srasaBgHtfijBgigradgffliMw'ja.'i -' Lwwi.w'MKwiwwfwwiiiBiiBiww)T':3u.gJJ jiwiswsssgamwruwjJii..AM- ??&?;-, ?" ?w$k,?--" riispifTp 5Kf33F wr" THE PITTSBURG DISPATCH, SUNDAY, 'KBBRITART - 21, . 189E 15 IT FAMINE ALONE Is EespoEsiblo for the AwfuL Suffering Among the Poor of Eussia. THE BIPEOYIDENT SLAY Has . Been Depending on thellonej Lenders, Kow Driven Out. KO EESEEYE TO FALL BACK OK, The Minister of the Interior and-Count Tolstoi Contrasted. 1 EUSSIAK'S TISW OF THE SITUATION IWKITTEK TOn THE DISPATCH. "What are the underlying causes of tho distress in Russia? Many replies have been made to this query, and yet it is questionable whether the correct one has been given. American readers, who have already seen so much in print hich assumes to explain the sources of the misfortune, may desire to hear some thing on the subject from Eussian channels. In a crisis of this kind it generally happens that prejudiced opinions are ventilated. Therefore, a resume of Eussian current opinion among the thaughtful and educated classes and the higher grade of newspapers concerning ihe famine and its causes will serve to give a more comprehensive idea of the situation. The public have been surfeited with fig ures sud statistics. Enough that we should know that unless foreign contributions are liberally forthcoming many hundreds of thousands in the afflicted provinces must die. It is a desperate crisis, and naturally people seek where to fix the blame. IDainioc the Col eminent. The Government and political system of the country has come in for a good share of abuse, and, though both are doubtless de serving of censure, there are much worse foes to Eussian prosperity than either. The other day I came upon a series of printed opinions contained in a symposium of in formation about the famine. They were violent attacks upon the Government, even going so far as to deny all faith on the part of the latter in endeavoring to relieve the distress. One was written by a Hebrew and the other by a Nihilist "While both writers are fully entitled to their views it does not follow that either is correct The Czar and his Government are perfectly sincere and earnest in desir ing to relieve their subjects. They are handicapped by the officialism which pre vails in the departments and the inadequate means of transportation. The governmental system of Enssia is wrong, that I admit, but it is absurd to charge it with indiffer ence during a time like the present Primary Cause of the Famine. The primary cause of the famine is the failure of the crops, but even that misfortune might not have resulted so disastrously had it not been for the existence of a condition among the peasantry soon happily to change for the better. I voice in the following para graphs the most enlighted Eussian opinion General Annenkoff. which should carry the more weight be cause it is that of people who have given freely of their goods to the sufferers. The slav is by nature improvident and careless of the ' future." Tho self-helping characteristics of the Anglo-Saxon are lacking in his composition. The knowledge that he had facilities for mortgaging his crops in advance, and that his small posses sions in the shape of live stock and farming .mjuciuciiia tuuiu uo tuxueu into a sum oi money, how even small, and out 01 proportion to the security it J uugm De, nave inaucea in mm a fhiftlesness and want of thrift The presence of the money lenders and sa loon keepers in the agricultural districts of Eussia is justly charged with producing this condition. The usurer played into the hands of the saloon keeper, in whose estab lishment much of the money leaned by the former to the peasants was frittered away. Expelling the Jloney Zanders. As a necessary sequence, when the Hebrews were expelled by the recent de crees of the Czar, the peasants were con- sTrLznmc TOLSTOI ASP HIS DAUGHTER AT WORK. fronted by a situation with which they were not familiar; the props upon which they had hitherto leaned being suddenly re moved they did not have time tb fall into line with their altered circumstances before the unforeseen misfortune of a crop failure came upon them with crushing force. They were in a state of moral disorganization from which under normal conditions re covery would be certain. Entire confidence is felt in the ultimate and incalculable benefit that will accrue to the bulk of the Eussian rural population from the exodus of the money lenders. Al ready this beneficent influence would be felt if the famine were not an unexpected iactor in the case. The most paternal Gov ernment cannot claim infallibility, and it is an accepted truth that no great reforms have ever been accomplished without the accom panying infliction of some loss and sufier ing. It is safe to conolude that when the Government finds its hands free once more, measures of greater vigor than were ever be fore adopted will, be brought into play to secure the complete and final elimination of the Hebrew element from the territories of the Czar. Repugnant to .American Ideas. "We Americans, living as we do under free institutions, cannot indorse any, kind of political persecution, nor do I in any sense desire to place myself on record as an advocate of intolerance. But we should re member that we are not in Bujssia, and hence, should be slow to reject without hearing the views entertained by a, great majority of the very best grade of its in habitants. In tracing the causes of the present dis tress it is also impossible to ignore the decisive part taken in augmenting thesuf fering of the people by Dauraovo, Minister of the Interior, who is a terribly aggravated type of the Eussian bureaucrat. Public opinion so far as it can find expression on such matters is practically unanimous in Eussia in demanding his removal from office. Devoted to pleasure all his life and holding personal gratification before the call of duty, Daurnovo is just the man cal culated to complicate things in a moment of national calamity. He has no faith in per sonal sacrifices in the cause of . humanity even applying such principles to the dis charge of his official duties, which he per forms in the most perfuctory manner. Short ofiice hours, and as little trouble as possible, is his motto. An Instance of Daurnovo's Carelessness. As an instance a story is told of him in certain circles in St Petersburg. "When the famine first gave signs of its approach AKRIVAIi OP A the Governor of the threatened provinces lost no time in sending formal warnings to the Minister of the Interior. One morning Daurnovo arrived in his office in the bureau after a belated night of revelry at a state balL Among the documents on his desk was a letter from the Governor of Kazan urging immediate action on the part of the Government The communication was couched in the most touching language and forcibly portrayed the situation. No reply was sent to the Governor of Kazan, and npon the same afternoon when Daurnovo had left his office, after an un usually abbreviated tour of duty, a subor dinate discovered the letter of -ap'peal lying upon the floor, it bad been lolded longi tudinally, converted into use as a taper, and after serving to ignite the end of Minister .Daurnovo s choice cigar was cast contempt uously upon the floor as a piece of waste paper. This conscientious official is a great gallant among the fair sex, and the Bureau of the Interior has been mixed np with several scandals during his administration. Yet his gallantry and love of ease and pleasure might be readily forgiven if they were his only weaknesses. But there is no absolution for his persistent neglect of duty. Course of Count Tolstoi. In splendid contrast to this despicable self-seeking official is the grand and over shadowing figure of Count Tolstoi, whose efforts to relieve the unfortunate famine victims, have been described Dy cables. Americans are familiar with the story of devotion which records how the entire 'Tolstoi family are giving of their time, en ergy ana money to the cause of the desti tute. The spectacle of this great leader of Eussia's intellectual people, forsaking all personal considerations of comfort and con venience to save a people from the horrors of starvation is one which the civilized world may well contemplate with admira tion. It is really ludicrous to think of the sur veillance by police spies to which his noble actions have subjected him. Verestchagin, the great painter, told me once of the sus picion that became attached to him in con nection with some of his pictures. These paintings were designed to depict the ter rors of war and the horrors of the battle field, and dwelt on the dark and practical side of the campaign of 1877 rather than on its glorious and heroic aspect Great offence was given to tne government in conse quence of their exhibition, and for a long time afterward the painter found himself shadowed and followed about by detectives as though he was a Nihilistic conspirator. Subjected to Strict Espionage. At presentTolstoi is dogged by gendarmes, who watch the very soup kitchen which the philanthropist has erected in the striclcln districts. This only shows that were it any other than Tolstoi who was engaged in this work of relief he would not enjoy even as much immunity as the latter Is favored with. There is a disposition at the Govern ment headquaiters to not interfere with Tolstoi, and there are certain reasons for thift, apart from ,the veneration in which he is held everywhere for his great genius. His grandfather was one of the famous gen erals who led the armies of Catherinethe Great and enjoyed the personal confidence of his sovereign, being trusted implicitly in all "things. To-day the most powerful woman at the Czar's court is the aunt of Tolstoi's -wife. Only as recently as last year Madame Tolstoi went to court and enlisted the co-operation of this lady in the purpose she had come to accomplish. Dnring a special audience with the Emperor she urced upon him tnn axtiediencv of abating the censorship upon her husband's works. Tolstoi, she said, had been driven into his philosophical misanthropy by the embargo placed on the native circulation of his books, while his abandonment of fictionalliterature was making Eussia and the world poorer. The Czar was shown that an alteration of the Government policy would probably accomplish the desirable result of bringing the great writer back into his original groove. The Czar did not definitely answer at the time, but Madam Tolstoi's powerful relative remains at court, and beyond question her efforts to-further the petition have not Bince been relaxed. - The Conduct of the Usurers. The usurers are even at this present date increasing the Government's difficulties and delaying the administration ofrelief. Eus sian money lenders are mostly, but not ex clusively, Hebrews. The gentile Kulak which signifies unscrupulous or "fist" trader is also a professional usurer. The way in which these sharks manage to em barrass the operations of the Central Eelief Committee is simple enough. They con gregate in the vicinity of large depots which furnish the bases of supply. Here, by their exorbitant demands for the grain the Government wishes to purchase from them they create a serious delay by hag gling and bargaining. It may be asked, why does not the Czar seize the grain and put an end to the matter in the way one would expect an autocrat to do? The answer to this is an illustration of the fact that the Czar, though nominally autocratic is in many ways, openly defied by his subjects. Complaints had been for warded to St Petersburg by the local agent of the Central Eelief Committee at Nico laief saying that the committee was being seriously obstructed in it work by these miscreants. Word was sent out accordingly j from the Police Bureau at St Petersburg BELIEF SLEDGSE. Instructing the local police of Nicolaief to attend to the matter. Methods of a. Shylock. Four times afterward each time in answer to a different complaint a pristave was detailed to investigate the case pre sented against Isaao Abramoff, a Nicholaief usurer. Each of these priBiaves reported at length that there was nothing whatever in the complaint The thine waj plain enough; Mr. Abramoff had bought offeach individual pristave in turn. A fifth com plaint was made; a fifth mandate fop in vestigation came from St Petersburg, and a fifth police officer was put on the case. But, unluckily for Abramoff, this latest official was detailed from a different police district of Nicholaief than that to which his predecessors belonged. A jealousy, it ap peared, existed between the two police dis tricts and the fifth complaint anyway, landed the usurer in the predvaritelny zakhouchenie, or House of Detention, where he will probably remain for an unlimited period. Meanwhile, patriots shake their heads ominously, and say despondingly that if foreign aid does not prevent the extinction by want of fully two-thirds of the popula tion of the provinces the maddened sur vivors will cast away all restraining con siderations and plunge into open revolt Revolution would probably entail a sacri fice of life as decimating as the famine it self, but whether it would succeed in over coming the existing constitution or not can De merely conjecture. One thing admits of no argument and that is the magnitude of the problem whose solution is intrusted to Annenkoff, the great engineer, head of the Central Com mittee of Eelief. who now has a more arduous task before him than when he linked the arid deserts of Central Asia to the domain of Muscovy with bands of steel. V. GKrBAYEDOEB'. SPBING FASHION NOTES. Journal of Fashion and Tailoring. Coats of all kinds will be cut longer and trousers smaller. Vests will be cut V-shaped; the "opening" In this respect cannot be too pronounced. Walxihg-stiokb show little or no metal, the natural wood formations being the favorites. The neglhre appearance Is particularly 1 cnoice ana is empioyea in all tne made-up varieties. Tan finish of garments will be severely plain, the single narrow stitched edge on coats being the favorite. Peael buttons sewn on to shirt front Is Is the latest fad, and even the realm of full dress is threatened by it Ghat will be a predominating feature in the season's colorings, while tans will still be freely cut in some sections. Eousd corner-link button cuffs are receiv ing moro call than the square variety, though the latter are equally correct. The breast-pocket will, with tome, excep tions, bo finished with a wel the flap having "run to seed" In the ready-made trade. Imitation cuffs will, as a rule, be the finish for sleeves, though the real, two or three buttoned varloty will be a choice with manr. The four-in-hand and the ascot will De the leaders in scarfs, the former being 2 and later S inches In width. Puffs, however, will not bo neglected. The derby hat will have a rather tapering crown made in throe heights, with a moder ate brim inclining to flat set. The band and binding will be wider than last season. The chocolate or russet shoe will como bade to us with the advent or spring, though undressed calf will be tho season's choice for footwear at the seashore and mountains. In fabrics there is quite a tendency to again Introduce fine light-wcizht worsteds. Tho long-tail frock, however, will be mostlv made of half-rough goods, commonly known as half vicunas. Ik silk hats the bell shape will prevail in an even more pionounced degree than last season. The brim will be wido witn a Iree and graceful roll, and the crown will be lower, in fact very much lower In some In stances. The sailor shape will prevail In straw hats, with a low crown and flat brim of very am ple proportions. The band will bo of deep over-shot silt, finished with a flat bow. The macklnaw straw will have its usual run, but the "fancies" will not be selected for the fine trade. Shikt fronts will be plain both for dress and day wear, while the edge of bosom, collar and cuffs will be single-stitched very narrow. The percale shirt finished in tho same way, with white collar and cuff stitched on, will be in great favor, while the neglige shirt will not be worn by those who aim at correctness in attire. But the truth is that this erstwhile 'popular garment has become exceedingly common in spite of the fact that an effort is being made by a well known firm to lnfnse It with new life by In troducing vest effects. "Pass" palliatives, "order up" Dr. Bull's Cough Syrup, the greatest Tremedy known. A LEADING KEPUBLIC. The Highest Civilization of South. Arnerica I3 iQ Uruguay. FAMED FOE PHYSICAL BEAUTY. Deformities Practically Unknown and a Beggar Is a Karity. GEIAT BES0UEC18 OP THE OOUNTKI rCOBBKSPOSDKrci Or IHE DISPATCH.! Montevideo, Ubuguay, Jan. 18. A traveler, fresh from the western side of South America, views the -Atlantic coast with disappointment, for to him its bound less plains and majestio rivers appear tame and unattractive by contrast with Andean scenery. He is also struck by a marked difference in the general look of the towns; for while people under the shadow of the great Cordillera live in constant fear of earth quakes, and therefore build none but low, thick walls, those on the eastern side hav ing no such dread, rear houses as high as their means will allow. But there are compensations, even for lack of picturesqueness. The archaeologist, the naturalist, thelover of nature, may find solace in the thought that, though the an tiquities of Peru, the solemn grandeur of Bolivian scenery and the diversified beau ties of Chile are wanting, industrial devel opment has made much more rapid prozress on the eastern shores. Numerous railway lines traverse the great plains, and ships of all nations ply the jri vers; so that now he may accomplish in a few week's time and at a trifling cost expeditions which formerly required years of laborious travel and the expenditure of a fortune. They Live on the Boots. One misses the rambling old casas of Lima, Santiago, Guayaquil, and Arequipa, with their Moorish patios or inner court yards, their blank walls turned streetward, hiding fountains and flowers and loveliness within. The more ambitious houses of Montevideo and Buenos Ayres have flat roofs, commanding a wide sea view, and are the favorite resort of. the inmates in fine weather. Most of them have sort of a watchtower, called a mirador, roofed and windowed on all sides, wherein however rains may beat and winds may blow idle people may still take note of their neigh bors affairs and enjoy the prospect of busy streets and boundless ocean.- Closer acquaintance with this remote re public continually develops new cause for wonder and admiration. Though compara tively unknown to the world, Uruguay is not only the most favored section of South America as regards olimate, soil and geo graphical position, and therefore the most desirable as a place of residence for for eigners, but it is already the most prosper ous, and destined, by reason of its natural advantages, to become the most important in point of commerce. Let us first get an I idea of its physical character and lmme 5 Ji.f. .,,,,,,,,, Uruguay's Natural Advantages. Consulting a map, you will find the little cone-shaped piece named Uruguay cut out, apparently from the big Argentine Eepub lio, the dividing line being the La Plata and Parana rivers, while Brazil bounds it on the northeast and the Atlantic ocean washes its southwest Though containing only about 63,000 geographical miles, it has a sea and river coast ot 626 miles, with many natural harbors. No section of the globe Is more abund antly watered, there being SO navigable riv ers, which receive as many as 1,600 tributa ries, forming a network of streams in all directions; not to mention numerous small lakes and creeks that occasionally swell to considerable size. Yet there is not a swampy spot in all Uruguay, nor an acre of soil where agriculture is retarded by excess ive moisture. The southwestern corner contains Montevideo and about one-half of the entire population. It is grassy and un dulating, extremely fertile and diversified by hills. It is occupied entirely by rich estaucias, or ranches, most of them devoted to the raising of sheep and cattle. The northern portion is the mineral region, with wide valleys, fertile and well-wooded. It has gold, silver, copper, lead, magnesia, amethys,t agate, alabaster and marble, mineral Wealth of the Republic. A corporation, called the- Gold Mining Company oi U ruguay, noma a government oonoession in the district of Cunaperu, and the "Corrales Gold Mining Company," has a concession of 2,600 hectares in the dis trict of CorrsJ.es. During the last half year, with less than a hundred laborers, the latter has extracted 2,000 tons of mineral. Two copper mines near the foot of Pan de Azucar (Sugar loaf) mountain are now in active operation; but all the rest remain unworked. There is a good deal of argen tiferous lead, which the early Spaniards mistook for silver. At the Paris exhibi tion 60 different varieties of "Uruguay marbles" were shown. In Montevideo every-house with any pre tentions to elegance has its marble entrance, hall flooring, dadoes and grand stairway of the same beautiful material; and a great deal of it appears .on the facades of both publio and private buildings. Yet, strange to say, it is nearly all imported, though vast quantities of the finest marble lie within a few miles of the city. The great coal fields of the northern provinces are also unworked, and most of that used in Uruguay is imported from Cardiff at an average cost when delivered of f 15 the ton. It Has a Splendid Climate. The climate is by no means tropical, the thermometer seldom marking as high as 90, and in mid-winter (June and July), frosts are frequent, though never severe enough to iniure veeetation. The air is pure and drv. even in Montevideo, situated directly on the sea and the country is regarded as a sanitarium by ague-troubled Argentines and fever-stricken Brazilians. Since Uruguay lies within the temperate zone, its fruits are much lice those of the United States apples, cherries, peaches, etc Strawberries grow to surprising size, and are sold by the dozen, never by measure. ''Green gages," too, are enormously large, and, being prized by good housewives for putting up In brandv, they come high in market -15 cents the dozen. ""Water pears," maturing in February, retail at SO cents the dozen, and often average a pound apiece in weight Lemons, oranges, grapes and other semi tropical fruits abound. Nowhere do vege tables come to such perfection with so little trouble, and therefore they are cheap; but potatoes are scarce and dear, though climate and' soil are admirably adapted to their growth, because the natives have not learned to include them in the daily menu, and therefore do not raise many of them. Drinking Elver Water for the Blood. Grasses remain green and succulent the year round, furnishing the best of pastur age. In Uruguay, as well as in Argentina, the pastoral wealth is due to the fertilizing constituents of "pampa mud," geologically associated with gigantio antediluvian am malt, whose remains abound in these re. gions. There are few forests except along the river banks, aud the Sierras have no trees worth mentioning. But every hill side is covered with shrubs myrtle, acacia, rosemary,mimosa and the ceibo with its scar let blooms; while the valleys are fragrant with bay and laurel, and carpeted with crimson verbenas and other brilliant flowers. Medicinal plants are particularly numer ous, including the poppj, gentian, camo mile, wormwood, liquorice balsam, corn anders and sarsaparilla. Some of the rivers are so impregnated with the roots of the latter as to possess sanitary qualities for bathing purposes, and the people who drink their waters are said to be exempt from any skin diseases arising from impurities of the' blood. The great Bio Negro (Blaok river) got its name from the fact that at certain seasons of the year it is blackened by the sarsaparilla growing- around its banks. The Trees of Uruguay. Amoag indigenous trees are the willow, alder, poplar, acacia and aloe. ,Tb.e bsence of pine, oak and fir is singular in a temper ate zone, but Jhose trees utterly refuse to grow in Uruguay, though often planted and nursed by foreigners. "Within the last quarter-century the eucalyptus has been introduced from Australia; and now in the environs of Montvideo there are hundreds of groves and hedges of this ugliest tree on earth gaunt, scraggy, worm-dropping, their long roots upturning pavements and foundation walls, and impoverishing the soil for" yards around so that nothing else will grow in their neighborhood. There is also ths algarroba tree, from whose pod the natives distill a kind of chicha, not at all like the chicha of Peru and Chile made from corn, wheat or" grapes. The tree is said to make excellent timber, and cattle thrive upon itsleaves and buds. Then there is the timbo tree, in great demand for canoes, its big trunk, which is generally hollow, being easily soooped out, when the rude boat is ready for the fisherman. The black and white urunday is a near relation to rosewood, furnishing logs often 50 feet long. It is said to resist decay in a most remarkable manner, posts and beams of it remaining sound after two centuries of use. It is capable of a beautiful polish, as is also the mimosa and aloe. The quebrache is akin to sandal wood; the guayabo is a sub stitute for box wood, and the palms of several varieties furnish the poorer classes with thatch for their houses. The long, tough leaves make excellent roofing, shed ding rain perfectly. Bpiden, Snakes and Game. There are no scorpions, centipedes or tar antulas here to frighten unwary travelers, but enormous spiders are alarmingly com mon, and are said to be venemous. The onlv dangerous reptiles are rattlesnakes, and they are chiefly confined to the stony lands of Las Minas: and a queer little viper called "la vivora de Ja Cruz," because on its head are marks in the form of a cross. Pumas are found near the Brazilian frontier and olonp the banks of the larger rivers. The ounce (pronounced ween-ce), a small tiger, roams the wooded islands, and there are wildcats, water hoes, tapirs, deer, foxes and millions of the little armadillos ("ant-eaters," here called mulltas, of "little mules") sole remnants of the ancient mas todons and mylodons. The ostrich (Ehea Americana), roams the plains. There are paroquets in the thickets and water fowl on the lagoons; partridges, quail, several spec imens of the vulture tribe, and tall, lean, ruffled crows. The streams are full of fish, and it is asserted that ISO species are found on the seacoast Politically, the country is divided into 19 departments, that of Montevideo being smallest, though it contains one-quarter of the total population. The original Indian element has almost disappeared from Uru guay; and so has the negro population, which at one time was considerable. Best Civilization of the Continent The present mixed race ofUruguayans are famed for physical beauty, and also for more energy, perseverence and true courage than most South Americans possess. Their standard of morals is also exceptionally high; and for commercial integrity hospitality and refinement and courtesy, the typical Montevidian is surpassed by none. Defor mities are almost unknown in Uruguay, and there is hardly a mendicant in all the land an agreeable contrast to the loathsome and importunate swarm of the blind and halt, lame and the lazy of other portions of Spanish-America. During the last two or three decades a number of agricultural colonies have been established in different parts of Uruguay, with more or less success. There used to be a Board of Immigration, and a good deal of money was spent in inducing foreigners to come here, but Dine times out of ten, soon as they had realized a little money, they hastened back to Fatherland to enjoy it Notable exceptions are the prosperous Swiss and Italian colonists in the province of Colonia, and the thrifty Basques and Canary Islanders, who have carried agri culture to a high grade In the department of Canelones. Ol late years there has been no ' direct attempt made to induce immigration, the Government wisely preferring volun tary recruits of the better sort, though their numbers be fewer. The prosperous colonies long ago outgrew the space allotted to them; but, owing to the irregular appropriations of public lauds, little remains to bestow on settlers, native or foreign, except at the ex- orbitant rates demanded by speculators, Panitie B. Wabd. EIGHALIHG WITH MIEEOES. Kemarkable Distances at Which the Slash Can be Kellably Used. Few people understand the difference be tween a heliostat and a heliotrope, says an army officer in the St Louis Globe-Democrat. The former Is a mirror moved by clockwork in the path of the sun so as to throw reflec tions in a desired direction. The latter is a field mirror. The most remarkable thing about both is the distance to which the flashes may be thrown. A mirror of one inch in diameter is distinctly visible with- r out the use of a glass at the distance of eight miles, while two miles away it looks like a very bright star. "With either the heliostat or the hello trope it is possible to signal from one moun tain top to another 80 or 100 miles distant, and, in fact, experiments have shown that signals may be transmitted from one moun tain top to another in the Eocky Mountains, without the least difficulty, a distance of 90 miles. A Simple Freezing Solution. St Louis Globe-Democrat. Anybody can freeze his own ice cream in five minutes, and for an expenditure of 2 or 8 cents. If the preparation desired to be frozen is placed in a tin bucket or other receptacle, it can be readily con gealed by putting it in a pail containing a weak dilution of sulphuric acid and water. Into tnis tnrow a nanarui oi common Glauber salts, and the resulting cold is so great that a bottle of wine immersed in the mixture will be frozen solid in a few min utes, and ice cream or ices may be quickly and easily prepared. CATAKKHAL DEAFNESS. How Boariirc;, Crackling; and Buzzing in the Ear Is Produced. The eustachian tubes are small tubes, about two inches long, leading from the upper and back part of the throat to the middle ear. Their uses are to permit the passage of air inside the drum-head of the ear. An ordinary drum would be worthless unless a small hole is made in the barrel to allow the pressure of air to be equal on both sides of the drum-head. So it is with the middle ear; the "atmospheric pressure 'must be equal on both sides, that the drum-head (tympanum) shall be sensitive to respond to the delicate vibrations of air called sound. If anything happens to ob struct the eustachian tubes hearing is very much impaired, if not entirely destroyed. Catarrh ot the throat most commonly fol lows up these little ducts to the middle ear, imc&euwg meir mucous linings so as to completely or partially close them up, producing partial deafness. The roaring and crackling sounds which catarrh sub jects so frequently complain of is due to the spread of, the catarrh to these tubes. Pe-ru-na is the best, if not the only, remedy that will cure these cases. Taken regularly according to the directions on the bottle the symptoms gradually disappear until a complete cure is the result. In some cases it takes months to effect a cure, while in others only weeks are required, as in the following: Mr. Frederick Bierman, of McCcmb City, Miss., had chronic catarrh' very badly for many years. The disease finally passed up the eustachian tube into the middle ear, aud had'almost destroyed his hearing. He has been taking Pe-ru-na but a short time, and his catarrh is very much better, and he hears again as well as any one. Colds, winter coughs, bronchitis, sore throat, and pleurisy are all catarrhal af fections, and consequently are quickly cur able .by Pe-ru-na. Each bottle of Pe-ru-na Is accompanied by full directions for use, and. is kept by most druggists. Get your druggist to order it for you if he does not already keep it A pamphlet on the cause and cure of all catarrhal diseases and con sumption sent free to any address by The Peruna- Medicine Company. "Columbus, Ohio. 4, ... . .- STOCKHOLM'S WKARD. Jledical Miracles of Dr. Wettenstrand the Sensation of Europe. AN HOUfi SPENT IN HIS OFFICE. Hypnotic Cures of Dipsomania, Kleptoma nia and Like Troubles. 8TAETLIKG MESMERIC EXPERIMENTS rCOBRSSFOXDEXCB OF THE DISPJLTCH.1 Stockholm, ?Feb. 10. Dr. O. G. "Wet tenstrand is the latest sensation in Stock holm. On the second story of his residence are two salons where the most startling miracles of modern science take place.. They are performed daily, from 9 to 4 o'clock, and from 70 to 90 people wonder at them and believe them only because they are witnesses themselves. Pootsteps are drowned in the heavy, reddish-brown carpets, all the curtains are drawn, throwing the room Into a profound dusk. There is not a picture on the walls, not a vase ot flowers to relieve the monotony. Keither the ticking of a clock nor the creak ing of a door; not even a buzzing fly disturbs the deep silence. The furniture consists of a diversity of sofas, lounges, divans, otto mans and armchairs, each with a small cushion for the head, and sitting or leaning on them, when I visited the doctor, were ladies, gentlemen, and even a child, per fectly immovable, as if hewn from stone, each occupying a different position. No movement of alimb, not a trembling eyelid betrayed that they still belonged to the liv ing. They did not snore nor sleep with the mouth open. Like the Dreamland of Homer. They were really asleep as peacefully as infants in heir mothers' arms. A rosy hue singed their features like the echo of a smile. "We look uncertainly at the door posts to convince ourselves that they are not ivory like those in the dreamland of Homer. Silent as death! For that assem bly remain speechless in their elegant grave. On one of these lounges lay a slender blonde with fine, delicate features and an unnatural transparent skin. She looked like a pale fairy. On an ottoman a weather beaten giant, dressed like a hunter, had fallen down and lay with his head thrown back, A haggard, angular woman sat in one corner in an arm chair, her arms dangling to the ground, with head bowed on her breast, while a deathly pallor overspread her features. A divan contained a little boy in a peculiar position as if he had rolled down from a height and met with concus sion of the brain. Behind a screen an officer in civil dress was visible on a footstool, with a red ribbon in his buttonhole, and a pointed mustache, revealing him to be a French croupier. Suddenly the rustling of a silk dress was heard, the door opened and an excited lady, stout, red, and nearly devoid of eyebrows, rushed In with violent contortions. She rushed along like, a steam engine threaten ing to overturn two or three of the sleepers. But she could not get past an ample divan In her way. She sat down with evident repugnancej she pressed her hands against the divan in her efforts to rise, but it seemed stoonger than herself, aud very soon she fell into a quiet sleep, looking instantly a picture of peace; the heated blush faded from her face and she even seemed to di minish in size. A gentleman in a black, closely buttoned coat had accompanied her to the threshold where he stood following her with his eyes. Theywere peculiar, calm, blue eves, half closed like those of a short sighted person looking at a distant object The Blaster of the Mysteries. His oval face was colorless with a dimple in the chin and a formerly blonde moustache, which like his hair was tinged with grey. This was Dr. O. G, "Wettenstrand, one of the leading physicians of Stockholm, a serious, highly esteemed personality. His works on "Suggestive Psychotherapy" have been translated into several European languages. He has already several follow ers in his professsion, among them Dr. "William Vragossy, a prominent surgeon in England, Dr. "Wettenstrand was muoh sought after, and entrusted with the most difficult cases before curiosity, six years ago, directed his vacation trip to Kanoy to witness with his own eyes the suggestive wonders of the school Bernheim-Liebault-Liegnois. He went mere a sceptic, Dut returned a con vinced man. Under the impression of the successful cures witnessed in Nancy, he be gan to make trials himself, with-such satis factory results that he adopted it as a pro fession. Since then patients from all parts come to him and young doctors constantly seek information on the subject He Was Curing; Alcoholism. He walked noisely over the carpet and approached the lady who had just made her entrance. 'Just look here," he began in a soft. somewhat veiled tenor voice. "Look, she is sleeping already. This robust fullblooded woman is the wife of a butcher. Her dis ease is alcoholismus whisky drinking. Her bloated appearance is also caused by the pomicculus alcoholicus. She has had re peated attacks ot delirium, but however dreadfully excited she comes to me each time the redness of skin and bloatedness dis appear like magic, her whole system under going an improvement What a number of tnese cases i nave aireaay cured! Behind the screen you see an officer on a fairway to recovery. They are big drinkers in the army, and such patients do not like to be seen when under treatment" Then he led me to the other sleepers, ex plaining the difficult; cases. "The results are often so sudden," continued the pnysi ciad. "Lately I had a royalty under treat ment For ten days she was so changed as to be unrecognizable. That giant in the hunter's costume is a morphinist, and so far cured that he neither feels a desire for mor phine nor the well-known sensations whleh torment morphinists after a sudden abstin ence. The boy was a new patient. He had the habit of stealing money, was a mischievous idler and stutterer besides. The doctor stepped up to him resolutely, "Wake up!" The boy moved. Then he passed his band two or three times over the boy's face and blew on it. The boy rose, his face slightly flushed an d turned to leave, with a firm step, the doctor calling after him, "Kemember wnyyou came here," as the patient would have completoly forgotten why he had been sent there. The doctor expected to make a new boy of him within a fortnight All Sorts of PatlentsWaltinff. New patients were waiting for a consulta tion, consisting of epileptics, drunkards, morphinists, and people afflicted with ery sipelas, uxea laeas, aonormai actions of the heart, or disturDances of different functions which cease with chrpnometric exactness as soon as the patient is influenced by hyp notism. Suddenly he turned to a French lady who was in the room. "The left eye of the lady Is quite insensi tive: touch it," and he took a knife from his pocket, opened it and handed it to me. With the pointed blade I repeatedly touched the sclerotica of her leit eye, which did not move, while the other blinked continually during the experiment. As soon as the doc tor said: "Now the right eye is insensitive to touch," it happened at once. Yet the marvels of Sturegaten go still further. There was a lady whom the doctor put to sleep for four weeks without Inter ruption, wbllo nourishment took place un disturbed. On awaking she was cured of epilepsy. Hypnotism is also used successfully in stead of chloroform in surgical operations. Even cures "by correspondence are not rare. A, patient from the country, suffering from nervous palpitation orthe heart, mentioned nis case to Dr. Wettenstrand, who answered with a card on which w,ore written the woids: "As soon as you. have palpitation of the heart read this card and Jail asleep and wake half an hour later without palpita tion." The man did as he was told, but did not fall asleep. However, be tried again and again until be succeeded. The treatment by correspondence continued until the rjaticnt. , was cured. ,., . r Bubolth Bavuxm. WEITTES FOB THE DISPATCH BY MARK TWAIN, Author of "Innocents Abroad," "Tom Sawyer," "HucHebeny-Enn, Etc, Etc STOOFSIS OT" FEETIOTJS CHAFTEBS. Lord Berkeley, ostensibly Earl of Eossmore, has a son who has studied the claim of one Blmon Leathers of America to Chalmondclay Castle and the vast estate, and becoming; convinced that be and his father are usurpers, starts to America to make his own fortune. He is Imbued with democratic ideas- His father declares ths son Is stark mad, but be starts to Amerloa nevertheless. In Washington he narrowly escapes death at a hotel Are. and having been reported burned In the newspapers, adopts Howard Tracy a his name. At the fire he accidentally gets the clothes of One-Armed Fete, a cowboy, who is also xe- Sorted burned. In the pockets is a sum of money which Tracey puts Jn bank. He falls to nd work and drifts to a cheap boarding house. The habits of the boor Is the worst (rial he has had to bear. Finally he becomes a hero by thrashing the bully of the house. The latter leave', taking Tracy's money with him. The landlord Insults Tracy for not paying his board. Discouraged, he telegraph! his adopted name to his father, expecting help. The announcement that he expects a cablegram from his father, who Is an jSnglisn Sari, con vinces the boarding house folks that his failure to cet work has set him crazy. At lass Tracy gets a cablegram. It reads simply, "Thanks." Despondent to the last degree, Tracy finally takes up with an old sailor and a German who paint abominable pictures. He be- ins to make money for the first time since be came to America. Simons Leathers and bis rother set killed at a log rolling out West, and Colonel Mulberry Sellers, the central char acter of the story, becomes the American claimant to Chalmondelay Castle. He and his old wile, with a sprightlv daushter, live in a tumbled-down house in Washington, which now becomes Bossmore Towers. He mourns the young Lord as dead, and came near send ing the old Lord a basket of ashes from the hotel fire as his son's remains. He is always full of chimerical schemes, nmong them a Pigs-ln-Clover puzzle,which at the instance ot ni3 Wild Western friend, Washington Hawkins, he sells to a Yankee at 6 cents for each puzzle sold. One-Armed Pete is wanted for a crime and a reward is offered. Sellers and Hawkins de termine to cet the reward. After tho hotel flro they get a glimpse of Tracy in, the cowboy costume aud prepare to capture him. CHAPTER XVTTX HE artists arrived and shook hadds with great heartiness. The German was 40 and a little fleshy, with a shiny .bald. head and a kindly face and deferential manner. Captain Salt marsh was 60, tall,erect, powerfully built, with coal-black hair and whiskers, and be hod a well-tanned complexion, and a gait and countenance that were full of command, confidence and decision. His horny hands and wrists were covered with tattoo marks, and when his lips parted his teeth showed up white and blemishless." His voice was the effortless deep bass of a church organ, and would disturb the tranquility of a gas flame CO yards away. "They're wonderful pictures," said. Bar row. "We've been examining them." 'It is very pleasant dot you like dem," said Handel, the German, greatly pleased. "Und you, Herr Tracy, youhaf peenbleased mit dem, too, alretty." "I can honestly say I havenever seen any thing just like them before." " "Schon," cried the German delighted. "You hear, gaptain? Here is a chentlemer, yes, vot abbreciate unser aart" && Jzosr- ijte wiaiii-Jiii-"-.-?- ?! . BUT SIBEKIA XSJ STAKE A EEPUBIJO OT IT. The captain was charmed, and said: "Well, sir, we're thankful for a compli ment yet, though they're not as scarce now as they used to be before we made a reputa tion." "Getting the reputation is the uphill time inmost things, captain." "It's so. It ain't enough to'know how to reef a gasket, you've got to make ths mato know you know it That's reputation. The eood word, said at the right time, that's the word that makes us; and evil be to him that J evil thinks, as Isaiah says." "It's very relevant and hits the point ex actly," said Tracy. "Where did you study art, captain?" "I haven't studied; it's a natural gift" "He is born mit does cannon in him. He tondt haf to do noding, his chenius do all de vork. Of he is asleep und take a bencilfn his hand out come' a cannon. Pycrashusof he could Jo a clavier, of be could do a gui tar, of he could do avasntuD, it is a lortune, heiliger Yohanniss it is yoost a fortune." "Well it is an immense pity that the business is hindered and limited in this un fortunate war." The captain grew a little excited himself now "You've said it, Mr. Tracy. Hindered? Well, I should sav so. Why, look here. This fellow here, No. 11, he's a hackman a flourishing hackman, I may say. He wants his hack in this picture. Wants it where the cannon is. I get around that diffioulty by telling him the cannon's our trade mark, so to speak proves that the picture's our work, and I was afraid if we left it out peo nle wouldn't know for certain if it was a Saitmarsh-Handel now you wouldn't your self" "What, captain? You wrong yourself, indeed you do. Anyone who has once seen a genuine Saitmarsh-Handel is safe from imposture forever. Strip it, flay it, skin it out of every detail but the bare color and expression, and that man will still recog nize it, still stop to worship. "Oh, how it makes me feel to hear dose expressions," still saying to himself again, as he has said a hundred times before, "the art of the Saitmarsh-Handel is an art apart: there is nothing in the heavens above or in the earth beneath that resembles it " "Py chiminy, nur horen Sie eimaL In my lifeday haf I never heard so brecious worts." "So I talked him out of the hack, Mr. Tracy, and he let up on that, and said put in a hearse, then because he's chief mate of a hearse but don't own it stands a watch for wages, you know. But I can't do a hearse auv more than I can a hack; so here we are, becalmed, you see. And it's the same with women and such. They come and they want a little sweet picture " 'It's the accessories that make it a genre?" "Yes, cannon, or cat, or any little thing like that that you" heave in to whoop up the effect We could dota prodigious trade with, ( i the women if we could foreground the things they like, but they don't give a snap for artillery. Mine's the lack," continued the captain with a sigh. "Andy's" end of the business is all right; I tell you he is an artist from wayback! "Toost hear dot old man! He always talk 'pond me like dot," purred the pleased German. "Look at his work yourself! Fourteen portraits in a row and no two of them alike." "Now that tou speak of it, it is true; I hadn't noticed it before. It Is very re markable. Unique, I suppose." '1 should say so. That's the yery thing about Andy he discriminates. Discrimi nation is the thief of time 49th Psalm; but that ain't 'any matter, it's the honest thing, and it pays in the end." "Yes, he certxinlr is great in that fea ture, one Is obliged to admit it; but now mind, I'm not really criticising don't jou think he is just a trifle over strong in technique?" The captain's face was knocked expres sionless by this remark. It remained quite vacant while he muttered to himself: ' Technique technique poly-technique pyro-technique; that's it likely fireworks too much color." Then he spoke up with serenitv and confidence, and said: "Well, yes; he does pile it on pretty loud; but they all like it, you, know fact "is, it's the life of the business. Take that No. 9, there, Evans the butcher. He drops into the studio as sober-colored as anything you ever see. Now look at him. Yon ean't tell him from scarlet fever. Well, it pleases that butcher to death. I'm making a study of a sausage-wreath to hang on the cannon, and I don't really reckon I can do it right, but If I can we can break the butcher." "Unquestionably, your confederate I mean your your fellow-craftsnian I a great colorist " "Oh, danke schont " "In fact a quite extraordinary- colorist; a colorist, I make bold to say, without imi tator here or abroad and with a most bold and effective touch, a touch like a batter ing ram; and a manner so peculiar and ro mantic, and extraneous and ad libitum, and heart-searching, that that he he is an impressionist, I presume?" "No," said the captain, simply, "he is a Presbyterian." 'It accounts for it all all there'a some thing divine about his art soulful, unsatis factory, yearning, dim-hearkening on the void horizon, vague-murmuring to the spirit out of ultramarine distances and far sounding cataclysms of uncreated space oh, if he If he has ever tried distemper?" The captain answered up with energy : "Not if he knows himself ! But his dog has, and' "Oh, no, it vas not my dog. "Why, who said it was your dog?" "Oh, no, gaptain, I" "It was a white dog, wasn't it, with his tail docked, and one ear gone, and " "Dot's him I Dot's him !der ferry dog. Wy, py Chorge, dot dog he would eat baint yoost the same like " "Well, nevermind that now 'vast heav ingI never saw such a man. Yon start him on that dog and he'll dispute a year. Blamed if I haven't seen him keep it up a level two hours and a half." "Why,.captain I" said Barrow. "I guess that must be hearsay." "No, sir; no hearsay aboui It ho dis puted with me." "I don't see how you stood it" "Oh, you've got to If you run with Andy. But it's the only fault he's got" "Ain't you afraid of acquiring it?" "Oh, no," said the Captain, tranquilly; "no danger of that I reckon." The artists presently took their leave. Then Barrow put his hands on Tracy's shoulders and said: "Look me in the eye, my boy. Steady, steady. There it's just as I thought hoped, anyway; you're all right, thank goodness. Nothing the matter with your mind. But don't do that again, even for fun. It isn't wise. They wouldn't have believed if you had been an earl's son. Why, they couldn't don't yon know that? Whatever possessed you to take such a frak? But never mind aboutihat; let's not talk of It It was a mistake; you sea that yourself." "Yes it was a mistake." "Well, Just drop it out oryouBstad it's no harm; we all make thsm. Pull Tour courage together, and don't brood, and doa't m m i 1 I 4 i A i -MssMMss- -SgggggggggSgggSgSB'-1'ri'l
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers