SBBKESSSSSBi E PITTSBURG DISPATCH. -r TH PAGES 9 TO 20. SECOND PART. . M'KIILCT IN ARMS, A$nireSSiY8 ErOm Start tO'!Fni" isli in Beginning the Cam paign for Ohio. WNTS Aff HOKEST DOLLAR And the Great Principle of Pro tection, Which Has Bronght Prosperity Unexampled. C-OIPBEMSTYEAKNESSOffSILYERJ Bow-the Bncteye DemocracyiHaJomjrnnn-- lsed Itself in Its Action on Wool and Sugar. THE GOTERXOE OFF Ef HIS FIGTJEES.. Irorisinu-cf tie-Kew-TarlirEaw'TIij.frillrrB'BBOT ffisrepresrated by Free TraJs Ora tors and Xewsrapers. TEE T1S HATE POLIOI A1TD EEdPKOCTTT- ErrCtAIrTEIXGRAHTO the rtsrATCH. NlLES, O., Aug. 22. Major McKinley-fonnalij- opened the Ohio campaign at this place this afternoon. The attendance -was large and enthusiasm unbounded. Details of the ovation to the protective tariff cham pion aro given in another dispatch pub lished in this issue. The speech is a solid array of facts and figures, devoid of con fusing frills and useless verbiage, and stands as a complete exposition of the policy of theBepubliean party-to-day. After referring to the importance- of the Ohio campaign, Major McKinley spoke as fol lows: The Democratic platform declares for the ireo and unlimited coinage of the stiver of the -world, to be coined, as freely as gold is now, upon the same terms and un der existing ratio. The platform of the Ee publican party stands in opposition to any thing fO-.ort of a full and complete dollar, and approves of the legislation of the last Cons-rcss, touching silver, which legislation enjoins the monthly purchase of silver up to 4,509,000 ounces an amount fully equal If not In excels of the entire silver product of the United States. Tnat legislation Is a mighty bulwark for the protection of silver. It has preserved and enlarged its monetary nscsupona safe basis, and has provided that the Bilver dol lar shall be kept as good as the best dollar of our coinage, always equal In legaltender quality and debt-paying power. "WOBK OP TUB LAST CONGEESS. The legislation of the last Congress Is the strongest evidence -which can be furnished of the purpose of the Republican party to maintain silver as money, and of its resolu tion to keep it, and tho whole of it, in use csa part of our circulating medium equal with gold. The law which the Republican pirty put upon the 6tatute book declares tho settled policy of tho Government "to maintain tho two metals upon a parity with each other upon the present legal ratio, or euch ratio as may be provided by law." Under the law prior to that of last year only 2,000,000 silver dollars were coined monthly and put Into circulation, which sum ab sorbed less than one-half of the silver product of tho United States. Although f,000,000 of silver coinage were authorized by tho laws of Congress, neither tho Repub lican nor Democratic administrations ex ceeded $2,000,000 or coinage monthly. Tho new law will increase the use of silver as a moneycirculatlng medium more than (2 000,000 monthly, thus giving to the people an increased currency with which to do their business, which Increased currency will always be as good as tho best money in circulation. Tho free and unlimited coin age of silver, demanded by tho Democratlo convention recently held in Cleveland amounts to this: THE DEMOCRATIC DEMAND. That all tho silver of the world, and from every quarter of the world, can be brought to tho mints of tho United States, and coined at tho expense of the Government, that is that the mint of the United States must receivo 4123-S grains of silver, which is "worth but 80 cents the -world over, and coin therefor a silver dollar, -which, by flat of the Government, Is to bo received by the people of the United States and to circulate among them as worth a full dollar of 101 cents. The silver producer, whose 12J grains of silver are worth only 80 cents In tho markets of this country and the world, Is thus enabled to demand that the Govern ment shall take it at 100 cents. "Will tho Government be as kind to tho producer of wheat and pay him SO cents more per bushel than tho market price? The silver dollar now issued under a limited coinage, has 80 cents of intrinsic value in it, to accredited the world over; and tho other 0 cents is legislative will tho mere breath ot Congress. That is: -what the dollar lacks of value to make it a perfect dollar Congress supplies by public declaration, and holds the extra 20 cents In tho treasury for pro tection. NowltlsprODOsed to remove tho limit and to mako tho Government coin not for account of the treasury, hut for the bene fit of the 6llver mino owner. It aocs not take a very wise man to see that if a dollar worth only tO cents intrinsically coined -without limit, is made a legal tender to the amount of its I jco value, for tho payment of all debts, public and private, a legal tender in all business transactions among the peo ple, that it will become In time the exclusive circulating medium of the country. WILL ACTUALLY KEDUCE CIRCULATION. Gold, which is 20 per cent more valuable on every dollar, will not be paid out in any transaction in thiscountry when an SO cent silver dollar will answer the pnrposo. Nor will tho greenback bo long in returning fo the treasury for redemptiou in gold. IVe lUill do our business tueielore, with short dollars rather than full dollars, as -w o aro now doing. The gold dollar will be taken from the circulating media of the country ami hoarded, and the elTect will bo that tho circulating media will not bo increased bat be reduced to the eitentof the gold now circulating, and we will bo compelled to do tliebusiiiosof tho country with a silver dol exthislvely, -which is confessedly the poor est, instead of doing our business with gold an-1 Silver and paper money, all equal, and all i ike good. The volume of our money wil -Jierelore bo contracted. Tl'S, question of silver is a business one in whi' 1 nil the people, whatever maybe their pollt.'tl ufllliution, have a deep interest. If we could have an international ratio, which all the Jcading nations of the world would cdoptasd the truo relation be fixed be tween the two metals and all agree upon the quattity of silver which should con stitute alollar, then silver should bo as free and unlimited In its privileges of coining as is gold to-lay. ECBOPJ1 AWAITS HEE OPPOETTJNTTT. But that, we have not been able to secure, and with thei free and unlimited coinage of silver adopted in the United States at tho I V & . 'AiMhMtt. . iitniifflllliirtilifr'Vlir ; - ktaiy present ratio ire -would bo stni further re moved from any International agreement. We may nover be able to secure It If we enter upon the isolated coinage of silver. The leading nation? of the -world would bo glad to put us upon a silver basis. Thero 5 lttflA rtrmtlfc thnt RnrOT0 Otllv -nrlfhVinlria -f oon"1"11 t0 an Internatlonrl ratio on account ... ..,. W....... ...- .. . -.-......J &w . silver. If sho believed otherwise she would not be slow to give consent. The nations which are on a silver basis nlone are the poorest nations of the world, and are in constant financial disturbance and mone tary disorder. The danger of free and un limited coinage has been pointed out over and over again by leading statesmen of both political parties. HARMONIOUS DEMOCRACY. How Grover Cleveland and Hike Harter Agree With the Ohio Sliver Plank Gov ernor Campbell HastheNerve to Risk It Tho Eighty Cent Dollar. The position of leading Republicans upon this question is so n ell known that I need not pauso to quote from them. Let me call your attention to what tho leaders of the Democratio party, who are cheif in its counsels, say. No one haB spoken with greater ability on the Democratio side than the ex-President ofthe United States, lion. Grover Cleveland. His letter written but a few months ago, taken in connection with his former utterances upon this subject, show that nothing could be more disastrous, in his judgment, to the business interests of the country, and to tho best welfare of all the people, than the free and unlimited coinage of silver. Let mo read vou Grover Cleveland's letter to General Warner and other members of the Forty-eighth Congress: "The letter w hich I have had the honor to receive from you invites, and,indecd,obliges me to give expression to some grave publio necessities, although in advance of the mo ment when they would bocomo tho objects ui ui uiuuiui cure unu partial iesponsiuiuty. Tour solicitude that my J udgmeut shall havo been carefully and deliberately formed is en tirely just, and I accept the suggestion in the same trieudly spirit in which it has been made. It is also fully jnstifled by the nature of the financial crisis, which under tho oper ation of tho act of Congress of February 23, 1S7S, is now close at hand. By a compliance with the requirements of that law all the "vaults of the Federal Treasury have been, and aro heaped full of silver coins, which aro now worth less than S5 per cent, of the gold dollar prescribed as tho 'unit of value" In section 14, ot the act of February 13, 1873, and which, with the silver certiflcatesrepresent ing such coin are receivable for all publio dues. "Being thus receivable while also con stantly increasing in quantity at the rate of $2S,Ojo,000 a year, it has followed, of necessity, that the flow of gold into tho treasury has been steadily diminished, Silver and Mlver certificates have displaced, and are now dis placing gold, and the sum of gold in the Fed eral treasury now available for tho payment of the gold obligations of the United States and for the redemption of the United States notes called 'greenbacks,' If not already en croached upon is perilously near such en croachment. These aro facts which, as they do not admit of differences of opinion, call for no argument. METALS MUST NOT PART C03IPANT. 'These being tho facts of our present con dition, our danger and our duty to avert that danger would seem to be plain. I hope that you concur w ith mc and with tho great majority of our fellow citizens in deeming it most desirable at the present juncture to maintain and continue in use the mass of our gold coin as well as the mass of silver al ready coined. This is possible by a present suspension of tho purchaso and coinage of 6llver. I am not aw are that by any other method is it possible. It is of momentous importance to prevent the two metals from parting conroanv: to nrevent the Increasing displacement of gold by the coinage of sil ver; to prevent the disuse of gold In the cus tom houses of the United States in tho daily business of the people; to prevent the ulti mate expulsion of gold by silver. Such a financial crisis as these events would cer tainly precipitate, were it now to follow upon so long a period of commer clal depression, would involve thenoople of evcry city and every State in the Union In a prolonged and disastrous trouble. The re vival of business enterprise and prosperity so ardently desired and apparently so near would be hopelessly postponed. Gold would bo withdraw n to its hoarding places, and an unprecedented contraction in the actual volume of our currency would speedily take ' place. Saddest of all, In every workshop, mill, factory, store, and on every railroad end farm, the wages of labor, already de pressed, would suffer still further depres sion by a scaling down of the purchasing J lower of every so-called dollar paid into the land of toil. From theso impending calam ities it is surely a most patriotic and grate ful duty of the representatives of the people to deliver them. I am, gentlemen, with sin cere respect, your fellow citizen, "GHOVEH CLEVELAJTD. ALEAirr, February 24, 1SS5." HAETEE CALLS IT SUICIDE. Michael D. Harter, the new Democratio Congressman from the Mansfield district, and a representative man in his party, Is ac credited with saying: "If we are unfortunate and unwise enough to mako silver a party question and favor tho coinage of 73 cents' worth of silver into a legal tender bilver dollar (the profit going to the owner or the silver as it does under free coinage), I believe we will lose New York, Connecticutand New Jersey, and that it will prevent us carrying Massachusetts, New Hampshire and six or eight other now doubtful States, all of which wo can carry if we nominate n great party leader and steer clear of this free silver craze. The adoption of this wild idea will not bring into tho Democratic column a solitary State in tho Union. It will be political suicide, and we might as well make an assignment as a party and have a receiver appointed." AVhat Mr. Harter believed so unjust and unwise has occurred. He uses strong lan guage and forcibly presents the caso of ono wing of the Democratic party. My competitor has said in his reported Interviews that in sentiment, upon this sub ject, the Democrats of Ohio aro very much divided, that tho vote in the convention was a very close one. This close vote only emphasizes the danger In the minds of a large number of Democrats of tho State of the free coinage declaration, and enjoins tho importance and necessity of the lrionds of honest money standing together, as in all contests of the past they havo been forced to stand together, for an honest currency. Governor Campbell declared that while he had his doubts about it, he was willing to chanco lree and unlimited coinago of Mlver. lam not willing to "chance" it. Under present conditions, tho country cannot afford to chance it. I can imagine nothing which would be more disturbing to our credit, and more deranging to our commer cial and financial affairs than to make this tho dumping ground of tho world's silver. The silver producer might be benefited, but the silver user, never. UNCLE SAM SHOULD PKOFIT TIEST. If there is to bo any profit In the coinago of silver, it should go to tho Government. It has gone to tho Government ever since the Bland-Allison act. This new declara tion would take it from the Government and give it to the silver producer. Now the peo ple know that if we had tw o yardsticks, one three feet in length and the other two and a halffeot in length, the buyer would always have his goods measured to him by the shorter slick, and that tho longer stick would go into permanent disuse. It Is ex actly so witn money. A 100-cent dollar will go out of circulation alongside an SO-cent dollar, which is a legal tender by the flat of the Government. And no class of people will suffer so much as tho wage earner and agriculturist. If it is the farmer you would benefit thero is one way to do it. Make tho bushel measure with which he measures his wheat for the buyer, three pecks instead of four. 1 am in favor of the double standard, but I am not in favor of tho free and unlimited coinage of silver in the United States, until the nations of the world shall join us in guaranteeing to silver a status which their laws now accord to gold. The double stand ard implies equality at a ratio and that equality can only be established by tho con current law of nations. It was tho concur rent law ot nations that made the double standard; It will require the concurrent law of nations to reinstate and sustain it. Until then for us to decree tho free and unlimited coinago of the world's fcilvcr, would ordain that our silver dollars would surely depre ciate and gold would go to a premium, r . SHORT DOLLARS FOR SOLDIERS. If the Democratio Idea Should Prevail Pen sions Would Depreciate The Bond holders Got tho Honest. Dollars More Money Per Capita Than Ever Before. Besides being against a depreciation of our currency on principle and for the rea sons stated, I still have another rea'son, which, if it stood alone, would be conclusive to my mind, and would place me in oppo sition to the Democratic scheme of putting in circulation a short dollar. The money creditors ofthe Government, whioh Include tho bondholders and those who loaned their money to tho Government in times of war. have been largely paid off, and in every In stance paid off In the best money of the country. The principal creditors of the Government to-day are not the bondholders nor tho men of capital and large means, but the soldiers who fought the battles of the Union in the most sacred and stainless cause in which mankind, has ever engaged. In 1867 the Government owed to its creditors, whose evidence of indebtedness was in tho form of bonds, nearly $3,000,000,000, upon whioh it an nually paid, in interest, alone, $143,781,000. The pension roll of the country was then but $20,935,000. When the attempt was made at that time by the leaders of the party that now stands in opposition to the Republican party, to repudiate the debt of the bond holder, or pay it off in depreciated currency, insisting that we could never pay it in full, the soldiers stood with the party which represented good faith to its creditors, and honorable payment of evory obligation, and swept back the tide of inflation and repudia tion. They said that the Union which thoy had saved from armed lorces should have no stain put upon its financial honor, but every debt it had contracted to preserve the Union, should bo paid in the best coin of the Re public, and every obligation should be sacredly kept and observed. They are will ing to wait tor their pensions until this great money obligation was provided for. The Government credit was, therefore, sustained and over $2,000,000,000, of that great debt has been paid off, not in a clipped dollar, but in a full dollar. SOLDIEBS NOT BONDHOLDERS NOW. The positions are now reversed. The chief money creditors of the Government are now the soldiers; they are in every State and Territory of the Union North and in many or tho States of the South. The interest on the public debt of tho bondholder is only' $27,000,000 annually as against $143,000,000 in 18C7, and tho pension roll of the soldiers In 1601is$137,000,OCO against $20,000,000 in 1S67. Shall the soldiers have his great debt paid off in tho same coin as the bondholder? Is it right to force upon him a dollar worth 60 cents when the other creditors of the Gov ernment were paid $1 worth 100 cents? Is it Just to the pensioner who receives $12 a month to bo paid in a silver dollar worth 0 cents, and thus reoelve $9 60 as his monthly pension rather than $12 which the Govern ment has contracted to pay him? For one I shall never consent that tho soldiers of the country shall be paid in any poorer coin than the most favored creditors of the Gov ernment. Ohio has never in the past given her vote for a debased currency, and she will not do so in the future. When the country was wild for inflation in 1S73, under pressure of hard times (and they were hard) the sobor sense of the people of this State, without re gard to partv, stemmed that awful tide. The people oi Ohio had more to do than any other State or constituency of tho Union in keeping the nation upon the rock of honest flnauco and honest currency. Thousands of Democrats helped in that great struggle. Not through their own party organization, but by leaving their party organization and Joining with the partv which represented good faith and honest dealing witli the pub lic creditor. They can tako no other course this year. And the people of Ohio will tako no backward step. It may bo worth while to know the per capita of our circulation at different periods of our history. The per capita circulation is greater in this country than at any other period before. The amsuut of money in cir culation was about $435,000,000 in 1830, and the amount per capita was $13 85. In 1865 there $723,000,000 In circulation, and tho per capita was $20 82. In 1SS5 the circulation was $1,292, 000,000, and the per, capita was $23 02. On January 5, 1S9L the circulation was $1,329,000, 000, or $24 10 per capita. It may be necessary to increase this circulation, but it cannot be done with silver dollars that are worth less than 100 cents in value. THE REVENUE TARIFF. Depression Has Followed It Every Time fVhat Protection Has Done Debts Rapidly Kednced "What mortgages Mean Horace Greeley's Declaration. On the subject of the "tariff" the Issue Is equally well defined. Tho pemooratlo plat form declares for a purely revenue tariff, and will not consent that it shall perform any other servioe. Duties must "be levied with a view to revenue, and upon those foreign products whieb will yield the great est revenue, and which will not, lncidently or otherwise, favor domestic industry and domestic labor. Its one mission and ono mission only is that of raising revenue. If in its operations it should favor home pro duction, it would be obnoxious to the princi ple upon whioh it was originally levied, and must bo repealed or modified. A revenue tariff, pure and simple, such as tho Democratio party of Ohio advocates, can benefit and enoourage, and build up no domestlo industry. It does not encourage labor, save in foreign countries. It does not move a single spindle save In foreign coun tries. It increases tho demand for foreign goods, and diminishes the uso of domestic goods. It is for the foreign shop and against tho American shop. It supplies work for foreign labor and takes it from our own labor. It would not light a single firo in an American furnace or mill, but would extinguish those which now burn, unless our laborers would work at the same wages as those of competing countries. In short it is well conceived to benefit every other nation but our own. EEVENUE TABIFFS HAVE TAILED. A revenue tariff has not in our experience been a success even as an ngency for raising the money required for publio purposes. It has more than once failed in our history to supply tho revenue wants of tho Govern ment. It has found our country prosperous and our treasury well supplied with revenue, and a few years under its operation has left tne treasury uanErupt ana tne Dusiness or the country in a deplorable condition. And this is easily accounted for and en tirely logical. Commencing with the coun try prosperous under protection, the Demo crats havo enacted a revenue tariff, and tho people of tho country, influenced by sup posed and temporary profit, buv foreign goods instead ot domestic goods. They may be cheaper for the timo. But this eventu ates in tho destruction of our industries, for it increases tho use of foreign goods, and en courages the disuso of domestic goods, and with the diiuse of domestic goods comes diminished production at home and less em ployment for homo labor, and finally no emplovment at all, and with that comes pov erty to tho people, which limits their capacity to buy nbroad, and follow ing that comes diminished importa tions nnd diminished revenues, and then a deflcent and defaulting Treasury. And then there' inevitably follows direct taxation, for if the Government cannot se curo needed revenue from tariffs to meet the publio expenses it must resort to in ternal taxation. In tho meantlmo, our in terests aro destroyed and our laborers dis missed from the factory and mine, and forced to the farm to become the farmer's competitors, instead of. as before, hia ens. tomers and consumers, and then there in variably follows a nso in the nrice of fbrehrn t goods to the American consumer. PEOTEOTION A SURE AGENT As, a means of raising revenue a revenue tariff is not as certain nnd reliable as a pro tective tariff. Tho latter has never failed In time of peace, no matter how great were our expenditures, to supply the rovenue re quired, and has never failed but three times, and then in war, to provide the enormous revenue required for tho public service A protectlvo tariff has proven an unfail ing agent in raising public revenues, and while doing this it has served that other im portant office of -so adjusting the duties upon foreign goods, as to give the largest protection to our own industries, tho widest field of employment for our own labor, and tho most generous encouragement to our own people. It serves the treasury, and whilo doing so serves our own people in their industries and employments. There ought not to be any qnestion, inasmuch as wo have to secure revenuo from foreign im ports, as to the character of the foreign goods upon which the duties shall bo im posed. The principle or a protective tariff requires that articles not luxuries, which we cannot produce in the United States, shonld come in free from tariff taxation, and im poses the tariff upon such foreign prodncts as come in competition with products of our own land and labor. , AS TLATN AS AN AXIOM. It does seem to me that there should bemo difference of opinion upon the subject among American citizens. As we are com pelled to tax some prodnct, every consider ation, I think,shouldrequlro that the foreign product be tuxed, the taxing of which would SUNDAY, . benefit onr own producers and do no injury to our own consumers. A protective tariff is not only a surer agent for raising revenue than a revjonne tariff, but It builds up onr own Industries and increases industrial ac tivity in our own midst. It furnishes em ployment for labor and at better wages than can be secured anywhere else or under any oth er system. A revenue tariff breaks down and destroys at home, and builds up and en courages abroad. Now, if protection Is a burden upon the people, we should find some manifestation of it somewhere. We have been living under it for 30 years. Where does the burden rest? The great mass of tho people of our country were never so well off as they are to-day. They are better off than the rest of man kind. There never were so many men in this country who owned their own homes as there are to-day. There n".verwero so many workmen who had accumulations in the sav ings banks of the country as -there aro to day. Thero never were so many comforts, refinements and educated homes as there are in this country to-day. No nation of the world can present such a picture of progress, prosperity and plenty. WE ABE FAYINO OUB DEBTS. Have protective tariffs piled up the debts' or the united States! .Let tno reoora an swer. The monthly report of tho Secretary of tho Treasury discloses how the publio debt is being reduced. Wo have paid off more than two-thirds of it. State debts havo been reduced, and county and municipal debts have been diminished. See what has bocn done in this direction in 20 years, from 1870 to 1890. In 20 years, from 1870 to 1800, lnclnslte, the federal debt hu been reduced from (1870). ...$2, 86,000, 000 to (1S9U).... 933,000,000 The State debts hsvs been reduced from (1870)..- 932,000,000 to (1890).... 1S2.O00.00O The county debts hsvo been reduced from (1S70).... 187,000,000 to (1890).... 115,000.000 In the same time our population has in creased from 88,558 S71 to 62,622,250, SO that tho per capita debt is only $28, compared with nearly $76, 20 years ago. The per capita debtor this country Is less than that of any other country of the world. Here Is the record: Belgium per capita debt.. .... S 72 13 France ' K' " 218 27 Germanv , 48 10 GreatBritaln" " " 100 0 Italy " " 74 25 Vera " " " 140 08 Portiigsl " " " 104 18 Russia " " " 35 41 Spain 73 34 UnitedStates" " " 23 00 Free trade England Increased her rato of taxation between 1S70 and 1880 over 24 per cent. The United States diminished hers nearly 10 por cent. DEVELOPMENT TTNDER PROTECTION. Measured by its usefulness in the devel opment of the country the protective tariff is again unfailing. No nation in the world has reached such a degree of development as we have attained in tho last 30 years. In every department of industry, in everv ave nue of human endeavor, we have Illustrated the most marvelous advancement, and in those years we have risen in industrial de velopment to the very first rank in manu facturing, agriculture and mining, leading every other nation in the world. It is saicf by our opponents that this system enriches tlio few and impoverishes the many. Wealth in England has been concentrated in tho hands of tho few to a far greater extent than in tho United States. Cardinal Manning, in December last, wroto as follows on the sub Ject, speaking of free trade. "But it has created two things the Irre sponsible woalth, which stagnate?, and the starvation wages of the labor market. Wo have these two worlds always ana openly face to face the world of wealth and the world of want; the world of wealth saying in its heart, 'I sit as queen over all toilors and traders,' nnd the world of want not knowing what may be on the morrow." Tho masses of our people, those who labor, whether in the factory or on tho farm, are richer in real wealth than in any other country on the globe. MORTGAGES OFTEN MEAN PEOSPEISITT. It is also said that protective tariffs have inoreased the mortgages of the country. This is an idle and absurd statement. Let me remind you that mortgages are not always an evidence of poverty. They are much of toner tho best evidences of prosper ity. I admit that mortgages given for liv ing expenses, for grocery bills, for taxes, etc., do give evidence of the poverty of tho mortgagor. But If a workman in this clty,bav lng accumulated $1,000, concludes be wants to buy a home, and finding one which will cost him $2,000, pays $1,000 in cash and gives a mortgage lor tho remainder of the purchase money, that mortgage is not an evidence of povetty. It is the strongest evidence of tno thrift and prosperity of tho mort gngor. Horace Greeley, the late dlstingnished edi tor and founder of the New Tork Tribune, has summarized in a most striking manner tho effects to the country of the two tariff sj'stems. Ill 1869 ho wrote: "Our years of signal disaster and depres sion have been those, in which our ports wero more easily flooded with foreign goods; those which intervened betwixt the recog nition of our independence and the enact ment of the tariff of 1789; those which fol lowed the close of our last war with Great Britain and were signalized by Immense im portations of fabrics; those o'f 1837-42, when the compromise of 1833 began to be seriously felt in the reduction of duties on Imports, and those of 1854-57, when tho Polk-Walker tariff of 1846 had had time to take full effect. No similarly sweeping revulsions and pros trations ever took place I think none could take nlace under tho swav of efficient nro- tection. Mr. Clay, in 1832, after premising that the seven years preceding the passage of tho tariff of 18-21 had been the most dis astrous, while tho seven following tho pass age of the act had been the most prosperous that our country had ever known, said this transformation ofthe condition of tho coun try from gloom and distress to brightness and prosperity has been mainly the work of American legislation, fostering Amerlcnn industry. Instead of allowing it to be con trolled by foreign legislation, cherishing foiclgn industry." GOV. CAMPBELL WAS OFF. Ho Made a Sad Mistake "When He Referred to the Old Tariffs His Argument Turned to His Own Destruction Ohio Democracy On "Wool. Governor Campbell, in hU epeeoh accept ing the nomination of the Democratio State Convention, speaking of the earlier tariffs, said, "that the tariff of Washington, of Ham ilton and of Jefferson averaged only 7Ji per cent. Theso laws he commends and would have us return to them. I fear ho is not familiar with those early tariffs. In the eightyears of Mr. Jefferson's administration the ayerage ad valorem, rate on all imports, free and dutiable, was 19.75. In 1804, in the midst of Jefferson's administration, the average rate was 23.40, not 7 per cent, as Mr. Campbell stated. In 1820 the average rato was 22.29; in 1830, 45.31; in 1840. 15.45; in 1850, 23.10; in 1660. 15.C7: in 1870, 42.23; in ISiO, 29.7; and in 1S90, 29.12. These are the average rates unon all articles, both free and dutiable. Under the act of 17S0 "the tariff of Washington" tho duty on common salt was 10 cents per bushel, and later in Washington's time salt 'was Increased to 20 cents per bushel. Under tho law of 1890 it is less than 6 cents per bushel. This enormous duty on salt would the Governor have us reimpose? Tho duty on coal under tho Washington and Jefferson tariffs was equal to $1 40 a ton; while the tariff on Coal under the new law is 73 cents a ton. The duty on cordage under the Washington and Jefferson tariffs was 2 cents and 2 cents a pound; under the new law it is cents a pound. The duty on nails under tho tariffs of Washington and Jefferson was 2 cents a pound, and under the new law it is 1 cent a pound. CAMPBELL "WAS BADLY MISTAKEN. The duty on twine and pack thread under the tariffs of Washington and Jefferson was 4 cents a pound; under Madison 8 cents a pound, and under the new law it is from 7-10 cents to 1 cents a pound. The duty on raw cotton under the tariffs of Washington and Jefferson was 3 cents a pound; under the new law it is free. The duty on molasses under the tariffs of Washington andJcffer. son was 3 nnd 5 cents a gallon; under Madi son it was 10 cents a gallon, and under tho new law it is free. Thedutyon sugar, brown and raw, under the tariffs of Avashington and Jefierson, was 2 cents a pound; under the Madison tariff it was 5 cents a pound, nnd under the new law it is tree. The duty ou loaf sugar under tho tariffs of Washing ton nnd Jefferson, was 9 cents a pound, un der the Madison tariff it was 8 cents a pound, and under the new law it is i cent a pound. Under tho Washington tariff thero wero but 17 articles only free of duty, and hero they are: Saltpetre, tin In pigs, tin plates, lead, old pewter, brass, Iron and brass wire, copper in plates, wool( dyeing woods and dyeing drugs, rawhides, beaver and other furs, and deerskins. In the new law 300 par agraphs are required to name the articles Continued on Tenth JPagi. PITTSBURG, AUGUST 28, 189L GUARANTEE OF PEACE I Furnished by the Visit ofthe French Fleet to Portsmouth. GERMAN AND RUSSIAN OPINION' Srnseovites Think England Will Not Join the Triple Alliance. DIFFERENT TIEW TAKEN BT GEBMANX BT CABLE TO THE DISPATCH. J IiOndon, Aug. 22. Copyright. Madame France's little tislt for afternoon tea at her friend, Mrs. England's, has re sulted pleasantly enough. She has been shown all her neighbors' new clothes and furniture and has had her own best raiment worn for the occasion, Inspected and out wardly approved. The utmost politeness in fact has been maintained throughout the various European households. Dame Russia has only nice things to say about Madame France's visit to Mrs. Eng land, although she knows that thero will be comparisons made and conclusions drawn, and believes that Mrs. England, however polite Bhe may be, talks about her behind her back and considers that her housekeeping is not the best. Even Erau Germany, who knows that Madame France hates her and openljr slanders her, takes a calm and polite view ofthe interchange of courtesies between the two neitrhborintr households and even ex- L presses her opinion that it is pleasing toob- serve tne states wen togetner in unity. THE TALE: OVER BACK PEKOE3. At least these are the views disseminated by the statesmen and ministers of the sev eral countries mentioned, who may be likened to servants retailing over the back fences the opinions they know their masters and mistresses to have formed. Grtat satisfaction is expressed in Paris at the gracious manner in which the Queen received Admiral Gervais. LalAberU re marks that the reception ofthe French fleet by the people and authorities of Portsmouth . and by the Queen herself surpasses in point of cordiality and kindness all the promises of the programme. Soir calls on the French Government to he as adroit as England, and, seeming that both countries have need of each other, to take advantage of England's advances by arrang ing the Newfoundland, Madagascar and es pecially the Egyptian difficulties. This would detach England from the Triple Alliance. THE TBIPLE ALLIANCE. "She affirms that she is already de tached," says iSblr, "and we wish nothing better than to believe it. But we should then be much more certain," Soir thinks. "Italy would then abandon the alliance so that Germany and Austria would be left alone. It suggests that Germany, to over throw the Oronstadt agreement, might throw over Austria, leaving her to be attacked by Eussia and Italy while sho her self attacked France." The visit is attentively, watched by, the German press. It is generally admitted that the visit has no political object, but is merely an evi dence of the desire of England to live at peace with all the world. In an article on the visit, in the Vbstische Zeittmg, the writer observes with regard to the visit, of the French officers to the arsenal of Portsmouth, England has more to gain than to lose by this inspection. A GT7ABANTEE OP PEACE. "Portsmouth," gays this journal. is the most important arsenal in the world. It is impregnable from the sea side, and it con tains everything necessary for the construc tion and armament of ships of war. In the dockyard at this momentlies a mighty iron clad royal sovereign ship of more than 14,000 tons, and the forerunner of a series of similar vessels. In this powerful means of defense, which in spite of all her efforts France cannot equal, lies perhaps a guar antee for peace, for the greater the respect felf for England's fleet, the more will France hesitate to measure herself with it in deadly earnest." The writer further expresses the opinion that the visit will have no political conse quence. The visit of the French squadron to Portsmouth continues to evoke nothing but an expression of satisfaction from the prin cipal .Russian papers. It is argued that the unusual honors accorded to the French visitors afford clear proof of Great Britain's intention to seriously associate herself with France and Bnssia in their common object, the maintenance of Euro pean peace, instead of as was recently feared joining the Triple Alliance, which in a Bussian view menaces that peace. The papers add that from this point of view the visit to Portsmouth would appear to strengthen instead of weaken the results of tne visit to isrousiaufc. TOBACCO IN ENGLAND. The Reduction of Duty Increases the BTe- sne From the Weed. BT CAITLE TO THIiDISFATCn. 1 . London,. Aug. 22. The-Commissioner of Her Majesty's Customs, in his thirty-fifth report-to the Xord of the Teeosury, gives some interesting statistics regarding the consumption of tobacco. In spite of a re cent reduction in duty the gross reveuue irom tobacco in 1890-91 reached the sum of 9,717,784 pounds, the highest figure ever attained, or an increase over the total revenue for 1889-90 of C03,157 pounds. This increase, the commissioner points out, is derived almost' entirely from the ordi nary cut tobaccoconsumed by the working classes, whose improved wages has un doubtedly assistedto bring about this sat isfactory and gratifying state of revenue: whereas, in 1877 the consumption of the I weed per 100 ot the population was 1.49, and it was last year 1.54, against 1.43 in 1889. The amount of drawback paid on snuff has increased to such an extent that it is re carded by the Commissioner of Customs as unsatisfactory, and the attention of Mr. Goschcn is invited to the best means to hold in check attempts to evade the existing provisions of the law and regulations made to meet the evil. ACTIVE ME. GLADSTONE. He Catalogues a Library for Kecreation and Chops Down a Tree. fBT CABLE TO TUB DISPATCH. London, Aug. 22. Mr. Gladstone, it will please good Americans to know, is in the best of health and shows not the slight est diminution of energy. He has had a lengthy correspondence with his lieuten ants this week and has watched the Parnell Dilion controversy with so close an eye thatParneli had scarcely time to print a misstatement before the watchful Liberal leader at Hawarden was upon his track and setting him right. Yesterday, for a little recreation, the Grand Old Man drove over to the new vil lage library, where he remained for fivo hours cataloguing the volumes, as a labor of love. This morning he removed with his ax a tree which, to his experienced eye, seemed'superfluous. GLADSTONIANS ABE HOPEFUL.' The Prospects in the Lcwisham Contest Decidedly in Their Favor. BT CABLE TO THE DISPATCH,! London. Au?. 22. The prospects for the "Lewisham election are improving daily for the Gladstonian candidate. Ho has made immense strides with the luke-wana eleot- TEE PLATFORM FROM ore who, without strong political convio tions, look upon voting as very much a bore. The new register shows, so great has been the change in the constituency since the last election, that of the 10,000 voters 6,000 are absolutely new residents, and as these aro to a great extent workingmen, the radical element will surely predominate among them. The Tones are lamenting that the elec tion falls in the full holiday season, when so many of their supporters are absent on a vacation, a cause which will operate to a much smaller degree with the Gladstonians. Whatever may be the result it is certain to record a startling political change as com pared with the last election. A BUNGLING HANGMAN. MUCH TALK OTEB THE GHASTLY TAKING OFF OF JOHN CONWAY. Executioner Berry' Accused Try the Prison Physician of Being Drunk He Denies the Charge and Blames the length of Kope That "Was Used. D3T.CABCB-TO THE DIST-JLTCH.1 London, Aug. 22. James Berry, the .leading hangman of Great Britain and Ire land, is at present engaged in a controversy with the physician of Jurkdale prison, in Liverpool, concerning the execution of John Conway Thursday morning, on which occa sion the head of Conway was jerked from his body at the end of the rope. Berry claims that this accident occurred because the physician insisted on a six-foot-drop in stead of four feet six inches, snd the physi cian claims that the -man's head came off be cause Berry was 'drank. Of course. Berry insists that he was not drunk, but the reporters who' were present s:iv that his conduct was extraordinary. One writes that Berry was rough, sharp and rude to a degree never before witnessed at Kirk dale. He insisted, immediately after the pinioning had taken place, upon placing the white cap on the murderer's head before he left the corridor of the reception house, a thing never before heard of. Father Bonte at the time objected to this procedure as utterly unusual, and felt jus tified in removing the cap. Conway there fore left the reception house, where he was pinioned, without the white cap, but in passing from the first set of rooms to the scaffold house Berry took the opportunity of replacing the cap on the prisoner's head as he had originally put it. It has been brought out at the Coroner's inquest that the hangman has bungled one or two other executions, and hints of ghastly detail have been published in some London papers. Berry's contention, in which he is probably right, is that the Government is to blame, in prescribing the length of rope to be used in hanging a man, instead of leav ing it to his experienced judgment. Berry has informed a reporter that he has made a series of scientific calculations bywhich he. gives a man rope according to nisage, weight and, size of his neck. BALMACEDA SEIZES SILVEB. H Transports ft In a British Blan-of-War and Complications aiay Result. London, Aug. 22 The Tuna to-day pub lished a letter from Lisbon in which the writer declares-thatPresident Bolmaceda of Chile, being unable -to borrow money, seized the silver bullion in the treasury of Santi ago de Chile which was stored there as se curity for the fiduciary circulation, and that he tried to transport this silver abroad as payment for ships and arms ordered in Europe. The writer of this letter adds that Bolmaceda was not able to hire a private vessel to undertake the transporta tion of the silver and he finally persuaded the commander of the Espiegle, a British man-of-war, to convey a million dollars to Montevideo, where that sum was landed on August IS. The Times, commenting upon this letter, says that it is confident that that was done without the consent of the British Ad miralty, adding that it seemed as though a British man-of-war had been made .the ac complice of a downright robbery. The transaction, the Times says, demands a full and prompt investigation. Harvest Excursions Via the Pittsburg and "Western Eailway, August 25, to Kansas City, Atchison, Leav enworth and St. Joseph at fare one way. Extension excursion tickets to points west of Missouri Kiver at fare and a third. Bates for tickets to points inthe Northwest based on fare one way to Chicago and fare and a third beyond. All tickets good thirty days. California Avenue "Will he the finest avenue in the city. Take the electric cars and examine the beautiful building lots in the "Bidzeview" and Grande Pointe plans. Get plans and par ticulars from A. Z. Byers & Co., 9a Federal street. xusu WSIOH M'KINLBY BPOKF. LOYE AND fflAMJE Did Not Go Very Well Together in Isadore Wertheimer's Case. WHAT HE DID FOE BELLE BILTOtf. His Pursestrings Were Always loose for Her in Her Adversity. SHE P.EMEMBEE3 THE KINDNESS NOW rSPECIAt, TELEGBAM TO THE DISPATCH.l London, Aug. 22. Toung Isadore "Wertheimer, who achieved international distinction less than two years ago as the co-respondent in the Earl of Clancarty's. suit for on absolute divorce from the Coun tess Atti, when the Earl was Lord Dunlo and the Countess had just changed her name from Belle Bilton to Lady Dunlo, has this week directed the course of his destiny into thobonkruptcy courts. It will be Temembered that "Wertheimer, although a co-respondent, was not a had young man. Tt was proved to "the satis faction of a British jury" that he had hod no guilty relations with Lady Dunlo, dur ing the year her Lord was absent by his father's commands, but that, on the con trary, Wertheimer, to cite the Thackeray nian view, "for all the wealth of the Indies would do nothing for to hurt' her." It was shown in court that "Wertheimer's debts were 6,078, and his available assets 99 8s Id, in addi tion to a claim tor 0,000 in connection with a mine. He told the Court that he was a law student, hut that in 1880 he went into business with his father, who was a bric-a-brao dealer in Kew Bond street, at a salary of 500 and a percentage of the profits. That brought his income up to be tween 2,000 and 3,000 per year. LIVED ON STVE POUNDS A DAY. This amount proved insufficient for the youth to keep a stable, chambers in Jermyn street and a house in St. John's Wood, and in 1889 his parent settled his debts on con sideration that he should go away from Lon don for a year and subsist upon 5 per day. Ho had scarcely been gone four months when Lord Dunlo married Belle Bilton, of the music hall stage and the Corinthian Club, who had in her absolute possession the young bric-a-brac dealer's heart, and when the Earl of Clancarty or dered the young husband to India for a year with the chaste hope, as he admitted in court during the divorce proceedings afterward, that his daughter-in-law would be driven to protsitution by poverty. Wert heimer could not resist the temptation that drew him back to London to be Lady Dun lo's guardian angel until her husband's re turn. He took for her a house in Avenue Boad; he gave her three horses and between 300 and 400 worth of jewelry, for which he still owes, but though he lived In the same house .with her ladyship and drove her home in his Erivate hansom from the music alls each evening, neither the driver of the hansom nor the servants of the house saw aught in the conduct of the pair that transgressed the laws of good conduct, how ever social conventions may have been out raged. HIS KINDNESS "WAS UNSELFISH. Nor did Wertheimer's unselfish offices cease when Lord Dnnlo's snit for divorce was decided against him and he returned to his lady's arms, for when the disappointed and angry Earl of Clancarty, who promoted the divorce proceedings, cut off his son's allowance, and that young noble man was forced to subsist upon his wife's earnings, it was Wertheimer whose purse supplied the deficiency in the house hold expenses. It is pleasing to note that now the Earl has gone under his mausoleum and his son inherited his title and estates that the Countess has not forgotten her ad mirer's generosity, as is demonstrated by the circumstances that it was shown in court that she only recently loaned Wert heimer 120, and has not put in any peti tion with the rest of the creditors for its re turn. Nevertheless, Isidore has gone to the dogs. His four race horses, whose names, by the way, reflect the pleas- .' .:i:t r (i, ,-.,,. ;,,' nature, "Sweetie," "Tootsie," "Sugar" and "Sweetheart," have been sold, his chambers and their furnishing distrained for rent, his credit gone at his omtfitters and nothing left him but his wardrobe and "the bitter memory of unkissed kisses and songs that ne'er were sung." Children's School Suits. School opens in another week. It's time to think of buying the boys neat suits or pants for rough and tumble wear. We offer nice cheviot and cassimere boys' suits, (short pants) for $250, also nice long pants suits for boys aged 14 to 18, for ?3 00 and H 00. P. G C. O., Pittsburg Combination Cloth ing Company, corner Grant and Diamond streets. Want Advertisements One cent per word In The Dispatch now. LIOLNM WAS, Jolin BusseE Young Divests the Martyr of the Hists of Adulation. THEPLADfEVEBY-DATMS Injustice Has Been Done Nicolay in the Hamlin Controversy. HIS DUTIES AND THOSE OP HAT. Difficulties That Surrounded the President at the Capitol. GRANT MIGHT HATE THWARTED BOOTH tWKlTTEX TOB THE DISPATCH.! I, have been reading with interest the dis cussion between Colonel McClure and Mr. Nicolay as to the nomination of Andrew Johnson. Colonel 3IcClnre quotes me as a witness. I am afraid I must decline the honor. Tho gentleman whose words he cites bears my name, it is true, but is a bet ter authority. Moreover, I could take no part in the discussion of a statement made by Colonel McClure. It would be decisive. I could never bring it within the range of controversy. The memories of Lincoln recalled in thesa interesting narratives belong to history. They form part of the materials from which the man as the ages will know him mu3t ba drawn. I saw a great deal of Lincoln from time to time during the war. Por a time I was the private secretary of John W. Forney, who as secretary ofthe Senate and owner of the Administration newspaper, The Chronicle, was near the President. I saw him with the eyes of a boy, vividly, how ever, as our vision generally is in these plastic observing days; had when requisite familiar, ready access to him recall many incidents of good will and recognition. There .remain to me many memories of Lincoln, which with somewliat of a sense of duty, I gather up and add to the discussion of the hour. HIS DELATIONS TO LINCOLN. I scarcely venture to speak of Lincoln as a friend. Years and our stations made that an impossible relation. But as I looked upon his cold, white brow and the peace ful, deeply-lined face lying in state under the Capitol dome, I felt that a friend had Eassed from me, and as such I have ever eld him. If there is any logic in the drift of politi cal action, I shonld say that Mr. Lincoln could not have desired the renomination of Mr. Hamlin in 1864. To go back to the be ginning, Mr. Hamlin was an afterthought at the convention of 18C0. When Seward was defeated and the enthusiasm of the Lincoln people abated, the first question was: "What shall be done to please the Seward men? Give them the second place; give them anything, so that they will go home and work for the ticket. Horace 'Greeley, as a New Yorker and a leader in the sewara overtnrow, was deputed to go to the Seward people and qffer them any olive branch, an olive grove if necessaryf if they would accept Lincoln with good will. They had simply to name their 'Vice Presi dent, and he would go with a whirL Mr. Greeley, as he told me the story himself, went to one ofthe Seward leaders if I re member, to Edward D. Morgan, then Gov ernor of New York with the peace offering. Morgan himself might ran. But no I The Seward men were implacable. The Lincoln people, with their wigwams and rail-splitting and all too lavish outpourings of beer, had bowled down their divine Seward, and so they must make or mend matters with their rail-splitter as best they could. Tha Seward army had lost all but honor. That honor shonld not be bartered for a Vica Presidency. Bather let it be carried to the feet of the sage in his Anburn home, and they would contemplate the campaign with the quiet dignity due-to their great leader and their own lacerated hearts. HAMLIN "WAS AN ACCIDENT. If not a Seward man, was there no con venient Democrat, some convert from the Democracy? John Hickman, of Pennsyl vania, was pressed, but Pennsylvania was torn by the Montagues and Capulets under the respective'banners of Cnrtm and Cam eron. Hamlin, as so often happens when a convention lapses into indecision, was the first to come to mind and so was named. It was a nomination without strength, and in the Vice Presidency Mr. Hamlin was an unknown quantity, so far as aiding the ad ministration was concerned. When 1804 came other Democrats were in dazzling prominence. Other States than Maine had become the battle ground. And moreover, and this assnwdly could not have escaped the keen, watchful eyes of Lincoln, around Hamlin as around Chase there were crys tallizing elements of an opposition. Keen, watchful eyes, that knew when to open and when to shut, as Chose, and McCIellan, and Hooker and others saw when the decisive moment arrived. So far, therefore, as the wishes of Ham lin for renomination were concerned, 3Ir. Lincoln felt undoubtedly that everything should give way to the Presidency, and that the Presidency was his ground. Ha had no illusions about it, was in no way in sensible to its attractive belongings. Simon Cameron said to me that Lincoln, had ha lived, would have had a third term, and that he had told Lincoln so. "No one," said Cameron, "could have cleaned up tha war-belongines in four years, and whilo Lincoln lived the country would have al lowed no other hands to make a mess of tha job." This, however, was a faraway speculation, even when it was made. I note it as a tona of the political color at the time. A IEIBUTE TO NICOLAT. I should dissent in cold justice from soma of the estimates placed upon Mr. Nicolay the tendency to dismiss him from this con troversy as a kind of upper servant, holding toward Mr. Lincoln a mechanical wooden relation. I knew Nicolay well in the Lin coln days, and have always thought that tha President was fortunate in nothing so much as having in the inner circles of his executive family John G. Nicolay and John Hay. I have not seen Nicolay in years, and he has passed out of my lite. Hay I see onca in an era exchange a signal with him as ships that meet and part at sex In tha Lincoln days they wero close to the Presi dent. Nicolay, a German by birth, had the "close, methodical, silent German way about him. Scrupulous, polite, qalm, obliging, with the gift of hearing other people talk; coming and going about tha Capitol like a shadow: with the soft, sad smile that seemed to come only from tha an idea; one upon whom a suggestion was never lost, and if it meant a personal serv ice, sure ofthe prompt, spontaneous return. He had, as I infer, great powers of applica tion, the endurance so often seen with tho thin, frail body, upon which disease seemed to be doing its work. A man without ex citements or emotions, never saying any-thing-worth quoting, and in that regard in valuable as a private secretary; absorbed in the President, and seeing "that the Execu tive business was well done. Much of that work, the clerical part at least, came into ' a I 4 4 u i 4 1 A
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers