.. ii. t ii"!"ll""i",7ili"ll"l"l" "ih
I
iSBI!HHnssVnP9nQK99BHWHjL'J mwiiup ' FiWf&WnEBWzw&1qBmM$i
t : . 4 i r
CHILE'S CRACK NAVY
Would Find Lots of Troublo Getting
Within Shooting flange of
Onr Seacoast Cities.
OUR BIG GUXS XEAELY READY.
Projectiles That Would. Sink Any Etip
Aflcat,"and That at Five Miles
Gat in the Sea.
FEOGEESS AT THE KG FACTORIES.
IUostntlons FromFlioiograrlis Showing Our rreraia.
tion for Eeleiuo.
ftrECUi TTLKCRAM TO THB DISPATCH.!
"WASHncGTOK, .Tan. 2. The bluster about
Chile has aroused the country to a lively
interest in the offensive and defensivo
equipments of the Government. A great
deal has been Eaid about the offensive but
little about the defensive. In fact the need
of coast defenses as compared with the
grow ing navy received a tardy recognition.
For, while appropriations for the one were
begun in 1SS3 and the work of building up
a new navy has been in active progress for
the past eight years, it was not until five
and a half years later, or in September,
1688, that a law was enacted which per
mitted a definite commencement upon the
new plans of coast defense and modern
umament.
The reproach that the United States had
not a single modern gun to mount for the
defense of the coasts had become a phrase
almost too hackneyed to hurt. Once felt
with sufficient force, however, and recog
nizing that the sphere of navy operations is
upon the high seas and that no adequate
defense of our seaports can be made with
out permanent fortifications on land, and
that neither could the ships of the navy act
with effect and safety to themselves without
fortified harbors as bases of operations, we
have now for three years past been busily
at work upon the coast defenses.
Adequate Coast Defenses Assured.
The "work is necessarily slow, as The
Dispatch has often shown, but, owing to
THE
the i izorous manner in which it is being
prosecuted, great progress has been made,
and the Secretary of "War has been enabled
to state in his annual report that the
problem of adequate coast detenses has been
practically settled. The brunt of this work
has to far devolved upon the ordnance de
partment of the army, which has first to
provide the gnns, carriages and ammuni
tion. As these are now being turned out,,
however, the engineer department is en
gaged upon the erection of batteries and
emplacements at New York, Boston, San
Francisco, Hampton Beads and "Washing
ton. There are not lackins those who did and
who fctill maintain that this procrastination
was a wise measure in economizing the ex-
pcaditurcs of the Government. It is fortu
nate for such that the emergency requiring
adequate means of defense has not already
arisen. Other objectors, who feared that
guns would be built which might become
obsolete before they were needed, and who
desired to await a time when something
like perfection had been attained in the art
of gun making, had more reason on their
side, when that period of change from iron
to steel guns was in progress about 18S0.
The Call on American Steelmakers.
The navy Bureau of Ordnance undertook
the construction of six-inch built up steel
gun in 18S0 and of two others in 1882, the
metal being simply annealed. A great ad
vance 3? toaae by the Army Ordnance De
paijent, when in a circular letter issued
to steelmaker-, in April, 1883, it called lor
oil-tempered steel. The results of this
circular were remarkably successful, and
led to the production of oil-tempered and
annealed steel in this country such as is
used in all the guns now making, and is of
a quality not elsewhere excelled.
The period from 1833 to 1888 was well em
ployed, and no other country, it s be
lieved, can lay claim to more complete in
vestigation in this direction, or a more tat
isfactorv demonstration of the extent to
which theory could be relied upon to gov
ern practice in gun construction. Finally,
in 18S8, when au opportunity "was given to
go ahead with the manufacture ol" heavy
gun in quantity, the work was entered
upon with a zest bom of confidence and
laudable desire to overcome in good time
the handicap posse sed by the sister service.
The army Run farorv then produced the
A Q4-Incli Deck-Plate After First Shot Jfrom a
lS-Tnch Honor.
first eight-inch gun made wholly of forgings
of home manufacture, and alo the first 12
inch steel gun prepared lor sen ice in this
conntry. The two services, armv and navy,
re to-day working independently to mate
icsoii Eervice a deserved source of na
tioaal confidence, and the spirit of
friendly though keen emulation thus
engendered is one of the best guar
antees that can be given to insure good
results and economical administration.
The Krport on I'orlification.
The policy and plans for coast defense, as
now pursued, are based generally upon tne
report of the board on fortification and
other defenses, made in 1886. That board,
as may be welt known, submitted estimates
for land and harbor defenses of the prin
cipal lake and seacoast ports, 27 in number,
the land armament to consist chieflv of 44
16-inch, 203 12-inch, 222 10-inch and 102
8-inch steel breech-loading guns, or an ag
gregate of 571 heavy guns and 700 12-inch
breech-loading rifled mortars. A policy of
moderate annual appropriations was inaugu
rated two years later in place of that recom
mended by the board, to appropriate ?21,
600,000 for the first year and 9,000,000
yearly thereafter until the completion of
the work. The present policy has the ap
parent merit ot providing just so much
monev annually ns the bare necessities of
the work demand. It has so far satisfied
these demands as regards the making of
guns, but unless the proper extension and
development of the work is unduly re-
.....! X
POWDEE CHARGES
stricted, appropriations of increased
amounts must henceforth be provided. A
point has now been reached when a gener
ous rather than a restrictive policy in the
matter of appropriations will conduce to
economy.
Up to the present time 198 of the sea
coast guns and 75 of the heavy rifled mor
tars have been provided for. One-half of
all these guns and practically all of the
mortars are made by private establishments,
while the army gun factory at "Watervliet
Ars?nal, New York, which will be one of
the finest and best equipped shops for finish
ing and assembling guns in the world, is
nearing completion, and is already in con
dition to machine and finish the forgings as
TWELVE - INCH STEEL BEEECH-EOADINO BIFLES.
fast as they can be procured for its use.
Work ol the Private Ganmakera,
That private industry should have a
large share in this wo'rk is a natural de
velopment of our institutions, wherein the
key-note is commercial rather than warlike
ascendancy. The amount of new business
that has been created and theimprovements
in methods of manufacture introduced by
the necessarily rigid requirements of ma
terial procured by the Government have
been ot no small moment to the commercial
interests oi the country. This is evidenced
bT the number of firm: having important
contracts with the army ordnance depart
ment for completed guns, torgings, gun
carriages, projectiles, powders and heavy
machinery for the armv gun factory.namelv:
The California Powder AYorks, Dupont
Powder Works, Bethlehem Iron Company,
Midvale Steel AYorks, South Boston Iron
"Works, Builders' Iron Foundry, "West Point
Foundry, Thomson & Houston Electric
A 13-Inch SrcechrLoadlny Mortar in Spring
JUlurn Carnage.
Welding Company, Morgan Engineering
"Works. Pond Machine Tool Company,
Niles Tool "Works and the Southwark Ma
chine Company.
The necessity of having well equipped
government factories is not, however, less
mandatory. They aro needed primarily to
meet emergency demands for military sup
plies of everv kind, and especially new ma
terial which has not, whether in kind or
quantity, reached a commercial basis; and
after such a status of any particular manu
facture may have been attained they are not
less needed to govern the cost of production
and prevent the formation of "rings" among
the comparatively few firms which devote
themselves to specialties in the manufacture
of war material.
The Pacific Const toft Defenseless.
There is at present no' plant of any kind
adapted to the manufacture of heay guns
on the Pacific coast The question whether
the Government shall establish there a
factory for the manufacture of the very
considerable number of 'heavy gnns and
mortars required for the defenses of that
coast has been carefully studied by a board
of army officers appointed by the President,
pursuant to the act of August 18, 1890.
The report of the board, which also treats
of the coast facilities for steel production on
the coast and other localities, has been
published, and is now before Congress for
us, action. j.ne ooaru mius &natauout ow
heavy guns and mortars maybe required for
the defenses of the Pacific coast and Puget
Sound, and the report states: "The board
unanimously and as strongly as possible
recommends the erection on the Pacific coast
of a gun factory of a capacity sneh as to
enable the guns for that coast to be reeady
at least as soon as those for the Atlantic and
gulf coasts."
General Flagler, who succeeded General
Benet as chief of ordnance in January, 1891,
says that at the Watervliet gun factory the
first lot of 12 8-inch guns will be completed
in February, when the forgings of that size
will be exhausted. Meanwhile workis pro
gressing upon 38 10 and 12-inch guns from
forcings under deliverv. A further supplv
of 33 sets of 8, 10 and 12-inch forgings have
been contracted for( But the output of the
factory will require that money must be
granted to make contracts for additional
forgings within the calendar year 1892, in
order to prevent a deficiency.
Gun-Carrlnges for the Seacoast
General Flagler makes an earnest appeal
for funds needed to increase the facilities
for the manufacture of gun-carriages at the
"Watertown arsenal. Unfortunately this
work is some years behind the guns. Dur
ing the past year available funds have been
used to improve the plant at the 'Watertown
arsenal, which is engaged upon alterations
of existing carriages, and new 8-inch and 12
inch barbette carriages, of which a limited
AND PEOJECTILES.
number will be required for mounting the
new guns, are being made here..
But disappearing carriages, which will en
able the gun to be quickly raised to the
firing position, and in the recoil lower it
into a completely covered and safe position
behind the parapet of the battery, will be
required in the greatest number. Several
carriages pf this type are in the course of
manufacture or test, including an 8-inch and
two 10-inch carriages ol different models.
One ot these, mounting a new 12-inch, 52
ton steel gun, will very shortly be in posi
tion in the defenses of Sandy Hook.
The Recoil Absorbed by Springs.
Carriages for mounting heavy 12-inch
rifled mortars are under contract with the
Builders' Iron Foundry, of Providence, R.
L, partly sub-let with the Morgan Engi
neering Vorks, of Alliance, O. These are
aptly called the spring-return carriages.
The piece is mounted upon a cross-head and
recoils along slides inclosed at an angle of
50 degrees on the inner sides of the heavy
cheek pieces. The recoil is absorbed by
hydraulic cylinders, and also in compress
ing a pile of cup-shaped (Belville) springs,
strung upon a rod, on each side, in the line
of recoil. The reaction of these springs
causes the piece to return at once to the
firing position.
Another type of heavy mortar carriage
(the Canet) has also been procured for trial.
This acts upon the hydro-pneumatic princi
ple. An air cylinder is placed centrally
and connected with the two hydraulic cyl
inders, one on each side. The water is
partly forced out of the hydraulic cylinders
in the recoil and acts upon a piston to com
press the air, which then reacts to return
the piece to the firing position.
The modern service guns and mortars
manufactured by the ordnance department
for seac.oast defense are typified, by caliber,
as follows :
Artillery for the Seacoast.
! F CnAKGE.
"? n
5 ? Mi
- - n cV
O Co (j
ijIiiJi
H.50.3.21 130 300
30.0030.1,0 256 575
52.00 J6.C6 410 1,000
14.25 10.T5 SO f30
13.00lll.76 100 S00
ASTXXXIBY.
Gnn
Eight-Inch, steel
Ten-Inch, steel
Twelve-Inch, steel ,
Mortars 4
Twelve-inch, C. I. lioopea...
Twelve-Inch, steel
Some of the 12-inch guns to be hereaftre
made will be 40 feet.or 40calibers,in length.
Guns of 16-inch caliber will be made as the
necessary legislative approval is received.
These guns will weigh 125 tons and will use
a charge of 2,370 pounds of brown powder to
propel a projectile weighing 2,370 pounds.
The enormous energy of this projectile,
62.400 foot-tons, can be appreciated in stat
ing that it is equivalent to the striking
force of a 6,000-ton ram moving at the rate
of 17 knots an hour.
Very interesting and full of portent for
the future have been the trials ofsmokeless
powder fired from the 8 and 10-inch sea
coast gunB at Sandy Hook during the past
V' front View of the broken Deck-Plate.
year. A charge of 50 pounds of this pow
der, little more than one-third of the serv
ice charge of brown powder, gave the 300
pound projectile of the 8-inch gun a
velocity ot 2,162 feet and the energy ot
9,720 foot-tons, with a pressure not exceed
ing the capacity of the gun a performance
heretofore unexcelled. One very important
result to ioliow from the adoption of the
smokeless powdei will be that, as, ceteris
paribus, the force of the recoil decreases
with the weight of the powder charge, the
difficulties of the carriage construction will
be lessened.
Can Reach Five Miles to Sea.
The utility and scope of the fire of the
heavy 12-inch rifled mortars continues to
PEETSBUlfff "mSPATOOC
NEW ADVERTISEMENTS.
DUQUESNE
PITTSBURG'S LEADING THEATER.
David Henderson arid John W. Norton Managers.
Week Commencing Jan. 4, '92.
Wednesday-MATINEES-Saturday.
1
CARROLL JOHN
IN HIS REFINED IRISH COMEDY DRAMA,
THE GOSSOON
BY E. E.
DON'T FHt TO SEE
The Lakes of Killarneyjn. Summer.
The Lakes of Killarney in Winter.
The Home of the Gossoon.
The Old Hunting Lodge.
The Open Country by Moonlight.
The Struggle in the Snow.
The Unroofing of the Cabin.
The Grandest Effect Ever Presented
on any stage.
NO PIKES, LOST WILLS, MORTGAGES, CARICA
TURES OF THE CLERGY INFORMERS.
liIncidental to The Gossoon CARROLL JOHNSON will
sing his latest songs, "THE IRISH ARE TRUE,"
"SWEET ANNABEL," "WEDDING BELLS," etc.
All Scenery and Effects by MOHN & BECKER, Union Square Theater, New
York City. Mechanical Effects by GEOEGE PURVIS.
SEATS NOW ON SALE. PRICE $1, 75c, 50c, 25c.
POPULAR PRICE MATINEE WEDNESDAY.
NEXT ATTRACIIONFarewell Appearance Mr. and Mrs. KendaL
ja3-38
develop as the trials at Sandy Hook are ex
tended. They constitute very poweriul and
effective weapons of defense, which can be
properly utilized only on land being prac
tically useless to mount on shipboard, where
the platform is too unstable to secure accu
racy of. fire. .Hostile ships approaching
within arange of five miles of the shore bat
teries will find themselves in a Tcry dan
gerous neighborhood. Targets made over
water have Ehown that 67 per cent of the
shot struck within the space of a ship deck
330 feet long by 60 feet wide if taken bow
on, and 14 per cent, if .bnmciside on, at a
range of five and one-half miles. At about
one mile range the percentages of hits for
the two positions ot the target were found
to be 92 and 43 respectivelv.
Vessels of whatever kindare most vulner
able to the high angle fire delivered by
these pieces, by which even the armored
decks will be readily pierced or shattered
by the heavy projectile, as experiments
have demonstrated. The projectiles now
used will be supplemented by steel shell of
1,000 pounds weight, containing a powerful
bursting charge.
Hott to Protect Tour.Valnaliles.
How often do we read in the newspapers
about houses being robbed ot large sums of
money and valuable papers and jewels? It
is easy and cheap to guard against being de
spoiled in this way. How? By renting a
box In the 1'ire and Burglar Proof Safe De
posit Vaults, German National Bank, Wood
street and Sixth avenue. Here you will
find security for your valuables at a very
trifling cost, with the key in your own pos
session. TVbU
A .A .A .A .A .A .A . A . A ...A..A.A...
n RHEUMATIC
' Jf PAINS
SrJ Stop anointing, ( i
J7 Wit EP0' a' aces
p-Iyy wood's
i PENETRATING pIK "
' continuously. Its .
" 17 1 flCTCE? special power to
rLPtQItrV dilate the pores, ,.
penetrate deeplyandstoppain, renders
1 it far superior to ordinary porous .
plasters. . ,
1 1 '
N.Y. Depot, 9 William St.r
i
The Thuma Dancing Academy,
NO. 64 FODRTH AVENUE,
ESTABLISHED 1883. NINTH YEAR.
Openins ot secondi session. Everv even
ing ot weeks commencing January 4 and 11,
8W.
SPECIAL ADVANTAGES
FOR BEGINNERS.
Office open day and evening. jan3-19
OUR MOTTO:
LOW TRICES.
I YOUR MOTTO:
SAVE MONEY.
SIXTH ST. AND PENN AVE.
Manufacturing and Importing Retailers.
WILL COMMENCE ON MONDAY
Ever inaugurated in this city.
WORTH OF WINTER CLOAKS
Must be sold regardless of value.
BHBHCTDHEH5' PAIGES COT IN TWO.
Save money. Visit the
PARISIAN."
i
$100,10
SUNDAY JANTJABT
1
KIDDER.
THE GOSSOON.
Bernard Mallay.
RodyDugan.
Percival Kirke.
Collin.
Dandy Darraugh.
Rose,
Annabel.
Pansy.
J THE PIG.
HARRIS'THEATER.
Mrs. r. Harris, R. L. Brittpn, T. F. Dean,
Proprietors and Managers.
Popular Prices Always Prevail at
Harris' .Theater,
10, 15 and 25 Cents !
WEEK COMMENCING MONDAY, JAN. 4.
Every Afternoon and Evening.
DEVOY&.SMILEY'S
In conjunction with
ROBERT STICKHEY'S CIRCUS
Presenting a Performance
Thoroughly
ML AND BRILLIANT.
Week of Jan. 11-JAMES H. WALLICK.
ja3-S0
ACADEMY.
lirtii, JaiarN.
Matinees
Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday.
Mr. Sam Bernard,
Miss May Adams,
Smith and Lord,
Miss Lizzie B. Raymond,
Fitzgerald and Kelly,
20
Handsome Ladles
20
The Grand Military
First Part
and a
Hew Burlesque.
10
FO
fli
JANUARY 11,
THE IRWIN BROS.' SPECIALTY CO.
ja3-52
SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA
OF NEW YORK.
WALTER DAMROSCH. Conductor
TWO GRAND CONCERTS,
January & and 6, Tuesday and Wednesday
Erenins, at
CYCL0RAMA AUDITORIUM,
ALLEGHENY.
PRICES $3 00, $1 60 and $1 00.
Tickets now on sale at Mellor & Hoene's,
Pittsbartf, and Aler. Ross', Allegheny. Jn3-68
D. L. Down's Health Exerciser.
Far Brils-werterj b Sesentir? People:
Gentlemen, Ladle. Ttralts; Atlltte
or Invalid. A complete grmnaamm.
Takes up but 6 In quare nior room ;
sew, scientific, durable crniptehfutlye,
cheap. Indoraea by M.000 jjbjilcbM,
lawyers, clerejnen, edit on & abut
now nslrg it. Send fbrlltastrated c!r
cnlr140eniaTlne,rocbare. Prof.
8rl
HARRY
WILLIAIS
HiHmfiXSiiS
(xusx-auu.) cUOoltuie,E"tiaabt1iewYojfc
3,' ,1892.
POPULAR WITH THE PEOPLE.
Ballet, Pantomimic Comedy, Spectacle, Heroic Drama!
A Merry Harlequinade and a World of Novelties for Our Holidays
and Glory Nights 1 1 1 Everything Absolutely New From the
Opening Scene to the Transformation !
W J. GILMORE'S OWN MAJESTIC REVELATION,
Presented Under the Management of Chas. H. Yale,
THE
EVERGREEN
FOREST
OF
TEMPTATI
The Most Extensivo Indoor Show in All America! A Fortune in Wardrobe, Paint and Canvas !
4 PARISIAN PREMIERS 4! 80 INTHE CORPS DE BALLET 80!
125-PEOPLE IN THE REPRESENTATION 125!
The Three Brothers LA MARTIN E! The Eccentric Russians Salamonskysl
DELHAUER, THE "HUMAN FROG1" SIGNORITA PAPARILO
FRAULEIN NEUMANN and the Phenomenal CHITTEN SISTERS I
Jr'H & & J?ifi
PRICES
Jan. II Ghas.T.
HARRY DAVIS'
FIFTH AVENUE
-TOOTH
ja.i
CREATED BY
DANIEL BOONE
AND
Mile. WLU CARL0TTA
Has induced Manager Davis to re.
engage the King and Queen of
LION TAMERS
For one -week more at the enormous salary
of $1,M0. This will poitively he their last
appearance in Pittsburj, as they are
hooked to appear in the leading thea
teis of Great Britain the present sea
eon. Their troupe of five trained
lion3 are the monster beasts that
appeared in the first production
oftliegt eat spectacleof "Nero"
at Niblo's Garden. Their act
is intensely thrilling, and
must be seen to be appre
ciated. They perform
the most marvelous
: : : : : teats. : : : : :
A host of other strange and interest
ing curios.
i
IN THE THEATER.
Next week THE GREAT LALOO. SEE
HIM. Jal-Sl
SECOND TERM.
'S
63, 65 and 67 Fourth Av.
(SECOND FLOOR.)
BEGINNERS' CLASSES Tuesday, Wed
nesday and Thursday evenings.
ADVANCED CLAfaSES-ilonday and Fri
day evenin:r.
CHILDREN'S CLASSES (Advanced and
Beginners) Saturday afternoon, 1 to 5
o'clock.
Three teachers in eaoh class.
TUITION Onp quarter, 10 lessons, $3 00.
ja240
PROF. JAMES P. BROOK'S
(Member of the American bocieiy of Profes
sors of Dancing, New York.)
DANCING ACADEMY,
Liberty av. and Sixth St.
Second term for misses And masters will
begin Saturday, January 2, at 3 o'clock r. it
For ladies and gentlemen, Monday, January
A. nf.fl A'tvlM!? -v V flail (rrm .l..nl...
MUSEUM
M Binni
THE
STUPENDOUS !
IiWw
mnsiastoro. de27-&
NEW ADVERTISEMENTS.
THEATRE
UNDER THE DIRECTION OF R. M. GULICK & CO.
TW
WiJ GILMORES LEGENDARY 5P
VjfctJvUf(TE3:.50D
RESERVED
SEATS
Ellis in "CASPER, THE
n
r''iSsSsSSZ.iu.HS!
ALVN
CHARLES L DAVIS Owner and Manager.
WEEK JANUARY 4.
TO-MORROW NIGHT
Mr. A. M. PALMER'S Company will give the first production
of the Greatest Dramatic Triumph of the Age,
ALA
A STORY OF THE SUNNY SOUTH, '
BY
AUGUSTUS THOMAS.
MATINEES WEDNESDAY AND SATURDAY.
WEEK JAN. ii MR.
G R A
Mr. E. D. Wilt
MONDAY,
Matinees Wednesday and Saturday.
THE POWERFUL
FR
rat
TON
-xsc-
A DRAMA OF INTENSE HUMAN INTEREST.
By CLAY GREENE, Esq.
PPPCQ. 15c,'25c,50c,75c,S1.00.
i.nlULO. Wednesday Matinee: 25c, 50c Reserved.
SEXT WEEK-DUFF OPEM
ELvE
ECTACLEf
THE
THE U
TOTRE
II iJTIIEE.
T
B
YODLER."-Jan II.
de31-21
HENRY E. DIXEY.
ja3-I5
OPERA
HOUSE.
Proprietor and Manager.
JANUARY 4,
ROMANTIC ACTORS,
IE
COMl REPERTOIRE.
OIS
s k ? S f 0 m
Mil JLjy E JF g
"
OEM
jas-n r
a
f
3M
i
- V
,., i-k. .., aick