SECOND PftRT. LESSONSJNLOYALTY Taught l)y Many Eloquent: Orators to Great Crowds of Happy People PILLING SCHENLEY PAEK. Over a Hundred Sweet Voices Join in Singing Praises of a Nation's Prosperity, FAVORITE SPEAKERS CHEERED; Bj an Open-Air Audience Standing Ttto! Hours to Listen to Oft-Told, bnt Ever-Fleaint Tales. THE GREAT GRAXD STAND FILLED., Fffechts by the Jlaror, John Dalzrll, Enpt. Lnctey, Chancellor Holland, Dr. E. A- TVosd, & V. Trent and Brrada. HITIXG OrtSIXG FOE THE GUAM) CEIXBRATIOX Exercises at the grand stand in Schenley Park began at 11 o'clock yesterday morning and the programme was carried out in fulL Other events of the day will be found on another page The May 1'estiral chorus did not respond in as full numbers as was expected, bnt the best voices were there, about 100 trong, which made up for the mining ones. All the speakers on the pro gramme appeared promptly. A crowd of 5,000 people clustered about the stand and its numbers were not diminished from the opening until the close at 1:30 p. at. First came a inarch by the Great "Western Band. It was en titled "Schenley Park." It was composed y Prof B. Wcis and dedicated to Mayor "ourley. An overture of American National rs brought considerable applause, and then t May Fetival chorus sang the National tnn. Following this flavor Gourley yped forward and said: fxixiw Amxrioas We are assembled .-e on this propitious morning under tlio aial sky, in this beautiful park, the gift of ijood woman, and under the benujn in aeuce of freedom, to celebrate In a befitting inner tho anniversary of a great daji Wherever born, whatever our religions, liatever our occupations and under What ever conditions we are to-day Americans, fine and all. One hundred and fifteen years aso the representatives assembled and MRned the Declaration of Independence. The loyal old bellman in the State Uouso on that day gave the new-born nation the first note of freedom. We arts here to-day to fulfill the prophecy of Adams, that this day w ill be commemorated as long as men livo and hearts beat. Jmoked a Blessing From Almighty God. He then introduced Rev. David Jones, who made the opening prayer, and asked ihat the observance of the day might ever prove a blessing to the country and that the smile of the Almighty God might rest upon the community and nation. Follow ing this the chorus sang the "Star Spangled Banner," and Prof. George 3L Slecth re cited the Declaration of Independence. Its familiar passages called forth loud applause. Alter the treat Western Band had render ed "Stabat Mater," District Attorney Bur leigh assumed his position as master of ceremonies, and introduced to an enthusi astic crowd Congressman John DalzeH. He was greeted with cheers as he stepped out on the platform and began to speak. His address was as follows: On July 2, 1776, the Continental Congress passed tho resolutions which finally sepa rated the American colonists from the mother country- Tho Declaration of Inde pendence was pronounced two days there after. And so it Is nearly six score years bince patriotic old John Adams, member of the Continental Congress, writing from Philadelphia to his wife in Boston, used these memorable words: "The second day of July, 1776, will be the most memorable epoch in the history of America. I am apt ' to believe that it ill bo celebrated by suc cessive generations as the great anniver sary festival. It ought to be commemorated by solemn acts ol deotion to God Al niighty. It ought to be solemnized with pomp and pride; with shows, games, t-ports, guns, bells, bonfires and7 Illu minations from one end of this continent to.lhe other, from this time for ward forcvermore." We meet to-dny in God's onn temple, 'neath the unpilhtrcd arch, in the summer MinMiine, midst the trees, and to the music ,of"unning water in proof that John Adams was a prophet indeed. Here are the games, (-ports, bonfires and illuminations that ii-stity the glad joy ofa great and prosperous people in the realization of tho blessings of civil and religious liberty. Whose heart does not si ell with gratitude to-day, whose lips are dumb of thanksgn ing, whose nature den-snot warm with enthusiasm, when he i-ce above him the starry banner of his glorious country, meaning as it does, the equality of man and the sovereignty of the people? Our colonial fathers w ero heirs to English liberty. They had Magna Charta and Declar ation of night. They had all the muniments of individual freedom won in all tho cen turies of jiaxon conflict and of English history. And had there been no encioach incut of practice or theory we might to-day hae been British subjects instead of free ! American citizens. But, thank God, our lathers cared not for theory when it tailed of conformity to practice. They wanted not sentiment, but facts. And so, for the theory that in the Divine economy some are lords, some dukes, some princes, they substituted the sober lact that all men are created free and equal. As Wonderful as a DrAm. This was the first step in the new epoch of the civilization that has followed. How pregnant, niy countrymen, of results? The century and more that has followed tho Declaration 01 Independence hag written for us a story that rivals the dreams of the Utopians of an earlier day. For tho first time in the world's history the people, acknowledged as the source of sovereignty, Igovern themselves; under a constitution w hich the greatest of living Englishmen has declared to bo "the most w onderful work e or struck off at a given time by the brain and purpose of mnn.'r In the enjoyment of liberty regulated by law we have made rapid strides in moral and material advancement. Provision has been made for the education of nil. Honest labor meets its fair reward. Merit everywhere rinds recognition. The avenues to place and power are open alike to tho lolticstand the humblest. Peace and good order pre vail. Law reign. Manufactures and the arts flourish. The fertile fields of a conti nent have been turned toward the sunlight, and the desert has been made to blossom as the rose. Civilization has marched across prairie, plain and mountain, planting the church and the schoolhouse, lounding cities, bnilding railroads, carrying the reign of law, no that our flag to-day sym bolizes the national authority lroni Eastern to Western ocean. From three millions we have become sixty-five millions of people. Wo arc the wealthiest people on the face of the globe. Xo other nation enjoys such credit as ours. I am not boasting, I am only stating sober facts. Tbev are facts, however, that give us a right to boast. One merit, and thn great mentof this 4th of July festival is that it jp brings us face to face with our greatness and our growth, with our advantages and tho legitimate sources of our pride. Onthisonedayintheyear we bury strifes, sink all differences, banish all enmities, and grasping each other by the hand and looking ech other in tho eye, glory together in the fact that we are Americans. To-day wo are only all brethren of one family, fellow coun trymen of Washington and Lincoln. But the Fourth of July spirit has relation not only to the present, bnt to the future also. If we wonld continue tocelebrate this anniversary day we must keep alive the spirit of 1776. Wealth and luxury are apt to demoralize nations as they demoralize men. A successful government of tho people Im plies a virtuous and intelligent people. A virtuous and Intelligent people implies vir tuous and Intelligent individuals. It per tains to every American, therefore, to seo to it that he faithfully and conscientiously per forms the duties of citizenship. In the midst of our glorying wo must not lose sight of the fact that grave social and political problems lie in our pathway. Their proper solution will tax the highest statesmanship, the deepest philosophy, tho most intelligent muugiu. ,very loyai citizen suouia icei that the responsibility of their solution rests w ith him, and should act accordingly. Lot us then to-day, prond of our past, thankful for our present, light anew from the altar of patriotism the torch that shall light us In the future along the pathway that leads to the sturdy virtues and the correct principles that have made us great and shall make us yet greater. Clarence Burleigh Springs a Pun. The chorus sang "Hail Columbia," after which Mr. Burleigh said: "The school master is everywhere needed in this great country, and we ara lucky to have one with us to-day. Let me introduce to you Super intendent George J. Luckey, of the public schools." The pun was "applauded, and then Mr. Luckey made s. brief speech. He said: It is possible for a monarchy to exist long after Its people have ceased to love it, but not so a republic It Is the individual ap preciation of freedom's blessings that pro serves our Government. This feeling is de veloped in our youth. I cannot say that I sec the relation between shooting crackers and patriotism, but it Is there all the same and each youngster as he pops his littlo ex plosives in the street Is learning a lesson of love for his country whoso prosperity he celebrates. The speaker concluded with the story ofa boy whom he once asked who were tho greatest five Americans. The little fellow replied: "George "Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln, TJ. S. Grant and the Fourth of July." . The band then played an overture from "William Tell," which excited a round of applause from the audience Mr. Burleigh then said: "The next speaker who will address you is a Chan cellor. For my part I do not know what a Chancellor is. I have the pleasure of in troducing to you Rev. "V. J. Holland, Ph. D., D.D., Chancellor of the Western Uni versity of Pennsylvania." Chancellor Holland spoke as follows: Fellow Citizexs For the purpose of Illuminating the darkened understanding of my friend. Mr. Burleigh, as well as to convey to your minds a bit of useful Information, permit mo to say that a Chancellor, accord ing to tho etymology of tho word, is "the chief clerk." The term has a somewhat varied significance, according to the func tions of the person who bears the title. In niy case I may be permitted to say that I hold tho title under the charter of the West ern University, as the equivalent of the name "president." I hope Mr. Burleigh now understands the matter. Chancellor Holland Charges Bobbery. Before I go a step further, fellow citizens, I have a powerful confession to make to you. Last night, when I seated myself to prepare for the present occasion, I opened a volume of the published correspondence of John Adams, the second President of the United States, and one of the signers of tho Declaration of Independence, and choso as the text of my speech the passage which my honored friend, Mr. Dalzell, quoted at tho outset of his oration. I feel that Ihavc been robbed of one of tho best thunderbolts I had In my quiver. But I suppose I must make the best of the situation. As we reflect upon these words of Presi dent Adams, we cannot fail to be impressed with the thought that he was possessed of a quality of mind surpassing mere Yankee shrewdness. He was girted with prophetlo instinct. He had risen to the heights of' vision, which is given only to tho poets and seers of mankind to tread. And I have been led to consider what was the character, not only of tho author of these words, but of those associated with him In tho memorable transaction we are to-day met to celebrate in the very way he loresaw more than a hundred years ago. In studying the charac ter of these men wo are Impressed by the fact that they were in the highest sense patriots. Whatever other noble traits of mind and heart thev may have possessed. they were actuated Dy tho spirit of the most exalted patriotism. Patriotism has been variously defined. There have been those who have degraded It in their thought to simple adhesion to the dictates and tenets of a party. It has been regarded by some as a modification of that sentiment which we sometimes speak of as "love at home." But true patriotism is more than the attachment which a man feels for the spot in which ho was born, and in which the lines of his Hie have been cast. If wo retain the time-honored definition of patriotism as "love of country,'" we must construe the latter word in a wider than tho mere geographical sense. The patriot is not merely a man who is attached to the place in which he li es, but who loves those associ atcd with him as the inhabitants of tho same place. The patriot is a man who loves his lellow citizens, who Is devoted to their wel fare, whose purpose Is to defend and pro moto their well-being ana their honor, and to preservo for them in order to this end all institutions and agencies capable of being employed as instruments of good to the peo ple, and of destroying and putting out ofthe path everything thatc militates against na tional honor and weltare. The thought of benevolence, self-sacrificing dovotion and inexorable loyalty to the principles of truth and of justice enters into the conception of true patriotism. Not Statesmen for Bevenue Only. Tested in the light of these state ments we discover that the men of 1776 were in tho highest sense patriots. Ko man can read the private corres pondence aud public utterances of the men who signed the Declaration of Inde- Eendence without feeling they were actuated ytho loftiest sentiments of devotion to their fellow men and by a most unselfish spirit. They were not statesmen "for reve nue only." The Interest they took In public affairs was not founded upon the desire to secure the honors and the emoluments of public office, or legislative concessions which would put wealth Into their pockets. When they resolved to utter the Declaration of Independence they staked in tho act, as they well knew, "their lives, their fortunes and their sacred honor." In tho correspond ence of President Adams is a letter ho wrote toDr. Bush, of Philadelphia, in which he gives an account of his early connec tion with the Kevolutionnry movement. He says: "When I went home to my fam ily In May, 1770, from the town meeting in Boston, which was the first I had cvw at tended, and where I had been chosen in my absence, without any solicitation, one o'f their representatives, I said to my wife; 'I have accepted a seat in the House of Bep resentatlves, and thereby have consented to my own ruin, to your ruin and tho ruin of our children. I give you this warning, that you may prepare your mind for your fate.' fche burst into tears, but Instantly cried out in a transport of magnanimity: -Well, I am willing in this cause to run all risks with you, and be ruined with you, if you are ruined.' ' ' r. Snch were the men and women of the Rev olution, and it is well for us to keop the memory of their lives and deeds green in our hearts forever. They were actuated by no low or sordid spirit. The movement iney inituucu. wuicu lea to tue oirth of a mighty nation, was a revolt against blind selfishness, political greed and cruel Injus tice. They knew they were right, and with the same spirit which bore up tho martyrs in an earlier age, they prepared themselves for the struggle through which they went, and through which theGodof eternaljustice and truth brought them at last to victory and peace. . Fellow citizens, true patriotism in Its last analysis is founded upon an appreciation of the principles of righteousness. That man Is in the best sense, whether in time of peace or of war, a patriot who has learned the meaning of that Golden Bule, which He who was more than man has laid down for the guidance of ns all, and who doesuntoothers as He wonld that they should do unto Him. Following "Bed, "White and Blue" by the chorus came the address of Dr. E. A. "Wood. In introducing him, Mr. .Burleigh remarked that the audience would now have the pleasure of hearing the originator of "Ground-Hog Day" and a member of a pro fession whose whole object was to keep peo ple ill. Dr. "Wood spoke as follows: Dr. E. A. Wood Inspires Patriotism. Amid the - pagoantry and.general joy-of- this our national holiday has the thought ful, old-fashioned American vo cause for resentful lnurmurings of discon tent? We have so much to be proud of and rejoice at that any defect In our national affairs, especially- on this glorious day, passes unheeded. Our beautiful flag with its eagle and Its stars rising and falling on the breeze like a benediction; the hum of in dustry: commercial prosperity; orchard and field bending with fruit and grain, and white robed Peace piping her songs of triumph over a smiling land, constitute a thrilling and beautiful picture, and at its contempla tion we toss our hats in the air nnd Join 111 the acclaim that this Is the grandest country In all the world. And It Is! It is! We are consistent In making this boast, al though we may feel away down deep In our hearts that some blotches mar the picture that this mighty Republic has some weak spots vulnerable to the shafts of an ever watchful rival. Broad domains, fertile soil, populous States, wise laws and honest rules, while they are great blessings, and blessings which excite our pride and gratitude, ai-o not enough in themselves to round out in all its completeness the full measure of a people, a free people who possess as we pos sess the grandest empire on the globe. Some thing more Is needed, and that something is race superiority. Tho people ol tho grandest nation should themselves be the grandest race. We havo a superior government; are we a superior race? Indeed it is a question of whether or not we are a race. It hat been charged that we are a nation without nationality, that w e lack that characteristic, that homogenity which stamps itself on the people ofa nation and maits them as a peculiar and distinct race of people. That, while there is an Ital- through the nations of Europe, there Is no American race. Americans for America. This charge is largely true, and as a truth wo should give it heed, for It is pregnant with influence over the fate of this country. Xo other race but a home-born and a home bred race, with a large preponderance of native blood, caueverlove and care for this country. We must havo a nationality for our nation, or tho nation must perish. Wo not only want America for Americans, but we want Americans for America. We want a homo-born, homo-bred race, with at least a preponderance of native bloodmixed with tho best blood of foreign races. As things are now drifting, with the dis proportionate Influx of foreign blood, under oua present system of unrestricted immigra tion the old native American stock Is being bred out of existence. Foreign races come here faster than they can be assimilated, andourraceislostin them. Wo, invito to our shores foreign prejudice, ignorance, superstition, politics, manners, and customs, and foreign flags; and worst of all, wo invito all races, and some of them very bad races, to come here and mix with our race, and then we stupidly and shamelessly endure the taunt that wo aie mongrels with the blood of all races commingling In our veins. History is repeating Itself; the Indian went down before the tidal wave of European invasion, and the old native American stock Is slowly and sadly but surely following toward the same inevitable destiny. If un restricted immigration continues, in less than a half century tne pure nanvu .imenuau will be as scarce ns the wild Indian who once roamed over theso hills their lord and master. Suffering From Too Much Immigration. Wo have heard the cry, perhaps applauded it, that this country is tho asylum for the oppressed of all lands. This saying and its twin brother, viz: all men are equal, has done more to injure the United States than all other causes combined. This country the asylum for tho oppressed of all lands! However wise may have been the policy in tho past the time has come when unre stricted immigration should be branded as a crime, dangerous to our Government, de structive to our home institutions and latal to the development and establishment of a native American race. We must make Immi gration elective, and America herself must cast the vote. Asylum for the oppressed of au lands! .Nations take advantage of this our maudlin philanthropy, by dumping on our snores the offscourings of Europe, Asia and Africa. The asylum for tho oppressed of all lands! How about the oppressed in our own land? How about the American mechanic and laborer, driven from their toll by Imported cheap labor hired at starvation wages by that insatiable bondmaster, the corporatlon lst? Organized Capital and Contract Labor twin partners, born In crime aud nursed in despair! Wealth and .Poverty the toads and lice which menace a land fairer than the Egypt ofthe Nile. .- . Ahl my countrymen, it won't dot' "Wo pos-i sobs a fair country, we have built a fair na tion, we maintain it, and hope to perpetuate it, for what? Not for our posterity, but lor tho vagabonds and lazzaronl of Europe. Much attention has been paid in this country to the breeding of fine horses, with the result that the American trot ter is noted and prized the world over for his beauty, his speed, his endurance and his lion-hearted courage. The dumb horse shows what the American environment may do to wards bnilding a race of animals. Suppose that our horse-breeders were to proclaim that this country is the asylum for the broken-down hacks ol Europe; suppose that these oreeaers were to imitate our uovern rilent were to do with horse-flesh as our Government does with human beings, meet the rag-tag and bob-tails as they land at our seaports, welcome them and pilot them to the green pastures where graze and romp tho thoroughbreds and the American trot terbow long would it be until our breed of horses would become scrubs? Fellow citizens, our Government Is pur suing that very line of policy to-day, and tho result Is Inevitable our race must be scrubs. Let Us Better Our Own Race. Love of race, like charity, should Degin at home. Let us pay a little regard to our race as we have to our nation. Let us better our own race at whatever cost, at any sacrifice, and let other races take care of themselves. It was the practice of this policy that made ancient Greece what she was that bred men and women so strong and fair that they walked the earth like gods and goddesses; it was by ignoring tho policy that she lost her nationality and her grand race. To-day high Olympus Is .tenantless, the dust of the priestess lies prone on tho crumbling shrine, hostile armies trample her sacred soil, and the modern Greek Is without home, country or ambition. It was her system of caring lor her own race that madcJtome . tho mistress of the world and that lisd her eagles and her cross into every land and sea. It was by crossing her patri cian blood w ith plebeian that of her own slaves and that of the Goth and Vandal that she lost her supremacy and gave the world the Dark Ages. The superiority of the Anglo-Saxon race was from the admix ture of the best blood of three grand races tho Saxon, the Norman and the Briton bred in and In foiv generations, until the English people and their descendants are among the leaders ofthe world. The United States flag floats over every public school house in this Commonwealth. That is one object lesson, and .a commenda ble step toward a return of old-fashioned patriotism. But while our flag, like a mem ory and a mentor, floats over the roof let there ho another lesson taught in the rooms below: let there be written on the walls of our school houses what should be the slogan of this Bepubllo America for Americans, and Americans for America. The band played a selection from the "Beggar Student," and Mr. Burleigh intro-. ducedS. TJ. Trent as follows : Wo will now hear a lawyer, which reminds me of a story concerning them. There wore two Irishmen walking along a country road ono time, and they came to a cemetery. They observed a small tombstone, on which was the inscription : "Here lies a lawyer and an honest man." 'One of tho Irishmen said: "Be gob, thev have put two men into that hole.1' With this story I present S. U. Trent, Esq. Mr. Trent's speech was as follows : The Story of a Sacred Day. "Tho day of our nation's birth is still sa cred in the affections of our citizens. The founding of our Republic is not only one of tho greatest events in human annals, but one of the highest blessings ever vouchsafed to man. It stands now the incarnation of the idea of .which men dreamed, and for which brave hearts suffered and fought from the days of Leonidas to Washington and Lincoln. And to-day the fortunate children of the Bepnblio do well to recount the glory which has been won; the blessings which have been received. To define the ques tions now touching its progress and welfare, and to point to tho high destiny and grave responsibilities to which they are called as its citizens: In Europe I know it is fashionable to hold our Fourth of July oratory cheap, audit does, no doubt, often sour without regard to the rules of rhetoric. Nevertheless I am profoundly convinced that no eloquence can bring home to the minds and hearts of men the deep significance of this day. It marks an epoch, of universal history. It is a start ing point ofa new era in the progress and the political, religious and social life of man kind. It is the throwing open or the grandest area on the globe to the benlflcent Influence of the government and the civilization that to-day -.pour around .you- and-n.e-.and the. i . J pmsBtma, sukdat, July 5, C3,000,000 of free people such a golden aims no millions ever breathed before. We have lived but a day for a hundred years in the life of a people Is n day, and au influence Is felt to the ends of the earth. We have spoken the voice of freedom so loudly, and with snen iviiFArthfltTin Mr it,, 4a aafn in nhristendOm. The potentates and scholars of Europe thtak J lignuy 01 us in vain, uur example """.V" Ing the humble homes and rocking the haughty thrones of other lands. ""V0 contagions. Our thoughts and ways and in ventions go as far as the wind and waves go. Our benificent teachings have sent liberty, creeping like morning sunshine, round the world. Our democratic institutions are mak ing despotism ridicnlous, and our cheap products are settling the land Ques tion In England and Ireland. Wo need no standing army to protect ns from Socialism. Wo need no secret espionage to save the Government from the hands of traitors. Wo have a public opinion, which strikes the offenders against law and order with more powerful effect than the sword of tyranny. No other Government offers so many blessings to its children. No other Government has so ennobled man; so elevated women; so inspired the young men and woman with heroism and ambition: so helped them in theiraims ofllfe; so guarded the freedom of conscience; so made citizen ship glorious by the expansion of intelli gence; so smoothed the road of life, and given to all an equal chance for happiness and homes. Apatriotio devotion to such a Govern ment is one of the noblest impulses of the human heart. A patriotism that believes the glory ofa nation lies not alone In' tho extent of Its territory, in its multiplying millions of money and population, but rather that It lies In the majority of the in tellect. In the height and depth andpuritv of the moral nature of its people. The vital life ofthe Republic Is tho spirit the moral and intellectual preeminence of Its citi zens. This spirit gave to thelittle peninsula of Greece, to the city of Borne and to the British Isles the supremacy of the world and made them great gateways of human progress. It Is a History of Victory. This spirit erected and maintained our free government in surpassing grandeur. It has made the history of our flag a history of victory and of honor. It has mado itrtno bright emblem of liberty and law, of justice and authority. It has made it represent all that Is best and most glorious In human gov ernment. It alone can continue to float our flag in triumph and In peace. It alone can preserve its stars, the stars of glory, and its stripes, the stripes of honor, to this end patriotism calls imperiously that the gov ernment of the peoplo, lor the people, and by the people shall not perish from the earth. Mr. Burleigh next introduced Colonel "W. D. Moore, saying: Here you have another lawyer. When he is In condition tew can equal him in speeoh maklng. I have good reason to bellevo he is In condition now, for he left the platform a. tew moments ago and has just returned. Mr. Moore, after laughingly denying the assertion, said: Some young friends of mine have told-me this is an age of realism and they say these simple celebrations of the Fourth are but nonsense. But on investigation I have found that realism means the abandonment of all goodness, and a nation on the realistic plan Is on the verge of the grave. But I also found that our country Is not such. Glad Ho "Was Not a Realist. I congratulate you that you are not real ists, that you do not look with indifference on this day. This is a day of patriotism and memory and one when we embraco our brethren, all men, black and white, rich and poor, young and old, at last, thank God. For these wlldlands, beautiful flags and banners, and forests wo aro thankful', but it Is not us physical magnificence that we moat admire, but Its liberty and schools of knowledge and Independence. 0 what a heritage, and how shall 1 incite you to the duty devolving on you, lor this land has become yours by the blood, lives and tears that were shed. Even 28 years ago the last roll of musketry and roar of cannon told that this flag shall never be dishonored or the land divided. If there be any unbeliever or sceptic, any man whose heart is so cold or hand so paralyzed that he cannot lift bis voice to this sentiment, he is not or my Kina nor Kin, Colonel Moore then poked fun at the. Americans who wished to be Englishmen in appearance and talk, and ridiculed them 1 in snch a manner tnat laugnter was trc- .fluently provoked., -In relernng to these he said: - Tho most infinitesimal part of a skunk, the rottenest part of a log or the dirtiest cur is better than one of these. A medley by the band was given, andl Mr. Jinneigh introduced tne last speaker, Broadaxe Smith, as a preacher, a humorist and an editor, and said: He is loaded with too many accomplish ments for me to fool with, and as all the clouds have been swept away but one, I in troduce Mr. Smith. Mr. Smith made a humorous speech, and one that won considerable applause. Tho doxology was sung, and the morning exer-. cises were concluded. SCENES OF FORMER DAYS. An Old rittsburger Tells of a Trip to Phil adelphia Before the Advent of Ball roads Across the State by Canal and Stage. "I received rather an interesting letter from an old Pittsburger the other day," said a well-known citizen yesterday. "He is now; a resident of Florida, and is at pres ent laid up with a sore leg, caused by an old wound received in the late unpleasant ness, and will not be out for ten weeks or more. The poor fellow seems to be in hard luck at present. Hot having been able to work for some time he is naturally out of money. The people there are all poor and very selfish, so that he has to look elsewhere for assistance. Having nothing to do he wrote me ofa trip be made when a boy that can not be duplicated to-day. It is as follows: " 'When I was a boy steamboat ing was al most in its infancy. My uncle was a mer chant in Louisville, Ky., and had occasion to visit Philadelphia to buy goods. "We left Louisville on a boat commanded by Captain William Forsytke, in after years known by all river men. The vessel was a side-wheeler with one engine and geared in the center of the shatt. The trip up was slow and tedious, stopping every now and then for the hands to cut wood for fuel. The machinery broke once and caused several days' delay while it was being repaired. Stops would be made at little stores for provisions. We finally reached Beaver Shoals. The water was very low and the boat got aground. We also ran out of wood, and the' hands hod to carry a supply from the shoie, wading through the water to reach the boat. '"Twodeckhandsdidsomethingthatmade the captain mad and he threw them over board. They sued the captain for an attempt' to kill. We were all held in Pittsburg for 10 days as witnesses. Both sides had lawyers whose names have since become re nowned. Judge McClure was the attorney for Captain Forsythe and Col. Sam Black and Heal Darrow for the hands. The cap tain gained the suit, proving that the water was only 12 or 14 inches deep for half a mile around the boat. The trip occupied about four and a half weeks. We stopped in a tavern on Smithfield street, near where the Monongahela House now stands. We took a stage at Pittsburg to Hollidaysburg, via Greensburg and Johnttown. from there we went on a canal boat down the Juniata to the Susquehanna to Columbia and from there to Philadelphia by stage coach. Tho goods purchased were shipped by canal to Hollidaysburg and from there by wagon to Pittsburg, the canal west of the mountains not being finished. "We went from Pitts burg to Kittanning in a keel boat. There were no steamboats on the .Allegheny river at that time or on the Monongahela either. " 'We visited relatives- at Kittanning. They operated a furnace and afterward built a rolling milk It was a wild country then, Pittsburg being a small village. New Xork was a small city, and everybody in the West bought supplies in Philadelphia. My grand father was. with General Braddock when he was killed at Braddocks Field. My peo ple were in Pennsylvania for a few days at least. Signed: 'Stick in the Mud or Old Eeb.' D. B. Caldwell.'" WKECKM OF WILLS. Allegheny County's Becord of Sus tained Appeals a Small One. ONLY TWO BROKEN THE PAST TEAB. How Testamentary Laira Differ in a Number of the States. MATTERS OP LOWER AND COURTESY The frequency with which wills have been contested of late years in some States, and the increase of contests during the last year or two in Pennsylvania, has inclined some people to think a remedy might be devised. One by which a testator might make and file bis own will before death is wanted, and in case it was not attacked within a given time, thenceforward be free from contest. The opinion by one who has had much to. do with the matter for many years, though, is that the law in Pennsylvania is ample to regulate lor the best interests of all con cerned. It is argued that in ' cases where the fathers have eaten sour grapes or the mothers, either, for that matters-children who suffer from the results, and whosfi teeth are on edge, should not be made the victims of parents' sins, but as stated above,, the matured legal opinion of this State seems to be that no improvement can be suggested. The. reasons assigned are that; if a contestant cannot show good cause for contention he is charged with the costs, and if ho can show it he is entitled to remedy, which would not be the case were the sug gested writing testamentary allowed to stand in course of a given time without contest, as there are many cases in which one who had good reasons for contest might, be prevented from making it within the, specified time. Satisfactory for Sixty Tears. Our law has Been in force in its present shape for 60 years, and is claimed to have. given very satisfactory results, and only within the past two years have contests been frequent. The risk of having a heavy bill of costs in case of failure is considered generally sufficient to prevent abuse. During " all of Judge Hawkins' long term of service he has set aside but four wills, and Judge Over has done the same in but two cases, from which it would seem that nearly all the decedents tf this county in the last 20 years were of sound mindandjust intentions and that ties of blood have generally been of sufficient strength to compel them to do right. Our laws against perpetuities have also been in force so long, and with such beneficial results, as to in fluence the minds of testators generally to do justice. The act of April 26, 1853, which requires a bequest or devise to a charita ble or. -religious, use to have been made a month before the decease' of the testator, and to be witnessed by two creditable and at the time disinterested witnesses, has done much to prevent litigation. In some States this kind of bequest must be made a year before the decease of tl'" cstator to be valid, and doubtless most legatees think this pro vision is still better than our 30-day one. One ofthe Best of Provisions. The provision that the intent ofthe testa tor shall be effectuated, if just and lawful, is also a good one, and it is pretty eenerallv. the same in all the States. This J enables an ignorant person to make a good ancv valid will it so disposed, uur law seems to take about ar good care of the beneficiaries as is possible. It mihtbe suggested that an: alographionvill should have subscribing witnesses to make assur ance doubly sure. Such a will is one written and signed by the testator him self without witnesses. Under our law the two witnesses required to prove such will need not be subscribing witnesses. It is sufficient for legal pur poses that they prove the testator s signa ture. The great controversy over the fa mous "bond of friendship case, which thousands of people will 'remember, proves that there is room for improvement in this respect. Though most people believed William McCully to have' executed the in strument, and that the decision in Clark's favor was just, yet all will agree that had there been two or three signatures of repu table people to that paper, much trouole and many thousands of dollars would have been saved. A statement of the work of the Orphans' Court during the past year made by Cyrus S. Gray throws light on the subject and shows that notwithstanding we appear to have had a considerable amount of litiga tion, thouch. as above stated, it appears to be still on 'the increase, yet in reality there J has been but very little comparatively. The "Wills ProDated in a Tear. The number of wills admitted to probate J Irom tne June term, iyo, to tne June term of 1891 is 611. The number of appeals from probate during that time is 15, or less than one in 41, and in two of these cases the Orphans' Court Judges sustained the appeals and their judgment has been acquiesced in. In another an issue has been awarded and the fourth has been appealed to the Supreme Court. The appeals from pro bate were in the icases of the estates of K. H. McKeever, Mathias Engstelter, John Scott, John P. Kirchner, Dorothea Maurer, Owen Clark, James Corrigan, P. G. Her man, Harvy Iiafferty, Christena Moegle, Francis Torrence, S. A. Wilson, K. C. Hen derson, John McCrea and William Tomer. Of these, those of B, H. McKeever and John Scott have been set aside. An issue has been awarded in that of Harvy Lafferty, and the controversy in the case of the contest of S. A. Wilson's will has been appealed to the Supreme Court. One of these cases set aside caused much comment among the acquaintances of the testator, and it was pretty generally agreed that the last disposition was the correct one without reference to law. ' While the law of testaments is very nearly the same in all material matters in all of our 44 States, yet as to the matter of dower and courtesy there are many devia tions. In some States people of 12, females, and 14, males( can make wills and in others they are required to be of full age. In some also marriage revokes a woman's will, while in others she is regarded as having all the power of a femme sole. IIow the Law Beads Elsewhere. In Colorado dower and courtesy are not recognized, but the survivor is entitled to half of the estate. In Delaware grants to religious corporations must be made a year before the testator's death. In the District of Columbia male infants of 14 and female infants of 12 may devise personality. Be quests to charitable and religious uses must be made 30 days previous to the death of the testator. In Florida nun-cupative wills must be witnessed by three people and they must have been asked to witness. No testimon7 is worth anything after six months. Idaho recognizes neither dower nor courtesy, but husband and wife are heir to each other. Neither does Indiana, but each is entitled to one-third of the estate and the wife to $500 personality in addition. The husband is supposed to be able to support himself without it. With the excep'ion of the 5500 in personality Iowa's regulation is the same. Kansas gives the surviving wife or husband everything if there be no children subject to debts that may bo owing. If there are children, either husband or wife takes half. In Louisiana a testator is allowed a privi lege which does nbt seem to be mentioned elsewhere. In the Pelican State a testator may make what is termed a "mystic" testament. It must be written and 6igued by the testator or" by. jaiMSffr wmr mz$m:UL i ji " .. mzimfo 6 .. 1055fe fKRC' MfWKlKil Ma8Eu&ixPUY msFaGMmzr ( I'JIIW fef?mSSr - ffl flWSHFfflBCT jh w 'mu a i ' 'mm u M?ti&iWjP-.-' If 'li . 1 JT'a 'J A iM iiBAV i ;ll (Mli'h jX'wlmP pppf ENGLA2WB WELCOME "TO EMPEROR WILLIA2I. another in his presence, and at his dictation. Then the testator must present it to a notary public, and it must be closed and sealed in the presence of seven wit nesses. The testator must then declare in their presence and that of the notary that the paper contains his wilL If he cannot sign his name he cannot probate this kind ofa will, unless be show that the disability to write occurred since making the will. Western States on the Matter. Michimm allows no courtesy, but does a. fdower. Minnesota does not recognizer dower or courtesy, but gives the survivor a life estate. In Mississippi and Montana no witnesses are necessary to an olographic will. In New Mexico husband and wife ere treated by the law as partners. In New York the widow is allowed dower, but the widower is not allowed courtesy. Texas does not rec ognize dower or courtesy, and either male or female may cut the surviving partner out. In general the laws of all the States re garding manner of probate, and the admis sion and proof of foreign wills are substan tially the same. The objection raised to allowing a testa tor to probate his own will is that the law regards the one on which it passes to be the last, and while a person may change his. will to suit himself from time to time, make codicils change his favorites, etc., every day' if he like, it would entail much trouble were he to probate it and then prove as fickle-minded as some "testators have been known to be. A CHILDISH ESCAPADE. ,Toung People, on Being Befased a TJcense, Pass as a Married Pair. CEA'WTOiiDSTILLE, Iiro., July 4. Craw fordsville is greatly stirred up over the bad break made by a couple of her young people yesterday. Allison Dodd, aged 18, and Miss Mary Quinlan, aged 15, took the morn ing train for Danville, I1L, and sent word from that place by wire to their parents that they were married. Althongh the parents had bitterly opposed the match, they concluded to make the best of a bad business, and when the young folks re turned in the evening they were tendered a reception at the home of the bride's father, Thomas Quinlan, a wealthy contractor. The silly young peoplo told everyone that they were married until to-day1, when it was discovered that they had been refused a license in Illinois and were not married at all. The young people still maintain that they were 'married, but cannot give the name of the minister Or show the proper papers. The authorities at Danville deny issuing them a license, and the affair has caused a great scandal here, where both the children are so well known, and their fool ish and inexcusable action has almost crazed their relatives. A0AIH8T THE C0PTBIGHT ACT. The British Fear England TV111 Be Flooded With American Printed Books. Ioudon, July 4. The Post regrets the loss of valuable time in the omission of Parliament to pass an act in reprisal for the American copyright act. It says: All concerned in printing and allied trades will watch the results this autumn and win ter with anxiety. If 4hey find the country flooded with works of English authors printed in America, perhaps flaccid public opinion will be stiffened up to decisive action In the next session. It is worthy of note that Germany and Spain aro not men tioned In President Harrison's proclama tion, though both German and Spanish are living languages in America. RUSSIAN CEEDITIMPAIEED. Bamon ofa Failure and Poor Crop Pros pects Injure Their Securities. IiOKDON", July 4. A serious fall in Rus sian securities took place yesterday on the London Stock Exchange, on the Berlin Bourse and on the Paris Bourse. This fall was due to reports of bad crop prospects in Bussia and to the unconfirmed rumor ofthe failure of an important Russian bank. The price of roubles and the rate of ex change also fell considerably. It is ex pected that Bussia will require more bullion. THE VATICAN DISTUBBED. Tho Decision on the Cahensley Scheme Beached After Deliberation. Rome, July '4. The comments of the American press on the Cahensley scheme of National bishops, etc., in America, made a profound impression at the Vatican. The Pope had several prolonged confer ences with Cardinals Bampolla and Simeoni in regard to the matter before coming to the decision already noted in these dispatches. Harris' -Theater. The Standard Dramatio Company will be again at Harris' Theater this week, as their performance of the "Two Orphans" "last week met with such liberal patronage that Harris, Britton & Dean re-engaged the company. This week they will appear in a new comedy drama entitled "Pair Play." The plot is one which excites the interest of an audience all through the performance and the dialogue never lags, but is sparkling and is full of pungent say ings. A number of clever specialties will be introduced, and from the meritorious work of the Standard Dramatic Company, it is fair to presume that they will give an artistic and pleasing performance this week. The Seashore Coast. The finest bathing in the world is at Cape May, Ocean City, Sea Isle City and Atlantic City. That every person may enjoy a dip in old ocean, the Pennsylvania Bailroad has arranged to run a special excursion to the seashore on July 9 at the rate of $10 for the round trip, with the privilege of visit ing any one of the above points. The tickets are,good for ten days from date of sale. A special train will leave Union sta tion, consisting of this company's finest passenger coaches and Pullman's magnifi cent parlor cars, at 8:50 A ai. These tickets will also be available for passage on trains leaving Union station at 4:30 and 8:10 p. m. on the above date. Passengers taking ad vantage of the morning train are afforded a daylight ride and an excellent view of the Aiiegneny -uouniains, urtiwug ut jruud- , delphia at 7:15 that evening, proceeding to the seashore on any train following day. THE STRIKE'S SECRETS. A Philosophical Labor leader's Views ofthe Late Failure. WHY IT COULM'T BE SUCCESSFUL. 'The Time Poorly Chosen and Too little Fi nancial Help in Sight. WHAT SHOULD HATE BEEN CONSIDERED A philosophical labor leader oi an analyt ical mind yesterday summed up the situa tion and from the wreck of the late strike. derived some grim satisfaction. He says the utter collapse of the carpenters' strike will eventually make its union effective, or else it will cease to exist at all, and the latter contingency he does not admit. He refused to allow himself to be quoted, as he said he didn't want a lot of men maddened by defeat running after him until they had had time to recognize the soundness of his position. In the first place, he stated that ofthe 1574 men who went out on a strike 1427 were still out on Thursday. Neither Gompers norMcGuire accomplished any thing worth talking of, as 58,700 a week were necessary to support the movement and all it received in nine weeks was 58,000 from the backing of the first named and, 53,700 from the latter. The war could not: be prosecuted without money and last Mon-, day tho Exchequer was exhausted and sur-j render became a necessity. The Insufficient Funds at Hand. At the beginning of the strike the carpen ters unions had only 516,000 in their treas ury, though their membership is 80,000. Even this 516,000 was not applicable, as it composed the insurance fund and in a membership of 80,000 such fund is drawn upon weeKly. This 516,000 could not be legally used if a desire to use it had exfsted in the entire organization. Now individual local union treasuries are scooped1 dry of both defense and insurance funds. Outside support amounted to very lit tle and the -, strikers lived as they could and are each out $200 or $320,000 altogether. Flint Glass Blowers' Union No. 4 gave 5100 individ ually, and the Amalgamated Association could do nothing. Some of the strikers feel particularly displeased with the action of the National Flint Glass Blowers' Asso ciation, as they wanted to borrow 520,000 from it, and couldn't get it without giving land security, and then the associa tion only oflered to lend 55,000. The carpenters spurned the offers, both first aud second, as 55,000 was of no use and as to the larger amount, if they could have had it on the terms demanded.it could have been rejected as the same might be had at any bank with funds to loan. The strikers did not want the publicity, such a transaction wonld give or they would have gone to the banks regularly. They did not want the world to know that the neht must be made on credit. Kb Help From the National Union. "The carpenters' unions claim to have 80,000 members. An assessment of 25 cents a head was made four weeks ago. This ought to have yielded $20,000, but not a cent came from the National Union. The result of it all is that the carpenters are badly whipped and more or less demoral ized, but I take considerable comfort out of the situation, as I believe the defeat will ultimately benefit them, and the disastrous result ofthe present movement has been or will be a lesson to labor generally on the necessity of knowing how to do it. "You ask me what I would have done? Well in the first place I would not have allowed a strike nntil the men were able to make a long fight, jf neces sary mainly on their own resources. They had a right, of course, to expect material as well as moral support from their guild, and also Jn extremity from other organiza tions, but this should always be considered as a last resort. Then I would not allow factions. The strikers split, while the Builders' Exchange presented a solid front, and further, the striking carpenters did not have overly much sympathy from sister unions. Then the strik ers should have calculated the desperate chances against them in such a battle. Builders who had taken contracts long be fore should have been expected to make a desperate resistance, lor the success of the movement meant their ruin. I couldn't cry for some of them, but I recognize their right to every advantage they could get in such a struggle. The Time Not Well Chosen. "Any man of intelligence knew that the time was illy chosen. Money had been scarce for six months and trade drooping for eight months. Again, the strike of one class of building mechanics for eight hours, while another class necessarily employed on the same work was willing to work nine, verged on stupidity. Suppose a contractor had 20 or 30 bricklayers at work and the carpenters quit an hour before them on a day when joists were to be put up or window frames set, do you suppose a contractor would want those 20 or 30 bricklayers standing around idle an hour waiting on the carpen ters, the wages of the former running? If common cause had been made in this mat ter the carpenters' position would have been greatlv strengthened. "These things should all have been con sidered, and the carpenters should have had a treasury sufficient to support them during a long war. Take the flint glass workers, for instance, with 120,000 in their treasury. If they strike they can do so with little fear of the consequence, should the contest be prolonged. They can go into their fish ing camps and live cheaply, and enjoy themselves without apprehension. As long as a man is well fed and is not feeding on credit he can enjoy a vacation." Reduced Bates to Minneapolis Via Pennsyl vania Lines July 0, 7 and 8. Tickets for sale at all ticket stations of these lines, good to return until July 15, or return limit can be extended to August 26. For particulars apply to any Pennsylvania Line agent. Tursu Blaine. OUTLAWRYJN CHINA, Cause and Effect of the Kiots Eeported From the -ilowery Kingdom, DANGER FOE AMERICANS. In the Light of the Xew Orleans Affair Protection Is Dubious. THE RECEPTION OP MISSIONARIES. Opium's Part in the Efforte to-Christianiza the Celestials. A LETTER FROM JOHN BUSSELL TOUNG CWR1TTEJT FOB THE DISPATCH. The news from China is alarming. The American fleet has been ordered to the open ports, and we have adismal travesty of a naval force; the Admiral is doing what hs can to protect our people. A letter written to me in the latter part of May by a distin guished American resident in China, says: "We are now in the midst of excitement and alarms. Riots to the right of us; riots to the left of us-at Yangchow, at Wuhn, at Nangking and the population at Shanghai with difiiculty kept down. The whole val ley of the Yangtze is seething with excite ment. The animosity is directed ostensibly against the Catholic missions, upon the old absurd stories of taking out babies' eyes, etc. Really, however, it is believed to be the result of secret societies aiming to over throw the Government and the dynasty. The stories from China, whether in the public prints or in private correspondence, may readily awaken concern. I read of decrees from Pekin directing "summary justice," and do not doubt the prevalence of an angry feeling among the Chinese. But the outbreak stories are to be accepted .with reserve, as they sometimes seem essen tial to a living interestin naval affairs and diplomacy. The smallest incident, a jostle, loud words, or a brick thrown into a mis sion house can easily become a "riot," espe cially with foreign navies, in a state of inertia, craving something to do, zealous to "protect" A Nice Place for Big- Damages. Then we have the sanguine foreigner, ever keen for "damages." The literature of .mendacity will never be complete until some of the claims on record in the various Legations are published. The "damage" a Chinese mob can accomplish, the "precious property" it can destroy when engaged upon a consulate or a mission house, would, were the items in a "claim" made public, give a curious bnt. I am frank to say, erroneous idea of the sumptuous luxury which marks the life ofthe foreigner in the East. When to these claims are added the sums of money that might have been mado by an honest merchant had the mob not interfered, we can understand the temp tations to welcome an outbreak and to ask for damages at the point ofthe naval guns. The Chinese authorities have doueevery thing to restrain their people from riot and punish themaIevolent. -This being the case, and accepting- the dogma laid down with so much clearness by Mr. Blaine in his cor respondence with the Italian Minister, that the United States does not "insure the lives" of Italians who make this country their home, it is hard to see upon our Amer ican construction of international obliga ions that we have any grievance with China. Missions have been looted and Consulates sacked, but I do not read that lives have been lost. Outrage has not risen to the terrible dignity of massacre, yet at one Consulate on the Yangtze exemplary damages have been paid, and jn other places rioters haye been beheaded- China, therefore, stands better toward the United States than our county toward Italy. New Orleans Slob Leaders for Congress, Italians were slain in New Orleans when under the protection of the laws, and the Italian Consul compelled to leave New Or leans under circumstances which made hU departure an indignity. I have not heard of indemnity, ana as for punishment, the leaders of the mob will probably be in the next.Congress. Americans in China will have the satisfaction of knowing from Mr. Blaine's dispatches that their lives are not insured. Logic, however, is not always at its best in diplomatic procedures, and as a matter of fact, so far as the guns of our poor navy have a carrying power they wiU be used to protect our countrymen on tha Yangtze. This unrest in China may be attributed, I think, to the unsettling: of things which comes with a new sovereign, and especially after a regency. The peace which has pre vailed since the suppression of the-Taeping rebellion in 1865, and the maintenance of friendly relations with foreign powers, with the exception of tne episode with France, may be attributed to the enlightened rule of the Prime Minister, Li Hung Chang. This great statesman, whom General Grant described to me ds one of the four great men he had met in his journeys the other three, Gambetta, Bismarck and Lord Bcaconsfield has been virtual ruler of China since 1871. To him we largely owe China's good relations with the outside world. It was his genius that brought his country with honor out of its contest with France. He was friendly to the United States until friendship was rendered almost impossible by the wantonness of our action on the restriction bill asking China to sign a treaty which she had herself proposed, and then without awaiting her answer treat ing her with the assumption that she did not mean to keep faith and the foolish Russian intrigue into which we were drawn in our recognition of Corea as an autono mous and not a dependent power. The Corean Affair is Inexcusable. The restriction incident might have been explained. Time would have deprived it of lasting importance as the question at issue was an English shipping interest and one in which China has only a sentimental feeling. The Corean, business, however, in which the American Government aided the hand of Russia in the Muscovite game for the Empire of Asia, is among those diplo matic problems which it is impossible to understand. It was the severest blow ever dealt.to American influence in China. In addition to the accession of the new Emperor, the advancing years of Li Hung Chang may affect current affairs. I fancy the Premier would have promptly brought peace to the valley of the Yaugtze were years not telling upon him. Nor can we discern whether the influence that will take his place will be friendly or otherwise. Tho relations of China with foreign States cannot be abrogated. They must strengthen and- advance. Any pro posal to return to the statu quo before 185!) would be regarded as hostile by the powers. Since these relations must exist, since neither commerce nor civilization can per mit their destruction, it is the policy of the foreign powers'! to strengthen them, and American policy to strengthen China, and to view any interference with its indepen dence as a peril to our just influence on the Pacific. Avnen we speak of American in terests in China, however, we practically mean the labors of missionaries. Our com- I '1 fl iS& 2. uJu2e'j . ihaJsMldkiiiiiij
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers