VH3IW7' THE PITTSBURG DISPATCH, .SUNDAY NOVEMBER 1, 1891 C7 EICHES ffi ORANGES. Some Facts and Figures About the Business in California HOW A PITISBURGER PROSPERS. In tie Best Fniit a Fnndred Icre Should Erinff $225,000 a Tear. A B0UX1IFUL SUPPLY OP WATER rcop-sisrOTDEycr or mi DtsrATCH.1 T.i. CUjos Vaixey, Gai, Oct 28. X no other basinets open to the immigrant to California is there inch promise of fort une as in the orange business. The de mand for oranges has never yet been fully supplied. This fruit ful valley has only .tely been turned into vast orange grove. but few distric'j are so full of promise. It is 13 mile truth of San Diego. I came by motor line and crossed the flumes of the JLirirside "Water Company and the Allesan ro Irrigation Company. The latter has ITAVAI. ORANGE TKKE TKAT reservoir sufficient to irrigate 250,00) acres of land, at the rate of one miner's inch to everv eight acres, which i the largest irri gation system in America. The mot-r line pstses through acreages of young groves and nureer'es of from 10 to 20 acres each. Then it come to heavy orange tree foliage from groves 10 to 13 vears old. They line both sides of the road and form very pretty and scented avenues miles in length." SHE CLIMATE THAT IS KECESSABT. For the culture of orangei the mild, soft, balmy air of Riverside and the El Cajon Valley are unsurpassed. The district is al most entirely free Iron- frost, and the ship ments from Riverside put it far in the lead as to production of citrus fruits. The El Ccjon Valley (pronounced E! Cahown) is about eigh miles long by four miles wide. Mr. John T. Gordon, a former resident of Pittsburg, and ow-e owner of the Fifth tvenue street car line of Pittsburg, has chosen this section of country for his Edna Alma Rancho. as be has named his place, and has made a specialty of raisins. Land rBBroATnro Air .0 4iaruHi'T 8 Ia TOKFU !; here can be bought at from $150 to 5500 per cere. The valley is not quite level. Elevations suitaMe for building sites occur just olten nough for convenience. The residences are of ten palatial. Mr. Gord ta occupies a home tnat cost hire 518,000, and it stands in the center of a 100-acrc grove of orange trees all in bearing When I saw the grove the trees were all in full bloom, fillin the soft, balmy air with gentle perfume. Many varieties of rose trees and bushes are planted around the beautiful lawns, blend ing their dark velvet and soft pink colors with their bright green. Avenues and walks lead in everv direction, bordered I vith ever conceivable ariety of flowers i ntd rare tropicil plai.ts. There is no Irost ', kill them here. The drives are all lurid w::b the palm, banana and magnolia, and pretty 'Uiite, red, gold and pine roes are timing and bui.chiug all along the wire fencs and clinging to the side of every outhouse and barn i.nd lattice work. Fie or six years ha e made this transformation ' from a wild place into a fertile valley. A VTOMIEKKUI, WATi-B SUPPLY. Water is a prime requisite in the cultiva- , uon ot citrus trutts. lms valley lias a plentiful supply. A flnme passes through it, earning a column of pure mountain water O feet wide and 3 feet deep. This car ries water to San Diego and the surrounding country. The K.lua Alma is supplied from a stone reservoir w ith a capacity of 130,000 gallons, iv.u which is constantly Cowing lrom this flume 2 miner's inch s (or 2 in ches fcquare) ol water which is used through pipes over the rancho for irrigation. The charge far tliis water supply is 5120 per year per mu.cr's i ch. In Pennsylvania language., this amounts to i,7:0,400 gallons, which is sufficient to irrigate successfully ten acres in oranges the year round. Ten acres of land will plant 750 orange trees, placing them 12 by 14 feet apart, -which is close enough, although some place them 13 by 13 feet apart, giving 1,000 trees to ten acres, but when the trees come to an" age of 13 years they touch each other at the latter dis tance. The naval oranges bring the best price, ana a single tree when 12 years old will bear as high as 14 boxes. The illustra tion shows a tree of this variety which now bears from 12 to 14 boxes a year. It was photographed, as you see, near Riverside. Orange seeds are planted in beds and when 1 year old are transplanted. At 3 years olrl they are sold at from 75 cents to fl SO ao i according to size, symmetry and varietj. One of these trees will bear In three years, and at five years of careful cul tivating and irrigating will yield two boxes of oranges to the tree. Naval oranges are worth lrom S2 to $3 per box; Mediterranean sweets from SI 50 to 52 50 per box, and aoout zuu oranges, meaium size, nu a box. STOBB THE FBUIT Oif THE TBEES. Oranges can be left on the trees for months after they are ripe. and can be picked when the market price warrants. And it is common to see the trees loaded with fruit of last year and the new blossoms of this year at the same time. The orange crop is sold in the grove to buyers from Eastern markets, at so much per box, the purchasers providing the boxes and packing and ship ping at their own expense, giving their checks for the amount before the crop leaves the ground. One can readily see the enormous income from. sav. 100 acres in naval oranses. Sell ing at 53 per box, 75 trees to the acre, 13 ' years old, at 10 boxes to the tree, would be 5225,0 0 per annum: and 10 acres at the same yield would bring 522,500 per annum. Trees were bought moitly in Florida last year and shipped in carload lots to Lower California and sold as fast as they arrived. YIELDS FOURTEEN BOXES. Enterprising fruitgrowers are plowing up their raisin vineyards and plantine oranges, because there is less trouble and a larger in come from the orange. Kain is liable to fall at any time and ru,in a whole drying crop of raisins which have to be laid in trays to dry In the sun between the rows of Tines, and this Is no inconsiderable risk. GUS EOBEEIS. ITALY HAS GOT OVER IT. The ICew Orleans Incident Didn't Prevent the Entrance of Oar Fork. The people of Italy arc not so deeply offended at the United States for the New Orleans incident as you imagine, says Pres ident Contencin, of the Italian Chamber of Commerce, New York, in the St. Louis Globe-Democrat The indignation felt at first soon disappeared when the facts in the rase became known, and the friendly atti tude of Italy was restored. The removal of the embargo on American pork is the best evidence of the friendship of the Italian oraitoe asora Government and people. It was a conces sion of the most pronounced type, because Italy does not need our pork nearly so badly as other European countries do. The re moval of the prohibition, however, will re sult in a great addition to the export trade of the United States, because the Italians will buy meat of whom they can get it cheapest and best. A NEW USE FOB ALTJHINUH. Pat. Gllmore Thli ks It Ms- Be of Value in Makins musical Instruments. Perfection in musical instruments is gen erally the result of skilled workmanship, and it is comparatively rare that a new ma terial Is discovere J that will improve the tone of an instrument, says P. S. Gilmore in the St. Louis Giobe-Democrat Since, how ever, aluminum has been found suitable for almost every purpose and an improvement on every known metal for each, experiments have been made by more than one thought lul inventor with a view to ascertain whether it could not be used to advantage in making music creating instruments. That these experiments have been crowned with success is now reported in inside cir cles, and in both pianos and violins the new metal has been nsed (o alleged advantage. In the piano it certainly docs produce satis factory results, with every possibility of lasting qualities and perhaps in the violin it may by the same, though to a man who looks upon a violin with something of a sacred glance this appears doubtful. Still, the inventor's claim is such a strong and evidently genuine one that it cannot he ig nored by e en the most skeptical. Household goods packed for shipment Eacgh & Keejta- S3 Water street. u MOUSE OF WONDERS. Myriads of Fossils the Tenants of a Residence in Philadelphia. PROF. COPE'S UNIQUE C0LLECTI0IT. A Tiny Skull That Is One of the Erolu tioniste' Hissing Links. OEEG0N ONCE A TR0PJCAL C0UNTBY rconni!sro30MCTa5 or this wsrATcn.1 Philadelphia, October 3L The most remarkable house In the United States is at No. 2102 Pine street in this city. It is oc cupied by Pro E. D. Cope, the distin guished paleontologist, and is filled from top to bottom with fossils. There are enough extinct beasts, birds and fishes in the building, If they could only come to life again, to form a procession extending in an unbroken line from Wanamaker's to Tren ton, N. J. Every room is stacked from floor to ceiling with wooden and pasteboard boxes containing bones of creatures, big and small, the most recent of which died hundreds of thousands of years ago. All the closets are fairly stuffed with skeletons. The parlor is occupied by a reptile 70 feet long. That is to say the skull of the vast brute is there, with the shoulder blades and the neck, but the rest of him extends through the hallway and out into the back yard. There is not space to put him to gether in proper shap, and so the vertabras of the backbone are jacked in drygoods boxes. Each box it a four-f "t cube and holds one vertebra. The bathroom, appro priate' enough, is chuck full of fossil fishes, while the dining room is tenanted by herd of ancient rhinocoroses. Theselatter, by the way, appear to have hod no horns on their noses and to have been quite harmless. Tnat is one reason doubtless why they were wiped out SLEEPING AHOXQ MIGHTY SKELETONS. The Professor has the second-story front room for his bed chamber. He sleeps there when it docs not happen to be convenient for him to go out to his beautiful residence at Germantnwn. The bed, dressing table and washstand are crowded together in the middle of the apartment and surrounded on all sides by stacks of boxes, all of them filled with fossils. Scattered about the floor and piled up in the corners are various frag ments, such as the jaw and shin-bone of a mastadon, the pelvis of a mammoth, some vertebra that once belonged to a whale, the humerus of an extinct species of hippopota mus, and so on. In the closet are what the owner calls his "babies" huge fossil batrachions from Texas, which in life resembled gigantic frogs with short tails. Each of them was ten feet in length, and it may be surmised tbat their jumping powers were something phenomenal. However, there is a much bigger one downstairs, which measured 15 feet These surprising creatures must have been very plentiful at one time, judging from the Quantity of their remains that are dug up, and a few hundred thousand years ago they mizht have been seen hopping all over the region mentioned. THE FINS 07 GIANT REPTILES. Another closet in the entry on the seco-d floor contains a quantity of what is called In Texas "fossil brushwood." It is dug up quite plentifully In some parts of that State, being regarded as a curiosity, although the natives are not aware of what it is in faot namely, the spiny frills that grew like fins long the backs ot giant lizard) which lived In the distant permiHC epoch. Tliev were among the earliest reptiles that inhabited the world, being, ancestors of the saurians of the Mesozoie, or Age of Reptiles, which came after. In fact, some evolutionists assert that man Is descended through these very beast. Tbey grew to be about 15 feet in length, with spines four feet long, al though their vertebra wfere no bigger than a sheep's. There were related species which had ex traordinary back fins, with crosspiecea like the masts and yardarms of a ship. All of them were carnivorous and exceedingly fierce. The vast numbers of them which existed anciently in Texas must have rendered things decidedly unpleasant for most other occupants of that part of the country. In the parlor is also the skull of a Hadro saur, about four times as big as that of the largest crocodile. When it was alive, from 8,000,000 to 0,000,000 years ago, this remark able lizard was at least 30 feet long and stood perhaps 20 feet high as IT WADED KANGABOO-FASHTOW In its customary manner through the ocean shallows and browsed upon the seaweeds which formed its diet The skull has two very striking features. One is the teeth, still perfect, which are 2,000 in number and are arranged in magazine fashion for grind ing the vegetable -food. No other sort of anfmal, living or dead, ever possessed so extraordinary a dentition. The other sur- firising point is the jaws, which are pro onged and shaped in front like a duck's bill, flat and rounded, so that they could pick up kelp and such fodder in the manner of a pair of enormous salad spoons. There is hardly room on the Ioweroor, however, for much besides the bones of the 70-foot camarasaurus above referred to. A tingle vartebra of the neck is three feet across, and there are ten of them. They as well as those of the back, are all hollow and originally served, being filled with warm air from the lungs, as floats to support the body of the animal. Some of the most in teresting remains in the third story back are those of giant crocodiles ot the Mesozoie. Their sculls exhibit a -very interesting peculiarity, the nasal opening being set back so far as to be jnst in front of and al most between the eyes. This was a pro vision of nature to enable the creatures to breathe whilj thrusting their snouts far down into the mud, whence they polled out with their teeth mud fishcj ana inverte brate animals for food. OSK OI THB IDBSIVO XJ2TC8. Amone the curlosHiei are bones of m. newly discovered extinct bird that nsed once npon a time to dwell in Patagonia. It was not lest than ten feet high and had an enormous beak. One of the most precious relics in the whole collection is a little skull not bigger than a squirrel's. Small as it is, it has supplied to the satisfaction of the evolutionist one of the missing links in man's descent through marine worms and fishes, reptiles coming after, and mammals being developed from the latter stock in the course-of ages. Anatomists classify an imals by their teeth more accurately than in any other way, and the jaws of this small lemur, which connects the anthropoid apes, like the chimpanzee and gorilla, with beasts not so high in the scale of creation, are provided with a dentition so astonish ingly human-like that one might well imag ine the teeth to be actually those of a mina ture man. Molars and incisors are shaped and placed in exactly the same way, and the canines, two in the upper jaw and two in the lower, correspond perfectly with the human type. Right here it is worth mentioning that there has recently come from Patagonia announcement of the discovery ot a mon key of the Tertiary, which was the geologi cal period before the present or Quaternary, which is the last needed link between the lemur just described and the man-like apes. It only remains now, inorder'that the chain shall be complete, to find the link; between the anthropoid apes and man. THE LAST MISSING LINK. This is the famous missing link concern ing which so much speculation has been offered. Evolutionists assert that it will undoubtedly be found before very long. For the fact that it has not already been discovered they offer very plausible reasons. The way in which animals are preserved in fossil shape is by falling into the water and becoming imbedded In the muddy bottom. A sufficient time hat not yet elapsed for coming across the remains thus preserved of the ancestor! of the human race intermediate between the apes and the present generation. The history of the world is a story of continuous retreat of the waters from the land rivers drying up. lakes becoming shallower, and seas receding from the continents. Let it be supposed that 500,000 years ago tribes of the Missing Links lived upon the earth. Necessarily, very near all of them in dying would disappear. Not even their bones would be left. But some few would be drowned in the lake, or their bodies fall ing into the steams would be swept into the larger areas of water, becoming on occa sions entombed in the mud at their bottoms. In the course of time, the water having gone awHy, that mud is transformed into rock. It appears as dry land, and then for the first time the fossil-hunter comes along and makes his discoveries. IT WILL BE ABODND SOMETIME. Thus it will happen within a few cent uries at the farthest that missing links will be dug out from more places than one, the vanished waters having disclosed the rest ing places of their remains, and thereby will be established in its entirety the chain which connects that most wonderful of ani mals man with the bit of primordial pro toplasm from which he is sprung. One of the mos remarkable discoveries of fossils ever made is newly announced by Prof. Cope. It is a great deposit of bones of extinct birds about a small lake in the sage-brnsh desert of Central Oregon. Now, bird fossils are very hard to find, because their bones are so light and fragile as to become easily scattered, and their bodies floated when they fell into the watpr, instead of sinking and becoming buried in the mud, so that they were gob- Died up and digested oy alligators ana various other swimming animals of carniv orous inclination. But presumably be cause conditions were more favorable than usual to their preservation, the bones of the waterfowl and other feathered creatures which formejly lived about this Fossil Lake, as it is called, have been kept intact for centuries upon centuries, so that to-day there exists in that place the most wonder ful mine of such treasures that is known in the world. EVIDENCE OF CLIMATIC CHANGE. The bones are found under very unusual conditions namely scattered among the shifting sands about the shores of the lake, instead ot being contained in a matrix of solid rock. A large part of them are quite as perfect as when the fowls to which they belonged died and left them behind. Their bodies became buried in the sandy bottom, where the receding water has left them high and dry. However, there aie several inter esting points about the remains apart from the mere antiquity of the species they represent, many if which are new to the ornithologist They prove that, in the time when these birds lived, that region, now so cold comparatively, was tropical. Among the species were flamingoes. Also, mixed with the bones, are dug up arrow and spearheads chipped out of vol canic glass by human beings. The great abundance of these weapons suggests that thei must have been shot at the game, both winged and otherwise, which in former times frequented the lake. No such things arc found in the soil in the surrounding re gion. Therefore, the query offers itself, now long ago did man inhabit that part of the country? Was he a coteraporary with these anc nt birds and with the numerous extinct mammals whose remains are discov ered about the water's edge? CAMELS AND ZEBRAS IN OREGON. It was a strange collection of creatures that once gathered about this small lake in Oregon, as the bones they nave left behind them show. There were herds of horses which resembled zebras and guaggas, though whether they were striped or otherwise col ored nobody can telL Four species of camels there were, some as big as the larg. est which exist to-day, while the smallest were about the iwe of a Virginia deer. Whether they had humps or not it is im possible ta know. In those times the whole country from New Jersey to Florida, and as far west as California was over-run with camels. The farther back one gets in their history by digging for their fossils the smaller they seem to have been, just as was the case with the horse, which was no bigger than a fox originally. The "bone vnrd," as the shores of Fossil Lake are locally called, was originally dis covered by cattlemen who were looking up stock which had wandered into thia uuinvit ing region. Their attentirn was excited by the multitude of skeletons which were dis tributed around, and they carried off many of the best specimens. Subsequent explo rations by Professor Condon, of the Uni versity of Oregon, and Professor Cope, have firoduced remains of several varieties of lamas, mammoths, giant sloths as big as oxen, and ever so many other astonishing curiosities. WALKED CLUB-rOOT FASHION. This great sloth, like the megatherium, which was as big as two elepnants, and others of its kind, lumbered along with its hind leet turned inward, club-foot fashion, this structure being designed by nature to aid it in clinging to the branches of trees, on the foliage ot which it fed, pulling them up by the roo. when it was desirable. When its species lived in the Oregon desert, that section of the country was presumably a tropical garden, abloom with a luxuriant vegetation. Besides the beasts mentioned, the bone deposits show that there existed on the spot many extinct dogs, otters, beavers, pocket-gophers and meadow mice. Of birds there were, in addition to the fla mingoes, herons, loons, divers, gulls, terns, swans, cormorants, pelicans, ducks, geese, mud hens, snipe, grouse, owls, eagles and crows, in all 51 species. Two-thirds of them are now extinct Prof. Cope describes the scene in this re gion of fossils as most impressive, owing to I ita wild ripcnlnfinn Afi Tnr n, flia nvn tnn reach is the same sage-bush desert, the same watterless death-barren. Many a man has entered it never to escape from its fatal drought, especially during the first days of the overland emigration to Oregon. Rene Bach. A CITY OF PIE EATEBS. Bostonlans Have Followed the Cnstoms of Their Ancestors In One Particular. New England has often been referred to as the pie-eating district of the country, says George K. Bliss, restaurateur, of Bos ton, in the SL Louis Globe-Democrat I re member that Emerson was quoted once as haying asked the question: "What was pie made for, If it wasn't to eat?" There never has been any other section of the country where pie was said to have been so univers ally and extensively consumed as part of the early morning meal as New England, although it is reported now that New York is one of the greatest pie and cake-eating localities. As a matter of fact. New Eng land not only deserves all that has been said about her capacity for pie, but it it generally known that the consumption of pie is greatly on the increase there, and in Boston the pie-eaters are multiplying very rapidly. There is one man on Washington street, right in the midst of half a dozen big res taurants with brisk trades, who has made a barrel of money out of the pie and cake in dustry only, and in there every day & here are a 'thousand pies eaten in the two or three hours between 10 o'clock in the morn in? and 2 o'clock in the afternoon. Just think of.it! A thousand pies means about 4 4, WW ie-eaters, and this estimate is con servative. There are hundreds of men who occupy good positions down in the com mercial and financial districts of the city who go to this place every day for the noon-day repast of a glass of milk and a piece of pie, and they are all healthy and hearty. - The Moon is Changing. It is reported that the astronomers at the Lick Observatory, who have at their dis posal the largest telescope in the world, have detected certain appearances on the moon's surface whioh have never been seen before. A luminous spot, for example, which appears on one of the lunar moun tains has an exact resemblance to snow; yet the orb has always been regarded as a dead .world without atmosphere, and snow would nnaer tacn conaitioni oe lmpotiiwe. 1 VISIT TO ALASKA. Unbroken Forests Whose Fallen Monarchs Lie Ten Feet Thick. THE GREATEST QUARTZ CRUSHER, Pittshnrg and Western Pennsylvania People to Be Found There.' NATIVES MAKING SOUVENIR SPOONS rCOEBESPOSDBSCE 0 THB DISPATCH. 1 Khxisnoo, Alaska, Oct 17. Alaska is not so far away from civilization as it used to be, but it is still far enough and the battle against a feeling of exile is forever on. We came here on the City of Topeka and at Nanaimo, or Departure Bay, three miles from Nanaimo,- on Vancouver Is land, we bade farewell to steam cars, telegraph, express and frequent mails. At Departure Bay is the largest colliery on the Pacific coast The mines have been worked since 1858 and the bituminous coal is free from sulphur and leaves no cinders in the grate. ' Our roughest seas on the .journey were shipped at Queen Charlotte's Sound, where the current is 12 knots an hour. But the knocking about was soon over, and the worst esult was a good deal of sea sickness. Next come myriads of islands, some of them no larger than a suburban lot, others em pires in themselves; some of them simply jagged rocks above the surface of the watei1, omers mountains, others still lowlands cov ered with the most luxuriant growth of coniferous trees imaginable. A TEN-FOOT COATISO OT LOOS. Owing to the moisture of the atmosphere and the carpet of moss, which spreads over the entire surface, it is impossible that a forest fire should ever devastate these islands. Trees have fallen of veritable old acre for centuries probably. One can thrust a stick down through decaying logs to the depth of ten feet before reaching the real earth. The growth is so dense, and the underbrush such an impenetrable tangle, that it Is next to im possible for one, who has never seen it, to realize how difficult land traveling would be in this country. It is said, and no doubt correctly, that there are not a dozen miles of wagon road in the entire territory of Alaska. And this immense forest extending from Washington away north beyond Juneau at least is practically unbroken by an ax. At Metlakahtla we saw neatly painted houses and a schoolhouse and church. This was not a surprise, however, for the story of William Duncan and his work is known the world over. More than 40 years ago he came among the Tsimpseans of British Col umbia, and there he remained until 1887, when some grievance with the Government and interference on the part of the Church of England drove him across the border, but he brought his Deonle with him. and New Metlakahtla, on Annette Island, is now unaer tne protection ot the Stars and Stripes. Mr. Duncan still lives and man ages a sawmill, salmon cannery, buys laree stores of merchandise and preaches to his people Sunday, although his hair and beard are long since white. He found the Tsimpseans one of the most degraded tribes, but they are now recognized as the best Indians in the country. But they are not really Ineians. They are rather a Mongolian race, whoaa nrioin i shrouded in mystery. As compared with the North American' Indians, they are far more intelligent, capable and useful They deserve the distinction of being the artistic savages of the world, at their skill in wood work and gold and silver engraving, bear witness. A WESTEBJT PKXjrSYLVAiriAjr. The City of Topeka tied up at the wharf of Fort Wrangell, where Judge James Sheakley, one of the four United States Commissioners of Justice for Alaska, a Con gressman from Greenville, Mercer county, some years ago, was waiting on the wharf. I spent several hours very pleasantly with him and bis wif , discussing Western Penn sylvania and Mercer county In particular. In addition to his duties ai United States Commissioner, he is Superintendent of the Public Schools of southeastern Alaska. The City of Topeka next stopped at Ju neau. It was midnight, and the surprise of the passengers knew no bounds when they saw the city as brilliantly lighted with electrio lights as Pittsburg. Douglass City, two miles distant, also has a good electrio light plant Juneau, the metropolis of a territory equal to more than 12 States as large as Pennsylvania, has a white population of only about 1,600 and covers about as much ground a a Pennsylvania town of one-third its population. It is situated on Takou Inlet and is one of the few settlements on the mainland. It is beneath the shadow of some ol the most rugged and boldest mount ains to be seen in Alaska, and the thought that a snowslide from those mountains might occur some time sent a shudder through the visitor. Such a thing seems not impossible. Some very pretty water falls are to be seen on the mountain sides. Juneau is a mining town and doesn't differ essentially from similar towns in Colorado. It has a dozen or more stores, breweries, sa loons, hotels, restaurants, and an industry peculiar to Alaska, curio stores. A news paper, the Juneau City Mining Record, is published every Thursday, and mailed to subscribers at ?3 per year, strictly in ad vance. It epitomizes the "latest news by mail" The lollowing from one of the ad vertisements shows that the trade of the na tive papulation is not despised: "Native ladies will be courteously waited on by gentlemanly clerks, speaking their own musical language," and an N. B. states that "goods are delivered free of charge by canoe or wheelbarrow." GKEATEST QUARTZ MILL ET THE 'WORLD. At Douglas City the largest and best equipped quartz stamping mill in the world is operated. The "Treadwell" has 240 stamps, striking 96 times a minute, with a foroe of 1,100 pounds each, and crushes about 700 tons of quartz a day. Other smaller mills operate as many more stamps. The "Treadwell" stops two days in the year Fourth of July and Christmas. The ore runs about $3 62 of gold to the ton and the expenses of milling it are about $1 35. In the neighborhood of 160 men are em ployed, one of whom has lost but six days in seven years, and the monthly expenses ap proximate $30,000. I was rather surprised to see some very nice pigs in Douglas City, and the keener, catching me gazing admiringly upon'the sleek little porkers, begged to show his en tire drove ot tour grown animals and 44 pies. Originally the happy owner was a denken of the "ouldsod,".' but when he learned I was from Pittsburg he was affected almost to tears. He said it was 13 years since the day he left '.'that. ilaecnl .. " .j i ..Zi and he had "never expected to see a dog from Pittsburg, let , alone and "was the dance house and saloon on Eleventh and Liberty streets still running . hiuug n upnr.iAmfln " ..., uo in uiui uo usea to worKY l re-, gretted my inability to enlighten him and tried to compensate by 'describing the Car negie Library of Allegheny, the Court House and the new Government building, but nothing stirred his soul like a descrip tion of the dance houso and saloon would have done. Of course, he extended a cor dial invitation to irrigate;1 as they would say In Colorado or Utah. Beer is to be had at 25 cents a quart I noticed two teams of very good horses in Juneau. Probably the only horses to be seen in Alaska are the few used lor teaming purposes at Juneau and four or five about the Presbyterian mis sion at Sitka, . THE LOO BUILDINOS OF SITKA. Sitka Is the most interesting place in Alaska doubtless. It is hard to realize that it is the capital of such an extensive domain as Alaska; yet, as Alaskan towns go, Sitka is a worthy location lor the teat of govern ment The buildings of massive Togs, so suggestive to ad historic Imagination of the days of the Russian occupancy, still do duty, and appear to be substantial enough. for generations to come. The governmental offices occupy the best of them. The United S'ates steamer, the Pinta, do;ng duty in these waters, is at anchor here the greater part of the time, and has about 50 marines on board. The City of Topeka saluted her with a charge of two pounds and eight ounces. Two seal poach ers, one considerably disabled, which were captured this season, are also anchored in Sitka Bay. The most interesting Greek Church In the New World is the one here. Outside of Alaska there are but two in the United States, one of which is at San Francisco. The Russian Government is expending about ?C5,000 per annnm to support the church in Alasta, and Its lobbyists are in washing ton now working for an appropriation, on the plea of the education and civilizing work d ne by it It is hardly likely thai they will be successful. Salvation in this Greek Church depends, npon baptism, and the money paid to its support The charges for baptism are from Jo up. In one church of which the writer has knowledge mem bers are ticketed to heaven at death. That is, a paper certifying to his baptism and financial subscription in support of the church, addressed to St. Peter, is placed in i the band ot each corpse, and buried with him, the presentation of which is supposed to admit bim to heaven. This practice originally prevailed at Sitka, but was so ridiculous that it has fallen into desuetude. Durinsr the Russian days a theological seminary was maintained at Sitka, and many of the priests officiating in the Territory to-day were trained in it, but long since it was removed to1 Kam chatka. THEY HAVE SOUVENIB SPOOKS. The souvenir spoon craze is taken advan tage of in Alaska, and excellent specimens, attesting the skill of the natives, who ham mer them out of pieces of silver money, are to be had in Sitka. The handle usually represents the "totem pole," which has been so often described. The trade iu them with tourists is so considerable, however, that Lieutenant Frederick Schwatka has associated with him a Sitka merchant, Mr. E. DeGroff, in their manufacture and sale. The Protestant population of Sitka wor ship in the Presbyterian Church. The most extensive mission in the Territory is located jiere, and Is under the control of the Presby terian Board of Home Missions About 140 boys and girls, gathered from all sections of Alaska, from Point Barrow, the extreme northern mainland of the continent, to Met lakahtla, on the southern border, from Dan to Beershebn, so to speak, are being in structed in the trades and occupations neces sary to civilized living in the industrial training school connected with the mis sion. The only museum of Alaskan curiosities which we saw is also owned by the Mission. Its collection from the Eskimos of Kotzebul Sound, on the Artio Ocean, presented by Rev. Sheldon Jackson, D.D.,is particularly rich. This collection was made by Dr. Jackson in 1890, when visiting that region in the discharge of his official duties as United States Agent of Education for Alaska. E. M. Calvis. E0W THEY 001 A'PBZACHJJB. The Bnslneu-Ilke Methods of a Congrega tion In Illinois. St. Louis Globe-Democrat. In one of the flourishing Illinois towns between here and Chicago, there is a con gregation that, a year or two back, lost its pastor. Of course the people wanted another as soon as they could get one, but they were a little particular about the man, and no end of discussion ensued as to what kind ot preacher they really wanted. After they had talked about the matter till they were tired of tha subject, they turned the whole business over to a prominent mem ber, a deacon or elder, or whatever they called him, and told him to look round and get a preacher. Ue was a good business man; and went about the job in a thoroughly characteristic fashion. He wrote to Chicago to the editor of a church paper, there Jo send him the names and address of clergymen who would Srobably suit, and soon received half a ozen. Then, be sat down and wrote to a prominent commercial agency, forwarding the list of names, telling what he wanted, and directed that the record of the men be looked up and sent to him. In course of time he received an answer, giving per sonal descriptions of each one, telling where each served last and how the people liked him, what salaries he had received, what kind of sermons he preached, what sort of pastor he was, and in what line of church work he excelled. From the data thus furnshed he picked out a likely man, cor responded with him, and finally secured his services. I do not suppose the preacher ever found out how he came to be selected, but he is giving satisfaction, and what more could be expected. A SPfCuXVTOE 07 KE2YU. The Long Chance In Which Suicide Evans Took Great Delight. St. Louis Globe-Democrat. 'Nervy" Evans, who committed snicide up in New Hampshire last week, well de served his name. He took longer chances than any man who ever played the stock market, and came out on top as often as he got the worst end of it. If a stock was being beared, "Nervy" made it his particu lar game, and the harder the crowd pounded i it the better he seemed to like It. He had no confidence in the manipulations of a stalk by the big fellows, and always dis counted their efforts to make it respond to their assaults. He would just as soon go up against Gould as anybody else, and when he lost by it would remark, philanthropic ally, that he had learned something, any way. "When "Napoleon" Ives started out to buy the Baltimore and Ohio, with wind as security, "Nervy" thought it a great scheme and put up (25,000 to help the thing along. Then he began to bull Baltimore and Ohio, and during the stimulating effect of the bluff made by Ives and the others in the deal he made a big pile of money. When the Baltimore and Onio scheme fell through, "Nervy" got his $25,000 back and had cleaned up twice as much more. He was in a good many deals of this kind, and If a man had a long-chance scheme be first went to "Nervy" with It. If "Nervy" wouldn't take hold nobody else would. His suicide was a surprise because he was usually genial and light-hearted. His schemes robbed him of his reason and he took the easiest way out. ONE OP THE B4BZ METALS, It Is Found to Be Useful In tha Manufacture of Heavy Gnns. Chamber'Jonrnal.J , Those withonly an elementary knowledge of chemistry are aware that there are more than 40 recognized metals. A large number of these can only be regarded as curiosities of the , laboratory, for there is no specific use for them; indeed, they are found in no ure in such minute quantities that some of hem are far more precious than gold. Among these rare metals is wolfram or tungsten, a use for which has been found since guns of enormous calibre came into vogue. It is unfortunately a matter of common knowledge that these guns are liable to fracture; but it has been found that by adding a very small Dercentage of tungsten to the fine steel of which the inner lining is made, an elasticity is conferred upon the metal which it did not possess before, go that it will bear expansion and contraction under heavy charges without giving way, Tunst;n is a white metal of very brittle quality, and its specific gravity is only a trifle 'less than that of gold. Baby's Gam. Harper's YonnjE People "Son ought to see our baby play,' 1 said dlmmy, proudly. "What can a six months' old baby nlav?" uked JT reddle. "BtvV'lMCWlJlMsjjl UwMiiw' ?w WErrrKX for JBST ZEZDG--AJR FAWCBTT, Author of "The House at High Bridge," "Romance and Reverie," "The Adventures of a Widow," numerous songs and poems and several plays. BTNOPSIS OF PBEVIOTJS CHAPTERS. Tho story opens with a ball Alonzo Lispenard has given In his palatial residence ta honor of his betrothed, Kathleen Kennalrrt, the danshter of a cold and calculating mothen In the midst of the festivities, Alonzo's Dncle Crawford arrive and Inform hira that by the rascality of a member of his firm who ins Just committed snicide. his immense fortune has been swept away. After the ball Alonzo Informs his sister, Jfr. Van Santvoord. a frivolous society woman whobxssetnpartan allowance for herhnsbnnd on condition that he leave her freo to enjoy society without his company. Tho news almost prostrates Mrs. Van Santvoord. At her home, Alonzo and her husband. Hector, quarrel, the Utter claim ins Alonzo's nezlect of the buines made the defalcation possible, lira. Van Santvoord restores peace nnil Alonzo eoes back to his home to meditate. After learning the worst Alonzo visits Kathleen nnd thinks ho observes a coldnea in fter manner. A few days later he reqnosts bis clo-e friend, Philip Lexinzton. to ask "Kathleen her re.il Jeelinss. Philip turns on him, and Alonzo discovers that all Philip's retrard for Mm vanihed with bis fortnne. Desperate. ho visit-Kathleen. Mrs. Kennatrd meets him and snys Kathleen is 111, and, furthermore, that the engagement must bo broken. In a rae Alonzo c ills Kathleen, who comes to him. avnwinr love and constancy. But Mrs. Konnai-it exercises a kind of mesmerism over her d msrh'er and rorces her to repulsn Alonzo. When affairs nro finally adjusted it is found that Alonzo and his sistor have $C,0O3 a veironch. Alonzo set apart half of his for his sister. Jnst at tills point Alonzo's frien-1, Eric Thviter. confidant of the Kiug of Saltmna. offers him the position of art superintendent for the realm. Alonzo accepts and coes to Saltravta. Meanwhile Kathleen, disgusted with herself for repulsing; Alonzo, with her mother for her mercenary motives, and with society for its hypocrisy, re solves to sell liar Jewels to pay off her mother's debt9 and then take her to Stuttgart to live a quiet and economical life. She srys sha will never marry. Alonzo Is greeted cor dially by the Kln ofSiltravia, and finds It Indeed a realm of beautv. Acthsclsj of his first day there the Princess of BrlndUt, mother of the Kin?, whom Erio calls the most in solent and arrogant woman In Europe, arrives on a visit to the palace. CHAPTER "vTX It was indeed true that King Clarimond had obruptly received tidings which told him his mother had just crossed the Saltra vian frontier. Between the Princess and himself relations of a most frosty character had existed for several years. Few people, however, remained long on good terms with the Princess. Her disposition was now merely overbearing; it brimmed with all the worst bigotries of the Dark Ages, and to say of her that she believed In the "divine rights ot kings" would have been mildly to express her mental savagery. The course of her son and only child, Clarimond, had almost maddened her since his accession to the throne. She had detested his father, her first husband, tha Archduke Conrad, and in Clarimond she saw the paternal traits accentuated, made more hideous, more nauseating. Conrad had presumed In her presence to air his loathsome republican lf Ip jH wjs. Ila I Mi XScP fliV .iSCM r3tofO Mr f ?:Y&PTfr''& -i5r3? (l J ro SHEEE ARK TTJIE3 WHEf I HOBBUTT atTSEIiT. doctrines, and his early death had seemed to her like a, heavenly vengeance for such audacity. Harrying soon afterward an old Italian Prince of great wealth and extreme conserva tism, she again became a widow before It even vaguely entered her head that the son whom she had left with his tutors and guar dians, in Saltravia. stood the re motest chance of being King. The Princess adored Italy, and shrank from the cares of motherhood. Besides, were not Conrad's people taking charge of the boy and his enormous fortune? But suddenly, when the sick old King lost his heir by a lightning-stroke of disease, and when only two other lives could be counted on between himself and the succession, Bildegarde, Princess of Brindisi, began to feel her spirit dilate with a haughty hope. For those two other heirs had they not been sickly from their cradles, and was not one of them a fragile girl with a pulmonary ill of stubborn menace? The girl died within a year after her brother, and the old King, who deeply loved her, became almost on imbecile through this double bereavement. Then tidings were brought the Princess In Naples that her son might soon inherit the rule of Saltravia, as both the reigning monarch and his last-left ohild were at the poi.it of death. It was now that she hurried to btrown child, whom she had seen only at Intervals, and in a bored, perfunctory way, during the past decade. But Clarimond, taking the reins of gov ernment t an age wnen nis wrists were quite sinewy enough to bold them, had no sympathy with his mother's diotates and desires. To the Princess his views, his ten dencies, his avowals were a mingled amaze ment and disgust. "I am covered with remorse and shame," she wonld say to her intimates, "that this rebel against all the most sacred customs and precedents of royalty should actually be my sonl He will bring Saltravia to the verge of ruin: he will infuriate the Em peror; he will compromise himself past remedy, and plunge me into untold embar rassments." Her new position had caused her to sur round herself with a suite of ladies and gen tlemen in waiting. There are always peo ple ready to play sycophants for those on whom a throne has cast its shadow, and if she had ohosen to organize a political party in opposition to her son the task would not have been difficult. But, in spite of her in dignant disapproval, she shrank from such a course. After all, though a cousin twice removed of the Emperor whom she so pro fessed to venerate, her new greatness had come to her from Clarimond alone. For a good while .she remained 'in Saltravia, treated with faultless though somewhat sar castic deference by the son whom she had so long neglected, and then, angered into hvsteria by his new intimacy with a young adventuring American architect, who waa to demolish all the old time hallowed struct ures and rear horrible brand new ones in their place, she gathered her little house hold about her and fled to, her beloved Italy. The King, who had remained courteous as he pas obdurate, simply shrugged his shoulders at her departure, and breathed a long sigh of relief. "She is Incorrigible, he said to Erie, "and I find ber as hard to arguo with as it she had been a fieure that had stenned forth from one of my nreclous bits of antians I I . .. s . . . . I tpe7i oou on mm iu aos wnsu i jjastuasaaaasj sw assxjssa m, mm isbjw the dispatch never annoyed me by her curious, worav eateii prejudices, and 'I shall write her reg ularly, ouee a month, letters full of the most duteous filial sentiments." This resolve Clarimond faithfully carried out The Princess, meanwhile, though she had retreated, had not given up her battle. She was secret jy agitated byadreadthaS her son would make some terrible demo cratic marriage, for he had already shocked her by asserting that he thought morganatia onions revolting and even criminal, and there was no written law in his little realm against a sovereign wedding whomsoever ha chose. Eepeatedlv, of late months, the Princess had written her intention of coming to sea the new palace. Her son had given courte ous assent to this arrangement, while in wardly groaning at the parade of ceremony and punctilio which it would be certain to engender. Now, at last, after -many false alarm, a telegram bad abruptly come to him, stating that she had reached a small town about three miles distant, and there) awaited his presence. It was then a littlo after nightfall. The King, who was just 2 seating himself at dinner, gave a despairing sigh. There seemed to him the most studied kind of mischief In this entire proc .-ding. But, ot oourse, ber entrance into the king dom, after so long an absence, must be greeted with due and prompt honors. As for honors military, these, at such an hour, were next to impossible. A cortege of royal coaches, and a fairly copious escort the an noyed Clarimond soon caused to be pre pared. But as a consequence of what sha chose to consider his mortifying rudeness, the Princess was driven to the palace in oust of her most supercilious furies. At first, during the homeward drive, she wonld scarcely speak to her son. Beside her sat a beautiful young girl of a verypro nonnced blonde type, named Biancad' Este, allied to the illustrious race who bear that name. The Princess had recently induced thia young lady to become her chief companion, and with that motive it was only too plain. In one of her recent letters to Clarimond she had openly nritten: "I have added to my household the most charming of girls, Bianca d' Este. In lineage she is your equal, for her blood is not merely royal but very ancient as well I should love to see her seated at your side on the throne of Saltravia; and it is high time you married, as you must surely admit." Clarimond was not the man to be either coerced or counselled on matrimonial ques tions. He had never yet seen the woman whom he would have taken any great joy In making his wife, but he had seen four or five who might, even to his fastidious taste, hay worn the crown of queenly consort vitn satlslying distinction. As he now let his eye rest on Bianca d' Este's plump yet dignified figute and creamy, pink-and-white face, he felt no stir of interest whatever. She was undoubtedly a handsome girl, but behind such a look as hers there could not lie the intelligence which alone makes woman's beauty other wise than a mere pastime ot the senses to men; and our young King was a man who bad never shown his senses very much respect, a fact which something in the silvery gray of his eyes and in the lines of his clear-moulded ciin went strongly to prove. Meanwhile, as the great state carriage rolled onward through the mellow summer darkness, aud by the rays of the outside lamps which illumed it he could distinctly view this young Italian lady, he told himself, almost with weariness, that if his mother should insist and importune after that fashion of doing both in which she so notably excelled, he might yield t j her and let the cherished nuptials really take place. The Princess of Brindisi was a woman who rarely kept silent even from sulkiuess, longer than ten minutes at a time. Before the journey had been half accomplished she broke in unon-a civil commonplace which her son was addressing to Bianca. So filled with bitterness were her words that Blanca's mild waxen eyelids lowered themselves as if In gentle sorrow. The King heard and bit his lips. '1 might have had a larger guard of soldiers to greet you' he said, "if your coming had not been so precipitate and unexpected." "Precipitate! Unexpected!" echoed the Princess, with the tips of her lips. "And a King speaks that way to his motherl On might fancy, Clarimond, that some member of the petite noblesse no, of even the com mon, vulgar nerd itseit lately raised to power had vrttented this citeousezcusci' - .. ... - . . - .. "j. 014 sot sscia lot as txu," ij - . -YMWsrtfrfffa kf-MlMLii BSBBEj;;Jg'fl&'s3fi.isrotfil,i-lfc8Hlfcgi I ,-
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers