Jesus Christ lived when he was here. The trouble with emotional Chris tianity and conventional Christianity is that so much of it is veneer. It comes off in the moment of temptation. There has been very little said in the course of sermons which comes to an end to-day, about either conventional or emo tional Christians. We have been talking about the only kind of Christians which are worth talking about the real Christians. The subject to-day is the Christian in the city. The Bible Is a City Book. The Bible is the book of the city. It is true that the first heroes of the Bible story lived in a garden, but there was no city at that time for them to live in. It is true, also, that as the story progresses the heroes are found dwelling in tents and wandering about over the vast plains of the Bast, and going down on visits into Egypt, and mak ing long journeys hither and thither in the plains of Sinai. But we find that they were always in search of a city; that was their continual ambition; they were forever look ing forward to the time when they would have a city. And by and by, when they did have a city, O how proud they were of it, and how much they loved it, aud how loyal they were to itl They used to say their prayers in their days of exile with their faces toward the ruins of this city. Even to-day the descendants of that Old Testament people still make pilgrimages to that dismantled city, held as it is by the in fidel, and beside its walls they say their prayers and shed their tears. Onr Lord when he came was born, it is true, in a village, and was nurtured in a village that is a good place for a yonng man to be born and to be brought up. But when the time came for Him to begin the real work of His life, He did exactly what thousands of young men are doing to-day He came into the city. And instead of choosing Jerusalem, He chose a city that was more of a city than that He chose Capernaum, which was a brisk town of business. By and by, when the apostles began their work, they centered their mis sions in the city. The Significance ot Names. Presently so strong was the hold of Christianity on the cities, that the name of "pagan," or villager, and "heathen," or hearth-dweller, came to have their modern meanings. Christianity began its work in a city. In the last book of the Bible, when the apostle St John sees his vision of the future, He beholds the ideal condition of things, the Golden Age, not under the simile of a holy garden, or of a holy farm ot a holy village, nor even a noly temple; He sees a holy city coming down from God out of heaven. It there is any place where the Christian ought to feel at home it is in the city. And it there is any place in the world to-day that needs Christians it is in the city. The Christian in the city will realize that he has civic responsibilities. The heathen, the savage, in the city, although he may wear Christian garments and live in a Christian habitation, will show his lack ot Christianity by his selfishness. He will be aware of no responsibilities apart from those involved in his own money getting and his own comfort and his own happiness. The City Christian is Progressive. The Christian's duty in the city, set forth comprehensively, is part positive and part negative. It is the Christian's duty to be on the side of everything that is toward the uplilting of the city, and to be set against everything which seems to be a hin drance to the well-being ot all the citizent ot the city. For the well-being of the city depends not alone upon appliances for making money, but upon appliances for making char acter. The Christtan iu the city, with his money, with his influence, with his inter est it he has nothing more than that sets himself distinctly upon the side of progress, in the upward direction. He wants to have good schools in the city. And he is proud of the good schools that the city has. He has au admiration for work that is done in the city, and when that work is simply equal to work done outside the city in any intellectual or artistic or musical direction the good citizen puts the city's workmen first There are a great many people who have the idea of the small boy who believed that if you wanted to catch very large fish you must go to some very distant pool. There are people who can see beauty in pic tures that are painted outside the city, and in music that is sung or played by people outside, but are somehow blind and deat to real merit at home. The Christian desires that the city shall be a good place to live in for everybody who has any kind of ability, and with all his interest and influence fie encourages that ability wherever he fiuds it Believes in Fubllo Enterprises. The Christian is glad of such a Christian institution as a free library in the city, and sucti another Christian institution as a con servatory of beautiful flowers. He believes in public expositions that givo an opportu nity to all the citizens to see what the city is accomplishing, and in everything that brings out the ability that is in the city and ministers to the desires for improvement that are in the hearts of all the citizens. The Christian believes also that his dnty toward the putting away of evil from the city is not discharged by the payment of a tax whioh supports the policemen and the expenses of the connty jail. He believes in all kinds of influences that can be brought to bear to prevent evil before it happens. He is not of those who think the best use of money is to spend it for ambulances at the foot of a dangerous cliff, but that a far more wise expenditure is for a fence along the top to keep the people from falling over. Ac cordingly, the Christian citizen is exceed ingly interested in the moral issues ofall the questions that are raised in the city. Mr. Stead said the other day to the electors at Newcastle that if there was to be a prop osition made that on the first day of Janu ary there should be an altar raised on a hill on one side of the city dedicated to Bacchus, and that a young man chosen from the youth of the city should be offered as a living sacrifice to that heathen deity, the whole city would be up in arms. And that if upon the first day of July a similar prop osition should be attempted to be forced upon that city, that a youne woman should be offered as a living sacrafice upon an altar to Venu, built upon another hill on the other side of the city, there would be an other and still more vehement outcry. Mr. Stead's Striking Simile. Ta7 wrttil1 nn 1rro unniMf WnAL party politics they had or what church they' belonged to all the Christian citizens oi that city would be up in arms. And then he reminded them that it is not only one here and another there who is offered as a sacrifice to these unspeakable divinities of the past, but that every day ten3 and scores of the young men and the young women of the citv are given up and no reckoning made of" them. It is when things are put in that picturesque kind of way that we real ize the prosaic duties that we have every day around us. The Christian citizen more and more reatizes that The Christian citizen recognizes that one of the greatest enemies of Christianity and one of the greatest provocatives to crime is poverty. And he knows exactly how to measure poverty. Poverty, unless we set a definition to it, is a most evasive word. A man may be popr who has 5100,000 in com parison to another man who has ?5,000,000. We are all of us poor in comparison to some other people. But poverty accurately de fined is the deprivation of the opportunity to enrich one's life. The man who fcas no chance to better himself, who has no hope in the future of being any higher than he is, who has no opportunity to cultivate his mind, or to get any of the healthful pleas ures of life, is poor. Tho City Is a Big Family. And because the city is all one family, we cannot afford to have any poor people in the city. We cannot afford to have any of our brothers and sisters lacking in those op portunities that belong by right to every child of God under the wide sky. And although the Christian may not know exactly what to do, he sets his face against poverty, and he wants the Christianity of the city to do everything it can in the min istration ot opportunity to trie people who lack opportunity. He wants clean streets in front ot all the tenement houses. He wants the observation of sanitary law to the utmost The Christian, realizing his civic responsi bilities, realizes also that there is need of good officials in the city government to help him, to represent him; nad, accordingly, he does his share in their selection and election. He wants men who will actually represent him, and not some ring or corpora tion. If he finds that a Councilman repre sents such hidden influence, he votes next time for some other man. The Christian citizen in electing the offi cer nf the ChristlAn pitv. httv nn rpo-nrrl tn J whether they belong to one political party or tne otner. xne Dane ot municipal ad ministration in this countrv is the admix ture of national politics. The only requisite of an official in a city is efficiency. It makes no difference whether he is a Bepnb lican or a Democrat, any more than it makes a difference whether he is a Presbyterian or an Episcopalian. We care no more for his opinion In regard to the tariff, than we care for his opinion in regard to the Westmin ster Confession ot Faith. Banning a Cily on Soilness Line. We want a man who will fulfill his duties. Because, after all, the city is only a larger pffice-building in which the houses take the place of rooms and the streets take the place of the halls. There is no reason why a city should not be run as well as an office-building. And the city is only an other kind of a club, to which we all be long, and in which we ought to be served with the common conveniences utterly re gardless of onr income, as men are served in their clubs. The city ought to be con ducted upon Christian principles. ' There is no distinction between good business and good religion. That does not mean there ought to be a prayer meeting in the Council chamber before every session; but it does mean that those who have the rule in the city, and the rest of us who give them rule, ought to desire simple efficiency in all mu nicipal administration. Tne Christian citizen recognizes the diffi culty of getting the right men, and he realizes that there is still another way of getting good government beside the absolute of the ideal men, and that is the giving of the city officials a great deal to do. It is the people who live in the little country towns, where all the interests are petty, who fall into miserable gossip and live narrow lives. It is the" little sleepy country parish that has all manuer of parochial fights going on from one end of the year to the other. Slaking the Coancllmen Work. It is in the body of men who have obscure and insignificant duties that you will find the obscure and insignificant men. It is said that the great trouble with the Prince of Wales is that he is not given enough to do: the great trouble with municipal ad ministration, in the opinion of a good-many people, is that there "is not enough to do that is worth doing. And accordingly, they are going on the principle on the other side of the water, where are to be found the best governed cities on this planet, of giving a great deal into the hands of the Conncilmen. The more they have to do with the great public parks, and with the management of libraries for the people and" with the care of all the great monopolistic interests of the city, to be run in the interest of all the citizens; the more they have to do directly with tho life of the citv in its sanitary legis lation, the more great burdens are laid upon them, so much more will tney come to leel themselves actually the servants ot the city. That is not realized by the half of the offi cials or the tenth part of the people. The idea in many cases seems to be that one great purpose of holding office istogetsome share of our money. The people say some times: "Well, the Democratshave had the offices a good while, and now we ought to turn them over to the Kepublicans." Getting Eminent Men in Councils. But the wholo purpose of office ought to be the service of the people. The desire of the man in the office should be to serve the people to the utmost, and the desire of the people should be to get a steady and effi cient servant The more there is to do, the wider the responsibilities, so much the more will the eminent men, the men of position and standing in the community, come for ward. The cities of Glasgow and Manches ter and Birmingham and Berlin and London have in their councils the most eminent of all their citizens. That was a singular dialogue that took place between Abraham and God regarding the destruction of Sodom. Abraham said: "Suppose there are 50 righteous men within the city, would you not spare the city for 50 men?" God said "Yes." Then said Abra ham: "Suppose there should lack 5 of the 50, will you destroy the city for lack of five?" God said "No." "But should there be but 40 or 30 or 20, or only 10?" And God said: "If there be but 10 righteous men in Sodom I will spare the city." That was a fair bargain. Because God knew that 10 good, zealous, earnest, righteous citizens, examples of good manners, and missionaries of true religion, would save the wickedest of cities. George; Hodges. Sfbiito tlmo Is here. The bugs will soon begin to crawl. Kill them all before thov multiply. Busing will do It Instantly, si cents. TRIAL OF A WITNESS. Howard Fielding Gels Locked Dp for Seeing Fart of a Saloon Bow. HIS EXAMINATION IN COUBT. Had a Good Reputation Before, but Now Gets the Finger of Scorn. A SAMPIE OP PAEKHDEST JUSTICE rCOBBZSPOKDXKCX OT TOTE DISPATCH. 1 NewYokk, May 28. Previous to the time when I witnessed the unfortunate affair in Swagley's saloon, I had never been found guilty of any criminal act Indg ed, I had never been arrested. My reputation could hardly have been better; it was only a short head behind my character. But now all this is changed. I have been dragged into court and convicted of knowing some thing derogatory to an eminent scoundrel. I have been cross-examined by one of our most notorious criminal lawyers, and the good name which I held so dear has been lost in the shuffle. He has left me a repu tation which wonld not have been jack high among the 40 thieves. Let me explain the circumstances. The neighborhood in which I reside has been eminently respectable, even before T moved in. There one might have seen a little law abiding community surrounded by the re mainder of the Tenderloin Precinct Except the monthly visits of our landlords' agents, few robberies were committed among us; and the crimes of violence were, for the most part, confined to the same periods. We bad that guarded and cautious respect for one another, which is the highest form of neighborly cordiality in New York. How Swagley Carried an Election. Then for our sins, came Swagley upon us and established a saloon on the corner. He Came Out Hurriedly. Swagley is a man of national reputation. I have spoken of him myself more than once. Among his public services was the carrying of his ward in the hotly contested election of '85. A great part of the opposition votes was cast in a single precinct, where the polling place was a fire engine house. Just before the close of the polls Swagley knocked down the stove in his saloon near by and pulled in an alarm. In the confu sion, the ballot box was run out of the poll ing place with the fire engine, and was the only total and uninsured loss occasioned by the'eonflagration. We did not welcome Swagley amongus. We did not need him. Most of my neigh bors walked a couple of blocks to Billy Blood's place when they wanted a drink; and they didn't mind the exercise so long as jt was necessary for the maintenance of our respectability, whereas the people who lived near Billy Blood's were not nice a bit As for me, a glass of soda water and served in tho main room, if you please, is the limit of my indulgence. There was talk of an organized effort against Swagley, but we hesitated to act Some of my neighbors did not wish to leave their families unprovided for, and, as for me, I am too young to die. It was mere accident which thrust me forward in this affair. The only reliable shoe blacking stand near my home is established beside Swagley's "fam ily entrance." Gets Arrested as a 'Witness. I was sitting in the chair about 11 o'clock on a peaceful Sunday forenoon. The artist had just blacked the lower portions of my spring pantaloons, and was about to begin on my shoes, when the noise of an argument in Swagley's resort caused me to turn ray head. A man was just coming out: and, being in a hurry, he had taken a large portion ot the side door with him. I think the door was banging around his neck when I saw him, but as I have since been shown in open court to be entirely untrustworthy, I shall not insist upon these details. However, I obtained a good view of the debate, and distinctly saw Swagley con vince his opponent so thoroughly that an ambulance subsequently removed this un successful disputant, not to the hospital from which a surgeon had been sent, but to Bellevue, where the death rate doesn't so much matter. I was arrested as a witness on the theory that having been outside the saloon, I couldn't have observed the occur rence. The policeman forgot the broken door. Several other outsiders shared my fate; and, with Swagley, we were taken to the police station -where Swagley secured a magistrate and bail, while we others were locked up. I do not propose to dwell upon this episode. It is well known that in many parts ot this broad land one would better be the assailant, or even the victim, than a witness. I shall pass at once to the trial, which was held with remarkable prompti tude, refuting the criticisms of those who say that "influence will secure delay. Swagley was impatient to face his accusers. The nature of the other man's injuries was such, that, while he was able to be up and about within a fortnight, he was always liable to drop dead. I mention this, not lor its bearing on the case, but because it may interest the medical fraternity. Collecting Evidence a la Farkhurst. Swagley was defended by two eminent counselors, Mr. Slyme and Mr. Mucker. They exercised great c?re in the selection ot the jury, rejecting all men who had an inherited or acquired prejudice against as sault and battery. A preference was given to those who "generally went to Coney Island on Suuday, but objected to the jour nev. The judge was strictly impartial, but he"had a little less authority than a base ball umpire in Chicago. I had made strong effort to collect evi dence against Swagley, believing that I was acting in the interests of my neighbors. coo Mr. Mucker Cross-Examines. Because of my lab or in this field I was be ginning to be regarded as a man unduly fa miliar with crime. It was currently re fiorted that the shoe blacking story was an nvention of a palsied imagination. It was said that in reality I had been polishing my parched and dusty gullet with Swagley's old Kentucky coffin varnish at the time of the assault My wife's dearest friend con doled with her, saying that it must be dreadfully unpleasant to have a husband who sought notoriety in such a shocking fashion. These and other expressions by sympathizing faiends made me leel a good deal ashamed of myself. Un the morning ot tne trial Airs, uexter, a neighbor, called to accompany Maude to court and lend her the support of her pres ence and her smelling bottle: She was sur prised to find that Maud was not going. She wonld not venture to interfere, she said, in matters of this kind, but it had always been her creed that a wife should stand by her husbapd no matter .what he had done. This so affected Maud that she Eut on a black dress and sat down to read er Bible. The Appropriate Smell of a Justice Mill Under these cheerful auspices I left my home and went directly to that palace of justice which cost so much more than any body was ever able to account for. The court room was crowded with people and full of that odor which always attaches itself to the abode of the law, and which has nothing in its favor except its appropriate ness. The selection of a jury I have already de scribed. Then came the opening for the prosecution, after which the policeman on our beat told. how he had arrested Fielding on the scene ot the assault He described my appearance and behavior, and admitted that I had made no attempt to escape. Afterward, in response to urgent questions by the Assistant District Attorney, he con fessed that he had also arrested Mr. Swag ley. Cross-qnestipned by Mr. Mucker, he said that Fielding had been greatly dis turbed, while Mr. Swagley had been calm. ne knew nothing about the assault The prosecution then desired to call the victim of the assault, but it appeared that he had gone to take up his residence ih a small town on the northern frontier of Zu luland, and would not come back unless sent for. The defense offered to wait until he could be brought bacs:, which would probably take about four years if he agreed to come, and longer if he resisted. The trial then proceeded. I was placed upon the witness stand. It was a nervous time for me. I expected to get through the direct examination all right, but when Mr. Mucker got after me I knew there would be trouble. Under the Cross-Examiner's Fire. Mr. Mucker is an able cross-examiner; he knows how to make a witness angry and lead him into rash statements. Mr. Mucker is admirably calculated to make any Chris tian angry. His mere existence is a peren nial spring of righteous indignation. To carry on a conversation with Mr. Mucker is to go beyond the cleansing power of con fession, absolution and a Turkish bath. That he should be allowed to come into court and make finger marks on the robe of Justice is an incredible disgrace to all concerned. I feared Mr. Mucker.but I did not under stand him. I supposed that he would be wilder me with questions, and enrage me to the point of self-contradiction, but he took another tack. After I had told mv story in my weak and stammering way in the direct examination, Mr. Mucker began. I had alwavs believed that the object ot a cross examination was to get the truth out of a witness; I quickly perceived that its object is to get lies ont of a lawyer. My answers were of no account what ever. Most of the questions were not in tended to be answered; it was the question itself which was supposed to influence the jurors. I kept tally on Mr. Mucker. He asked me 300 questions, of which 298 were simnlv interrogative insults, and had no other object The Judge ruled out 279 of them, and would nave ruiea out tne oiners if he had considered them to be of any im portance. This is a sample: Mr. Mocker's Style of Examination. "Fielding, on that quiet, peaceful Sabbath morning, when the chnrcii bells were ring ing, when the steps of all good citizens were turned toward the honse of worship, and yon, with your besotted head bent over a bar were ' "I object," said the Assistant District At torney. "Objection sustained," said the Court "Fielding," continued Mr. Mucker, "are you aware that one of your relatives was hanged in Ohio in 1849?" ".No, nor you, either," said I, hotly, be fore the prosecutor could interpose. "Will vou swear that one ot your rela tives was not hanged?" persisted Mr. Mucker. "Certainly." "Fielding, how many relatives have yon in both branches of your family?" "Heaven knows,"said L "Several thou sands, I suppose." "Are vou personally acquainted with all of them?" "Certainly not" "Will you name all your first and second cousins, and tell me what each one died of?" "I can't; it's. preposterous." "Then you cannot swear that one of them was not banged, as the records show." But here the prosecutor who had been objecting till his tongue was fairly cramped with weariness, succeeded in making him self heard; and the judge ruled out all these questions. But I could see the jurors eyeing me with morbid curiosity as a man whose first cousin had been hanged. Be Fared Just as Parkharst Did. If, however, he had confined himself to remote accusations such as this, I would have cared little; but he attacked me on every hand. He accused me of everything of which he himself had been guilty; and after thus exhausting all the possibilities of degradation he sat down, and I escaped. Mr. Slyme made the closing argument. He treated: all the questions which had been ruled out as if they had been unassailably proven against me. He urged the jury not to regard the word of a perjured, rum soaked wretch like me, against that of a gentleman like Swagley. And about half of them took his advice; that is, they disagreed. Since then X nave telt that tne nnger ot scorn points at me wherever I go. I have received letters from various old friends, some of whom naturally labor under the de lusion that I have been tried, and so con gratulate me on the verdict; while others venture to warn me that intimate associa tion with a man like Swagley might have been expected to lead me to the depth to which thev regret to learn that I have fallen. You, my ont-of-town reader, may regard this picture as overdrawn. Bnt come here and in vestigate. I wish you could have been here while Dr. Parkhurst was being tried for every crime on the calendar, on an indict ment against somebody else. But come anyway, aud if in a week's time yon don't have more respect for my veracity than the Swagley jury did, I'll pay your board for a month in Bloomingdale Asylum. It's a beautiful place. Just let me be a witness against a dive-keeper once more and I'li go there myself. Howabd Fielding. Eome'l Good Progress. The population of the city of Rome, which by the census of 1881 was 273,000, is now over 500.000, havine nearly doubled within the past ten years. Since the city became the capital of United Italy thou sands of new edifices have been built, and it has been greatly changed otherwise. The Seven Hills themselves are undergoing a Erocess of leveling and the valleys are being lied in. It Is Good. The more Chamberlain's Cough Remedy is used the better it is liked. We know of no other remedy that always gives satisfac tion. It is good when you first catch cold. It is good when your cold is seated and your lungs are sore." It is good in any kind ot a cough. We have sold 25 dozen of it and. every bottle has given satisfaction. Stedman & Friedman, drugs'5'3. Minne sota Lake, Minn. WSa JONES' SICK CHILD. The Part It Played in the Senator's Bonanza Strike of 71. HIS EEMAEKABLB' PEESISTBNCT. Fought Against Hope and the Advice of the Wiseacre iliners. A EISE IN SHARES PKOH 2 TO $340 rwRiTTEjr vob -rar. dispatch.! Senator John P. Jones' recent-purchase of mining property out West sets the gossips to work On stories of his remarkable career He is a stockily built, deep chested man, with a trunk nearly as round as a barrel. His thick moustache and chin beard and hair are grizzled white, and his face is ruddy with healthy blood. What a vitality and staying power are in that sturdy frame! His shoulders are slightly rounded, but it is not the stoop of the midnight oil burner. It is the swelling and overlying ot muscle. That ridge was first made by the swing of a pick in a mine. There was a day, not many years ago, when he could split a fly on ths wall with the point of a pick. It would be risky to bet that he cannot do it to-day. His arm is still strong and his eye is as clear as ever. The story of his sickachild and its bear ing on the Crown Point Mine has never been told in print It was in 1870 that the shares had reached their lowest ebb. You could bay them for $2L This meant $24,000 for the mine, plant and all, though its nominal assets were $114,000 and four times that amonnt had been sunk in it Wherever the weary miners turned with their drills and their picks there was tha Senator John B. Jones, of yevada. same disheartening face ot hard gray Por phyry. They groped in all directions on the lowest levels they had reached, but their search was vain. Jones Had TTnlimlteI Faith. All the unlucky stockholders in the Crown Point mine now lot heart completely except the plucky and stiff-necked superin tendent, John P. Jones. He had come to the great mining camp on the Virginia Range three years before alter a political campaign in California in a run for tha lieutenant governorship. He lost his stake and the prize, but the loss was the turning point in his fortune. He did not lose heart, but the defeat determined him to cross tha Sierras and seek a change of luck in the silver fields of Nevada. His pluck and ability commended him to the directors of the Crown Point Mining Company and shortly after he reache'd the camp he was made a superintendent of their mine. When the last great cross-cut had been tried in vain, Jones began again to drift southerly along the line of the lode, start ing from a point 360 feet east from the shaft It was a wild goose hunt in the eyes of the Stock Exchange and almost every body except himself. Worked Till His nalr Turned Gray. The miners under him fought eight-hour rounds in three relays daily, and welcomed the relief that gave them rest. For the superintendent alone there was no shift and no relief. He snatched sleep when he could. He bore the strain without flinching, but his hair grew white. How much longer could he keep up the fight with the pitiless rock? At the end of the darkest day, for every day was darker than the days that had gone before it, a slight change wa3 sighted with a thrill of exultation by the anxious super intendent At a point 23!) feet from the opening of the drift a sheet of clay covered the face of the rock. AVhen this was pierced by the miners a body of soft, whitish quart was disclosed with scattering pockets of ore. It was the first discovery of the kind inall these weary months of search. Was it a mere freak of deposition or the fringe of a bonanza? On the answer to this enigma tha future. of the Crown Point mine and tho whole Comitock Lode and its owners hung. As was natural, Jones' faith overcrowned all doubts. His supreme confidence per suaded some moneyed men in San Francisco to venture the carrying of some olocks of stock for him on his agreement to halve tho profits and bear al I losses. What his agree ment would have been worth in the event ot a collapse, except as an acknowledgment of debt, was not apparent, but his friends relied on the inside information which would probably enable them to drop their blocks before the crash came. The Message From the Sick Child. For some weeks in the spring of 1871 the outlook was chpuded. The ore pockets Eanned out insignificant bunches and the onanza was still in the eye of the superin tendent and not at the end of his drills. In tim TnifiaR et thu nlniiil he received a raes- sa-'O from the East telling him of the dansei ous illness or one or his children and warn ing him that he might be called away at any moment to the bedside ol a. dying child. He made up his mind promptly to answer the summon at any cost to niinseir and de cided not to carry the rK or his holdings when he was no longer present to watctt every turn or the drills and stroke of the picki So he w ent to San Francisco and told Lis partners frankly of the probable call upon him and his conclusion to dispose or tlie stock in their hands. He was still san guine or probable development, but ho could not ask them to carry tha risk lor his The clian"e in the mine had quickened tho market demand for stock and it was possible to dispose or the holdings without loss. So his partners sold off tho stock discreetly and closed the deal. But they took no stock in. the sick child story which seemed to them mere flim-flam to cover a confession of mor tifying lailuro of judgment on the part of the disappointed Jones. They set down tha Crown Point mine as a lizzie and congratu lated themselves on getting oat ot the hole in the lode. a be Turning Point at Last. Heanwhile Jones returned to the mine and pressed the wort as before. Keassurlng telegrams came lrom the East in regard to his child and with them came the opening up or an oie body that grow in volume with every stroke or the pick. It looked like the long sought bonanza. Jones wired to agents in San Francisco to buy largely and his re- ort or developments sustained his credit, i a few weeks the Crown Point bonanza was the talk ot the street, and tha keenest kind or a contest was on foot for the control or tha mine. Crown Point, which six months be toru was a drug at $3 a share, touched the boom mark of $310 per share. Every mine on the lode felt the good or the boom, and their stocks shot up to double prices. Every bull In the market was made a rich man, the great mining center was lifted out or Its slough ot despond and the tottering Bank or Calilornla was saved. The only blue face on tha street were the faces or men who took no stock In the invalid story. Jones' fortune was made. It has been un made since and remade indefatigably, but its fonndatlon was tho "sick child" or ths Comstock Lode. uox Jfoasi J1L3 ' - j ionium inn i ? BMKumwtfmh
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers