22 THE PITTSBUEG- DISPATCH, SUNDAY, MAT 8. 1892. WARONTHRANGES, Bomantic Story of Prosperity That Ended in the Ee- cent Fighting. THE CATTLE KINGS' EISE Sivthe Era of Bick Palaces, Dia monds and Trips to Europe. THE DISASTER OF A COLD WINTER. Mar Cattinc a Wire Fence Em Openej4Up Thousands of Acres. BLOODSHED AT TUB NEXT EOUXD-UP fCOBBCirOSDEXCI OF Tni DISrATCH.l Cheyenne, Wyo,, May 4. The curi ously contradictory accounts of the out break in Wyoming two weeks ago puzzIeJ the readers of the stirring news. A vigil anoe committee was described as hunting down a band of desperadoes who had stolen cattlo on the range. Another description was that of peaceful and law-abiding set tlers who had been shot down by a band of hired assassins, officered by cattle kings and their agents. From one point of view, the manwho was killed became a villain and a thief; from another, he was a hero dying in defense of his home. Statements that were lavorable to the party invading Johnson county came lrom Cheyenne, while those favorable to the rustlers were from points in Central and Northern Wyoming. Cheyenne is the home of the cattle kings; one of inr. tip Isorth the small stockmen have taken possession. When, alter a few days, the telegraph wiros went down and stayed down, it became evident that one side had the sympathy of the majority up there. In the end it would not be strange if this ma jority should win, although long, indeed, has "b?en the fight ia Wyoming between men and money. Tli Masnet or Rapid Riches. To ketch the facts bearing on the present situation one must glance back to the incep tion of the cattle business in Wyoming. In 1876 Crook drove the Sioux, Cheyenne and Shoshone Indian from the Xorth Platte country and opened up a vast new range for the ue of the cattle grazer. The latter was not slow in seizing his chance. From Wesi ern Nebraska, lrom Colnralo, lrom Utah, even from Texas ho rushed in his herds. Cattle kings elsewhere transterred iheir herds by the thousands to choice rpots in the new range. In 1SS7 the Searisht Brothers drove from Texas to Camper Creek. "Wyo., 14,000 head. The following vcar thy brought up a herd of 13,000. A score -f other large firms nearly rivaled thee figures. Lesser run shared in the good fortune. Thos who had been only frontier scouts or "squaw men" laid claim to whole valleys, opened negotiations with capitalist to range cattle on shares, and in n short t:nv were north in land and cattle ?20,000, fO.OO'J or S100.P00. Tom Sun, for instance, an illiterate Canadian hall-breed, found himseli in three years, after wander ing about with his entire fortune in one pony, lhe matter of a fine range and a herd of 6,000 head. Later, the news of the chances for a short cut to fortune brought to Wyoming rich and adventurous young blood lrom the East. XJm Itolil l-Ston on the Seen-. It ran in the veins of the Eons of bankers and other capitalists, and they in turn, as the country filled up with cattle, interested men acros the ocean in the sandy grass land where growing beef paid regularly 33 per cent, and at times 50 or 60 annually. By 1S81 the accents prevailing in the Cheyenne Club, the headquarters of the stockmen, were no longer Western; they v. ere those of .New Yorkers, Bostonians, Scotchmen and Englishmen. Fortune alighted in more than one shape on the lnckv ones ot the early days. Jot only iid beet grow in Wyoming as it had never grown in Texas," but beef in the Chicago stock ards, to which Wvoming shipped, doubled in price. The culmin ating point was reached in 1SS2. The aver age steer on the range was worth $30 then. In 1E78 it had hecn worth about 18. In "iiirious uav ihe newly acquired wealth promoted progress. The cattlemen living in Cheyenne proceeded to rebuild the town. The typical w'iie, squatty, square frame hous; ot the frontier town made way lor the Queen Anne stjle, and Cnicago and 2s ew York were levied on for furniture. A fever lor diamonds seized every Wyomins cattle man's wife. At the Cheyenne Club the members drank 500 worth of champagne iu a single night. lattle-Kinss In the Legislature. Among the lising millionaires were some gilted with foresight. Thev, in n quiet way, Rent into politics and took their cattlemen lricndi with them. They went into the Legislature in a body, andj once there, had practical ly no opposition. Through their tfiorti there appeared on the Territorial statute books a list ol laws that favored the occupants ot the ranges, their heirs, assigns, etc, but were not in the least encouraging to the new settler. A new lorm of land tenure giving "possessory rights" was for first occupants, to the "exclusion of im pertinent i.eu comers. Actually, ot course, nil the land, less perhaps a thousandth part, belonged to the United States, and was supposed to te open to settle ment under the land laws. But there was the rub. The Federal Government contem plates the settler on the public domain as a larmcr, and not as a cattle ranger, and the homestead, pre-emption, and timber culture acts, under which land is taken up, ordina- rily allows entries for only 160 acres each. The desert land act, the other law under which the settler might enters land claim, permits 610 acres to be taken, hut the water me of every 40-acre tract of the 640 acres, which the law requires, had generally stood in the way of reducing the act to practice in Wyoming! The long-headed legislators, however, went ahead circumventing Federal law with Territorial lav. One of the laws they passed forbade, under fine and imprisonment, the cutting ot a ranchman's wire fence, whether it should be on his own laud or on the Gov ernment domain. The upshot soon was that a small Government claim holder was im prisoned for cutting a cattle king's barb wire fence. The facts were that the latter had run his fence for miles around the poor settler, who, in order to drive to town, was obliged to cut the wires barring his way. Into the Maw or Monopoly. While the case was pending, which was for a considemble time, small claim holders became frightened and sold out to cattle kings, who were ready to buy. Other small stockmen, too, being at various disadvan tage, nnlhp annual round-un of the cattle as compared with the capitalists, disposed of their herds to the latter. Thus it came about, in 1SS3-4, that Wyoming s cattle in terests were in the hands of large owners, who formed great stock companies, with shares on sale in the money markets of the East aud England. Several companies the Union, the Searight, the Powder Kiver were capitalized at ?3,000,000 each, and many others at 51,000,001) or more. Foreign buvcrs may, in some instances, have investcd'with not the clearest ideas ot what they were buying. The deed of the Powder Kiver Company, an English con cern, on file m the Cheyenne Court House, names, as a part of the property conveyed, "500 square miles of territory;" that is to say, the "possessory rights" to that much land, whatever the buyers may have thought. It is not impossible they be lieved that they were buying the land. Indeed they were, practically. Generally by hiring cowboys and dummies to enter land claims, the bottom lands com manding water, essential to the cattle raiser, were taken possession of, and thus the uplands were secured. A Fortune From a Branding Iron. To render the cattle owners more safe in cowboys. their possessions the Wyoming Stockmen's Association was formed. When, in the first' years after the range was opened, Texas, Colorado and Nebraska stockmen were driving in large numbers of cattle over the long trail, herds became more or less mixed, more than one wide-awake, rough-and-tumble stockman arrived at his Wyoming ranch at the end of his year's drive-in with his Southern herd increased by a considerable fraction. Stray cattle from other men's herds would persist in going along with his. Again, when on the range the wide-awake man naturally branded with his own trade mark everything on hoofs that ho found in his neighborhood unbranded. Such exi gencies gave rise to irregularities, certain bold men starting up herds with no more capital than a branding iron. To put a stop to such practices and to regulate the range, the Wyoming Stock men's Association was formed. Very soon, in 1SS0, its membership included all of the big cattle and sheep growers in Wyoming, Idaho and adjoining strips of grazing coun try, although the list ot membership then comprised only about 250 names. The asso ciation's acts were beneficial to itsmembers, if not in all respects to the growing countiy. Herds driven into the territory were sub jected to inspection and a count, and the drivers learned to fight ofi other men's cattle. Most of the branding was done on the general round-up, in the presence of repiesentaties ol the stockmen of an entire' locality, and under the circumstances honesty became the best policy, for each stockman obtained about his rightful pro portion of the calves. A Thief on an Ads ertlslnc Tour. Cattle thieves were discouraged. Ben Morrison, the association's chiet detective, killed a thief in 18S1, and terrorized others. In 1883 the three Young brothers, Port.Bill and Claib, enterprising Texas coA-boys, who were advancing their lortuncs wiih a small herd on the Sweetwater, were dissuaded. Port, arrested for an alleged murder com mitted in Texas, was obliged to submit to an extraordinary advertising. He was ar rested by a Pinkcrton man from Chicago, assisted bv a Sheriff's posse. Then man acled handand foot,be was taken bv a zigzag route from Itawlit:s, in Western Wyoming, to Omaha, to Denver, to Kansas City, to Santa Fe, and thence to Southern Texas. On the route he was exhibited as a mur derer from Texas, and, incidentally, as a horrible example of what cattle thieves in Wvoming might c"me to. Iu all, the asso ciation paid?50,000 to 5100,000 a year to patrol the range. By such means peace came to the possessors of the range. An era of undisturbed tranquility was promised for the rfen who were holding the cattle interests of Wyoming in their hands. A cattle king was happy without thieves to capture his calves on the range. Having grown so respectable, that it he had ever winked atau accretion to his own herd from a neighbor's, he lorgot all about it. Beef was high, the market promising. The hanks loaned generously to large herd own cis. Tenderfeet were eager buyers of shares. The cattle king lived in the city of Cheyenne; at the club if single, in a "pala tial residence" if married. A tripwith his family to Chicago, a thousand miles cast, was a mere run to town; a journey to Xew York, or, in cases, to Europe, came around once a vear. Runnln; Up Atralnst the Xiiw. The first set-back came from the arrest of that Impertinent small claimholder for cut ting the great stockman's wire fence. He found a defender in the Chiet Justice of the Territory, who stood for the law ot the United States. Not only did he obtain his rights, but the Justice lecided that all fences on the Federal domain in his juris diction mast come down. The cattle kings sent good lawyers to Washington, ousted the Justice from office, appealed to the Secretary of the Interior and then to the President, but all iu vain, aud, threatened by the military, they reluctantly reeled up their barbed-wire fences. " , A power greater than the lav aided In thwarting their plans. The winter of 1881 was one of the coldest and longest known in the history of Wyoming stock growing. Calves and cows were frozen by tens of thousands. Contrary to hope, 1885 brought luck almost as bad. The winters of '86 and '87 completed the record of four bad years in succession. At the close of that dreadful period the number of cattle turvivlng in Wyoming was only about half that of '81 Beef, too, had gone down rapidly in price. The consequences were dire. Many a cattle king abdicated his throne, his mortgages usurping it. One great company after an other fell into bankruptcy. Even the banks that had extended credit to the cattle men were crippled badly or ruined. Two Cheyenne banks closed their doors, and two of the bankers, penniless, committed sui cide. A third banker, who had served two terms in Congress, wound up with nothing and quit the place. Some whilom kings took to small clerkships and petty counter businesses, most of those who failed, how ever, abandoning the scenes of their triumphs. Cheyenne went in mourning. Amid busy rumors of losses and failures and heartrending shrinkages of real estate, its people, for the first time in history, be gan to use pennies. Kiss of the Small Stockmen. The immense bubble had burst. In the summers of '90 and '91 a considerable num ber of firms and companies, existing now hardly more than in name, failed to send men on the round-up or were inadequately represented. The cattle to be gathered iu these instances would hardly pay for them selves. A new situation confronted every body. Abandoning the range meant abandoning the watered lowlands, too, and the latter where title was imperfect, were promptly entered under United States law by cowboys and new settlers, who setup herds of their own. In the great northern central county, Johnson, homesteaders drifted in ycar'by year, and a dozen small towns had grown up on Clear creek, Powder river, and Crazy Woman's Fork, at points 200 or 300 miles northwest of Cheyenne. The new railroad built along the North Flattc, .100 to 150 miles north of Cheyenne, also brought in settlers small merchants, farmers and floaters. Of course, new settlers and old, df every element, banded themselves together against the moribund Stockmen's Association. The neglected shreds and ends of former great herds offered chances to rustlers to extend their own possessions by means of the brand ing iron. "Consequently a great deal of the hoofed property of the northern country has for three or four years been passing rapidly into the hnnOs of small stockmen. Perhaps a full third, however, of the old-time cattle kings have their stock companies, and what is left of them, intact. New blood has been taken into the Stockmen's Association, and to-day if has 465 members. Many are owners of small herds as compared with the great ones of the old days. That fact gives the big cattlemen room to say that all stock men outside of the association are only rustlers. Rumor of Marked Slen. Some of the ranches of the estab lished cattle kings are close to the new settlements, and they have seen with hot indignation, that the settlers kuow how to operate Federal land laws against Wyom ing law; that land and cattle, although 1 they have not wings, are passing somehow ( lrom their grasp ana into tne possession ot despised small farmers, petty stockmen, and mostly lawless rustlers. The antagonism between the cattle owners on a large scale and the cattle owners on a email scale became intensified. To the small owners the big are always "cattlo kings and thieves." Last year's general round-up, although ostensibly supervised by the State Commission, saw two armed bodies contesting in many parts of the range over the branding of the cattle. The big men declared that, outnumbered, they were obliged to stand day by day and see their calves branded by the rustlers with the trademarks of the latter. The big men said they would forestall the rustlers by placing an armed force early in the field and thus control the range It is believed in the settlements that the killing of Tisdale and Jones, two cowboys who were suspected of rustling, a few months ago, was instigated by the largo owners. A feeling ot apprehension has since spread among the small stockmen that others of their number are marked men. In fact, the names of the men to be picked off as examples have been mentioned freely. It was also announced recently that prominent members of the State Stock Commission would organize a company, make a dash into the small stockmen's country about Buffalo, near Fort JIcKinney, kill off alleged rustlers, and withdraw, without leaving any trace ot their identity. Tlio First Atrasd Invasion. Early in the morning of Sunday, April 10, a small stockman named Smithy, living on the North Fork of Powder Kiver, not far from the Big Horn Mountains, heard a con tinuous firing. As it came from the direc tion of a neighboring ranch, known as the "IC C" lrom the herd-brand of its owners, he rode over to ascertain the cause. He found the ranch house surrounded and be siesed by strangers, while the inmates were delending themselves desperately. Smithy galloped off northward to Crazy Woman, giving the alarm at ranches along the way, and on a fresh horse started for Buffalo, 25 miles further on. Ihere he informed Sheriff Angus of Johnson county ot the alfair. The Sheriff, gathering a posse, set off to the rescue. He arrived at the JC C. ranch at daylight on Mrnday, but the attacking party had finished its work. The house had been burned, and two dead bodies, those of Nate Champion and Dick Hay, were found in the ruins. Because it was supposed that Champion and Kay were rustlers, it was supposed also that the nieu who killed them were cattlemen. The invaders started toward Buffalo; but the country had been aroused, and rustlers, small stockmen, and even grangers had armed themselves and started in pursuit of them. They took shelter iu the T. A. ranch, 13 miles from Buffalo, where, at 2 o'clock Monday morning, they were at tacked by the rustlers' party. The fight was kept up all day, Sheriff Angus and his posse coming up in the meantime. On Tuesday the Sheriff appealed to the State, and, fiually, to the Federal authorities, and on the'morning of the 13th three troops ol United States cavalry lrom Fort McKiu ney arrived at the T. A. ranch. To them the besieged party surrendered. None of them had been injured. The rustlers' party, which also had met with no loss, dis persed. Blood at the Next Koand-Up. The cattlemen were escorted by the cav alry to Fort McKinney. On the 18th the prisoners, under a strong guard of cavalry, were started on the march for the railroad on the Platte. Fort Fetterman was reached on the 23d. Major Fechet, in command of the escort, there turned his charge over to Major Egbert, commanding companies G and C ot the Seventeenth Iufantry, and on the 19th the railroad journey of 150 miles was made southward to Fort Russell, three miles lrom Cheyenne. There the prisoners have been made comfortable aud are per mitted to receive all the visitors who call to see them. How they are to be tried, by whom, and where, are questions not settled yet. What the two factions of stockmen will do during the coming round-up is a grave question. The large cattlemeu, maintain ing their original occupancy of the range, and declaring that they stocked the country first, will be obliged to hire a strong force to uphold their assumed rights. The small stocKinen and rustlers, numerically the stronger party, haying with them local pub lic sentiment, will not renounce, until they are overpowered, their claims to take what they think right of the increase in range cattle. The State Government is with the big cattlemeu; the Federal Gov ernment is indifferent and the Johnson county government is on the side of the rustlers. The cattlemen say they are obliged to fight or see their property vanish bit by bit in thin air; the small stockmen say that if auy one ot the vigilantes now iu prison ever shows his face in Johnson county he will be shot with as little mercy as is shown a coyote. Ojrrx Awicmos Entirely new and fast In colors and exqulslto In designs, at Marnaux & Son's, SS3 Penn avenue. XeL 1871 Thsu TOO BUSY TO 'WED. That Must Dare Been the Trouble With Host Famous Bachelors. BUT A JILTING FIXED ST. PAUL Plato, Kant, STredenborjr and Humboldt Got Along Without Wives. XANTIPPE WAS AH ABUSED FEMALE pnumit roa thb dispatch. Plato, one of the most eminent philoso phers that the world has produced, takes rank also as one of its most famous old bachelors. Although it is known that he belonged to one of the first families of Athens being descended on his father's side from Codrus, its last king, and on part of his mother from Solon, the great lawgiver yet but little has been preserved in history as to the details of his long and useful life. It is not known whether he was ever in love after the Komeo pattern for a Juliet, or whether he was crushed with disappoint ment, or had made up his mind that the maids of Athens were fair and fickle or knew nothing about housekeeping, and could not make a decent loaf of bread, or minister to the comfort of a man in the systematic, scientific, and sympathetic style that the highest wisdom and knowledge of his times demanded. It is surmised that he must have been what is known in society as an "eligible" or '-a good catch," sinca he was of noble birth, fair fortune and highly cultured in music, rhetoric and painting, and l'.ad attained great proficiency in ath letic graces. Couldn't Stand His Own Poetry. Moreover, he had some claims to being a poet, although he had such a modest esti mate of his powers in this line that when he compared his own heroic poetry with that of Homer he found it so far below that he burned it in sheer despair. If there is any sort of a being that a sentimental girl dotes upon it is a poet, whether he is fine or superfine, or merely of the jingling, rhyming order. How Plato escaped marry ing some of the pretty girls of Greece, con sidering his advantages, must remain a mystery, but escape he did. He lived and died a bachelor, leaving to posterity his immortal works and a name crowned with the laurels of imperishable fame. The managing matchmaker got no hold upon him. The girls of his day lived in seclusion, and were not allowed to choose a husband tor themselves. Their education was n matter ot small moment. They were held to be inferior beings, and were trained uot to be intelligent companions but to be obedient servants to their husbands. What Philosophers Thought of Wcmim, The philosophers with all their wisdom did not rise above the common opinion in those golden days of Greece with regard to women. Aristotle held that in all respects men are better and higher than women, and Plato maintained that they should be held in curb much more than men, as their char acter lor virtue was inferior. His opinions, however, had not a strong foundation, since he as a bachelor could have had but littlo intercourse with them. Before he was of age he became a pupil of Socrates and for the rest of his life devoted himself to phil osophy by which he has enriched all man kind. What the world owes to Plato can never be estimated. Centuries have gone by since he taught a favored few in the beautiful groves of Academe, but his powers of mind arc still held by scholars and thinkers to be unsurpassed in any age. But still he did nbt know women. He may have got his notions of them from Xantippe, the wife of Socrates, his teacher. She has come down in history as a woman notorious for her bad temper. So much so that when Alcibiades, with a display of impudence, asked Socrates how he could live with such a woman, Socrates replied serenely thatr)"she exercises my patience and enables me to bear with all the injustice I receive from others." Xantippe gets more charitable judgment nowadays. She had ample exercise it is admitted, for her pa tience when Socrates left her alone to spend his evenings with the learned and beautiful Aspasia. Socrates himself bears testimony to her good qualities and influence. As Jane Carlyle did her sour Scotchman, she loved him for his powers of mind, and "put up" with his ugliness, his carelessness and neglect. Tho Apostle or Celibacy. St. Paul is one of the most famous of old bachelors in the world's history. His bit terness against marriage and advocacy of celibacy is due say the records of the Ebionites to the fact that having fallen in love with the High Priest's daughter, he was coldly refused. Being mad after the manner of men on such occasions, he preached and wrote against marriage with such zeal and unction as to greatly influence the church even down to the present day. His teachings are at the foundation of every monastery and convent. To his opinions as expressed, and held holy and b'nding by virtue of being due to heavenly inspiration, women have been martyrs lor centuries. In these days, however, his views are ac cepted mainly in a sort of theoretical way, for practically they are mostly null and void. Tney are rather apologized for, and in no way considered more binding, save by the bigoted, as a matter of duty and con science, than the command to the rich man to sell all. he has and give to the poor. Paul's personal appearance was against his getting married. Girls as a rule arc senti mental enough to rather object to the bald headeJ, ugly little man with a nob nose and a halty- gait, even though his mind and talents were of the first order. Nobody wonders that the High Priest's daughter wanted somebody better looking than the apostle to the Gentiles. Descartes IVedded to His Books. Descartes was another distinguished bachelor. He preferred mathematics' to love, and gave his soul and heart and mind to a study of philosophy and the writing of books. He was a bold and independent thinker. So much so that some of his works were condemned by the church au thorities, and an attempt was made by his enemies to brand him as an atheist who should be punished for daring to think and to publish what was called heresy. Whether he rejected marriage by deliberate design, or because he was jilted, or because he pre lerred the study of science to love, does not appear. When a woman does not many it is generally said that she can't get anybody toliave her, but when a man remains single it is usually held to be from choice. Not having a biography of this noted bachelor at hand to tell whether he ever suffered from poetry-of-passion stage ia his life, or considered love philosophically as a snare and a delusion, or that he made up his mind that a wife would be a hindrance to his mis sion, the chief fact is that he, "the pride of France," remained single. His influence it may have been that made the eminent philosopher Malebranchc, who was his ar dent admirer, also remain unmarried. It is quite likely that his "metaphysical medita tions" and'philosophical studies might have been interfered with by a humdrum wife of the kind that were then in fashion, to whom mathematics was an inscrutable mys tery, and science a matter to be held sacred to men alone. Tho Reasoning of Schopenhauer. It is quite certain that Schopenhauer fortified his determination'' to remain a bachelor by the example of the illustrious philosophers, who found single life more conducive to their tastes and their chosen pursuits. Schopenhauer took the matter coollv into carelul consideration. He made up his mind that it is the married man who supports "the lull burden of life, while the bachelor bears but half," and it is to the latter class that men of, science and liter ature should belong. A thinker, a philos opher, he claimed, should have fullest lib erty; Ha should be froe from all of the conventionalities of society and the re straints and worries of domestic life. His soarings into the illimitable and divines after the unfathomable should never be sub jected to the commonplace detail of a coal bill, or be brought to a shortstop by the urr metaphysical demands of the butcher and baker. Ho held, moreover, that he, a missionary of truth, should maintain by bis example the doctrine he held as such, that through asceticism will come the redemp tion of the world from pain and misery. This doctrine, of course, would in time bring the end of the world. Schopenhauer and Tolstoi both ask: What of it? Someone has said that Kant was the most profound thinker that has appeared in all the history of the human mind. Whether it was owing to this fact that he never en tered the holy estate of matrimony is not known. With the idea of becoming a church man he began the study of theology, but soon abandoned it in favor of logic, meta physics and mathematics, to which studies he devoted his life, and through which, in his writings, he has had vast influence in the speculative German philosophy. Kant Must ITovo liccn a Crnnlr. Kant, with all his powers ot mind, his immense knowledge and capacity for "pure reason," mut have been a queer man, or what in these irreverent days would be called a "crank." His character was of the highest. He was noted for the strict ness ot his principles of morality, his firm, unbending adherence to freedom of thought and faith in the advancement of mankind to higher-conditions. But while most men of learning travel to improve their minds, he was so set in his habits that he never, says his biographer, traveled beyond seven miles from his native town in his life. He was like the good old woman in Plum town ship who had lived there for 50 years and had never been "the length of Pittsburg" in her life. He resembled Socrates, who was so devoted to Athens that nowhere else had any charms for him, and he found the "old bores and Philistines" of that classic city more to his taste than any people to be found without its walls. Another of the eminent order of German philosophers who also died a bachelor was Leibnitz, whose discoveries in science were almost coincident with those of Newton, and between whom there -was a rivalry as to priority of discovery equal to the dis putes as to the telegraph and telephone, and other great inventions of the present day. Philosophers of his order, it would seem, have no time for love, save as to study it metaphysically. Leibnitz, it would seem, was too busy hunting out the origin of evil, and evolving his theories as to concrete motion, and to optimism td get married. Swedenborc; Was Too Busy. Anybody who has time aud taste in these days to go through the CO volumes of Swedenborg's works will probably get some thing of an idea of the man. He wrote upon the subject of marriage, but was too much occupied with the questions of Whence? What? Whither? ever to get married himself. He says of himself that from his fourth to his tenth year his thoughts were "constantly engrossed by re flections upon God, on salvation, and on the npiritual afflictions of man." From this it will be seen what an infant "prod igy" he must have been. Any healthy boy at that stage ot life in these days is en gaged in marbles, playing baseball, reading stories of history "and adventure, going to the oircus, trudging unwillingly to school and praying for vacation. Salvation and the spiritual afflictions of man have very small place in his mind. It is little wonder with such a childhood that in ma ture manhood Swedenborg was pronounced a mystic, an insane dreamer. Claiming all the powers of spiritualism in unfolding the future.he wrote numerous volumes upon the mysteries of heaven, and gave the details of lile beyond the skies, all of which sustain the idea that he was a little "off" in his mind, as men who live solitary lives aro apt to be as they crow old. With a wife and children he would have found probably that matters terrestrial were of closer mo ment than ''The White Horse, mentioned in the Apocalypse," or the "Destruction of Babylon." Without family, relieved by a pension from care as to a living, he wrote endless pages of what, says Emerson, but few men can read, and what the "crushers" of to-day would bury in the consuming fire of waste as "stuff." Having missed a mato here below, it may be that he hoped to find her in heaven, since in opposition to the teachings of tho New Testament he maintains that the marriage relation exists in heaven as it does on earth. Ilumbo'dt Must Have Ueen Nice. The great author of "Cosmos," Hum boldt, was a pretty old bachelor when he died at the age ot 90. As a man of science, a traveler and explorer and as an author, he achieved greatest honors. As a man in so ciety, it is said, he was of the sort so genial in manners and pleasant in disposition that he made friends everywhere, But he gave up wife and children and the happiness of domestic joys for "science," the mistress of his mind, whom he loved first, last and all his life. When the frosts of old age had come upon him he pronounced himself "a joyless old man,'" in that he had done so lit tle iu his pursuit of knowledge. No fair German girl i.ad power of beauty or fascination to win him from his bent of eenius and his ardent devotion to learning. But perhaps he did more for the gain of civ ilization through his "Testament of Science" than if he had left a dozen stal wart sons. It has been said of Washington that "Providence made him childless that his country might call him Father," so it might be said of Humboldt that Providence made him a bachelor tor the benefit of the world. Bessie Bkamble. THE CASTLE THAT PATH BUILT. She Chose tha Location Cecauso the Damp Air Agrees With Hor. The house in which Patti lives Is one of the m03t interesting of homes. "Craig-y-Nos Castle," as the songstress has christened it, is hidden away in the wild hills of the Swansea valley of Wales, writes Florence Wilson in LadUt' Ilome Journal. It would be one of the most inaccessible spots imagin able were it not for a little railway which runs within tour miles of it. In pleasant weather it would be difficult to find a pret tier bit of landscape, but in wet and wintry weather, when storms sweep through the valley and transform the tumbling little Tawy river into a foaming torrent, it is a good place to keep away from. Patti's reason for choosiug a home there was a good one. The peculiarly moist atmosphere of the place suited her voice better than any other locality she could find on the English side of Dover Straits. Having once determined where she would live, Patti began to build a home consistent with her ample ideas of comfort and luxury. The most remarkable thing about "Craig-y-Nos" is that such nn establishment is to be found in such a remote part of the country. It is very much as though Jay Gould had built his Irvington palace in the heart of the Adirondack, instead of on the slope of the Hudson river. In point of architec tural beauty or extent of acreage it would be absurd to compare "Craig-y-Nos" with any of the great ance.tral estates of tho English aristocracy. The castle takes its name from a huge, ill-shaped lull called "Craig-of-the-Xight." To get around this hill and make her house moderately access ible from the railway station, Patti spent ?20,000 in building a roadway. Tarrots Spread Infectious DJgaes. A Frenchman, by the name of Dubois, re cently imported from South -America 200 parrots, which he placed in his lumber room in the Hue Baquette. A great many ot them died; others were given away or sold. The inmates of Dubois' house and the differ ent owners of birds have all been attacked with a kind of infectious lung disease. Five have died. That tho infecticn was caught through the parrots cannot be doubted, as all who have been connected with the birds 'became stricken with this malady. Special diamond sale thl week. Call and see the Immense display. Frious below com petition at M. U. Cohen's, 6 Fifth avenue. Bcoiite was never known to fail; It kills roaches, bedbugs, etc., evory time. 23 cts. TOPICS OF THE TIME. Gossip About the Honor Salisbury Has Conferred on Froude. MORE ABOUT FRANCE IN AFRICA. Uniting, the Tiro American Continents With Bands of SteeL A KEHARKABLE WHIST COINCIDENCE rWEITTIS FOB THE DISrATCII.I Lord Salisbury, as Prime Minister of England, lm in his time made some strange appointments; not one without some deep motive of polit ical or personal feel ing; and certainly not one more strange or, apparently, more nnaccountable than that of Mr. Jnmes Anthony Froude to Historian Froude. the Professorship of Slodern History at Ox ford. Mr. Froude, then a student of Oriel College, in the year 1848, published hts first book of any note, viz., '"The Nemesis of Faith," so atrocious for its system of morals, and so defiant of all Christian be liefs, that it was publicly burned at Oxford and the author condemned as a heretic Since then he has made himself notorious in many other of his writings and in the mat ter of history been severely handled by Mr. Freeman, the late professor, a scholar of European fame. Now, in his old age (74) after having been forcd to resign his fellowship in 1848, he goes back to his old University by royal mandate, whitewashed from all his iniqui ties, and approved as a public teacher of youth. The real truth is his sole merit in Salisbury's eyes that he has written a popular biography of one Benjamin DMsraeli, once hated by the noble Marquis as a political adventurer, but now, in tho whirligig of time, become a much-lauded idol. The patron in this case professes to be not only a Christian, but a high church man while his nominee is an open un believer in any god greater than Henry VIIL The Mermaid and thn Sea Serpent. This Is about the time of year whoa the sea serpent and his sweet oousin, the mermaid, appear upon our coasts. It 13 singular how tenacious of life the mermaid myth is. Steam and the multiplication of seafarers have robbed the sea of most ot its mysteries, but there's many an old salt still afloat who believes in the lovely fish-tailed syren, aye, and who can vouch for her existence from his own experience. Without going back to the primeval fish stories of Mr. Homer, it is worth noting that descriptions of mer maids are extant of as early a date as 1830, when, according to an English writer, one summer afternoon two of these wonderful creatures were seen so plainly by some fish ermen, that the latter were able to observe that the mermaids had auburn hair, lovely faces and delicate hands. A mermaid was washed ashore in Holland in 1480 and being taken in by some good burgher of Edam lived lor a number of years, only showing her marine origin by her strong liking for water. Mermaids have revealed themselves to fishermen with great regularity ever since, hut as a rule the records of these manifesta tions arc at second hand. Somebody who had it from an eye witness usually relates the story. The crew of an East Indiaman in 1737 had the singular distinction of mak ing a meal of a mermaid caught near Mauri tius. They said its flesh tasted like ycal. The sea serpent has apparently driven' the tenderer denizens of the deep away from the American coast, for except as a manufact ured commodity for circus side-shows, the mermaid is Dever seen here now. French Desiens on the Tuareg. Fr.in.ce is bound to extend her African empire, and the movement against the Tuaregs recently undertaken by Governor Fourcau of Algeria is primarily to bring a large section of country lying on the western frontier of Tripoli between Ghadames and Insalah, under the French flag. The scandalous behavior of the Tuaregs for years past is excuse enough for French aggression. The Tuaregs are a na tion ot robbers. They form a considerable part of the nomadio population of the Sahara, living entirely in tents and at their neighbor's expense. Mounted on horses, camels or dromedaries they circulate through the desert, attacking caravans and raiding the settlements of more peaceful tribes. A Tuareg is only taught how to fight and ride, and lying and treachery are a part of his nature. They never sow crops or do any honest labor, and latterly their reckless depredations upon the caravans passing through the territory in which they roam have put a stop to tradings to a great ex tent. In fact, the only good thing that can be said for the Tuaregs is tint their women have a much better time than most of their sex in Africa. Wives, though they are quoted on the market at a steady value of six camels each, are treated with respect by their husbands, and allowed to go and come pretty much as they please. The Tuareg women also enjoy a monopoly of singing, which, as the meu are harsh of voice and the Tuareg tongue unmusical, is a good thing for all concerned. But tho whole Tuareg raoe will have to reform now, stop stealing and cultivate honesty or go the way of other barbaric races that have re sisted European civilization. A Bepresentatlve American Girl. Eich men's daughters are not always lovely or loveable; if they were, what chance wonld the majority of women, poor men's daugh ters, stand in the matrimonial sweep s t akes? Senator Brice, of Ohio, has a daughter, however, who could afford to stand upon her own good looks and amia ""sVJ bility, even if her Miss Brice. father were not a power in politics, a millionaire and a mighty smart man all around. Miss Brice has only recently cawnctl upon society, but she has made a marked impression upon Washington circles. She is a representative American girl with a striking individuality and personal beauty of no mean order. Her deep, dark eyes and soft brown hair are her pre-eminent ch'arms from a physical standpoint, bnt it is her sensible and" unselfish disposi tion that have won for her unusual popu larity at the capital, where she has been of great assistance to her mother in entertain ing this season. It is said of her that she worship her mother, and perhaps herein lies the secret ot her attractiveness in a circle where filial affection is somewhat rarer, if reports are to be believed, than elsewhere. Two Itrmarlcubla Djals Tor Whlit. Whist plavers will be astonished at an extraordinary coincidence in connection with the great game recently. At Brighton, in England, and at Bostou, Mass., on dif ferent days last month the cards were dealt iu a game of whist so that each suit fell evenly into a player's hand. In the case of the Brighton party, of which the most mi nute account is at hand, the cards alter a thorough shuffling by two persons aud the customary cutting wero dealt and the four of spades was turned np as trump. The dealer then found he had all the other spades.and the other players to their amaze ment discovered that each of them held a complete suit. The same extraordinary dis tribution of the cards took place a few days later in a game of whist at Boston. The players who attest the phenomenon in both cases are eminently reliable. This recalls the story of the mendacions card player who boasted that he had once held every trump in the deck at whist. "Then you must have dealt the cards?" said oue of his auditors. "No, sir," protested the prevaricator, off his guard, "one of my opponents dealt." "Then you couldn't hold all the trump, my friend." Anyone who wants to employ a day or so in a cool and calm wrestle with figures should calculate what chance there is of such n combination of cards occurring to a man who plays every night of his lite be tween the age of 20 and CO. The Last or Arcbtlak John It is questionable if the royal family of Hapsburg is in tears oyer the report that Archduke John of Austria was drowned some time ago in Val paraiso harbor, lor John Ortb, as he called himself when last heard of, com bined independence and intellect to a dis agreeable extent for a prince. Indeed lie was Duke Jom of Av.iMa.very much what Ameri cans would call a crank. For more than a year the public haj been in possession of the fact that a man calling himself John Orth had been drowned in Chilean waters, but somehow the belief was general till now that Archduke John wns in hiding for state reasons, and desired to be considered dead. It now seems certain that the sailor who died at Valparaiso was the Archduke. All the originality and brain force of the Hapsburg family seems to have been cen tered in this eccentric prince. Since child hood he has been in hot water, because he would not behave like an orthodox prince of the Austrian honse, and do nothing indus triously. Whether he was composing ballet music for the Viennee theaters, drilling Bulgarian soldiers, making love to an Aus tralian nobody aboard a P. & O. steamer, or experimenting roughly with a spiritualistic humbug, he was intensely in earnest. Amer icans will honor him for his determination to earn his bread by the sweat of his brow and for his courage and fidelity in marrying the little ballet girl, Lndmilla Strubel. in spite of the fury and fuss of his royal rela tives. It is a pity that so useful and vig orous a member of a notoriously weak fam ily should have been cut off in his prime. It was only two years ago May, 1S90 that he married his little sweetheart, the Viennese dancer, bought an iron sailing vessel and started away as her captain, for which post he had qualified by studying navigation with his wonted ardor for two years, with a cargo of cement from Loudon to Buenos Ayres. The manner of his death has not yet been told clearly, beyond that he fell overboard and was drowned before help could reach him in Valparaiso harbor. The whole story of their extraordinary honey moon would make splendid reading if his widow, who is said to be a great beauty, should ever tell it A Railroad Trio to the Horn. The growth of friendly relations between this country and the South American States ought to proceed more rapidly as the rail road links between them and ns are com pleted. It is not generally known how near to completion the scheme to connect all parts of the two continents has been brought At present the traveler can board the cars at New York and step from them at the City of Mexico over3,000 milesaway. Railroad connection will soon be finished from there to Avutia, a plac? on the north ern frontier of Guatemala, 700 miles further on. The drive into the continent beyond will be undertaken as soon as the inter-continental commission, jointly appointed by this country and South American repub lics, shall determine how best it may be done. So that the day when a man may talk of running down to Cape Horn for a day or two is not nearly so distant as oue may think. A'VFoman and a Son. Although the clamorous chorus of 'Ta-ra-ra Boom-de-ay" is not quite such an afflic tion to Londoners as it was, the En glish metropolis, or at least such part of it as patronizes the music halls, is still crazy over the chief offender, as a singer of the ditty. Miss Lottie Collins. The triumph of this young woman is not so hard to nnderstaud Zcitie CoUins. now that a really faithful portrait of her has crossed the Atlantic In her latest photograph, which represents her in a big Gainsborough hat, a dark lace dress and long black gloves, Lottie looks as if she might lend vivaHy, not to use a stronger word, to any song c dance, and easily cap ture the host of ccatter-brains who lead the multitude in search of amusement The London journals continue to proclaim Lottie Collins to be "The Woman of the Hour," and we musn't be too quick to condemn them, for nobody knows that she will not create a like furore here when she visits America next fall. It would be wholesome to turn her loose about the time the elec tion excitement is at its height in Novem ber. Johns-Kaufman y. The Natural MLSBAD Spradel Salt Slcommm4t4 tor Diseases u. U ver. Kidneys Stomach. As an occasional pur . gative ; in habitual con stipation; fatty liver; in ecneral a'dioosis. dia betes, gout and rheuma tism, it is without equal. What Naturo Produces Man Cannot Improve wj. (' .u Kciiuuiu im ported Carlsbad Sprudel Salt, , which must bnvo tho cisrnaturo Tn.U n.n .n f t oi runner e .aicnneisnn U'.. coio egents, New York, on every bottle. Thoroughly, Rapidly. Permanently Restored. If Tea re sttTerio? from Trervgusness. DefcUity. Lost 01 Fallius Unnarc'd.Impotenoy. Stunted Developmen: ol ay ol tae parts. Wcaknasa of Uoiyand J4ind. Worry Srars of Youth or Later Hxccucs, DONOT DESPAIR. Tim is Hope lor alL Yomz, Hume Liti M on M& Tiiocsixns or THK WOIKT C1SFJI IUTK TIILnr.n TO ocs EK1IH TK smiDDSOK llOXg TKKATBE.1T. JIOSTSCIKNTITIC.nJSnCCiBSi'UI.iSVEi; KKOWH Atasluteljr Unnulln. XnSoritd br tli. ltl!ng Utrild rntcrelly. XNVESTiaATE. Bonk. .Tl.i.tton. tiUnu- a!.U .! vad.riemcatj niutd tne.a, FREE. T2B AST1EL03 UX3KU, CI3IHBT3 CO.. ftsfts, 0. apTO-Dsu Wc hve it positive cure lor the eirtt r e!r hnse, Harl)- Excce. Emissions, Xervouj IJr bllltr. I.osof Sexual l'ower. lmpotener, Jtc. So jtreitlsonrfMthliimir specific we will senr! one full month' medlelno una much vsluablo Infor mation FBEE. Address G. M. Co., 835 Broadway, New York. myll-21-.u m.xfi" i .'ZtvuL-ir ml fltt.K toousoK- AS . .Co- xs 6 SJUfUTjijf asr llllmSTslira CR0UPY SOUNDS, At night, from baby's crib, aro distract ing to parents who are at a los3 for a medicino equal to tho emergency. Not so with those who havo Ayer's Cherry Pectoral in the house. A doso of this medicine affords certain and speedy relief. To cure colds, coughs, soro throat, asthm3, bronchitis, hoarseness, and the various disorders of tho breath ing apparatus, Ayer's Cherry Pectoral has no equal. It soothes the inflamed tissue, in- promotes Call Fori ration, dnces re U.Carley, pose. Cap. L Brooklyn, N. Y., writes: "I have used Ayer's Cherry Pectoral in my family for thirty years and have always found it the best remedy for croup, to which complaint my children were subject." "I use Ayer's Cherry Pectoral in my practice, and prononncs It to ba un cqualed as a remedy for colds and coughs." J. G. Gordon, 1L D., Carroll Co., Virginia. Ayers Cherry Pectoral Trepered by Dr. J. C. Ayer & Co., Lowell, Mau bold ty lUDrugsUu; Prlco $1; six bottles $i. MEDICAI DOCTOR WHITTIER 814 i:K-X AVKNDE, I'ITTSBVRG. im. As old residents Icnon- and hack Hies a: Pittsburg papers prove, is the oldest estab lished and most prominent physician In tho citv,devo:in specialattcution toall chronla fce-NO FEE UNTIL CURED spousiblo MCDn IO "d mental dls pernors HLT VUUO eases, physioal de cay, nervous debility. lack ot euenrv. ambi tion and hope, lmpairo.l memory, disordered Flch'. self distrust, bashtulnes-, dlzzlnes sleeplessness, pimples, eruptions. Impoveri shed Dloofl, tailing power, organic weak ness, dyspensla. constipation, consumption, unflttini tliu por-ion fornusiness.'ociety nntt ni.trriaze, permanently, ?a!ely and privately iTaSiBLOOD AND SKIN.'&S? eruptions. blotc!io,faIllnT halr.bonew'alns, Innitiilar gwutlintr. ulcerations ot tlie toncne, mouth, throat, nlccm. old sores, nra cured for life, and blood poisons thoroughly eradicated froml IDJM A DV kidnev and tho ystem. Unllin II I .bladder de. raneement, weik bao'r. travel, catarrhal disohanres, infla-nmation and other painful symptoms receive searchins treamon. rirompc roller and real core. Dr.Whlttler's llfe-Ioni extensive expert ence lnsnres scientific and reliable treat ment on common sense principles. Consulta tion free. I'atlent? at a distance as carefully treated as If here. Office hours, 9 a. it. to I r.V. Sunday, 10a.it. to 1 r. it. only. DR. WnrrtIEK, 814 Penn avenne, Pittsburg, Pa, MPT10N, t ... . nn.;f;MmHitfnF th nhnTA dtae&sa; brltM nse tboawnds of cases of tho worst kind snd of Ions; standing hTe been cured. Indeed so strong is mj Wtli iaits eficAcx, that I will send two bottlis ran, wits eVALUABLE TREATISE on this disease to My snt Icier who will send mo thoir Express And P.O.Address. 'IV A. Slocum, ill. C, 18U Pearl tit., N. Y. ap30 WOOD'S PHOSPHODNIE, Tho Great English Iteinedjr. Promptly an2 permanent. It cures all lorms of nerr ous weakn-ss. emissions. spermatorrhea, lmpotcnor nud all effects of abase or excesses, llcea prescribed OTer 35 years in thousands of cases; is the only reus able and honest mealcine Vnnwn A!c ilrnffffl.tS for fmrnm fcnrt Aft- Woon'B PnosriiODErx: it he offers some worthless medicine In pine of this, leave hl3 dishonest store. Inclose price m letter, and we will send br return mail. Price, one pACi ze. It: six. 5. One will please six will core Pamphlet In plain sealed envelope. Istamps. Ad dressTHE rtoou CHEMICAL CO.. HI Wood ward avenue. Detroit, Jllch. sold in I'ituburjrbr Jos. Flimixo3o-i.'U2 Market street. ,V del7-31-eodwk: WEAK MEN, YOUR AT1KNT103 IS CALLED TO THS GRfAT ESOLI3S ECHIDTV Hue uix vaw. ", Grav's Snecifie Medicins i-s? i r , I EJO.U 5U VFJL.H n e Vnit llenllitT. Wt akuess of Body Mminu. umneind Mind. Spermatorrhea, and Impotencv, and all diseases that arise from orer Indulgence and self-abase, as Loss of Memory and Power. Dimness of Vision. Premature Old A, and many other diseases that lead to Insanity or Consumption and aa early sraTe. write for ou P Address GIlAYSrEDICIXE CO., Buffalo. N. T, The Specific Medicine is sold by all rirujrxtsts at ft per package, or stx packages for 45. or scot by mall onreceiptofmocey.ijiip GIJARANTeTET and with every - w -M -M H.M lll&.Ctm order a euro or money refunded. ja-On account of counterfeits we ha7eadoptei the Yellow Wrapper, the only genuine. Sold la Flttsburz by S. S. HOL1.AND, cor. Mnlthfleld and Liberty sta. jBij-61-uwreosa A cure for Plies. External. Internal. Blind. Bleed. Inr and Itchlnn. Chronic Recent or Hereditary. This remedy has positively never been known to fall. II a box. 6 for 5. by mat!. A ruarantee Klvea' with six boxe. when purchased at one time, to re fund the S if not cured. Issued by EMU, O. STUCKY, Druesrlst, 'Wholesale and Retail Arent, Kos. MOt and IT0I Penn ave.. corner TVylle ave. and Pulton St.. Plitabursr. Pa. Use Stncky'. lllarrhsa Cramp Cure. SS and cts. JaI-S2-ot VIGOR OF MEN Easily. Quickly, Ferm-inently KESTORETX WEAKNESS, NERVOUSNESS, DEBILITT. and all the train of evU, tho resnlts of over work, 6icknej, worry, etc Pull streneth. development. and tone iruaranteed In all cases. Simple, natural methods. Immedi ate Improvement seen. Failure Impossible. 2 000 references. Boole, explanations ana proofs mailed (sealed) free. Address Elili: MEDICAL CO., BUFTAXO, N. T. u9er!nr lrom Xae Power. NrnNi Do- m.tt.. - .- ... Ete. W e will send yon a valuable book (sealed) T& ofcharjre.contalninyfallpartlcalarsforafpeedyand permanent enre. Address: XA.NilATEnilEO.CO, go. (JUT street, Ot. liCUU.. JIO. AB00KFDBTHEMIILI0N FJ?EJ million mess WMENTi GMTZ, Y ITH MEDICAL, ELESTRICrTCJ Per all CHROHIC, OEOAH10 aaj IIXKVOTS DISEASES in both aexea, Ra ba Klt till TOO nsd till. book. AddTMO THE PERU CHEMICAL CO., MIIWAUIEE.W1S SEKTOfSSCrFEaEItSrronjmtlna error., !nMflr2.lrTls.r, " w", VIcoct!e..t:..ltT.polli.r.oiT forth. . i .tk-lt.nMtliotuiindlofuM.of th. wont kind Lra.fldinTh.V.l,bU,Jp.kM4. Ia- deed, to I. mr '" " " ""J1 V"V ""' lT." full sized packnee. free orchorre, tonr .mioui nfmr. DJS.. SAXDES'S ELECTRIC BELT With Electro-Magnetic Suspensory Latest Patentol Best Improvement! Win core wlthont medicine all Weakness resoltlns; from over-taTatlon of brain, nerve forcef, ex cesses or Indiscretion, as exhaustion, nervous de bility. sleeples.no... lanjrnor. rheumatism, kid ney, liver and bladder complaints, lame hack. Inm bipo. sclttlc-i. general Ill-health, etr. This Elee trlc Belt contains wonderful Improvements over all other., and irives a rrrcnt that Is Instantly relt by wearer or we forfeit V.0OO. and will cure alio he above disease, or no pay. Thousands have Wn cured hv thi. marvelous Invention after all other remedies failed and we Klve hundred. e2 testimonials In this and cverr other Stat Our Powerful IMPP.OVED ELECTRIC 8U3 PENSOI5Y. the greatest boon ever offered weak men. KltEE with ALL BELTS. Health Tand vTwA ous slrenjrth GUARANTEED In n toSOdava. S5 Addres1 PamPUetJ. nailed. tealedT free. 8ANDEX ELECTRIC CO, elUS-TTSSa Ko. 1 Broadway, New X oik mm& .1 t I ''t&&. 4w 'r3f!sk . . 1 -&&
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers