LSlSHPiM2 JCPZ.--JF1J W.-NBTJ6 r- THE PITTSBURG DISPATCH. SUNDAY MARCH 27, -189a 17 ATDRE'SISYENTMS. c Key to. Many a Problem With VfMcli Weak Man Is Wrestling. E STOMACH AS A GENERATOR Teach Us How to Get Electricity Direct From the Fuel. I FIEEFLT AND LIGHT QUESTION rmimxx fob the dispatch, i .'stare, after all, is the great contriver. Ui all the material there Is, -with all the time there hat been, she has made it her task to find out how everything that lives can come to its best es tate, and do its work In the easiest way. As rain falling I upon a mountain peak asks no guideposts to show it the shortest path to the valley, so the rootlets of a flower need no gardenertobid them thicken and multiply alone the line where they find most food. On the arid plains of Arizona a vine, in burrow ing downward for moisture, will ottcn have ten times as much growth within the Achromatic ground as above it; in a fer- Lens. tile, well-watered soil the vine will descend into the earth hardly as far. V bald cypress in a swamp of Florida ts itselt to verv peculiar circumstances e as successfully. 1 mdmg its suste e near the surface, it spreads out its in horizontal lines and at no great a in the soil. Every wind that stirs -t roots but promotes their thrift and "gthens their anchorage. A wealth of floats on the swtmp water. In seeking :he roots throw to the surface the ees," whose efiect in bracing the tree nst the assaults of tempest fills the i;e designer with admiration. "When rogeny ot such a tree come to occupy A as it lies In the mold, and the gun barrel is permitted to cool from its outer circumference with extreme slowness. A gnn cast in this way may be re garded as a series of cylinders, the outer opes of which are successively shrunk on the inner; as these inner ones "are thus strongly compressed the force nf com pression U added to that of the metal's pow erful cohesion, and so tremendous explosive forces are safely resisted. At the same time the outer cylinders of the gun are in a state of tension, that is, they would fir apart were they of less tenacious metal. At a distance as they are from the discharging powder, they are still strong enough to withstand as much of the strain of firing as comes upon them. In this ingenious man ner the founder distributes throughout the whole mass of his metal the prodigious rup turing force of modern explosives, explo sives which would rend as paper the cannon us ea oy our grandiatne rs, The structure he builds up closely resem bles that of the heart In its two inner parts the fibres of that organ are wound somewhat like two balls of twine, and these in turn are tightly compressed bv a covering of other similar fibres. The heart has to resist no such explosive force as that which comes upon a gun, but in propelling the blood through the system it has to exert great pressure. This pressure by the or gan's peculiar structure is uniformly dis tributed throughout every part. In the frame of an ordinary man the labor of the heart in 24 hours is equal to lilting 131 tons one foot from the ground. The Eye and Achromatic Ienses. We are familiar with the glass triangular prism which can break up a beam of sun light into rays having all the hues of the rainbow. The ordinary simple lens is ap proximately a prism iu circular form and I ft """ V'-Li"HViiliHI' II C 11 !-drained lands, the "knees" would be I .ess and do not appear. The &ur:ral oF the Fittest. c the transmission of life from the stem i plant to its seed, a thousand influences conveyed. Little wonder that their ite poise should be unsteady, that cer- ot the new shrubs or trees should be a difierent from their parent. Perhaps BoriSMUal Section of the ifbatt A aqueous humor; b, crystalline lens; o, 1 .. -Ji mm. V-- T 'ill si AH..... t V iCS?H5 isi2 Said Ci-preu Roots. -aect is a cactus and one of its off- z has a fleshier stem and less surface any other member of the familv. In a -oil and parching atmosphere tfiis will e plant to get the best foothold and tain it with most vigor. And the very petition which means death to its er rivals aures this bettered stock a ce to multiplv its kind. - :n the vegetable kingdom so In the r field of animal life. Xatnre hs light to provoke vitreous humor. I breaks up lieht in the same fashion, so that arouna its edges, especially it tne lens be thick, we can observe a circular fringe of colored rays. This fringe in the telescopes of Sir Isaac Newton gave the philosopher great annoyance. Making some rough ex periments, he concluded that the defect was without remedy. Had he but known it, the anatomy ot his own eves could have shown him how him how to banish the vex atious colored fringe. Let us see how Dollond, the first op tician who succeed in making achromatic or colorless lenses, went about it Ascertain ing that crown glass dispersed or scattered light onlv half as much as flint glass, he united a fens of the former to a lens of the latter, obtaining a refracted or beut beam of light almost unchanged in its whiteness. Compound lenses on this principle are pro vided in all the best telescopes, micro scopes and cameras. In the eye light passes through the three difierent media on its way to the retina, and the refractive and dispersive powers of al three so vary and harmonize that the image Is impressed In its true tints. Employing three lenses ground from difierent kinds of glass, Prof, 0. S. Hastings, of New Haven, Conn., has suc ceeded in Improving the telescope 23 per cent in sharpness ot definition and in purity of the color of its images. With achro matic lenses and a dark chamber, or camera, our photographic instruments closely re semble the eve. Indeed, physiologists are of opinion that when we see an object the These fibrils respond to electrical excitation in so marked a degree as to suggest profound physiological similarities. And what adds to this sugsestiveness Is that the eel's columnar layers and the human fibrils are similarly affected by strichnine and curare. The Stomach's Conversion of Energy. At sueh a point as this sclsoM seems to be nearing an understanding of' the great question. How does food produce work in the animal system? At a temperature a little higher than that ot "atmoipberio air, and very much lower than that of the steam ejected from our engines, every process, of nutrition and muscular exertion takes place. And bt it observed that no steam engine yet constructed, however carefully designed, approaches the animal economy in effici ency. Perhaps nature converts the force resident in food into useful work, not through the medium of beat, but through that of electricity. How it all happens has onjy to De comprehended to lengtneu the life of every coal mine in the world, per haps as much as twice. And far below the bird In rank are crea tures whose capacities, if successfully imi tated, would greatly Improve' the lot of man. When the wax candle gave way to the gas jet, light brought with it only three-fourths as much heat ps before. When the gas jet in turn makes way for the incan descent lamp, ted by the electric current, the accompaniment of useless heat falls to one.twenty-tbird as much as formerly. In some of the best aro lamps it is estimated that the heat rays have been so reduced as to represent no more units -of force than the rays ot iignt une-hall, therefore, ot per fect efficiency has been attained. Farotner wise is it with the incandesoent, filament, whose radiance means but one part light to ii pans neat this loss, be it remembered, hastobepaid in addition to the heavy tax levied by the steam engine as it converts its fuel into motive power for the dynamo. Tne electrician, for all bis complexity of apparatus, is still far behind certain lowly insects as a light giver. In the glowworm, and in the firefly, especially in the splendid species which abounds in Cuba, Prof. S. P. Langley has found that light is emitted with no wasteful partnership whatever with rays of heat How soon will genius, keen of ye, skillful of hand, read the secret of this iiny craiisman ana translate it into an en gine for the illumination of the world7 Geobge Ii.es. SUNDAY IN URUGUAY. It Is a Say of Recreation, With & Little Religion Thrown In. RACES, SALOONS AND THEATERS Are Taken as a Matter of Course, and Almost Anything Goes. HOW NAT1TES MAKE THEIR BUTTEE WHAT WOKEN WANT TO SHOW. the eve tn vision . - - a . -: " i vi upuuuu luat wiicu wo bcc ua uuj n Trt Innn th o" on ch. 1.-- a...!... a I . .... j , r ", . , """mj"" " I impression is due to a succession ot evanes. uevelop both wings and lungs; water, cent photographs formed upon the retina so ...w-. v...w, uos ujuwcu jiu anu ramdlv as to seem a nermanent nlcture. riano Strings in the Ears. Piacos, violins, flutes, and other musical It Darwin, whom no observer of nnr has exceeded inacutenessand patience, that in thousands of cases the shape color of leaf and flower, the form of and beak, had come about in doing r work with the least possible effort In - following the line of greatest profit Inventors as Con.olons Imitators. s but a few years since men of con .ee awakened to the truth that nature i be their chiefest teacher. For ages had gone on stumbling in the dark, as a not through sheer accident hitting a new device of value, and confining - view rather to what other men had - than extending it to what nature was g a-ound them every day. A change ome upon them, and to-day they in- e with conscious aim: How does nature 'uce li-jht? How does she group her is togetliei"' How ioes she mass her -? How can we imitate her? What, if 'mnce we may follow in them, are the ' :n her method? "erv striking U it, as we look back upon pest, to sge how much of the loftiest . ould be blind to what nature held ii." tlieii eves. Architecture had pro cd all the beauty and variety of the ; nler be'ore it spanned door or win- i MTithanatch. Yet the outline of the i' was all the uhile exhibiting a form ch couli! lend the building art new rtrih a well as grace. Modern archi ll and ergineers, whether knowingly or have taken more than one leaf out of ' s Ljo. Iu rearing their loftiest ass they employ cylindrical columns i aad s.teel. These colums are always v, a also are the engine shafts of the - -t steamers, for experience proves that ow cylinder has the strongest form a civen mass of supporting material This is very much the shape of nes in one's arm or leg, so that, with icaig beyond human auatomy, the in - and creb tect could long ago hae a hint oi no little talue. Jsson ot Elastic Cartilage. w bone is joined to bone is scarcely rstractivc. As they move upon one -.ier an elastic cartilage cushions sudden -.n and prevents th harm and hurts its s might infi'et On the railroad be- 'u Boston and Lowell the ties were at huge blocks of granite. Strong and Je enough they certainly were, But lacked elasticity. The locomotives "vs a? they ra-ed over them were so 'y shaken that the stone ties had very to be discarded for wooden ones. To r case their sharp vibrations powerful ? sre fastened beneath cars and en- . and to lessen the jar in starting and ing they are provided front and rear 1 fcge spring butlers ot stoutest steel. ''ie theodolite and the i-extant, in cer- : printing presses, and in the geometri- . of the bank note engraver, we find and socket joint which permits uni- i motion. Tne shoulder and hip joints ir as iree to move in any direction instruments yield their notes by the vibra tion of strings, pipes or reeds of definite length and form. Across the box-like organ in the throat, the larynx, the vocal cords vibrate in an identical way. When we sing a particular note into an open piano, whose strings are free to vibrate, tne string capable ot giving out that note at once responds. In the ear is the delicate, grad uated structure known as the rods of Corte which there is a good reason to believe, vibrate in like manner with the Impact of sound waves and so give rise to our auditory impressions. Prom speaking and hearing let us turn to the process of breathing. Every time we inflate our lungs their tissue performs an operation which baffles the skill of me chanic or chemist to imitate, except with enormous waste. Air is made up of oxygen and nitrogen mechanically mixed. Oxygen alone subserves our vital functions,' and from air our lungs part it and pots it into the current of the blood. To overcome the force ot diffusion, which holds together the constituents of a cubic foot of air, requires an exertion equal to lifting 1.400 pounds one foot from the ground. This labor is not a w-Wy ,i rTSv I li HI la m AASimtfoAi I H.HIIfHIf it tilkWBl A iJLsfitMM 0m I HJU 111 VsV''KmH!i n lllliJf n till awnmrlfffw q J - WHW WBW ft iBSSflJroW c " ss I r BS'-vi!' 1 Cuban Fwrtfly, Life Site. surfaces are perfectly lubricated .i ae.icate fluid supplied just as it is ud. en pumps vere first provided with e to direct the current of water hither ither, the inventor was no doubt very 1 o: his achievement In the heart in Ins breast, in his own veins and e, were valves engaged in the same : Hghtly directing the flow of blood. iuiler kind of pumps, which linger "d iIitc m our farmyards, the action ky, the stream ebbing and flowing moment to moment as the arm of the nse and falls. Quite as jerky would tide of the blood were not the walls arteries highly elastic. Their elas--erves the same purpose as that of H'rin the a'r chamber attached to large . to equlizc and steady their flow. lit. Kutlttluti Gun and 111- Heart. itnination of the heart brings out the .pie of its ttiucture, curiously paral- lu modern in-ention. So powerful ic cxplos'vc charges' used in the great ot modern warlar that no mere in- e of thickness in the metal would pre- their bursting. To aoid this peril ie object of the ingenious method of :acture introduced by General Kod- In this process .a current of water -s through the core ot the gun metal performed by the lungs as mechanical work, but the equivalent of it is expended by the lung tissue, considered as a delicate chem ical apparatus. It would mean a great deal to the arts if this power of separation could be imitated in any simple, feasible way. In ordinary combustion a volume of nitro gen four times the bulk of the combinisg oxygen has to be hea.ed, not only reducing the temperature of the flame, but waste fully carrying off" as much as half its heat or even more. A supply of oxygen by itself would at once give the chemist and the metalworker a heat from common fuel so intense that their chief anxiety would be to find building materials refractory enough to answer for their furnaces. Chemical Work or the Lunj.. Shirley Dare Answers Some of the Ques tions Recently Sent to Her. Among the questions sent to Shirley Dare by readers of The Dispatch are the following which she has found tins to answer: Mrs. A K. Please inform me how to prepare a sulphur bath at home. A celebrated writer on the skin directs as follows; Boil six ounces of sulphur IS or 20 minutes in two gallons of water, that Is two gallons after the boiling is finished. Have ready a cane-seated chair, a hot bath for the feet and alarge blanket A rubber blanket to go over this Is advisable. Pour the sulphur water Into a large earthen or tin pan, raised from the floor by bricks or footstools under the chair, and put into the water half a brick, heated red hot Beat the patient undressed on the chair, and wrap the blanket round the chair, covering the person all but head and face. This keeps the steam up 20 minutes, after which the patient Is wiped dry with warm towels' and put to bed at warmly as possible to avoid taking cold. Miss T. I should like to try sulphur to clear the complexion, but fear it will re duce my already insufficient flesh. Is It used ever upon the skin, or only Inter nally? Sulphur is used in both ways. A thin paste of sulphur and milk dried on the face at night is said to whiten it Taken inter rally it is laxative and stimulant to the cir culation, lungs and skin In a moderate way. Caution must be taken to use pure sulphur, as the common qualities contain arsenic and sulphuric acid.' The washed Sicilian sul phur Is the purest and best Perfectly Dure sulphur entirely disappears when Seated and so dissolves completely in oil of tur pentine. Half a teaspoonfnl in milk or white sugar syrup with as much magnesia ib a, uote, iokcu me nrst luing on rising. Hot sosp and water baths and a nutritions diet should accompany its use, when there will be no danger of reducing flesh. It is highly recommended in chronic rheumatism. The powdered sulphur is bound upon the limbs with flannel and kept on for days till fully absorbed by the skin. Many persons,doctors among others, have approved of wine of coca 'as a tonic, but more conservative practitioners are shy of it, except in emergencies where there is need ot immediate support at any cost From my own experience I should not advise it for nervous people, as the feeling of being gone to pieces in its reaction is horrible. Still it does not affect persons alike. ' J. W. B. and 20 others I am informed in a letter from Philadelphia thai the firm making bread and other preparations raised by steam have gone out of business. It is to be regretted that some enterurlsinr and equally conscientious and clean manufac-. turers cannot be found to take the place of these honest Quakers. What purports to be health bread is sent hundreds of miles regularly to invalidjj but nothing so far compares with the steam raised" bread. Mrs. Nellie W. I am getting the horri ble crowsfeet and some gray hairs; I live in a hotel, and am constantly thrown In com pany, and thongh my husbaud savs they don't show a bit, my mirror says they do, and badly, too. I never knew'how to "make up," and have to have everything verv sim ple. Can t you help me to a hair dve, not injurious, to something for the deen lines and downy chin? Husbands and sons ought to tell the exact truth, even if it is uncomplimentary. Brothers do as a general thing, and a woman knows she can depend on their opinion. It is no good for one's family to practice polite little deceptions, aney simply give them. rCORRESrONDKNCE or THB DISPATCH.! Montevideo. Peb. 23. Our last day In Uruguay and Sunday at tbatl I wonder why It Is that short trips of especial inter est, such as this between Montevideo and -Buenos Ayres, must always be made at night, the world over, 'despite the protests of disappointed travelers who thus find themselves deprived of views they came far 'to obtain? Is it from philanthropic motives on the part of steamship companies to spare passengers the pangs of seasickness by sending them straight to bed, or on grounds of economy concerning meals; or is dark ness preferred because "deeds are evil?" Whatever the reason, it prevails in these countries as universally as iu our own. The steamer that is to convey us across the broad mouth of La Plata ta Argentine's capital lies waiting in the harbor, but not a wheel will she move until nightfall' Let us "kill time" in the interim by gathering up the scattered crumbs of information we have gained from many sources concerning this interesting little republic and serve them in a Sunday olapodrida. A Montevideo Sunday Made for Man. From the aspect of festive Montevideo you would never dream that this is the Lord's day, for a wider contrast from quiet cbnroh-going Sundays at home could hardly be Imagined. Here everybody goes to church most religiously, but after mass in the morning and vespers in the evening they consider their duty done to heaven and: proceed to enjoy the blessings of this world alter tneir own lasnion. Tne plazas are thronged with smiling people, prome nading to the music of military bands. The And oxygen is important in other appli cations. In the purification of illuminating gas, in fermeutation, in bleaching, and scores of other chemical processes oxygen is so valuable that, dear as it is, its use is con stantly increasing. Cannot ingenuity de vise some copy of the lungs, chemical or mechanical, or both, and give the world this gas at a cheap rate for a thousand new purposes? Besides the process of separat ing oxygen from the atmosphere our vital organs are everv moment carrying on chem ical changes of great subtlety. The elab oration of living tissue is a process of transcendent interest to the physiologist It is equally fraught with instruction to the chemist who would build compounds lrom their elements, to the engineer who would convert heat or chemical energy into motive power with less than the enormous wast,e oi current methods. The science of electricity, so marvelous iu its recent triumphs, was "born but lately into the uorid because the gymnotus, or electric eel, had not been intelligently dis sected. Its form discloses the very arrange ment adopted by Volta in his battery lay ers of material insula'ed by non-conductors and surrounded bv slightly acid moisture. The characteristicpcculianties of this singu lar fish are not without analogy in the human frame. In the muscles which bend the forearm, for example, arc nearly A mil lion delicate fibrils comparable in'sfructure to the columnar organs of the electric eel. selves away, for deceit doesn't hold against our look in the mirror what ablessln? that the glass has no tact! To .prevent gray hair, try the yellow vaseline and petrola tum dissolved in hot brandy as a daily ap- piicauon, urusmng it weii into tne roots. It is not necessary to saturate the entire hair with it. If the gray hairs are few, they can be brushed separately with hot stain ing fluid. But the making of hair- dye or stain is better left to practical hands. For the crows feet, don't stay up late nights, and apply fine sponges wet in warm milk mixed with as much rosewater. Hold the sponge to the wrinkles five minotea-at a time, and do this often. Lint mixed in this mixture and bound on the face half an hour freshens it remarkably. The mill and rosewater should be mixed only as used. Send me a stamped and addressed envelope, and I will direct you to something to help the downy chin. If the cbin can te kept clear ot down by a simple application nightly repeated, most women will consider it a boon. .Stiff", stubbly hair on the face I believe is.related to internal disease, as much as acne, and to be treated by medicine and outward appli cations together. SHIBLEY DAKE. SAD ifaWS FOB THE P0ET& The Prize of 85,000 for a Colombian Khym ster Han Been Withdrawn. Some time ago a New York firm offered to put 55,000 in the hands ot Director Gen eral Davis to be given to the person who should write the best poem or song to be read or sung when the buildings of the exposition were dedicated next October. Ever since the fact became kuown long haired poets and musicians all over the country have been flooding Colonel Culp, of the Ceremonies Conlmittee. with inquiries about the prize. They wanted to know whether the money was still up. The other day the Committee on Ceremonies adopted a resolution that they would not entertain any such offers from' firms or corporations that wanted to encourage'the production of poetry. Copies of this resolution will be sent at once to all the poets from Kewanee, Ind , to Skowhegan, Me. , Parlor furniture reuphlostered. - Haugh & KeeJt An; 33 Water it' wsu retail shops, saloons, etc., are open all day and largely patronized. The race course is in fall blast with its gambling booths and other accessories. To-night the theaters will contain the largest nnd most fashionable audiences and present the best perform ances of the week, and there will be public oails and private parties and otner social gatherings all over the country. The customs of Spanish America, as of nearly all the conntries oi Europe, in re gard to Sabbath keeping, are very difierent from our own, which are still somewhat burdened by the ideas of our Puritan an cestors, who fined a man $5 for the unbe coming levity of kissing his wife on that stern and awtul day, ana construed tne love of God to mean relentless persecution of all who held other opinions. Sunday In the Great Park; Acting upon the advice of a dear old lady I knew in New England "My child, when you are in Turkey do as the turkeys do" we will spend this beautiful summer Sun day a la Uruguayan and follow the crowd in the sunshine. After a few turns in the pjaia, most of the Montevldean world hies to El Frado. n extensive pleasure garden about three miles from the city, reached by tramway through the fashionable residence suburb known as Paso del Molina The Prado, belonging to the municipality, is the park of the common people, not so much for style and show as those down town, but patronized to some extent by the swellest of the swells, in elegant carriages with liveried coachmen and footmen and on horseback with gorgeous saddles and silver stirrups, who include a few moments here in tne course oi weir oaiiy airing. A gar little river runs through it, lined with willows and the trees of every rone, and four tows of tall eucalyptus trees are planted at the entrance. From end to end the lovely garden is filled with rustic foun tains, flower Beds, rockeriest statuary but has never the sign so familiar at home, "Keep off" the grsss." A pavilion within the inclosure is especially appropriated by the Basques, who make up a large share of Montevideo's population, and swarm out on Sunday to trip tne light fantastio toe to the musio of drums and flageolets. The Dances Are Only Posturlnis. Fantastic indeed are their national dances, which seem to consist mainly in posturing, to the slow, plaintive, national airs, xnere is also a iirencu restaurant, Spanish billiard grooms, German beer sa loons, Yankee shooting galleries, no end of booths where the native cana Is sold, and all manner of apparatus for outdoor games, which the young and giddy indulge in, while their elders loaf placidly upon benches under the trees. Many families bring their lunch baskets prepared to spend bue entire uay ana camp in gipsy lasnion. Notwithstanding the number of cana stalls we are surprised to see that there is no intoxication, and everybody is harmless, ly happy apparently as much at peace with tne world to come, according to their lights, as with this life here below. One thing may be truly said of our easy-going South ern neighbors, that though everybody, to a man. woman and child, imbibes freely of wine, chicha, cana, or somo other form of "the rosy, and almost everybody gambles with a reoklissness and persistency that would astonish a Northern blsck-ieg yet nobodv gets vnlgarly drunk, nnd the gam ing vice is not made a secret one, to be stealthily Indulged by evading the law In darkened corners. Everybody Gambles Openly. Priests and sinners, paupers and ladles of high degree, alike take a hand at baccarat, ronlette, and other games of chance, as nn. disguisedly as they take their dinners, quite as a matter of course; and very much astonibhed would they be should some good missionary come along and intimate "that there is wickedness in the cards, and in the glass a serpent that stingeth like an adder. They have never heard such (to them) unique doctrines in all their litcs, and could not be Induced to believe them. The aristocratic classes, of course, drink onlv Limported wines at table, and the custom mat so largely ootains in tne united states of serving coffee with the soup and ice water all through Is a barbarism unknown in Spanish America. Cana (pronounced can-vah), the national beverage of Uruguay, is the fermented juioe of sugar cane, and sells at the -rate of two cents the goblet As the goblets are the size of a German ""schooner," and the stuff contains about 90 per"cent alcohol, a spree is within reach of (he poorest. Yet the fact remains that there is absolutely no intemperance compared, with what may be found iu our own country, where bad whisky abounds and well-meaning organ izations have bestowed upon it the fictitious allurement of forbidden fruit The Foreigners are the Drunkards. On ordinary days drunken men are sel dom met ou the streets of Montevideo; the exceptions by no means numerous may be found on the evenings of patriotic or re ligious fiestas, when cana flows more freely. And sometimes, on such momentous oc casions as the birthday of the Queen or the I Prince of Wales, the 'midnight tranquility u..utvbu ui xutfti uuiuus, wtuuinir include severest Moorish and florid Gothic, Chinese, Indian, Hindoo; and some present rare combinations of all known styles, with a good deal of originality thrown In. All are surrounded by statues, fountains, filled with preserved Ringer and similar gruel paths and marble benches, and so gen ial Is the climate that floivers preserve the color and fragrance from year to year, mak ing the Psaoa continuous" garden of perpet ual spring. Do yon see that man galloping pellmell with Infinite olatter down the street, drag ging a strange brown bundle behind that bumps over the stones like a huge rubber ball? You would hardly imagine that he Is making butter now wonld you? but suoh Is the case. All the batter that is eaten in Uruguay is made in that same primitive manner. The modus operandi is as follows; A Novel Way of MaMns Batter. The dairy man pours the milk (warm from the cow, without straining), into an Inflated sheep skin, which has the wool fide turned in. He ties it securely, hitches it to his saddle by a good strong lasso, and gal lops off to town perhaps five or ten miles away, wun tne saoK Dumping along behind htm. Of course, the churning is thorough, and by the time his destination is reached the butter is made. Then he has only to go from door to door among his patrons, 'laden Ing out desired quantities with a wooden dipper. To be sure It does not taste much like the lubricator we are accustomed to at home, being white as snow and resembling curd cheese; but it has the merit of being sweet and without the abomination of salt, which has no business in civilized-butter. Though the better class of Uruguayan tarmers have all manner of modern agri cultural Implements, they cannot be per suaded to try churns, Thev say that Yan kee butter tastes only of salt and maybe It does lack the flavor of sheep's wool. Another noteworthy thing about Monte video is the fact that she has twice as many daily papers in proportion to the number of inhabitants as New York, London, Paris or Berlin, for she boasts oi 23 with a popula tion of barely 125,000. These papers are not published so much for the dissemination of news as for the propagation of Ideas, and, therefore, they give about six columns of editorial to one of Intelligence. Every Politician lias His Orcan. The reason for having so many, news papers is because every public man requires an organ in order to get his views before the public The editors are ordinarily poll- wviaub huu ucvuic Liieir eiiLire Lime in uifl discussion of political questions, and expect the faction to which they belong to furnish them the means of living while so employed. Each paper has a director who holds the relation of editor 1n chief; while a sub editor is man-of-all-work, edits copy, looks after the news, reads proof and stavs around the place to keep the printers busy. There is never a staff of editors or reporters as" in the United States, and seldom more than two men In the office; in faot there is no such "thing as a reporter 'in all Spanish America, what little news there is being gathered by the editors. The director gen erally has some other occupation. He may be a lawyer or judge or a member of Con. cress, and his political sympathizers are ex pected to assist him In furnishing editorials. At the capital of each of the South Am-r. lean Republics there are one or more pub lications supported by the Government for the promulgation of decrees, decisions of the courts, official reports and laws passed by Congress. The paper which sustains the administration that happens to be in power receives financial assistance, or a "subven tion," as it is called, from the Government This usually comes in the form of sinecures to the editor?, who receive generous salaries from the publin treasury for their political and professional services. They Issue When the Forms Are Fall. Exceptin a few of the larger and more enterprising cities there are no regular hours of .publication, but papers are issued at any time from 8 o'clock fn the morning till 10 at night, whenever there is matter enough in type to fill the forms. It seems odd to have yesterday's paper delivered to you in the afternoon of to-day, -but it- often occurs, jrapers oiien quote arom one an other. They select their news as' ship builders choose timber when it is old and tough. Compositors are not paid by the 1,000 ems, as in the United States', but re ceive weekly wages, seldom more than f 8 or ?10. The printers are mostly natives, al though a few Germans are found. There are no typographical unions or trade or ganizations Tn South America. In the larger cities the papers are delivered by carriers and sold by newsboys on the streets; but in smaller towns they are sent to the postoffice to be called for by the subscriber as regular mail. The subscription price is Inordinately high seldom less than $12 per annum and often double that amount In some of the alleged Republics there is a censor of the press, to whom a copy of each edition is submitted before it is published. This sometimes causes inconvenient delay, if the censor happens ,to be out of town of other wise engaged, for the issue must be with held until his august signature is placed upon each page of copy. The Freedom of the Press. IN THE BULL'S EYE. ATcteran Marksman Tells How Place flevolver Bullets. to CORRECT POSITION IN AIMING. The Secret Is in Pulling- the Trifger With Study Pressure. BIC0RD3 . OF EXPERT AHESIOANS rwaTmir roa tej Disrates, i UDGE GLLDEK BLBEVB never said a truer thing than he did one day on the bench 'in sentenclngaman for shooting some one: "I am more afraid of a revolver in the bands of a careless man than I am of a live rattlesnake!" And so is every man who has had r. perienee with fWarms. There is the nervous man, who fidcrets with M nlotM. .. points it first at one man and then at an other without meaning to do so. The nerv ous man Is bad enough, but the absent minded man, who points his revolver at you and forgets all about It until a second or so after he has blown your head off, is much worse. The worst of all pupils, though, is the man-who-knows-It-alL The best revolver In target shooting is of American make, 44 caliber, army pattern, ihe regulation indoor range is 12, 25, CO or 75 yards; and outdoor, 100 yards. The tar get is a standard decimal with a bull's eye one and one-elghth Inches In diameter. Bound bullets should be used and light charges of powder when but beginning prac tice, and up to 20 yards. How to rick Vp a .Weapon. When a man walks up to the counter on which the weapons rest and picks up a re volver, let him be rnrpfiil tn itl. l.i,i tneDarrei wun one hand and the hanlle with the other, and, before he does any thingelse, open the pistol and see whether or not it is loaded. Never take another man s word that your pistol is not loaded. I have seen more than one man knocked down, and quite rightly, too, for pointing a really empty pistol at another man. I give you, too, another rule that the expert revolver shot always practices. He never touches the triggt r until he shoots. When shooting stand on both legs, squarely with the heels a little distance apart and on a straight line with each other. THE SACRED WHITE ELEPHANT. TKAKSLATED TOR THE DISPATCH FKOM THE FRENCH OF GEORGE SAND. is fence-rail fashion home from their rlnli making the welkin ring with songs of bor rowed patriotism, such as "John Brown's Body," and "Marching Through Georgia." 'Paso del Miolino, the aristocratic suburb, is distant about half an hour's ride by train way from the' central cathedral, and has a splendid avenue skirting the bay. Here are the quintas, or- country homes of Montevideo's wealthiest merchants and officials, and srdisnlay ot luxurious extrava gance akin to that bl the Homan villas'of the golden age, as described by Horace. The casas are mostly one-storied, or quaint est architecture, and gaudiest paint, each appearing' to out-Herod its neighbors in grotesque effects. The styles of architecture Although "freedom of the press" is boasted, cases of imprisonment are common of editors who have too freely spoken their minds in opposition to the prevailing powers. Journalism has Its disadvantages here, for the party in power to-day mav be out of power to-morrow and the editors who supported it clapped vinto prison. A case in point was that of the editor of 1 Campeon, In Lima, Peru, who, a few years ago, published an attack upon the Congress of that Bepublio which was very mild compared with articles that are fre quently direoted at our law-make'rs; but he was imprisoned six months for it, and his machinery, type, etc, confiscated and sold lor the benefit of the Government A street fight is the editor's delight, and although an account of It may not appear for several days after the occurrence, the writer gives nis whole soul to Its description. The following is a literal translation ot ihe opening of one of those articles: A personal encounter of the most trans cendent and -painful Interest ooourred day betoie yesterday, in the street of the Twenty-fifth of May, near the palatial resi lience, ui ino moss exnnea and ill nst nous SenorDon Comana, and was witnessed by a emnd concourse of people, whose excite ment and demonstrations It la Impossible to adequately describe. A dog light would be treated in precisely the same manner. Everything is "surpass ing." "transcendent" The grandiloquent style is not confined to newspaper writers. In a hotel bathroom the following is posted: In consequence of the grand concourse ot distinguished guests who entreat a bath in the moininjr. and with tlio nrofound nnnolri. eratiou for the convenience or all, it is hum bly and respectfully requested by the man agement that tho gentlemen will bo so couiteous and urbane as to occupy tho smallest possible time for their ablutions, and that they will be so condescending as to remove the plus while resuming their garments. A Xorth American landlord .would have come to tho point in six words, "hurry, and pull out the plug." Fahxie B. Wakd. HOW TO BOIL EGGS. Cbrred Foxium in Aiming. TheTtlsht Way is Sot to Holl Them at AIT, Strang to Say. Our woman and her household, ways are the wonder and envy of her friends says that the right way to boil eggs is not to boil them at all. First put the eggs into a wire basket with a tall handle; that saves the time and vexation of fishing them out with a spoon when cooked. Then set the rest of eggs in a kettle or other vessel with cold water enough to cover the eggs not hot water, or warm water, but cold water. Set the vessel over a brisk fire. J)o not let the water boil, only just "come to a boil," and at that particular time not before not' later the eggs will be cooked; as they should be. Remove the basket of eggs by the tall edge handle. Spread a napkin over.a deep dish, lai in the eggs and fold tbe fonr cor ners of the napkin over them and serve. If these directions are followed exactly the eggs, when broken, will roll into the cups like balls of soft jelly, nothing adhering to the.sliell, the entire" gg thoroughly cooled and delicate and tender through and through. This pose is natural and easy. Nature gave a man two legs to stand on. Best your weight equally on both legs, vour muscles firm, but not risid. If you tighten the ten sion of your muscles you may be able to hold one or two or possibly three shots, but you will soon overtax yourself and at the end of half a dozen shots your hand-will tremble. There is no muscular exertion about shooting a revolver except that of holding it in the hand. A revolver Is not a 20-pound dumbbell. You don't have to strain yourself when you aim it at a target, and the easier and more natural von pose, the less strength you exert, the better will be your aim, and the longer your endurance. Thereare several standard ways of stand ing, differing one from the other as to the pose of the body above the waist The "Way Bob Acre Stood. The old way came to us from France where it originated during the davs of the duel. The marksman turned his body side ways toward.the target crooking the right arm so that the elbow covered thrilunca and he ducked the head so that the handle of the weanon hid the faoe before the eyes. He shielded as lar as possible his vital parts. This was a srreat rjose In UsO.-iv ami was used by many noted shots. But tho newer systems or this country have been proved to be made better for accurate markrnanshlp. There are three recognized ways of stand lnpr used in America by the. best shots. One way Is to turn the body from the watst, side ways, extending the pistol arm almost straight. The second method is to turn the body partially as though the marksman was posing for a three-quarters view at a pho tographer's. The third way Is to face tho tarset directly and extend the arm in front of the eyes. There is only one way to hold a revolver correctly. The barrel should be on a straight line with tbe forearm: cover as much as Sosslble of the handle with the palm of the and. Don'tgrasp tbe handle as a parrot cllnzs to Its peroh. het tbe palm and Angers sprnaa over tne nanuie generonily. The thnmb should be on n strabht linn wit.ii th. barrel, extending along the metal by the side or tho Iocs. Pulling the trigger is the bone, marrow and sinew of the art of shoot ing. No matter how the pistol may be held, no matter how the marksman may stand, he must pull his trigger In the right way and at tbe right moment to hit the mark. The proper pull is steady, cautious an equal pressure from beginning to end. Follow this course and with practice you will be able to discharge the weapon at the exaot Instant when the aim is correct. One of their most common faults Is called "fltnchlntr," Tho marksmen stand correctly, hold their pistols In the right way, take a good aim. but when they come to press the trigger they shut their eyes and dodge. Covering the Bull's Eye. In sighting a revolver draw the two sights and bull's eye on a line. Some men do this as they raise tbe firearm, and this rule has Deen adopted dj tne majority of experts. Buttheieis'stilla respectable number who iko aim in lowering the revolver. To my mind, and I think the records will bear me out, the American revolver shots aro the best In the world. Such marksmen as Pierre Lorillard. William M. Chase, Ira Paine, Major Fryor, H. V, Wlckbam. Mr. Winans, and others make shots that are absolutely paralyzing. They can drive tftcfcs with pistol balls, light parlor matches without breaking the muteh, knock the ashes from a cigar, wheel and .fire at the word, scoiinp the bull's eye flye times out of ten, split playing cards turned edgewise toward the Slstol, cut holes through 3-cent pieces, and It suspended musket nails. Frank Jxndis one ot the most lemarkable shots I have ever seen, in that lie can shoot better when he is exhibiting his skill betoie his friends inan wnen ne ) practicing alone. 1 Have seen him shoot thiouh the rln of a watch an old-fashioned watch with a large ring. He used a 22-calibcr pistol, but still the feut nns wonaenui. You otten see cowboys In shows stand and rest the pistol on the left elbow joint. They sit down and rest their elbows on their knees. Thoylle do on their backs and, stooping over, shoot between their legs. Let mo tell you that none or these positions Is worth a cent for practical work. The ad vantage of testing the weapon ou tbe arm is to steady tho aim when one flres from n homo's .back. It Is the old cavalry style and has just about bouo out of use. I hold that tho best uiaiksmanshlpls the ability to scoiothc'greatest number of bull's eyes In tho Bhortesf possible time. It Is hot ter to make a good average coie tor 10 or 20 shots than to mafco u haphazard scratch tho tlrst shot, lleiearo the names of some uentlenien who havo fired five shots Into a target In one second: Geone Hjror-A. A. Cohen. William Kent, Allen P. Kelley, Cap tain .f. H. Swift, J)r. J. K. -Henry. They used self-cocking revolvers. But expert marksmen do not use tho self-cocking re volver.tor ordinary work. It is too -dangerous. - j -James E. Cosmic. . , OHAPTEB HL "I lived thus many years In splendor and delight with my dear Aor. We assisted at all ceremonies and festivals; we received visits from foreign ambassadors. I was loaded with presents till my palace became one of the richest museums in Asia. Hone of the temples were closed to me, and I loved to enter those lofty, shaded chapels, in which the colossal figure of Gautama, glittering with gold, rose like a sun at the farther end of the niches, lighted from above. I even knew how to give offerings to the venerated idol, and how to swing the golden censer before him. "But no earthly happiness can endure. The King ensraged iu a disastrous war against a neighboring State. He was vanquished and dethroned. The usurper exiled him without me. He kept me as a mark of his power and a pledge of his alliance with Bouddha; but he had neither kindness nor reverence for me, and my serv ice was soon neglected. ''Aor made complaints, and the servants of the new king conceived a hatred for him, and resolved to' put him outof the war. One night, as were sleeping together, they en tered noiselessly and stabbed htm with a dagger. Awakened by hi orles, I fell upon the assassin, who took flight My poor Aor was unconscious; his sarong was wet with blood. I took all the water in the silver basin and sprinkled him with it, without being able to restore him. Then remember ing the physician, who always slept in the adjoining room, I woke him and brought him in to Aor. My friend was devotedly cared-for, and came to life again; but he was weakened by loss of bloodand I would neither go out nor bathe without him. Over whelmed with sorrow for him, I refused to eat, but lay always by his side. "No search was made for tbe assassins. There was a pretense made that I had acci dentally wounded Aor with one of my tusks, and they said they must be sawed off. The doctor, who knew quite well what to think about it, dared not speak the truth. He even advised my friend to be silent, rather than hasten the triumph of the ene mies who had sworn his downfall. "The civilized life into which I had been initiated now seemed to me the bitterest of servitudes. My happiness depended on the caprice of a prince who neither would not nor could protect the life of my best friend. I turned in disgust from the hypocritical honors still paid me as a matter of form, I received official visits with ill-humor, and drove away the dancers and musicians who disturbed the light and hardly won sleep ot my friend. "TTnderapresentimentofnewmisfortunes, a longing recollection of my youthful years filled my heart. In my troubled dreams I saw again my assassinated mother sheltering me with herwounded body. I saw my desert again, my splendid trees, the river, Mount Ophir, and the great ocean gleaming ou the horizon. Homesickness overcame me, and tbe fixed idea that I would take flight ruled my thoughts. But I must take Aor with me, and the poor fellow was hardly able to raise himself .to kiss my forehead as I leaned over him. "One night, exhausted with watching, I slept heavily for several hours. When I awoke Aorwas not on his couch, and I called him in vain. Distracted with anxiety, I rushed into the garden and looked for him by the lake. My sense ot smell showed me that he was not there, and had not been there recently. I opened the gates of the Inclosure and went out Then I found that my friend was near, and I sought him in a grove of tamarinds which shaded the hill. As I approached I heard a plaintive cry, and I rushed into the copse and found Aor tied to a tree and surrounded by rascals ready to strike him. I threw them all back and "trampled them under foot without mercy. I broke Aor's bonds. I took him carefully and helped him to mount on my neck, and, with the rapid and silent motion of the elephant in flight, I plunged into the forest "At that time the part of India in which we were was full ot tbe strangest contrast Luxurious civilization had unexplored des erts at its. very door. It took me but a short time to reach the wild solitudes of the mountains, and when I laid down weary on the bank of a water course straighter and more ' rapid than the Irawady we were already 30 leagues away from the Barman city. " 'Where are we going?' asked Aor. 'Ahl I see It in your look, you are returning to our mountains. Tou think we are already there, and you are mistaken. We are very far away. We shall never be able to find our way back without reing discovered and captured. And even should we be able to evade pursuit, we should not be able to go far before, ill as I am, I should die; and then how could you make your way to that aisiaut point wunoui me to guiue your Leave me here. The enemies are all mine, and go yon back to Pagham, where nobody will dare to threaten you.' "But I made him understand that I would neither leave him nor go back to the Bur mans; that if he died, I should die, too; that, with patieuce and courage we should yet find ourselves happy at home. "He yielded to my" wish, and afterhaving rested, we resumed our journey. After sev eral days of traveling we both regained health, strength and hope. The free air of solitude, the austere fragrance of the forests, the wholesome warmth ot the rocks, healed us better than all the softness of luxury and remedies of the doctors. And yet Aor sometimes shrank from the task I had laid upon him. To lead away a sacred elephant was to fall under the most cruel tortures in case of failure. He told me his fears on a flute which he had made of reeds, and on which he played belter than ever. I had attained an exercise ot thought almost equal to that of man. I showed what it was best for us to do by covering myself with black mud which lay abundantly at the bottom of the river bed. Struck with my expedient, he gathered the juices of several plants whose properties he knew. With these he made a dye, which rendered me, except in the matter of size, absolutely like the com mon, elephants. I showed him that this was not enough, but that to make me abso lutely unrecognizable he must saw oil my tusks. He would not consent to this. I had reached my sixth dentition, and he feared that my tusks might not grow again. He thought .me sufficiently disguised, and again we went on. "Little frequented as was this mountain Be Ibid Me Ms Fears on a Hvie. serim. Because the recollections which we both had of our former journey, we guided ourselves by the geological outline of the country, which in Indo-Chlna is very sim ple. The mountain chains have but few ramifications and led us almost in a straight line toward the sea, down into our own 'pen insula. "We approached our old haunts with great circumspection. We needed to live alone and at perfect liberty, and were able to carry out our wish. The tribe, enriched by the sale of my person to the former king of Burmah, had deserted its hut of reeds, and the forests, cleared of wild animals by a terrible drought, had been abandoned by the hunters. We found a freer and safer home than we had yet enjoyed. Aor re gretted none of our vanished splendor. Ho knew and loved no one but me on earth. Our long Intimacy had broken down the barriers set up between us by nature. Wa exchanged our thoughts like two creatures of the same species. My pantomime had become so thoughtful, so sober and express ive that he read my thoughts s I read his. He did not need words with me. I felt himsadorgay according to the mood and inflections of his flute. "We spent long years in the enjoyment of our deliverance. Aor had become a fervent Buddhist, and lived wholly on vegetable food. We had abundance about us, and knew neither suffering nor sick ness." "But Aor had become old. I had seen his hair whiten and his strength depart He made known to me the effects of age, and told me that he was soon to die. I lengthened his life by sparing him every fatigue and care. I brought him his food and constructed his shelter. He lost his vital warmth and no longer left contact with my body. At length he begged mo to dig him a grave, for he felt himself about to die. I obeyed. He lay in it in a bed of leaves, and embraced my trunk in farewell. Then his arm fell, and he lay motionless. "I covered his srave as he had bidden me, and lay down on it I think I had un derstood his death. But I did not question whether the longevity of my race con demned me to survive him for a long pe riod, nor did I determine to die. But I for got to eat When night was gone-I had no thought of arising to bathe. I lay abso lutely overn hemled and indifferent When the sun rose aeain he found me dead. "I have since learned that after my disap pearance the Burman Empire suffered great reverses. The royal city of Pagham was abandoned by the priests of Gautama. Buddha was irritated at the want of solici tude which the people had shown for me, and my flight testified his displeasure. The rich carried away their treasures and built ' them new palaoes in the territory of Ava. The poor carried their huts of rattan away on the backs ot their camels, to follow their masters away from the accursed city. Pag ham had been the abode and the pride of 45 kings in succession. I had condemned her by my flight, and to-day she is nothing but a heap of magnificent ruins." the esd. PENETRATES STOPS PAIN WOOD'S Penetrating PLASTER FAR IN ADVANCE OP ORDINARY POROUS AND OTHER PLA6TER8 Sold by Druggists Everywhere New York Depot) 9 WlllUia Sasst road, it was yet a miracle that we escaped tbe dangers of our enterprise. Neither one of us could have done it alone, but from the intimate reunion of human intelligence with great animal strength, an exceptional power arises. If men bad known how to identify themselves with animals complete ly enoush to lead them into the union, they would not have found in them mtie slaves, at times rebellious and dangerous, and often falling short of requirements. They would have had the best of friends, and could have solved tbe problem of self-directing power, without having recourse to the blind force of machinery, a more ferocious and ter rible animal than the wild beasts of the desert. "Although tormented by bandits, whom we did not greatly fear, with prudence and persevereuce we reached the Biver Tenas- "It ' i. "5 4 "Vj
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers