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THE PITTSBURG-' DISPATCH, THURSDAY, OCTOBER 1, 189L
12
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I
THE POWER OF AIR.
In Compressed Form It Is Already a
Rival of Electricity. V
APPLICATIONS OP IT IS PARIS.
JlacMncrjand Br.ilway Cars Run j Hand
Clocks Regulated.
0TI1ER WOXDEKS OP THE XEW SCIENCE,
Tew York, Sept. SO. If Engineer Kob
ert Gillhaai, of Aldricli Court, be correct in
Ills observations compressed air will shortly
he in the field in opposition to electricity
as one of the revolutionizing forces of this,
century. He has just returned from an ex
tended sojourn in Paris, where he made a
thorous'n study of the compressed air sys
tem of that metropolis.
The stories that Mr. Gillham brings bsck
border upon the marvelous. The new dy
namic agent, according to his report, has
within an almost incredibly short time
fairly revolutionized many lines of indnstry
in the gay French capital. It is at this
moment propelling surface cars with un
equaled eare, furnishing motive power for
a multiplicity of uses, running 10,000 clocks
with absolute simultaneity and preserving
meats of all kinds.
Of the multiplied uses to which the inge
nious and inventive Frerichmen have ap
plied compressed air, and of the develop
ment they "hare made in means of creating
and distributing it, Sir. Gillham speaks as
an enthusiast.
WONDERS OF THE SCIENCE.
"I was simply amazed," said he in talk
ing of his work, "at the progress made in
the application of the comparatively new
s-cieuce. Why, in a refricerator about 15
feet .square I found the bodies of a man and
woman who had lain there 13 months, and
in both the flesh ot the body and face were
in ns good condition as immediately after
death. I was informed that the bodies were
being kept for the medical university."
One fact of importance noted bv Sir. Gill
ham on his visit was the preparation Paris
engineers arc making bv means of com
pressed air with a view to averting the ter
rors of another seige such as was experi
enced in 187L Kelrigerator sta ions can in
anemergency be made to contain enough
food to last i'aris for over a year.
-'Ilefore accepting the invitation of Mr.
Victor Popp to visit the great central sta
tion," said the eneineer, "my time was oc
cupied bv personal visits to numerous con
sumers, with the view of discovering the
various uses of compressed air in Paris, its
ndvantaees and disadvantages, and
especially to learn how the consumers felt
regarding its use atter having much ex
perience with it.
ENGINES RUN BY AIK.
"At a very large cafe on Avenue de
l'onera I saw some interesting applications.
A 2." horse-power engine, which was for
merly operated by steam, is now run by
compressed air. The pressure in the street
main at this point registered six atmos
pheres. Near the engine in the pipe is ar
ranged a pressure-reducing valve, which
can be adjusted to any pressure. In this
cne the air was reduced from six atmos
pheres to four atmospheres. From the re
daction valve the air is conducted to a small
coke radiating device made from cast-iron,
IS inches in diameter.
"The heater is a hollow cylinder, having
vertical di isions, the central hollow space
being 12 inches in diameter, w ith a small
iver on top. Arouhd and outside this
space, in which the coke is burnt, is ar
ranged a series of vertical spaces betwcea
the lire space and the outside sheil.
"Ihe air is introduced into this space at
normal temperature of air in the street
mains is earned upw ard through the first
vertical di isiou or chamber to the top of
the heater, w here it passes into a second
chamber or division, then downward
through this to the bottom of the heater,
where it passes into the third chamber or
division, aud thus the process of leading the
air up and down throush the various verti
cal divisions of the heater, numbering ten
divisions in this case, is continued until the
nir has secured a creatly increased tempera
ture, due to contact with the interior heated
mrface of the divisions or chambers ot the
heatcr,the degret of temperature depending
upon the character of the fire maintained in
the heater.
THE MODE Of OPERATION.
"The air is then conducted to the engine,
vhcre it operates exactly as steam. The
crgiae is connec;ed w ith a dynamo, which
generates all the electricity used in lighting
the premises of one or two neighbors. Elec
tric accumulators are ar anged in an adjoin
ing room next the engine room of capacity
sufficient to furnish light for two days. In
case any failure occurs in the engine, dyn
amo or air lisht can be provided.
"The exhaust air is taken Irom the engine
and conducted to a refrigerator of consider
able size, in which are arranged meats of all
kinds, game aud vegetables. The tempera
ture in the refrigerator is never above 40.
It is, however, arranged in two compart
ments. In one the temperature is main
tained at or near the freezing point and the
other above it
"I was inlormed that by increasing the
air pressure and using the same pressure in
the engine as that maintained in the street
jaain six atmospheres he had witfi the
exhaust air manufactured 2u0 pounds of ice
per day. Table bottles filled with water
Mere arranged in order in the refrigerator
and the water frozen solid, and whep ice
water is needed in the cafe they are placed
on the table. Here is a list of the various
applications of compressed air in the city
of Pane:
-rri.TCATIO.-S OK TOE AIR.
Force 401 motors, representing 1,837 horse
power and 1.108 kilojrrameters.
Iteliigeraiorsand cold rooms 1S5 horse
power. Electricity 17,559 incandescent lamps and
lt arc lamps.
Clock service About 10 CH) clocks.
Canalized public roads lor distribution of
compressed air, .Iul 1. 1S9J: Total length of
Jipe, 125 miles Up to April 1, 1S91, there is
si total length of pipe distributing com
yn etsed air for pow -r pui pises of CO miles
and for clock service 05 miles.
.Motive Power Medical applications, air
Ttaths, medical elect uclty, electric light
dental apoaiatus. clt vntors, prinders, pipes,
raising of liquids, manipulation of wines and
lira wine of beer, wringing machines, 6ewlns
machine, embroiderv machines, machines
for hashing ineat-., etc. ice machines, miws,
grindstone printing and press machines,
cucnlar saws for Ivory, cabinet making,
Joirinir, cardbnard nwvjfacturinsr, packing,
jiinuldinc. marble, etc. Lathe' Saw. polish
inir lathe, repulsing lathe crystal lathe, cork
li'.ttc, meerschaum mauufactunng ana bil
liard balls, etc
Other appuat!o'i Dynamo, feather-dyeing
macr.'na. tapping machines, cardboards,
fcliarpenicj machines, clipping macliinc,
furnace blowing pump pape- waters, smell
ing iracliiue. (Traveling machines, coiToe
bunilng machines. Iace-inakimj machines,
Ftmm pumps, cilding machines, nickeling
machines, umbrellas, chains, boiin.j
srac!iiiie-, cleansing machine, wearing
innchln-s, pill pres,.-eltzer-water machines,
n'lvcrtisement'!, coffee grinders, copper-
rcitli's wot ks, transmission of telegrams
combs, cylinder ciaiiufncturtng. stamping,
turbine. "ardlnr. 'c
Ite'riee:tit!on; Ventilation and Cold Iioouis
rieMTvat.oi) of the dead, ivrctherapy,
rreat 1 frieritlO!i. elc.
Elrcinsltv Municipal service, electric
lis lis, nejie-s, concert hallo, newspapers,
etc.
AX ALMOST PERFECT AGEST.
"Con-pressed air is unquestionably apcr
fo : -agent for the transmission of time indi
cations an 1 records, because of this applica
tion the pulsation of central located clock
can be transmitted to an indefini c number
of clocks in different parts of the city with
rapidity and accuracy, which pulsations
iictuaf.-- the local clocks by means of most
ti tuple devices. There are two central
pendulum clocks, one in use; the other is
lis J only in case of accident, and the oper
ating cl"o"k. Trese are operated by means
of s If-windicg gears and weights; thus
there is no possibility of forgetting to tend
the central clock.
"Twice every minute at 20 seconds and
at 60 seconds the clock automatically opens
the valve communicating with the receiver
described, permitting the discharge of the
contained air in the receiver to one and one
half pounds. In less than 20 seconds the
air thus liberated has reached 10,000 clocks
and forced upward a small valve at each
clock, by which the hands of the clocks are
made to'move forward one minute;the valve
that liberated the air is then automatically
closed and the reducing valve opened, and
the receiver again charged with air, ready
for the next discharges "until the operation
is continued.
"The location of the clock, though it may
be at the most remote part of the system,
makes no difference, the hand is advanced
with those on other clocks. In order to ac
tuate the 10,000 clocks on the system, three
cubic meters.of 35.3 cubicfeet of compressed
air, at ten pounds pressure per square inch,
is used per minute. It can be noted that
about 5,000 clocks could be operated as well
bv the same expenditure of air. After the
clocks have thus been actuated by the air
it is allowed to escape from the pipes, which
usually requires 38 seconds.
THE BIG MAIN STATION.
"I next visited the large compressing sta
tion, wherein can be found the history of
this wonderful and most complete air-com-presSing
system in the various designs of
machinery, showing a progressive improve
ment and a development in the efficiency of
the system as experience was gained and
the field of application broadened.
"This great system found its origin in a
small pneumatic clock system established
by Mr. Popp in 1880 in Rue St, Anne, quite
near the commercial center of Paris. The
success of the undertaking and the con
sequent growth of the system compelled the
establishment of a new and lar.er central
compressing station, which was erected in
the Eue St. Fargeau, nearly five miles from
the Chamber of Deputies, in the eastern
portion of the city, called Belleville.
"We first entered the old compressing
room, where two single horizontal and one
beam compressing engine wew pointed out,
which, up" to a little less than tiiree years
ago, furnished all the air required in the
servic". Xow there are ten large cross com
pound condensing engines operating 20 com
pressors, representing 5,000 horse-power,
which by next February will be increased
with the new plant to 17,000 horse-power.
'After compression the air is forced at a
pressure varying from 5 to C atmospheres
into a series of iarge wrought iron receivers
or accumulators arranged longitudinally
along the building in front of the com
pressors. As the front or street end of the
building is approached receivers are placed
higher, affording opportunity for the free
ing of water from the air before taking it
into the street mains.
SUCCESSFUL MOTOR SYSTEM.
"We made au examination of the Me-
karski compressed air motor system, which
is being successfully operated and has been
in actual use for several years at Mantes,
France.
"The gauge of the track in Paris is 4 feet
!) inches; the rails are the grooved pattern.
The lenqth of the track (single), including
branch line, is about four miles, with a very
great number of curves and excessive
grades about 8 feet in 100. The motors are
similar to an ordinary street car, haying a
deck roof, upon which seats are arranged
for passengers as well as seats inside the
motor car, no seating capacity being occu
pied by motor appliances.
"The engines operating the motor are or
slide valve design, protcctod from dust by
means of an apron and a dust pipe compart
ment below the seats of the car. By rais
ing the apron by the side of the car the en
gines are exposed and can be examined if
desired. Under the floor of the car attached
to the frames are suspended a series of nine
air receivers the air being used from the
first three to make the down trip, and from
the second three for the return trip, the
other three bciug charged with air, which
can'be used should emergency require.
"These receivers are connected with a
small but round reheating device 20 inches
in diameter arranged in the forward plat
form of the motor, in which is arranged a
reduction valve and pressing gauge control
ling the pressure of air used in the engine.
Each set of receivers has independent
throttling valves. The total weight of the
motor is 10 tons, without passengers,' and it
can scat 50 of the latter."
Mr. Gillham gives it as his opinion, after
an extended study, that compressed air is
already a formidable competitor of the cable
and electricity as a means of surface tran
sit. E00M POB TBAPFIC.
lllrcrmen Fai or the Proposed Bridge, but
Under Conditions.
Captain AV."W. O'Xeil said yesterday that
the opposition of the river operators to the
jiroposcd Twenty-second street bridge
should not be misconstrued. He, for one,.
had no objection to the construction of the
bridge. On the contrary, he thought it was
a necessity; it would lessen the hauling dis
tance between that end of the south city
and the city proper, and it would be a good
property. "What the rivermen protested
against was tbe undue and unnecessary in
terference with the waterway of the bridge
as at present planned. Thi law regulated
the manner in which rivers should be
spanned. The designers of this proposed
bridge sought to disregard the law by not
allowing due passage lor river craft. The
design could be altered to suit all require
ments by increasing the cost, and this
should be done, and would be-done if the
rivermen had any strength left. He thought
Colonel Merrill would report against the
design as it now was; and would see that the
river traffic was not interfered with.
Ho Not Agree With Judge Ewlng.
It isn't likely that many people will be
found in the borough of Esplen who will
agree with Judge Ewing that it should be
merged with McKee's Kecks. Mr. J.
Schmid states that borough government if
honestly conducted cannot be expensive in
Esplen. It has no streets to keep in order,
save a few, all combined less than a mile in
length, for the main one is kepi in order by
the street railway company and the turn
pike company. As street-making usually
costs about as much as all other municipal
government and frequently much more,
Espleu ought to grow fat. It has some
board walks to maintain, a school and a con
stable and that is aboul all the government
expenses entailed. On the other hand the
expense of street maintainance in McKee's
Itocks, if it ever became a borough will be
the important item. Therefore the streets
have swallowed stone with apparently little
benefit, but this year's covering bids fair to
last for some lime.
Few Temedies, after GO years' trial and
constant use, retain their position as th
best: yet such is the case with Dr. D.
Jayne's Tonic Vermifuge. "Whether as a
tonic or slrcngthencr in dyspepsia in adults,
or the indinestion and derangements of the
stomach in children, it is simply invalua
ble; and as a Worm Kemedy it is one of
the most safe and best Sold by all drug
gists. BLAINE.
Free Trains Every Day.
Get work, secure a home, make an in
vestment in the future great Monqngahela
Valley town. For tickets, maps', price
lists and full particulars, call on
ClIAKLES SOMEKS & CO.,
129 Fourth aveuui
baloon Keepers, Attention.
If you desire to please your customers and
thereby increase your business yon should
sell the beer, ales" and porters made by the
Iron Citv Brewing Company. Te'ephoae
1186. ' . MThssu
An Easy Matter
To find what will 'become your children in
the matfer of dress and at the same time be
come your pocketbook. Come to Gustfy's
and see the finest assortment of clothing for
the little ones ever brought to Pittsburg.
Gusky?s.
WARTIME APPLE JACK
The Fiery Kind That Was Found
Throughout the Old Dominion.
COUNTING 1ft THE ENEMY'S LAKD.
Some
of tlie Susceptible and Soldier
Wedded Virginia Girls.
INCIDENTS DUEING 1S64 AND 1S63
During the war a few Union soldiers were
married to Southern girls, sirys a writer in
the Baltimore American. In our company
Jacob Henderson (married & girl at Beverly,
W. Va., and Will C. Amos married one in
London county, Virginia. On the night of
December 17, 1804, when encamped Tiear
Winchester, Va., a German boy named
Henry, member of the First Battalion of
our regiment the Fourteenth Pennsylva
nia Cavalry came into our company and
inquired for, Captain Duff, the Commander,
whp was a minister before the war. Henry
wanted to get married. He was a raw re
cruit and knew but little Ennlisk. He had
been detailed tt guard a house occupied by
a family which rented a small farm, and
while doing guard duty had fallen in love
with the farmer's only daughter, a girl
about 18. He said the girl had promised to
marry him. He did not see Captain Duff,
as there was some excitement in the com
pany that evening over the loss of some of
our company, who were waylaid by Mosby's
command.
Early in the morning of that day Captain
Miles, commander of Company I, was
ordered to take charge of a scouting expedi
tion, and move toward Ashby's Gap. A
few men from each company of the regiment
were detailed for the occasion. If ear Mill
wood, six miles from Berryville, Va.,
Mosby's men, who were hid in the woods,
pounced upon Captain Miles and his men.
They killed 12, wounded 19 and took all
prisoners. Curt Pontious, of our company,
who made his escape to tell the story, came
into camp riding a horse of one of Mosby's
men. Pontious was covered with blood. He
had a large saber cut on his head. After
Pontious had surrendereu, giving up ma
weapons and horse, somehow he managed to
knock the guard out of his saddle, jump on
the guard's horse and make his escape.
Captain Miles was among the killed. He
was a handsome man, and as brave as a lion.
His remains were sent home to his father,
Judge Miles, of Eric, Pa.
The next day Henry was ordered to re
port to his command and get ready for a
march. He had to postpone his marriage
until if ew Year's Day.
A LAND OF CORN ASD APPLE JACK.
On the morning of the 19th the whole
cavalry corps, commanded by General Tor
bert, started towards Gordonsville, Va. The
corps was made up of four divisions. Most
of this cavalry was from the Army of the
Potomac It was sent to the valley a
few months before. On our march we
passed through Chester Gap, and on the
night of the 20th we encamped in Bap
pahannock county, Va. As we had no
wagon train, we depended on the country
for feed. Each regiment marched by
twos; some regiments did not keep closed
up. As there were fully 15,000 men in this
corps more cavalry than I ever saw before
marching in one column it took from early
morning until the middle of the afternoon
for the line to pass by us. Six from our
regiment who had gone out alter corn had
to wait nearly all day before our company
came, as it was in the rear of the line.
"While we were waiting I noticed a lot of'
men who were drunk. This country was a
land of corn and apple jack. I did not
notice a drunken officer in the whole corps.
The drunken men were all privates. Many
of them were tied to their horses. They ap
peared to be in a good humor, and those
who were not too drunk to sing sang their
favorite song:
"We'll all drink stone hllnd,
Johnnie, fill up the bowl."
Mosby's men followed after the rear
guard. In one way Mosby's command was
a help to our army. It kept our men from
straggling. That night we encamped near
Madison Court House.
TVAKTED TO BE PP.EE.
"Where in thunder did you come from?
"What do you want? Can't you keep your
big feet out of my frying pan?" said a sol
dier that night, as he lay on the ground
wrapped up in a blanket, to an old colored
man who came through the woods to our
camp, stumbling over saddles, naversacss
and frying pans.
The old colored man said: "I wants to
see de boss ob de Linkum sojers. I wants to
git free."
"Free?" said the soldier. "Why, man,
you are already free."
The old colored man said: "Ise free, is I?
Is my wife, Lizer, mv chil'n and gran'chil'n
free?"
"Yes," said the soldier, "you are all free,
for on the first day of January, 18G3. Abra
ham Lincoln with a quill pen broke the fet
ters which held 4,000,000 slaves."
Early the next morning, the 22d, we left
Madison Court House. The day was clear
and cold, and a stiffbreeze was in our faces.
Our regiment was one of the advance regi
ments. We galloped our horses through
the fields and skirmished with the enemy
for 20 miles. At Liberty Mills, on the Bap
pahannock river, the enemy took a stand,
and skirmished with pur division for oyer
an hour. Our division withdrew and en
camped behind a hill. Firing ceased on our
side of the river, but the enemy kept throw
ing shells over our camp, and now and then
a spent bullet would drop among us. We
knew that the enemy had not men enough
to drive ns back; therefore wc were not un
easy. General Torbert sent a division to
cross the river some miles above Libertv;
Mills. It was to move down on the south
side of the river, close to where we had th
i: !-1. A 4l ! .& 1 1 1
BJiJiuiibjj. .nuruss me jiver bluuu u large
brick farm house. Some of the soldiors
went there for fjourf but found it deserted.
After we went into camp Henry and some
other boys also went for flour.
Soldiers often had orders read to them not
to take anything from a house. Once a sol
dier who belonged to our brigade was
dmmmed out of the service for stealing sil
verware. Another, who stole a book, ras
made to eat part of it A boy in our com
pany took a bee-hive and carried it in frpnt
of him on his horse for ten miles. The next
morning the boys had plenty of honey and a
few bee stings. " The boys called "taking
things confiscating. (
RUNNING A RISK FOR HIS GIRL, j
When Henry went to this house for flour,
which we weie allowed to take, as we hnd
no wagon train, and our rations had givfcn
out, his eyes rested on a red quilt, which He
thought would make a nice present for hs
sweetheart. He put the quilt under his ami,
mounted his horse and started back to his
company. He knew that it would not do to
let any of the officers see him with the quilt
He thought he would go around a hill and
leach his company without being noticed,
aud then he could wrap it up in his rubber
blanket. But in going around the hill the
enemy's sharpshooters got sight of the red,
quilt and sent a shower of bullets after him.
He was a little too far away to be hit; but as
this washis first fight, he was scared half to,
death: but he held on to the quilt. f
Juat at twilight that evening we heard
musketry. It was the division which Gen- j
oral Toiliert had sent up the river some'
hours before. His men had come down on
the south side of the riyer. From where wet
stood, on the top ot a niu, it was a Deautiful
sight to see the flashes from the guns. The,
enemy gave way and our men captured
manv nrisoners and four pieces of artillery I
We returned to Madison Court House the
next day. The next morning we started for
Winchester by way of Warrenton, Pied
mont and Ashby's Crap. That being the
day before Christmas, some of the bovs
looked after theiR apple-jack, but didn't
find much. On Christmas Eve, when pass
ing a large house in Culpeper county, a
soldier yelled, "Appe-;ack in the cellar!"
A rush was made tor thj cellar, where there
were about a dozen barrels. Hundreds of
canteens were soon filled There was no
time to stop and taste (he juice, and some
of them did not find out'what they had in
their canteens until they' caught up with
their companions. A few got apple-jack,
others got cider and more got vinegar.
STOPPED A REGIMENT FOR A CHEW.
The next morning (Christmas) it was
snowing, but the boys were cheerful. When
we were saddling our horses a soldier,
known as "Crazy Jake," came into our
company and asked for a chew of tobacco.
Tire soldier pointed to a Colonel at the head
of the regiment in the lead of a column,
and said: "That Colonel is a clever fellow.
He chews the best weed in the .market"
Crazy Jake galloped his horse across a
meadow toward tne place, and made a mo
tion for the Colonel to stop. The Colonel,
thinking that Jake was an orderly and had
a message from the General, halted his regi
ment. As soon as Jake cot in speaking distance.
the Colonel asked Jake what he wanted.
Jake said: , "Colonel, have you any good
chewing tobacco?"
We arrived at Winchester on the night of
tha 27th, and went into camp. New Year's
morning, 1865, was clear and cold. Most of
the soldiers went to work building winter
quarters. We called our camp "Camp Bus
sell." It was named after the gallant and
distinguished General Kussell, commander
of the' Sixth Army Corns, who was kUled on
that ground a few months before.
A QUILT NOT ENOUGH TO MARRY ON.
Henry was not to be found that day. Some
of the boys of his company said that he left
camp quite early that morning. He took
the quilt with him. He returned that
evening and brought the quilt back. Some
of the boys asked him if he was married.
"No," he said, "I got bo badly scared at
Liberty Mills that I've triven up the no
tion." The boys didn't believe him. The
next day some of them rode over to the
girl's house and asked her why she did not
marry Henry. She said: "Whatl Marry
that crazy Dutchman? I'd like to catch
myself marrying such a duck. I had no
notion of it" About two weeks ago, when
he was guarding our house, he asked me to
marry bim. I thought he was only in fun,
and I told him yes. Yesterday he came
back carrying a red quilt, and said that he
was now ready to be married. Marry a
man with only a red quilt? Wouldn t 1
like to see myself do suck a thing."
WELSHMEN'S BIG PROFITS.
They Slake From 33 to 45 Per Cent An In
stanca Cited Whore Such a Return Was
Made by a Tinned Plate Maker rast
l'ear.
A statement made recently by "Judge"
James Arkell, in an interview with a
Dispatch reporter, to the effect that Welsh
tinned plate makers reaped a profit of from 33
to 45 per cent, andthat thebusiness was con
trolled by a trust of the largest makers,
was received with a great deal of incredulity
by some local iron and steel men. They
hint that such statements are made to "help
along the cause," and that no such profits
as these are made in "Wales, or out of it, in
any branch of the iron and steel business.
Mr. Arkell told the Dispatch reporter
what he himself had learned from one of the
Welsh makers. A gentleman now living
in Pittsburg, who at one time was engaged
in the manufacture of tinned plate in Wales,
furnibhes The DlSPATCn with figures
which show that such profits are really
made in Wales. This gentleman has infor
mation from Wales that one maker there,
who has a plant of four mills, made 120,000
in the last 12 months. This maker is re
puted as being a keen buyer and a good
seller, but he is not so very much more so
than his competitors as to make his profits
much proportionately greater than theirs.
"You can get some idea of this particu
lar maker's profits," said the gentleman
referred to, "by taking the cost of a plant
of two mills and multiplying it by two.
Here are the figures on a plant of two mills:
Engine, 26x60 inches, 510,000; two mills,
?u,000; co.d mill, including doublers sheers
and shearer shears, 4,000; four turning
pots, 4,000; auxiliary engines and
machinery, 5,000: three boilers,
Galloway type, 25 feet by 6
feet, 3,000; five furnaces, 5,500; mill
and annealing furnaces, 5,500; foundations,
200; buildings, 10,000; total cost of plant
of two mills, 52,200. A plant of four mills
will have double the capacity, but will not
cost double what a two millplaut does; but
supposing it did, you have the cost of this
Welsh maker's plant at say 100;000. It
requires a capital of 30,000 to run Ihe
smaller plant, and we will just double that
too, thus making the'total capital invested
in this four-mill'plant 160,000. Well, this
maker made 120,000 lass year out of his
plant, O' 33 per cent. Any man who cannot
see the money that lies in tinned plate mak
ing in mis country unuer tne present condi
tions, is hopelessly blind and not deserving
of the good the gods sends him. That there
are men who can see this is evident by the
number of plarts under construction or
consideration. By this time next year their
w ill be not a few' in operation in this city
alone.
Took AU His Money.
John Holmes complained to the police
yesterday that ho had been robbed of 78 by
IThomas Burns, a pipe liner. Holmes is a
laborer and came here from Buffalo re
cently. Sunday he met Burns and the two
got considerably intoxicated. That night
they slept together in an Eleventh street
boarding house. Holmes claims that early
Monday morning Burns took him into a
boxcar standing near and relieved him of
hisf money. Detective MeTighe' arrested-
Brrns and also held Holmes as a witness.
I
A Dream of Happiness
lay be followed by a mornlne of "La
Grippe." Easily, and whyt Because the
displacement of covering in bed, a neglected
draught from a partly closed window, nn
open transom cumieuwu witu a winay entry
in a hotel, may convey to your nostrils and
lungs the death-dealing blast. Terrible and
swlttarethe inroads made by this new de
stroyer. The medicated alcoholic principle
in Hostetter's Stomach Bitters will check
the dire complaint. A. persistence In this
preventive of its further development will
absolutely oheokmate the dangerous mal
ady. Unmedicated alcoholic stimulants aro
of little or no value. The just modiuin is
the Bitters. Not less efficacious is It in cases
of malaria, biliousness, constipation,
rheumatism, dyspepsia and kidney trouble
The weak are usually those upon whom
disease fastens llrst. Invigorate with the
Bitters.
For Ten Years
The ambition of the leading manufacturers
of men's clothing has been to make a ready
made article equal to custom work. Our
stock this season shows that this has been
accomplished, for we are showing a line
this falLmade in the latest designs and with
all the care and skill of the best tailors.
Gusky's.
Special Sale of Men's SHO uits.
We have often made special offers and in
ducements to buyers of clothing, but never
yet nave we piacea on sale such a superb
line of men's suits as we now show at 10
each. You have choice of cassimeres, chev
iots (plain black or mixed), fine diagonals,
sacks or cutaways, aud also a big variety of
double-breasted sack suits. This is the king
of all bargain offerings. Think of it I You
can choose a suit of clothes from our superb
stock for 10. Call to-day and get first
choice of the best patterns.
P. C C. C, Pittsburg Corabination'Cloth
ing Company, corner Grant and Diamond
streets.
Tho Highest Priced Tailor
In the city of Pittsburg cannot improve on
the fit or finish of the fall overcoats we are
showing this fall, and we have exactly the
same materials from which to selectas the
merchant tailor shows you, only about 20
times the quantity. Don't throw awav vnnr
I money on a coat made-to-measure until you
(have looked through our stock.
Gusky's.
Cannot sell 5 shoes for 3.
"HVhy? They cost more than 3.
2To representations like this at
Caik Bnos.,Jiberty and Sixth streets..
A PLEAF0R SILVER.
The Monetary Question as Presented
bjT a Free Coinage Man.
FACTS IN FINANCIAL HISTORY.
This Country Needs a Larger Currency,
Silver as Well as Gold.
A BASIS FOR PAPER MONEY NEEDED
To the Editor of The Dispatch:
Briefly, money may be defined, as a means
of exchange of commodities and storing accu
mulated wealth. It is a creature of law.
To make it, fix its quantity, say of what it
shall consist, and give it its legal power, is
one of the legitimate functions of govern
ment. It must consist in some form of one
or more commodities. In coin form, or
otherwise, it may le represented by paper
promises, ordained by la.r to circulate as
money and find its money functions in the
fiat of law- that fixes a certain quantity of
the commodities represented equivalent to
the dollar of account.
From an early antiquity, gold and silver
have chiefly been used for this purpose, as
in their nature they are well suited, and
the fact that these metals, notwithstanding
the fluctuations in their production, have,
for thousands of years, held a parity of
relative value, not varying much, from 1 of
gold to 15 of silver, is significant, and
should not be disregarded when considering
the now pressing question as to what shall
constitute the base of our money system.
SOME HISTOISIC PACTS.
Illustrative of this note the following
facts: From 1801 to 1820 the world's an
nual production of gold was 9,710,500, and
of silver 36.847,500 four times as much
silver as gold; from 1821 to 1840, of gold
11,466,000 and of silver 21,964,000, twice
as much silver as gold; Irom 1H11 to labu, ot
gold 85,150,000 and of silver 34,826,500,
two and one-half of gold to one of silver;
from 1860 to 1880, of gold 117,991,000 and
of silver 68,043,900, nearly two of gold to
one of silver.
2fow, during these fluctuations in the
amount of the annual production of these
metals, statistics in the bureau of the
United States Mint, reported from the Lon
don market, show that from 1801 to 1873 the
extremes of fluctuations in the relative
value of these metals were only as 1 of gold
to 16.25 of silver, to 1 of go'ld to 15.11 of
silver.
We are further informed by statistics that
from the year 1600 B. C. to 1497 A. D., a
period of over 3,000 years, the comparative
value of gold and silver fluctuated from 1 of
gold to 10 of silver, to 1 of gold to 14.40 of
silver, and that from 1697 to 1801 the
greatest fluctuation was from 1 of gold to
10.70 of silver, to 1 of-gold to 15.74 of silver.
And these were the extremes, far above the
average. When in 1790 our Government
commenced to coin money the ratio was
fixed to about 1 of gold to 16 of silver, that
is, 371.25 grains of fine silver to the dollar
of account, and 22.32 grains of fine gold.
THE SILVER DOLLAR IS HONEST.
These facts show that the American sil
ver dollar was no "fraud," but at a pre
mium, as shown by the London market up
to 1873, when its money function was taken
away. How much the fiat of law.backed by
the consensus of opinion and the practice of
nations tor thousands ot years, had to do in
maintaining the relative values of these
metals I do not say. Probably back of .all
this lies tbe simple fact that they represent
the comparative cost of production; but
that the fiat of law is a chief factor in
maintaining a fixed quantity of gold or sil
ver, equivalent to the fiction the dollar of
account cannot be questioned, for certain I
it is that if you deprive either metal of its
money function you -will depress its value
while increasing that of the other.
I venture the following as postulating the
logic of history on the money question:
First Plenitude of money in circulation
promotes activity in business, prosperity
and peace; stops litigation and increases the
wealth and comfort of the people:
Second Scarcity of money in circulation
causes idleness, poverty, starvation and
crime, and renders great natural resources
nugatory.
Third For the chief use of money, to
facilitate the exchange of commodities two
conditions only are necessary convenience
and currency.
Pr.OOF OP THE POSTULATES.
As proof of the above postulates I offer
the following incidents in history, enacted
through many years and on a large scale:
For COO years preceeding this centnry, the
bank of Venice, a great and popular monied
institution ot the then commercial world,
issued large sums of paper money and never
paid out a dollar of coin for its paper; yet
its paper was at par with gold and silver.
In the early part of this century the Na
poleonic wars had drained the treasuries of
Great Britain, and her banks were com
pelled to suspend specie paymeut and issue
large sums of paper money; and for 26 years,
until contraction had made money scarce
and the banks resumed specie payment,
England prospered and regained her finan
cial standing in a marvelous manner, as
though the nation had. received a new in
spiration and impetus.
In -Z 871-2, when the Franco-German War
with the enormous indemnity exacted by
urermaiiy cAiiiu6iu tuc Becie ui xruuee,
she issued a large volume of paper money,
and mark the results: industry, commercial
and manufacturing activity sprang up in a
wonderful manner, which rapidly repaired
her losses in the war, while Germany,
struggling with her tight money market,
owing to her gold basis for money, soon
paid back to France for merchandise the
large sum of money exacted. For years the
German people, pressed by poverty, have
been flocking to this country by thousands,
while the French are very prosperous at
home.
THE EXPERIENCE OP AMERICA.
Thirty years go we entered into a great
war to preserve the life Of tbe nation. Up
to that time we had no financial standing in
Europe. United States 6 per cent bonds
were in London at a discount. Our wealth
producing power was" not one-fourth what
it now is. The great waV involved an ex
penditure of over 4,000,000,000. Against
the protests of financial experts, who'proph
esied that it would ruin the country, we
issued paper money, vast volumes of
"greenbacks," promises to pay, and bonds
oi uiiuu s, mm jur iour years me
bloody drama was enacted. And what has
beTheT?n?onoft1,eqtnfM fc
ihe union oi the States was triumphant-
ly established. We have already paid off
tnrec-iuuriua ui wie
what bonds are yet
premium. Our paper
nirnnlatinff as monpv nnrl in nnn nm r
400,000,000 of our "greenbacks" are per- ,
forming tne luii lunction of money, while
ugoTldrn
From the close of th wnr fn ii.i nn in i
great war debt, and ana reiresniDg lO llie taste, ana aci3 Germanic, Oct. 14. llamlGermanle, Nor. 11.10am
mfsefarfa'tr1 gently yet promptly on the Kidneys, I'ge&MSS
1873, when the United Statei joined the ' duced, pleasing to the tasto and ac
conspiracy of the monied aristocracy of j OT,aM b tnmnn r, 5
Europe to make money scarcrfby demone
tising silver, we had plenty of money in
circulation. No countrv ever prospered so
before; it arrested and attracted the atten
tion of the civilized world. 6ur progress
to solid w ealth was phenomena
A STOP TO PROSPERITY.
But the sudden contraction ii the volume
of money that follotred thisjfatal suicidal
act of our national legislature brought our
industry and wealth.produciig activity to a
sudden halt. Our banks Suspended pay
ment, widespread bankruptcy and business
failures and general stagnation followed
men thrown out of employment, vainly
seeking work, became denloralized tramps.
This was the start of thisHisgraceful nuis
ance. From the demonetizatfon of silver you
may liate our labor trouHes, both in Europe
and America, which noy threaten the peace
and safety of our country. In 1878, after
five years of stagnation, a partial coinage of
silver was resumed by 'the purchase of
2,000,000 ounces of silver per month. This
gave some relief, and the tide of progress to
opulence was by degrees resumed.
Our people, naturally active and ambiti
ous for wealth in the midst of great natural
resources, were only limited in their opera
tions, by the amount of currency they could
command.
CUKEEKCY NEEDED. '
As the great work of development went
on larger volumes were needed to meet this
want. We invited and received large
amounts of foreign capital, so that now
foreigners own and control many, if not
most, of ur great indnstrial enterprises.
But at last the pressure for more money be
came so great that last winter it culminated
in a fruitless effort to fully remonetize sil
ver. A change, however, was effected in regard
to silver. The Treasurer of the United
States was by law instructed to buy in the
open market 4,500,000 ounces of silver per
month and coin into money as may be
deemed necessary. This is about the amount
of our annual production.
But why give the producer of gold the
full money value of his gold and only give
the producer of silver 75 per cent of the
money value of his silver, while using as
money silver and gold at their full money
value. Is this not unjust, paradoxical, if
not cowardly and beneath the dignity of our
Government?
AN AGE OP ENTERPRISE.
Now, I have tried, briefly as possible, to
sketch the facts of history.that throw light
upon the money question, aud in applying
its logic we must bear in mind that our age
is one of gigantic enterprise, requiring the
use, in order to smoothly move them and
prevent money panics by too freely using
private credit, of volumes of money unpar
alleled in history. That it shall consist of
gold alone, with paper based thereon, would
fail to give us enough. Even with gold and
silver paper money must be uoed largely in
excess of the metals we hold. I will now
proceed to set forth what seems to me fair
deductions from past history applied to
modern times on the money question:
First Money we must have in larger
volume than ever before or suffer the con
seauence for years in getting down to a
money basis where a small sum will answer,
which would be to .lower all values of wages
and commodities, cause stagnation, bank
ruptcy and ruin to the mass of the produc
ing classes of this generation. It could not
be quickly done, and the attempt would
probably end in riot, war and revolution.
Second Gold and silver must be the base
of all our money, though they cannot con
stitute its volume. This their limited
quantity and inconvenience of handling for
bid. Vhatever be the amount or form of
the paper money we issue it must be re
deemable in the" standard coin of the Gov
ernment. TREE COINAGE A NECESSITY.
Third Free coinage of gold and silver is
now au absolute necessity, and a complete
monetary system, entirely free from all in
dividual or corporate connection or in
fluence, should be aimed at and be com
pleted as soon as possible, consistent with
not causing monetary disturbance and but
one kind of well-executed paper money
should be used, with no denominations
under 5.
That our present money system is a vast
improvement on that of 30 years ago, is not
disputed. That it is still susceptible of im
provement, and that public sentiment de
mands a better system, I believe is true.
But will free coinage by our Governmens
raise the value of silver to a parity with
gold, of one of gold to 16 of silver, our pres
ent ratio.
Wc now produce half the silver of the
world. The great populations of India and
China are awaking to modern Western en
terprise, and there, as here, more money is
demanded, and there silver is chiefly used.
Now, with one half of the silver product
kept at home, to be used as a basis of our
money system, can it be reasonably doubted
that free coinage for American protected
silver would promptly raise the price of sil
ver to its money value? And, further,
would not a complete system enable our
merchants and tourists in Europe and
throughout the commercial world, to use
our paper money at par, and our money
system become a powerful bulwarkto main
tain the integrity of the Government?
A DETENSE OP THE SILVER DOLLAR.
It is quite common to speak disparagingly
of the silver dollar to call it a fraud, etc. :
but are such criticisms founded on good
sense and correct views of this great ques
tion? Suppose gold alone were to constitute
our money basis, with paper issued thereon;
would it not require a very large ratio of
paper to the gold, thereby exposing the
Treasury to the danger of being easily cor
nered, followed by money panics, sudden
depreciations of commercial values, with
all its evil, attendant consequences? Less
than 25 of our great millionaires could at
their will do this, and thereby double their
millions.
Does present or past history justify the
nation in exposing itself to such a catastro
phe? Then why reduce the money basis to
a narrow limit, thereby inviting it? If the
habit of nations throughout the commercial
world for ages; the fact that silver is used
as money by nine-tenths of "the human race,
are to be disregarded and we cease to use
silver as money, what shall we substitute
for it? But if we use it, does not common
sense and honesty demand its free coinage
the same as gold? Our present system is a
confession of weakness, it not of down right
dishonesty, well calculated to discredit
silver as money and lower the tone of moral
honesty in our country. To the arbitrament
of reason these views are submitted, be
lieving their deductions fairly drawn and of
yalue to a nation soon to dispute financial
supremacy frith England, and in wealth and
influence lead the world. M. Huling.
Oil City, September 29.
rf-vT-r-m TrTVT'"r4""V,cr'
UJ&JB JCcXV J - 3 Ka
Both the method and results -when
o ti- x i 'i. i
Syrup of Figs 13 taken; it IS pleasant
lem effectually, dispels Colds, head-
acnes and fevers and cures habitual
Syrup of Figs is the
onlv Temedv of its kind ever Tiro-
centable to the stomach, uromnt in
its action and truly beneficial in its
I effects, prepared only from the most
neanny ana agreeaoie suDsiances, its
many excellent qualities commend it
to all and have made it the most
popular remedy known.
Syrup of Figs is for sale in 60c
and 1 bottles by all leading drug
gists. Any reliable druggist who
may not have it on hancf will pro
cure it promptly for any one who
wishes to try it Do not accept any
EUDStltUte.
CALIFORNIA FIG SYRUP CO.
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.
lOUtSVlUE, KY HEW- Y0.1K, II.Y-
! jjiver ana xsoweis, cieanses ine svs- irrom wnuo star uoca, uut w "neuiu
NEW ADVERTISEMENTS.
Dun
Visit every other place in the city and you won't find such a magnifi
cent display of Fall Novelties under one roof. There are so many new
things that we cannot enumerate- half of them. Come and see for yourself
the greatest exposition of stylish, seasonable and fashionable wear ever at
tempted in Pittsburg.
U C P If lf A D I e warm weatner is now about over, and there'll
rtLjat ffl Li nil ! be a brisk demand for neckwear. We show a
large and carefully selected line one that will surely please all comers.
High novelties in Feather Boas, Feather Ruchings, Ostrich Feather Col
larettes, etc., from 1.25 to $2$. '
A Word About Underwear !
We have nothing but new goods in .stock no shop-worn garments to
palm off upon unsuspecting purchasers. Prices are nevertheless down to a
fine point. Just read and see :
Bibbed Vests, . long, sleeves, Cotton,
Merino and Wool, 25c, 48c, 75c, 95c
Extraordinary values.
Natural Wool Vests, 50c, 74c and ?L
Fine Merino Vests, 35c, 40c, 45a
Fine Bibbed Drawers, 50c to 1.
Misses' fine Natdral Wool Vests, 25c
to 75c.
Misses' fine Scarlet Wool Vests, 25c to 75c.
TIE
ft
I
bexb&vin
510-518 MARKET STREET.
EXPOSITION"
IE
IS
&
o
s
I
T
I
o
IsT
iFEEUOH ID-A-IT
"VIVE LA REPUBLIQUE."
'LIBERTIE." "EQUALITIE." "FRATERNITY.'
FRENCHMEN,
Visit the Exposition and hear the captivating mnsic of "La Belle
France" performed by the MAGNIFICENT SEVENTH KEGI
MENT BAND. WALTER KOGERS, the unrivaled cornetist,
will, by request,play the "Marseillaise" at the 0 o'clock concert.
BXPOSITIOIT
A LOOKING GLASS
And All Other Articles of Household Furniture
For the Parlor, Chamber, Library, Dining Room or Kitchen, of any de
sired kind. Also, Carpets of every description, fine, medium
or inexpensive, but always of the most reliable
class, my be had at the VERY
LOWEST PRICES,
For Casi or oa Out Popnlar Easy Payment Plan,
At our truly reliable store. We have BAB
GAINS in every department, on every floor of
our establishment. We wish to callespecial attention
to our name and number, as everyone is not always careful
what store they go into, and quite often we have customers
come into our store, after they have bought goods in another,
and sav: "When I bought my goods I thought I wa3 buying them
of Hoppers', but I found out my mistake too late." A word to the
wise is sufficient. Be sure and call at our store or write for 'the rules govern
ing our grand prize competition. Everyone has the same chance to get the 00 prize. J
HOPPER BROS. & CO.,
PIONEERS OF LOW PRICES,
STEAMERS A2D JEXCUKSIOXS;
AMERICAN LINE,
SaHIng every Wednesday from Philadel
phia and Liverpool. Passenger accommoda
tions for all classes unsurpassed. Tickets
sold to and from Great Britain and Ireland,
Norway, Sweden, Denmark, etc.
PETER WRIGHT & SONS,
General agents, 303 Walnut St., Philadelphia.
Full information can be had of J. J. MC
CORMICK, Fourth avenue and Smithfield st.
LOUIS 110ESEK, CIS Smithlleld street,
mb8-4t-TT3
nUNARD LINE-JJF.W TOIiK AXDZLIVER
U l'OOI, VIA QDEEXSTOWK-From Pier 40.
North river: Fast express mail service. Etrurla,
October 3, 5:30 a. si.: AuranU. October 10, 10 A.
M.; Umbria. October 17. 5:30 A. M.: Servta, Octo
ber 21. 10:30 A. M.: F.truria, October 31,5 A.M.;
Aurania, November 7, 9 A. M.: Umbria, No
vember H, 3 r. M.; Scrvia. November a. 9 a.m.
Cabin passare-$60 and upward: according to
location: second cabin, ?3. Steerapro tickets
to and from all parts of Europe at very low rates.
For freight and passage apply to the company's
office, i Bowlimr Urecn. New "ion.. Vernon H.
Brown Jt Co.. J. J. McCOKMICK. 630 and 401
famlthfleld street, Plttsbure. seSS-D
-TTT-HITE STAR LINE
I V For Queenstown and Liverpool.
Itoyai aim umteu aiuies .uuu aiuvuicis.
Stl PAfL
sAinnrl iciiMii on tlipan BtMmflri. Snlrmti
rates. $50 and upward. Second cabin $35 and
$40. Bicursion tickets on iavoraulo terms.
c jiiH nnnnfmf tfc"n
WliltoStar draft payable on demand in i
an tne principal umiiv wuuuuuui, uaiti
Britain. Apply to JOHN J. MoCORMICK,K
and 401 Smithfield St., Pittsburg, or H.MA1T
LAND KERSEY, General A?ent,29 Broad
way, New York. se30-D.
. rf x.; f Viiftlrit ri mv mI m 4 - a. r
ALLAN LINE
IIOYALMAIL STEAMSHIP.
Glasgow to Philadelphia,
VTA DERBT -and GALWAVT The mo5t direct
route from Scotland and North and Middle of Ire-
Un1'ACCOMMODATIONS UNSURPASSED,
intermediate, ?30. Steerage. J1J.
. . r ) SERVICE OF
STftXt i AiLAN IVnVB
LINE ) STEAMSHlPa.
NEW YORK AND GLASGOW,
via Londonderry, every Fortnight.
Oct. 1, State of Nebraska. 8:30 A. M.
Oct. 15, Slite of California, 1 P. M.
Oct. 43, State of Nevada, 1 p. M.
CAMN , 35 and apwan. Return, ffi and upward.
steerage, 10.
Apnlv to J. J. McCOilRlCK. 633 Smithlleld street.
Pittsburg, kI-d
Malestic. Oct. 7. aaml'ilalestic, Nov. 4. 7ara
i
Misses fine Merino Wool Vests, 25c to 50c
Gents' fine White Underwear, 50c, 75c, 51.
Gents' Gray Camel's Hair, 50c, 75c,
lto 2 50.
Gents' fine Scarlet Wool, 51 to 1 75.
Genls' fine Fancy Wool, 51 to 51 75.
LATEST IS CAPES.
The accompanying cut illustrates one of our
new styles of Capes which will be extensively
worn this season. They are made with and with
out sleeves. We would invite a. critical inspec
tion of these garments, knowing that the assort
ment is unapproached by any other house in this
section. Our stock of plain cheviot and fur
trimmed Jackets is also unsurpassed in point of
beauty and variety.
Prices are sufficiently low to make trade brisk
in the warmest weather.
oci-11
307 HOOD ST., PITTSBURG.
se22-W
STEAMERS AND EXCUKSIO'S.
TO ITALY, ETC. FALL AND WINTER
touis by the new passenger steamrr
service of the Jforddeutseber Lloyd; dfre.-t
fast express route to the Mediterruncin. For
particulars apply to MAX SCHAMIIEKG A
CO., 527 Smithlleld St., Pittsburg, Pa.
se3-62-Trs
Ask my agents for W. I Douglas Shoes. II
not for sale in your place ask your dealer to
Sf'nd lor catalogue, becure the agency, and
get them for you.
43-TAKE SO STOSTITCT.E-S
WHY IS THE
W. L. DOUGLAS
5f)3 SHOE. GENTLEMEN
The Best Shoe in the World for the Money?
It Is a seamless shoe, with no tacksorwax thread
tohnrtthe reet; madeof thebest Cnecalr. stvllsh
and easy, and because we make more shoes of this
grade than any other manufacturer. It equals hand-
sewca snoes cosiinnr ironi w w, w.
-T OO GENUINE IIAND-SEWED, the flnest
SO. calf shoe ever offered for pOO; equals
French Imported shoes which cost from $3 00 to
at. eaW ihoe. ever offered for POO; eqnahi
P Ti
;izoo.
IJ OO HAND-SEWED WELT SHOE, line calf,
Ox. strllsh. comfortable and durable. The best
shoe ever offered at thUpric: samejrrade ascus-toin-lnade
hoc9 costing? froiA $0 00 to 00.
50 POLICE SHOE: Fanners. RaliroadMem
C30. and Letter Carriers all wear them : flue calf,
fceaiulpss. smooth inside, heavy three soles, exten
sion edge. One pair will wear a year.
Qtl 3o FINE CALF: no better shoe ever offered
iD I. at this price; one trial will convince those
who want a rfhe for com fort and service
C0 23 and ( WORKINOMAN'S shoes are
u7.ii. very stronjt and durable. Those who hare
plren them a trial will wear no other make.
HOYS' 5TO.n2 ;s etool shoes are worn
JJ V J- Si t5Cih? boJ'8 "erywhere; they sell on
their merits, as the increasing sales show.
T , A T)TFS' ?100 "AND-SEWED shoe, tzii
French Imported shoes costing from if 00 to 3 00
LADIES K 50. V 00 and II ?3 si (for Misle. a
tn best Hue Dpnjrola. Stvllsh and durable.
CABTION-See that W. L. Douglas- name and
price are stamped on the bottom of each shoe.
, W. L. DOUGLAS. Brockton. Mass.
.S)!?bj'I-.Cil.r.terT9 Fifth ar.; E. C. Sperber.
1335 Carson it. : H. J. & G. M. Lanir. -S501 BnUerst.
J. N. Frohring. 3S3 Firm ar.: HeuryKoSSr. "
gneuy.
E.J.Honman, No. 7Z Rebecca street, Allegheny,
" TTS
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