n f tt "- vnvvWVt&'t9rTW0FV7fTlllPltfFttm'UVJB&ttH9fiKK3iSUWwf' sssfri?l3S?LP5nsssssttsssffliir11llssBssssssBsi rafffS THE PITTSBURG DISPATCH, SUNDAY.' MARCH 20, 1892 ,v&3&l0ilfj till. JWWtogtt u i'-.r. Will OUR BOYS AND GIRLS. ELECTRIC SLAUGHTER. TBAXSLATED TOE THE DISPATCH FBOM THE FBENCH OF GEORGE SAND. OHAPIEBIL "The Sacred Flower was the name given Jne by Aor, and which no one thought of disputing. I felt profoundly that my ma hout had saved me from degradation, and I grew the prouder of him for this thought, and the more independent of all others. I resolved never to act except upon his ad vice, and hy a common agreement we re moved from us any one who failed to treat us with profound respect The people of the tribe had offered me as companions the finest and most carefully trained of their elephants, hut I absolutely refused to ad mit them near me. Alone with Aor I never grew weary. "I was about 15 years old, and my size already far surpassed that of the adult elephants of India, when our deputies re turned, announcing that the Bajah of the Burmans had made the most advantageous offers, and that the sale was completed. They bad acted prudently. -They had not applied to any of the sovereigns of the Kingdom of Siain for the reason that they might have claimed me as having been born on their soil and would not have been willing to pay for possessing me. "I was, therefore, adjudged to the King of Pacham. and was led mysteriously bv night along the coasts of Tenasserim as far as Martaban, whence, after crossing the mountains, we gained the banks of the beautiful river Irawady. "It had cost me dear to leave my country and my forests. I would never have con tented' to do so had Aor not told me on his flute that glory and. happiness awaited me on other shores. During the journey I was not willing to leave him a single instant I scarcely permitted him to descend from my neck, and during the hours of sleep he rested between my legs, to preserve me from poignant anxiety. I was jealous and was unwilling that he should take other food than that which I set before him. I which are due to a sacred elephant, the glory and joy of the nations.' "They showed me the royal seal, and as I remained impassible and indifferent, they asked my'mahout if I accepted the offers of the sovereign. Aor replied that I most have their promise that I should net er be parted from him, and the minister, after naring consuitea nis colleagues, toot his oath that it should be as I required. Then, in demonstration of great joy, I caressed the 'royal letter, the golden umbrella, and also slightly the face of the minister, who ex pressed his great happiness in having satis fied my wishes. . "Although greatly fatigued.bymy long traveling, I expressed my wish to move on, to see my new residenoe, and to make ac quaintance with my colleague and peer, the King of Burmah. It was a triumphal march all along the river, whose course we were asoendlng. The River Irawady is of unequalled beauty. Its banks were cov ered with a vegetation wholly new to me. "We were going northward, and the air was cooler, if not purer than that of my own country. The silence and majesty of the desert had vanished. We were in a world of luxurv and rejoicing. The river was covered with boats with high prows, decorated with silken banners striped with gold, and trimmed with foliage and flow ers. On the bank the wealthy population came from elegant habitations to kneel be fore me and offer perfumes. B.ind nf musicians and priests mingled their notes with the strains of the orchestra which pre ceded me. "We were advancing in very short stages to allow me to recover from my fatigue, and we stopped two or three times a day for my bath. "I sounded the river with my trunk to see whether it were fordablc I only ven tured in where the sand was thu fine. and the water the purest Assured upon these points, I rushed into the current, however rapid and deep it might be, al ways bearing Aor on my neck. He took as much pleasure in this exercise as I, and p - THE OBJLTTD PEOCESSIOX. selected the choicest fruits for him. and I offered him with mv proboscis the Yase which I had filled witn the purest water. I fanned him with large leaves. In passing through tne forests and jungles withont pausing I threw aside the thorny shrubs which might have caught him and torn him. I did in short, but better than any. other, all the things which well-trained elephants do, and did it out of my own pleasure in no commonplace manner, but for my one friend alone. "As soon as we reached the Burman frontier the sovereign came to meet me. The ceremonies which attended my arrival uisgusieu iuc x taiv mem give gold and presents to the Malay hnnters who had ac companied me, and I saw them dismissed Would they separate me from Aor? I ex hibited a frightful agitation, and threatened the lofty personages who approached me with respect Aor understood me and ex plained my feais for them. He told them that without him I would never consent to follow them. Then one of the ministers charged with my reception, who had not before left his tent, took ofi his sandals and came and knelt before me, presenting a letter from the King of.Burmah, written In blue on a long, gilded palm leat He was preparing to read it aloud to me. When I took it from his bands and and passed it to my mahout, that he might make its contents kcon u to me. He, however, belonging to an inferior caste, had no right to touch this sacred leaf. He begged me to give it back to His Majesty's Prime Minister, which I did at once, as a mark of my deference and friendship for Aor. The minister received the letter, a golden umbrella was unfurled over it, and he read as follows: " 'Most inighty, well-beloved, and highly venerated elephant, of the name of the Sacred Flower, deign to come and dwell in the capital of my empire, where a palace worthy of you is already prepared. By the present royal letter, I, the King of Burmah, set apart for you a fief which shall belong to vou in person, a minister to obey you, a household of 200 persons, a following of SO elephants, as many horses and cattle as your kervice snau require, six goiaen umnreiias, in difficult and dangerous places he ani mated my ardor and strength by playing some national air of our own on his flute. Meanwhile my escort and the throng on both banks of the river expressed their anxiety and their admiration by outcries, throwing themselves on the ground and stretching out their arms toward me. The ministers, made uneasy by Aor's daring, deliberated if they should not forbid me thus to expose my lile so precious to the safety of the empire. But Aor, still play ing his flute on myheaa above the level of the waves, and my proboscis rising up like the neek of a gigantic peacock, bore witness to our security. When we slowly and tranquilly came out on the bank, the people all ran toward me with genuflec tions and cries of triumph, and my orches tra rem iue air mm its sounding peals. This orchestra had not pleased me at first It was composed of trumpets of piercing sound, of enormous horns, of frightful gongs, of castanets of bamboo, and of drums carried on the backs of elephants. These drums were made of a round cage, richly decorated, in the center of which a man squatted on his crossed legs and struck alternately with two rods . on a gamut of sounding cymbals. Another cage, of like construction, was furnished with cymbals of various metals, and a musician,' likewise sitting inside and borne by au elephant drew trom them powerful harmonies. This great .noise of terrible instruments at first shocked my delicate ear. I became accus tomed to it, however, and learned to take pleasure in the strange accords which pro claimed my glory to the four winds of heaven. But I always preferred the sweet Burman harp, a -pleasing imitation of the wind among the reeds of the Irawady, and especially the sweet melody which Aor drew for me from his flute. "One day when he was playing with a certain distinct rhythm, in the midst of the river, we were surrounded by an innumer able throng of large fishes, gilded like the pagodas, which lifted their heads above the water, as if in supplication to us. Aor threw them a litt'e rica from the hair which he always carried in his girdle. They mani- a band of musicians, and all the honors J fetted great joy,and followed us to the shore. Amid the applause of the people, I carefully took up one of these fishes and presented it to the Prime Minister, who kissed it, or dered that it's gilding should be freshened by another coat: after this, it was respect fully restored to the water. -I learned thus that these were the same sacred fish of the Irawady, which lire at a single point In the river, and come to the call of the human voice. "At lentrtb we arrived at Paehano. which 1 extends four or five leagues along the river. xne spectacle oi tnis vaney iuu oi palaces, temples, pagodas, villas, and gar dens filled me with inch astonishment that I stopped, as if to ask my mahout if It were not a dream. He was no leu du eled than L " This is your empire,' said he. "Forget your forests and Jungles. This ii a world of gold and precious stones!' "It was indeed a scene of enchantment. Everything glittered with gold and silver from foundation to summit of the thousands of temples and pagodas which filled space and were lost in the glories of the horizon. Buddhism had respected the monuments of the more ancient religion, so that the di versity was infinite. There were imposing piles; some low, others rising in peaks, like' mountains, with immense bell-shaped cupolas; chapels surmounted by a monstrous egg, as white as snow, clasped in a gilded base; long roofs, resting on pillars, about which were twisted glittering dragons, whose scales of colored glass seemed made of precious stones; there were pyramids xorniea ot roots, lacquered in gold, green, blue and red, terraced in diminishing stages to the top, whence sprang an immense dart of cold tipped with a crystal button, which shone like a monstrous diamond in the' rays of the sun. On the sides of certain build ings, on the turrets, in all the angles of the roofs, were fantastic monsters in sandal wood, studded withgold and enamel, seem ing ready to spring upward to tear the sky with their teeth. Thenhere were structures of bamboo, all open to the day, of an ex quisite workmanship. To-day these splen dors are no more. Then it was a golden dream a fable of the Orient realized by human industry. "At the city gates we were received by the King and all the court. The monarch. alighted from his horse to salute me. Then I was shown Into an edifice, where they pro ceeded to make mv ceremonial toilet. The King had brought me ornaments in a large chest of cedar wood, incrusted with ivory, carried by the finest and the most beauti fully adorned of his elephants. But howl outshone this luxurious subaltern when I appeared in my festal attirel Aor began by bathing and perfuming me with great care. Then they clothed me with long scarlet bands, embroidered with gold and silk, which were draped skillfully about me, without concealing the beauty of my shape and the sacred whiteness of my skin. They set on my head a tiara of scarlet cloth, glit tering with large diamonds and wonderful rubies; they bound my forehead with nine circles of precious stones a consecrated ornament'which destroys the influence of evil spirits. Between my eyes shone a crescent of stones and a plaque of gold, on frhich my titles were engraved. Silver tassels of the finest workmanship hung from my ears; rings of gold, set with emeralds, sapphires and diamonds, were put on my tusks, whose whiteness and brilliancy attested my youth and my purity. Two large bucklers of solid gold covered my shoulders. Finally a purple cushion was set on my neck, and I saw with joy that my dear Aor wore a sarong of white silk shot with silver, bracelets of fine gold on his arms and legs, and a light shawl of the softest white cashmere wound about his head. He also had been bathed and per fumed. His limbs were finer and more per fectly modeled than those of the Burmans: his skin was darker, and his eyes softer ana more brilliant When I saw him receive, to lead me. a wand encrusted with pearls and encircled with rubies, I was proud of him and embraced him warmly. I Jay down and stretched ont my head, so that my friend might take his seat without disar ranging my ornaments, and then I stood up so proud and imposing that the King him self was struck with my dignity, and de clared that never had so noble and beautiful a sacred elephant assured the prosperity of his empire. "The progress to my palace lasted more than three hours. The ground was strewn with leaves and flowers. Braziers set in the way diffused sweet perfumes. The King's orchestra and mine played, -and troops of lovely girls danced before us. At each opening street new processions joined us, of the grandees of city and country who brought presents and followed me in double line. The air was heavy with the 'smoke of perfumes and rang with a blare of music that would have covered the sonnd of thunder. "We stopped in a wide, open arena that I might look on at games and dances. I took pleasure in all that was agreeable and splendid; but I was horrified at the combats between animals. Seeing two elephants, which had been rendered ferocious by a special dietary and system of ' torment, wrestling together with their trunks en laced and tearing each other with their tUsks, I left my place of honor and rushed into the arena to part the combatants. Aor had not time to restrain me and cries of despair arose on every side. They feared lest tne adversaries snouia iau on me. But no sooner did they see me near "them than their rage subsided as if by magic, and they turned from each other confused and humili ated. "Aor said that I could not bear the sight of blood, and that alter a journey of more than 600 leagues I absolutely needed rest The people were greatly moved by my con duct, and the wise men took my part, say ing that Buddha condemned cruel sports and combats between animals. I had ex pressed his will, and for several years these crnel amusements were given up. "They brought me to their palace beyond the city, in a delicious valley by the 'river. This palace was as great and as rich as that of the king. Beside the river, I had in my. garden a deep pool of running water for my" frequent ablutions. "I was weary. " I plunged into the bath and then retired to the hall which was to serve as my sleeping cnamper. There I re mained alone with Aor, having made known that I had enough of music and wished no other society than that of my friend. . "This hall was ' an imposing dome, sus tained by a double colonsde of pink marble, costly stuffs hung before the entrances and tell in heavy folds on the mosaic floor. My bed was an odorous heap of sandal-wood re duced to a fine powder. "My drinking vessel was a fountain of solid silver in which four persons might have bathed at ease. My eating frame was a table of gilded lacquer, covered with most succulent fruits. In the center of the hall a colossal vase of Japanese porcelain poured forth a cascade of pure water which fell into a basin of lotus flowers. On" the edge of the basin jade birds of gold and silver, enameled with a thousand changing colors, seemed to stoop to drink. Odorous gar lands were festooned over mv" head. An immense fan, pendjah, of the palaces of India, set in motion by invisible hands, brought me cool air, constantly renewed lrom the dome.'.' 2b Be Continued ifiarf Sunday. A Simple Test for Diamonds. It i now shown that not only do some diamonds phosphoresce in the dark after ex- posnre to the sunlight or an aro light, but also that all diamonds emit light when they are rubbed on wood, cloth or metal. -Ibis property Is likely to prove of value In dis tinguishing between the diamond and other hard stones as well as paste, none of which exhibit this phenomenon. HOW TO DRAW THE SHEEP. Another of the Xiessons for Embryo Artists Carved Lines Characteristic of Them While Goats Are More An jrnlar Peace ful and Gentleness of the Animals. (WXITTXH rOB TH DtSPATCn.l In the sheep we have a subject of special interest. Since the days when Mary had a little lamb the pretty creature has been the pet of thousands of pet-loving children. In the country the lamb has been the rival 'of the kitten. Although the sheep has strong indi viduality in its form it is" without the odd, striking peculiarities of the goat The goat is made up of angles, the sheep of curves. Speaking of angles and curves reminds one to remark that it is not well to look for geometric formsin any object to be drawn, to reduce it block work, like the grotesque creatures children con struct of the squares and triangles oi a dis sected puzzle. Study first the whole animal mass, then tne .large sections, compare "lla and that the greatest width is at that po See hdw the face tapers to the small l loint tapers to the small nose and long upper lip. See how the woolly cap crowns the head, connecting the ears and curving down in the middle of the fore head. For the details of their front view, with the woolly setting of the neck, see Fig. 7. fit, It The Abattoir at Aberdeen, Scotland, Will Try Electrocution. TANNIKG BI USE OP THE CUBRENT. Statistics Showing Vachfnery Increases Individual Earnings. HOTEL APFLICATI0KS OP SCIENCE '. T'tqJ. Fig. 8 gives the plan of the sheep's head in side view. The heavy outline is broken into sections with each change ot direction, that the different planes may be distinct The long wool of the cap increases .the height over the eyes and ears and em- Iihasizes the drop from, the forehead to the ong face or nose line. Koto the short dip at tbe end of the nose to the overlapping upper lip, the form of the lip, the small under lip, and the line of the mouth. Ob serve the directions of the line indicating growth of long wool along the smooth cheek. lengths with widths, and having learned the proportions put on paper the leading lines of the form. Aim also to represent solid rounded sections, not flat surfaces. In most country places sheep can easily be found for models. They are among the most familiar domestio animals of the pas ture and barnyard. The sheep and the goat Ti-' seem related, probably because of the form of their face, and their general size; but at the same time they are very unlike. Not only are the curves of the sheep in strong contrast to the angles of the goat, but the sheep is also distinguished by its heavy fleece or covering of wool This thick, soft covering practically hides the form of the bony framework of the sheep. The goat shows ail his angles and curves; his whole framework is visible. , In Fig. 1 we have the side view of the sheep, with the leading lines of, construc tion the lines indicating the position of the bony framework. Notice that on the '3n Jij.rS, This line varies somewhat in different in dividuals. The side view of the head, with full details, is shown in Fig. 9. The char acter of the outline of the sheep Is flowing, rounded, and almost unbroken, taken as a whole. The great curves, however, .are made up of smaller curves, as the wool falls into round wrinkles ani creases. (Fig. 10. The general expression of the sheep is peaceful, so that the lamb has become the sacred symbol of gentleness and innocence. 4- Vfct V Ink for Wrltlnc on Glass. An Ink for writing on glass or porcelain can be made by dissolving ten parts of bleached shellac and five parts of Venetian turpentine In 15 parts of oil of tnrpentine. When these are thoroughly Incorporated, stir in carefully fire parts of lampbhwk. ace the wool is short and close as if it had been shaven. The legs below the knee joint look as If they, too, bad been shaven. This peculiarity gives the face a sharp outline and the legs a certain stiffness, in strong contrast to the soft, round, curvy woolly body. Notice also the ruff-like setting which the edge of the longer wool makes for the face. This long wool on the head, grow ing down between the eyes and to the ears, often looks like a cap or bonnet, especially as it also comes around the cheeks and down under the chin. Ob serve carefully the size ot the head and ears. Note the height of the ' . , shoulders and of the f.S. hips from the ground, compared with the length of the body. Note that the line of the back rises slightly over the hip section. The sheep is noticeably broad from side to side, as shown in Fig. 2. Mark the form ot the head In their back view, and how the upper line of the ears continues the outlines of the top of the head. If we consider the Figs. 11 and 12 show positions of the sheep in grazing. Figs. 13 and 14 give positions when reclining. The usual differences be tween the young and old of animals wijl be observed between the lamb and the sheep. The lamb's head is larger in proportion to itsliulkofbodv. In Fig. 15 note the great width between'the eyes and the suddenly contracting section of the nose and mouth. The long wool is drawn about the smooth face in about the same manner as in the sheep. The lines of the nose, beginning at the lower end, seem to widen out to the cheeks, instead of deQning the nasal section up to the eyes. The fullness at the side above the eye is noticeable. Throughout the body the frame, where ever indicated, is delicate and baby-like. The three-quarters reclining view (Fig. 16) shows the contraction of the nasal section at corner of mouth, the full cheek line, and the fullness above the eye between it and Jm n : aJwA tf&4 ". fwarrrsar ros ike dispatch. One of the indirect results of the adoption of electricity for the execution ot criminals is the consideration of its suitability for superseding the poleaxe for the killing of cattle. After the last electrical execution the surgeon who was appointed by the State to make the postmortem was asked what was the canse of death according to the symptoms exhibited. His reply was that it was impossible to state what the criminal died of, as there were no symp toms apparent All the organs were in their normal condition and not the slightest disintegration of the animal fiber could be detected under the microscope. This important fact has led to the sug gestion that humanity can be as well served by ther'use of eleotriclty in public slaughter houses as in prisons, and the question ir shortly to be set at rest in Scotland. The abattoir at Aberdeen' is about, to be lighted by electricity, and as soon as the alternating plant which will be employed is installed a trial will be made of the capabilities of the electric current for dispatching oxen. If it is proved that the current has no detrimental effect on the quality of the meat, it is an ticipated that this new application will soon become general. Grossly exaggerated accounts of the effect of electricity in the tanning of leather have been circulated during the last few months, but there is no doubt that the new industry is now on a sound basis. Even Leather, one of the most conservative of English tech nical journals, admits in its last issue that "before long the English trade, so reluctant to embrace any new system, will have to interest themselves in it" French and German tanners have' been putting up test ing plants, and most favorable reports have been given on the rapidity of the process, the economy effected and the quality of leather produced. At a tannery in Belgium 40 ox and cow hides, weighing, without the horns, 1,380 kilogrammes, were experimented upon. The 40 butts derived from these hides were hung up in vats on October 12, 1891, and taken out on November 16V They were subjected to the action of electricity during four weeks, or 24 days, from six to seven hours each day. The weight yielded, when fin ished and dry, was 379 Kilogrammes. The offals, bellies, throats and heads, hung up in the vat on November 16 were taken out on December 7. These parts were therefore subjeoted to the action of electric ity during three. weeks, or 18 days, from six to seven hours per day, and the weight yielded when finished and dried was 344 kilogrammes. The 40 hides, therefore, with a given weight of 1,380 kilogrammes, gave a total weight of finished leather of 723 kilo grammes, or 52 4-10 per cent The tanning materials employed to swell, color and tan the 40 hides were oak bark, mimosa bark and oak extract,, and their total cost was 65. Mechanical Improvements and Earntaz. The manner in which the mechanical im provements and inventions of the ago add to material comfort in clearly perceived bv all, but it is rather difficult to reduce the gain to specfio figures. Such statistics, how ever, have been made, and, if accurate, are certainly, interesting. The average produc tion of man, woman and child in tbeUnited States increased, in the 30 years between 1850 and 1880, from about 25 cents per day to 40 cents per day, an increase of over 60 per cent " That this gain is due to mechanical assistance is perhaps shonnby the fact that in Italy, a country which still makes little use of elaborate machinery, no such increase is shown. In that country 98 per cent of the families average less than $300 Income, and less than 2 per cent receive incomes of $1,000 and up ward. In Great Britain, however, a conn try which is still abreast of ourselves in the utilization of steam and water power, 70 per cent of the population averaged $480,per annum for each family, while incomes of $1,000 and upward were earned by each family of 30 per cent of the population. In France, where the use of machinery is not quite so marked as in England, but where habits of saving add to the national wealth, 24 per cent of the families enjoyed incomes ot $1,300 per annum. has not been seriously depreciated as a useful variety of poultry. Breeders natur ally wish to produce birds of fine size, plumage and markings, and care little for the quality of the meat or tbe laying capacity of tbe bird. Where the evil works the most injury is cases in which the owners of large poultry yards pay fancy prices for prize birds in order to improve their own stock, and thus the undesirable qualities are perpetuated. This is quite apparent at any laree dog show, while some of the prize birds at 'pigeon shows are little short of monstrosities. Facts Aoout Poisoned Arrows. " Headers of Mr. Stanley's latest volumes on Central Africa will remember his graph ic description of the manner in which the little pigmies assailed his followers with poisoned arrows, so that should any member of his train intrude on the haunts of the dwarfs, or even expose himself casually, he was more than likely to die in a very few hours from the puncture ot one of the tiny shafts. Since the appearance of those chapters in which Mr. Stanley tells how he did not rescue Emin, the subject of poisoned arrows has received some little attention. It appears that the natives of New Hebrides use a poison which gives rise to tetanus, and the arrow heads, whioh are made from human bone, are first Bmeared with tree gum and then with a swamp mnd, which contains large numbers of Nicolaier's tetanus ba cillus. This is a modern preparation for use in the "gentle art of killing enemies," but, strangely enough, something similar was known to the negro natives ot the Cape Verde coast 309 years ago, and white men then pierced with their envenomed arrows died very quickly. The victims clenched J their jaws so tightly that it was necessary to put sticks between their teeth to keep the mouth open. It is a late day to begin the investigation of this subject, but the colonizing nations of the earth that are constantly coming In contact with the aborigines, or who fret along their frontier, have found it worth their while to inquire into the nature of these poisons and their remedies. A French navy surgeon has been studying up the subject, and is now prepar ing to publish his results. TICTIMS OF FAME. The Simple Honj'iks Are tne Greatest Sufferers in Bussia. A EDDE S0ET OP COMMUNISM. Hardj and Skillful in Their Way, trot Terr Snparstitioui WHEBE CROSS AND CRESCENT MEET Strategy With the Firemen. , The tardiness exhibited by the Brooklyn fire brigade recently in handling the fire In the big Smith-Gray building suggests that more success would be attained in dealing with large conflagrations if what might be called fire strategy were made a matter of systematio study. -An important innova tion in this direction is due to Chief Sweme, of the Chicago fire brigade. After. ny important fire a map is drawn of the district wherein the battle has been fought This map is accurately laid out with streets, alleys, buildings, fire plugs, cisterns, size of water mains, etc.,and these indications are supplemented by others representing the location of the fire engines called to the scene, and the manner in which they delivered their streams upon the burning area. The chief thus has be fore him the plan of the campaign, and not only can he fight the battle over again, but he can derive every time a great many use ful lessons as to the manner of grappling with the next fire of a similar nature that happens to break out . rranm roa- tub dispatch.! Some time ago tbe writer had the good fortune to spend several months among the population of the Bnssian districts now smitten with famine. The population is made up of four distinct nationalities, and various types, of which the patient and long suffering Slav peasant, the orthodox Moujik, is by far the more numerous and important element The iloujiks are the children of the Bussian soil, the mainstay of Church and State, those twin autocracies of secular and religious power. They represent the extreme limit of human simplicity and good nature. Ordinarily, the district now smitten with famine resembles the rolling prairies of Illi nois and in parts the lorest tracts of Michi gan or Northern Indiana, with rye, oats and potatoes as the chief products of the soil, however, instead of maize. A novel feature to the American is the numerous tracts of artificial forests of pine or birch, with the trees planted in straight rows. There are no separate farmsteads', the popu lation living in villages, which are small and numerous. From an advantageous po sition, as on a ridge, as many as a dozen villages may lie within one's range of vis ion. A village usually consists" of two long A Ifovel Signaling Apparatus. The water supply of the city of Coving ton, Ky., is derived from the Ohio river, whence it is pumped to reservoirs. From there it passes by gravity through some eight miles of pipe to the city. As there is but a single pipe line, it is especially neces sary that the strictest watchfulness should be exercised for the prevention or prompt stoppage of leaks. In order to increase the efficiency of this supervision a signal sys tem has been devised, consisting of a tele graph wire strung on poles, and signal boxes, which .will be located in farmhouses, each having numbers. A card of instruc tion will be placed beside each box; with, for instance, the following code of signals: One ring, a land slide; two rings, a small leak; three rings, large leak; more than three rings a serious break requiring imme diate attention. In the event of a serious mishap the men at the pumping station will instantly shut off the supply and men be dis patched for repairing. Evil of Breeding for Frizes. Mr. Tegetmeier, who is regarded as one of the greatest living authorities on poultry, has denounced in the strongest terms the evils resulting from breeding for prizes. He insists that no one breed of fowls has been taken up and developed by the fancier that Folding Steamship Berths. Among the novelties in steamship fittings is a patent turn-up or folding berth. These berths have reversible lee rails, and can be made with head or foot rail it required. They are self-locking, and can be Taised or lowered with perfect ease. When not in use they can be turned up with the bedding, and they lock automatically. The comfort and convenience of such an arrangement in a cabin where space is limited will commend it strongly to ocean travelers. An Electric Life-Saver. An electrical invention for connecting the shore with a ship in case of shipwreck has been patented in England. It consists of a pointed float of sheet iron, with electric motor and propeller ballasted with sand, which is discharged when the float strikes the ship. The float then rises to the surface allowing connection Dy cables to bo made. Light is supplied, when needed", by an incandescent lamp, which is fitted to the appliance. f- -y " ' -- ft. aw I JIBsfMf' &5fM'yMI I mm AWmmi tw. Mr mj Tartar and 3Iouik at a Drinking Place. fy.for Tiji0- form of the sheep as a -whole, we find the annal shaped singularly like a wedge. From the pointed thin face it increases steadily In size to the heavy hindquarters. (Fig. 2 and 4.) In Fig. 4 note how the leading sections are indicated by the changing slants of the dotted line. See how in this position the general upper line of the body, neck and head slants down from the high hips. The sheep's tall is peculiar. It is short and carried close to the body, hardly af fecting the Outlines at all in tne. side yiew. It shows so little that the hindquarters, the largest section of the body, seems to end very abruptly. In Fig. 5, which gives the back view in direct foreshortening, note the marking of legs, hips, and tall, and how the rib seetlon projects beyond the hips. The head taken alone has strong marks of char Scter. In the plan of the front view (Fig. 6.)note the length of the' whole head com pared with Its "width 'at top and bottom. Note the high position and slant oi the'eyes, the ear. This View shows how the forelegs are bent when lying down. As shown in Fig. 17, the legs ot the lamb are more woolly than in the adult animal. This' makes them seem rather large'and clumsy for the. body, which is short and round. The tail is longer and more prominent than in the mature sheep. This figure gives a characteristio pose of the lamb. CAEOLllfE HUKT ErMMEB. SNOW STATUES BY BELGIUM'S SCULPTORS. riclcln; Up Street Sweeplnss. Many cities, from New York downward, which have not yet solved the problem of cleaning their streets well and cheaply, would profit greatly by an examination into the working of a machine that has been in troduced in Germany for picking up street sweepings. This machine, which is drawn by horses, takes up in its forward motion the moist street debris or mud, which has been deposited In streaks by the preceding sweeper. The frame of the machine carries, suspended from the rear axle, an iron trough of half cylindrical shape, about four feet in length and nearly three feet wide. At the inside of the rear wheel an open paddle wheel is attached, whioh takes up the sweepings and drops them into the trough. A wnall plow at the front serves to narrow the strip of sweepings, which may possibly havebeen scattered somewhat by the hoofs of the horses drawing the machine. When the trough is filled, it can be Instantly dumped at any required spot by means of a crank andchaln arrangement It is stated" that this machine, which Is easily drawn by two horses and managed by one man, can re move from four to six miles of double rows of sweepings in a day. Household goods packed for shipment Hauoh & KEESAjf, 33 Water st This winter a heavy fall of snow in Belgium gave the Burgomaster of Brussels a "happy thought" and be at once set himself to carry it out. It was the "snow man" idea on a big scale. He invited the eminent artists of the capital to come out for a frolio and transform the great park of Brussels into a vast salon of winter sculpture. They arrived and the gates were closed. They caught the idea and went io work with a will; lent all their talent to create masterpieces out of the sLining snow-marble piled at their feet They packed and shaped and modeled with their hands as long as the snow was soft; after it hardened they used shovels and boards and sticks and knives and shears anything. They stuck in bits of coal for buttons and for eyes. Meantime it had been announced throughout the city that tbe public would be ad mitted to the exhibition when all was ready for a small lee,4 cents a person, the money to be given to the hospitals. In two day the scnlplors hadcompletfd their statues. The end gate, at 'the corner Of the Place des Palais and the Hie Hoyale, was thrown open. The throng was so great that a frequent relay of boxes and chests pas sent for to hold the steady stream of small coin. Everywhere there wero shouts of laughter, murmurs of admiration, cries of wonder. People- went into ecstasies on this hand at a delicious cnpld from the snow shovel of Kneller, on that hand a pair of gigantlo laughing spbynxes bv Dillens. There was an uncountable crowd ot boys aiound Dardenne's "Family of Bears," seated upon one of the park benches. The youngsters delighted, too, in the colossal Snow Lions, the joint work of two sculptors, and in the "Sleeping Elephant," and in various other fantastic monsters. There were many beautifuLand serious figures, also-a very fine statue of Leo pold It, of varlouspublie men, "Charity," a "Man at Prayer," a "Pair of Xovers." etc. When evening came the whole park was illuminated by myriads of .great white paper lanterns. The effect 'vata spectacle of sinsraLur haantv. The narle m thmnA nnt 4tm att ..J .m.JiI.. hIIaJ .L. L O I u M i IHMMU9 JJVU9U U9 U19W, rows of log houses straggling disjointedly along either side of a broad road. The houses are unpainted log cabins, ordinarily thatched with straw, bub occasionally with a roof of tin painted red, green or blue. The Fart of Russian Government. Each of these villages is in theory.though not always in practice, a tiny republic, or commune, in which each family is allotted a share of the common land and assessed a share of the common tax. Moujik republics, called mirs, are the administrative and finan cial units with which St Petersburg author ities deal The mlr is the unit of assess ment for imperial taxation, and if any of the members of the community are incapa ble ot paying their share the burden has to be assumed by their neighbors, who arrange for compensation according to the law and usase of the village. From the Tzar down the long sliding scale of Government officers to the Stsrosta or village Mayor, all treat the Moujik as one quite incapable of managing his own affairs; a simple Simon, whose usefulness in life is measured by his capacity for grubbing the soil and yielding taxes. Always poor, always improvident, he is forever in debt to the village usurer and grog-shop keeper, and is usually behindhand, and conse quently in hot water about his taxes. Oc casionally his stock, implements and gram are seized for debt, in which case he is no longer able to farm his share of the mir land, and so becomes a batrak or "landless one." The batrak state is the bete noir of the Russian peasant Without land to work out a livintr on he becomes a wanderer and outcast, and either joins the vast army of ragamuffin Moujiks that are forever tramp ing the roads of Eussia "on pilgrimage" or In search of wort, or he ekes out a miser able and precarious existence by drudging for neighbors who are but little better off than himself. They Are FnTJ of Superstition. The ignorance and superstition of the Moujik would be comical were it not so pathetic In his house, the same corner that was, in old pagan times, occupied by the family idols, is now devoted to the Icons or sacred pictures of the orthodox church. Now, as then, this is the "Beautiful Cor ner," and food is reverently placed before the Icons, as it was before the idols, by his pagan ancestors, centuries ago. The patron saint of the Moujik is St Nicholas, whom he supposes, in 'his foggy way, to be the Third Person of the Trinity. To a man, aImost,the Bussian Moujiks are experts with the ax, and can hew logs and build a house far neater than the average log cabin of the West While in process at 'building a wooden cross is always erected close by, as a measure of protection against evil spirits. These crosses, indeed, are everywhere in evidence. Ordinary periods of drfluth are overcome by the simple process of digging up a dead body and consigning it to the nearest river, a relic of paganism that nowadays has to be done in secret, as it is prohibited by law. During the present extraordinary drouth and famine many a corpse has been secretly dusr up from the cemeteries, and under cover of the darkness consigned to the waters of the Volga, Bon, Dneiper and other Russian streams. They Do ITot XJve High. No class of people in the world are so well content with course fare and hard conditions of life as these most hardy peasants. The ordinary fare is coarse rye bread, a porridge made of buckwheat and cucumber pickled In brine. On these rude edibles the ilonjlic manages to do a long and hard day's work, swinging the scythe in the bay or harvest Held from early dawn to late at night On Sundays and boly days the villas, vodka shop is the rallying point of the mala population, whilst the women gather about the doorsteps in little gossipping groups. Drunkenness is tbe prevailing vice, and vodka drinking is at tho root of most of the misery that comes upon him in ordinary times. Though by nature an improvident child, the hopelessness of the outlook ahead ot him, and, what must seem to the vait ma jority, tbe naelessness of attempting to Bet ter their condition in me, la. no uouu:, largely responsible for the prevailing druk enness. Next to the Moujiks the most numerous element of the population to whom we are sending relief are Tartars. Several of the Yolga provinces and parts of the Crimea are Inhabited largely by Tartars. They are of the Mohammedan faith, and as you pass up or down tho Volga, tho Tartar quarters of Samara, Simbirsk, Kazan and other chief cities are distinguishable from tbe Bussian quarters with tbe gilt domes of the magnifi cent orthodox churches by tbe minarets of the mosques. Chnrch Differences Don't Count. In these provinces of mixed Christian and Moslem population, the spires of tbe ortho dox churcbe are ornamented with devices lllustratlngtho victory of tbo Cross over the Crescent, xet, although this sort of thinjc would seem to be a standing menace to the cultivation ot friendly feeling between the two races, they, in reality, get along famous ly well together. Tne fourth great division are the Cossacks. These are as improvident as tho Moujiks, but ordinarily. much better off. Tbo are naturally predatory, however, and capable of wandering to tbe uttermost limits of the empire to forage for tho wherewithal to keep body and soul together. They, as all, are in sore need of assistance, but the mos; pitiable mendicant of them all Is the ortho- laox Mouj Ik. Thoxas STXTCa -1 hi -n-r " i irtiiniimmigii if J ,i' ffffMisrfiTfi sesssflBW
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