THE LANDQF RICHES. Modern Promise of the Long-, "Worked Gold and Silver ilines of Mexico. TJKDISCOTEBED TEEASUEE And Working That WiU Be SiftedJ Over Amun With Profit TORTUXES FKOMKEW JIAOHLWY. Primitive and 'Wasteful Methods Must Soon Be Abandoned. IEGEM)S ABOUT THE EAPJiT, CR(ESUSES tOOTSESrOSTESCE Or THE DISPATCH.) ZACAiECAS, Mexico, June 23. CITY of 50,000 people a mile and a half above the Bea. A great jum ble of fiat-roofed, bos-shaped houses built close up to cobble stone side walks above anct t ork of tunnels which run in and out across and above each other niiix all the wan derings of Bosa mond'i Bower. These tunnels dug Silrcr Erlcka. through veins of f olid silver! Silt er in specks all around and about jou from the hundreds of mines which dot 'he sides of the mountains to the clear sih ey sky winch hangs overhead. Th - is i bare outline of the great Mexi ciii nu..'s city of Zacaticas. Here cvery ti in.: is s Icr. In the days of Cortes the rr in--, ncre iorkcL and from then till now ten ork has gone on, giving hundreds of Ei ii ns to the world. It goes on still, and unuer my feet the Aztecs of to-day are work ing away as they did in the past, and across the way I see the mules tramping their h"ofs off in the vitriol and quicksilver n ith w hich the crushed ore is mixed in or der to reduce it for the market. Mexico's Wealth of SHtct. Mi xico hn given tho world more than ft 'i.OcO.vKW worth of gold and silver and n i . h of the Utter has come from here. This une region is full of silver. The mount a in on e ery side, and, in fact, in nearly e ery part of Mexico, are tilled with ore, a d from the Pacific Ocean to the Gulf of 31 xico there is a vast country of incalcul a1 o possib.lities. Travelers and oldMexi c i tell me that the southern part of the o. at y is even richer in minerals than the r ru ern part, and all agree that the land i ! i t a yet ben prospected. The west e ii cojt contains undeveloped regions of i. n jii 6, Ivor, and this will soon be opened to t.ir ra.iroaus. In Uuhuanua, just north of here, then are mines out or wweft 344,000,000 have bf en tali.cn in about 130 years, and seven 'r r.-ie bv stage to the west of these are It i opilns mines, which are owned by j fcCM?. a. xj. i -sr i ; '.zsrzw ty ---tx Ti 4 Z21 y(i r i ? Oi- &ivr- rw" l -Si-4 Orushing the Ore. Governor Shepherd and out of which ho is taking great quantities of good ore. Bo far he has put all of his profits back into his mines, and he Is, I am told, developing them on the same magnificent 6cale that he Improved "Washington City. He lives in Tho nope of a "Vast Fortune in the future, and is spending, it is said, in improved machinery and fine mining furni ture what any Mexican or ordiaary Ameri car wmld consider a fortune. About 12 re i Irom Chihuahua there is a little mining territory the sire of an Ohio town ship, or about six miles square. It is among the mountains, and in it more than 200 mines havo been developed. The veins run down into the earth, and 50 of the shafts are more than 600 feet deep. These mines havo been worked for nearly ten cncTitions, and the mines of Governor Pe.iherd are 2o0 years old. They have a ''-. o.v cost millions, and it is easy to spend irstlifi s in the development and iurnishing of a mine. T-e Count of Eega, who made so much o t of the famous mines at Pachuca, spent, It ! r&'d, 52,500,000 on his reduction works of 100 years ago, but he cleared 500,000 a year out of them for 12 years, and was so rich that he had a wav of making his dis tinguished guests walk on bars of silver when they came to see him. It was one of his descendants who founded as a charity tho Go eminent pawnshop of Mexico and the original Count who began life by driving mule, and who bought nis title for a cool million, when he struck it rich, lnd the cheek to ask the King of Spain to come to vi-it him. He "0 ould Plate tho "Walla of his bedroom with silver if he would do so, and that wherever he walked about the place lie should have the paths paved with silver bars. Count Kcgla made an immenso fortune, and these mines are still among the largest in the world. Still on these very mines some .English capitalists lost millions. They spent something like 20,000,000 in developing them some years ago and got less than three-fourths of that amount. This was at the time that England had her last great rae for American investments. It was ol n u 50 years asjo, and they then lost more than '50,000,000 :n Mexican mines. Tin i laea smilar craze to-day which extend to all kinds of svndicate enterprises in the United States. They are buying our breweries, our saltworks, our iron loundries and our railroads, and the same is the case with Mexico. A great deal of English capital is now coming here, and though they have been trying to swallow up the cotton factories and other industries, their chief investments have been in mines and estates. I saw an Ameri can nt Silao. who has sold out his mines scar Guanahuato to an English company at a big profit, and has held enough of the fctock toive him a big thing out of the promts if tl.ey make any. He gets a good salary for managing the mine, and is now piacing on the market a big mining rone m Sonora on the West coast, which he has discovered. Ilcclalmlng the Old Mines. A great deal of capital is now going into the redevelopment of old mines in Mexico. Humboldt estimated that there were 3,000 mines in operation in Mexico at the begin ning of the oentury, and if the legends are correct there was never so great a success in Mexican mining as at the time when the i . il tiJ - f vm csE VVPiJ Spaniards were overthrown and driven out of the country in 1821, when the Eepublio was founded. At this time the most of the mines in Mexico belonged to them. Dur ing the revolutions which followed each other in quick succession these mines were abandoned. They became filled with water, and the names and records, and in fact the very locations of many of them, were lost. Others of the old mines had paid very well until the miners struck water. The pumping machinery of the time was such a9 to preclude their being worked fur ther and they have from time to time in tho past been abandoned. Such mines are to be found all over the great mining territory of Mexico and there are hundreds of men on the lookout for good ones. If Humboldt's figures are correct, there must be at least 2,000 mines yet to be reclaimed, and the search for these is active. A number of Americans are among the seekers. They talk with the Indians, Iiook Up the OldXegends And now and then they find a mine which thev can pump out with our modern pumps and strike a bonanza just under the water. I met a Denver man who was going to a mine n hich he had discovered in this way in the State of Durango. He owned it in company with Henry B. "Wolcott and a Kansas "City man, and he told me they were making it pay, though it cost them 536 a ton to get the ore from the mines to the railroad and to the Denver smelters. Senator Tabor is having some trouble with an old mine which he is redeveloping. He bought an interest in the mine for ?S0, 000, and agreed to erect reduction works, and began to tunnel through the side of the hill to strike the vein in that way. "While thev w ere tunneling he did pot want his mill to lie idle, and began to work on some refuse which the owners had thrown aside as not worth bothering about. It paid so well that he kept at it, and now it is said that the original owners are making a great fuss because he is not working on the mine itself. The probability is that the matter w ill be settled without trouble, and that ho will make a big thing out of this mine as -he has out of so many in Colorado. What a Good Strike. The fact is that a Mexican mine, to be considered a good strike, must be far better than what would be considered a good mine in the United States. Miners won't touch ore here tliat would be looked upon as splendid ore in California or Nevada. A Mexican mine must pan out at least 530 to the ton or it is not thought worth operating. Iu the United States if it is worth S20 a ton, it is a good mini. I had the idea that the mining laws of Mexico were less safe than those of the United States, and that Americans and fP ) A. Hotter &Bnev. foreigners had not the greatest security of property. I have made many inquiries among miners,both Mexicans and foreigners, and I find that this is a mistake. The Mex ican mining laws are among the best in the world. They are rigorously enforced and there is no countrv where the miners of any nationality has a better chance than here. The laws permit any man to claim a mine, but in order to hold his title he must work at least four men in for 26 consecutive weeks every year. If he fails to do this, his mine, however good, can be denounced as it is called by any third party and the Government will recognize that party's right to it if he takes the mine and fulfills the above conditions. Watching; for Forfeiture. , Good mines are carefully watched hero and failure ,to work them results in their loss. As long as the law is complied with, the miner, whether Mexican or foreigner, is protected. A record has to be kept at all mines in Spanish of the work done, and (he only cases in which the government grants a fee simple title to mines is where the company gets a conoession of a zone by agreeing to keep 31 miners constantly em ployed, and within five years to build re duction works at an expense of at least a quarter of a million dollars. These mining zones are very valuable som-dlmcs and they are not granted without investigation. They comprise at times from 10 to 20 square miles of laud, and the company having the rieht to one of them can work 30 claims upon it and have the right to denounce and work such other claims in the zone whose owners do not fulfill the law. They do not, as I understand, have any right except to the mineral productsof the land. Until now the United States has done a great part of the smelting of Mexican ores. The provisions of the new tariff in regard to lead is driving them to England and Ger many, and several large smelters are being erected in Mexico. The MeKinley bill fixedthe tariff on lead so that it mates the lead in a ton of silver ore cost so much that it is practically prohibitory. An American is building one of these new Bmelters at San Louis Potosi. It will soon be completed and will be, it is said, the biggest smelter -igfryW Loads ef EOcer En Boute. in the world. It can probably be run cheaper here than in the United States, as labor is much cheaper. The Men Who Do the Work. The most of the work in the mines in Mexico is done by the Mexican Indians. They make splendid miners and they never strike. They get all the way from 50 cents to 52 a dav, don't get drunk and work right along. Here at Zacatecas there are thou sands of them, and you will not find a quieter or more orderly town of 10,000 peo ple in New England than this city of 60,000 here in Mexico. An old Californian, who has mined in both the Sierras and the Bockies and who has large interests near Guanahuato, tells me he thinks these are better workers and better men than the miners of our country. They are satisfied with what they get, and they are more polite than we are. They are for many things cheaper than machinery, and the oldest of these Mexican mines are run on theprocesscs of a genera tion and more ngo. The ladders up which the ore is carried by these Indians in bags here at Zacatecas are merely logs or rafters with notches cut into them about eight inches apart, and the wonder is that men do not fall daily. They do lose their balance sometimes. I am told, and are crashed to .yule they are surefooted, and I tsaw men pieces at tne bottom ot tne mine; but as a THE working who had passed their three-score years. All of the miners wear but little' clothing in the mines. They do most . their Work Barefooted and Barelegged and the little clothing they have on is searched before they leave the mines to see if some silver hag not slipped into it by mistake. The average Aztec nas little idea of property rights, and he takes what ha can get as a gift from God. In some of the mines the men are searched by three differ ent men, and they conceal the silver under their arms,in their ears and under their toes, and in fact in everv conceivable manner and place. Mexican honor is not built on the conscientious plan, and the mine owners take every precaution. The mines about here are not quite as old as those of Pachuca, but out of them has come a great part of $4,000,000,000 worth of gold and silver which Mexico has given to the world. It is estimated that the mines of the country now turn out 520,000, 000 worth of gold every year, and I saw a A Peon Titmtty. stream at Guanahuato whioh contains the refuse washings of the mines there and which is said to carry off about 51,000,000 worth of silver every year. There were little knots of dark-faced, bare-legged, black-haired, big-hatted Indians washing the dirt of this over and over again to catch something of what the big works had thrown away, but a large percentage is never gotten. After the ore is dug, blasted and picked out of the mines, it is crushed In a Most Frimltlve War by dragging a sort of millstone around over it, and when it has become fine enough it is reduced by what is known as the patio proo ess. Imagine a great round vat of chocolate-colored mud a foot or so deep and in the center of this a Mexican Indian in dirty white shirt and white cotton pants rolled up to his thighs. Let him have four ropes in his hand, and to each of these let there be attached one or two or three mules. Put a long whip in the other hand, and let him thrash the mules vigorously with this,keep ing them on a dog-trot as they plow their way around and around and through and through the chocolate mud for hours until it is thoroughly mixed. ThiB chocolate mud is the crushed silver ore which has been chemically treated and' is now being mixed with vitriol, salt and quicksilver in order that the silver in the ore may be united with the quicksilver, and this be reduced by chemicals, washme and evaporation until the silver is run out in bars or bricks. I saw this sort of work going on in many places, and I counted 12 mules trotting around in one of these big mud vats. They were sorry looking ani mals, and in a vat beside them I saw what looked like broken down, bob tail car horses. Upon inquiry I learned that only the oldest and poorest of animals were used as the quicksilver Botted Off Their Hoof In a rear or two and they had to be killed. The process is by no means an economical one as it wastes about 20 per cent, of the ore, and it may be that in the future the old streams of Mexico may be rewashed by our modern procesj. Practical mining is in fact in its infancy in Mexico, and the Mexico of the future will produce a much greater quantity than has the Mexico of the past. So far, it is said that every dollar of gold and silver taken out of Mexico has cost a dollar's worth of labor to get it. The fail ures and waste have eaten np the profits and while many have grown rich, many have been worked to death and have gained nothing. There are, howeveT, no better mining fields in the world to-day than here. The hills of the old regions seem to bo inex haustible, and the new fields are many. Tho new railroads that are being built all over Mexico will open up much new territory. Attention is now being turned to the "West and South, and I heard it predicted to-day by a man largely interested in mines, who has traveled over Mexico for years, that this country will be the scene of the next great mining excitement, and that it will surpass that of California in 1B49. Said het What Mexico Offers Now. "II you will take a map of Mexico and draw a line from Tampico, on the Gulf of Mexico, to Mazatlin, you will divide the country into two somewhat equal parts. The upper one of these contains the greatest of the mines now known, but they are noth ing in comparison with the mines which are yet to be developed in the South. The best of our gold mines of the future will be in the South, and the new railroad that is now being pushed down toward the Isthmus, will open the eyes of both Mexicans and foreigners. "Montezuma got a great part of the mil lions of dollars -which -he gave to Cortez from the Southern provinces, and one of his presents was a plate of solid gold as big as a wagon wheel. In the State of Oaxaca there are fine gold mines and in Sonora there is a vast field of minerals that is known to no one. The number of Ameri cans who have invested in Mexican mines is rapidly increasing and I expect to see more English and American capital come here during the future than ever before. There is, of course, a fair chance to lose, but there is also a fair chance to win and both in the re-development of old properties and in the opening up of new I believe there is money to be made by any man who is pos sessed of a fair amount of capital and an ordinary amount of nerve ana good busi ness judgment." B"rank: G. Oakfesxeb. KES. CLEVELAND KEPT COUNT Of Horr Many Hands She Shook in a Minute at a Beceptlon. Hew Tork Becorder. Mrs. Cleveland, the wife of the ex-President, has a large fund of humor In her nature. A pleasant story is related in con nection with Mr. Cleveland's visit to the South, where his wife accompanied him. At the reception held in Nash ville, Mrs. Cleveland, while receiving the public and shaking hands like a veteran office-holder, remarked in an undertone to a friend: "How many do you think I can shake in a minute?" "Don't know," was the reply: "not more than a dozen, surely." "Humph! more than that; fifty if one." "You can't possibly doit" "Well," was the reply, ''you just time me one minute. Beadyl'r And the next instant she was shaking hands "for dear life." "Time!" called the friend. "How many?" was Mrs. Cleveland's Inquiry. "Porty-seven." "Pshaw! I can do better than that; give me another chance." And she smiled and shook hands with the populace for 60 seconds more, at the rate of 65 to the minute. "I knew I could doit," she remarked, "and I think if it wasn't so crowded up here I could make it 70." Motto of a Lawyer. KewTork Herald. A lawyer who is well known to the fre quenters of a "Warren street "picture gal lery" preaches what he practices. On the back of his business card he has this Terse printed: A little whisky now and then Is relished by the best of men. It smoothes the wrinkles out of care, And makes ace high lootllko two pair. PITTSBURG DISPATCH A CIECLE OF HILLS Clad in Fragrant Forests-and Enclos ing a Crystal Lake, 'WHERE' GRACEFUL SWANS GLIDE Llfid Thrnsnes Lead a ffoble Orchestra of Waterfall and Breeze. MAEKOT EABLAND'B BIMHEB-'EETEBAT CDOEEZSTOOTE5CB OT TUB DISVATCSJ POMPTOir, N.. J., June 2& There .were six of Ins in the big "sundown," and Mr. Tan "Winkle was driving. He is a product of the "West Jersey soil, gaunt in frame, and in mind so firm of balance that the dis covery of a coal mine in his potato patch, or the opening of a belching crater in "Old "Windbeam," in sight of which he drew his first deliberate breath, would not jar one idea from the perpendicular. Under the conduct of the Innovator, who sat beside the driver, we had made a long detour on our way from the railway station to the house of the friend whom we were to visit. "We crossed running wafer at every 80 yards, so the young man of the party declared. Brown, brisk streams rushed around bends where they had cut deep hol lows, and rippled over sunny shallows with pebbled bottoms, hurrying to the river that wsb to loss them in the sea. A wide mac adamized road bordered by elms led past the quaint Eeformed (Dutch) Church with the graveyard behind it, a modern chapel and an unmodem hip-roofed parsonage nestling in the shadow of the steeple. Across the highway was the summer retreat of an opulent New Yorker, set back out of the reach of dust and rattle, a noble grove in front and broa4 lawns at each side stretching away to the twin rivers that gave name to the region, "Pompiton" in Indian dialect meaning "The 'Meeting of the "Waters." Mr. Van "Winkle thus rendered the tra dition upon the authority of his great-grandfather, and we liked the story too well to question it Memoirs of an Early Dignitary. Beyond the next bridge stood a spacious dwelling; "The old Kycrson place," said our cicerone. "The fust f the name was what they called in them days 'tjie Pol troon. Owned miles 'n miles o' land all 'roun he'n his sons after him. Th' Dom inie kuowed better'n to begin service b'foro Marian norland. 'Squire Byerson 'n his wife come into church. The family sets in th' same square pew now,but there's no waltin' for nobody to come in. Seems if rev'rence for God'n man's gone clean out of fashion. The man what owns that house now is at the bottom o' all the to-do goin' on"in Pompton to-day. New roads, new houses, new folks an more new-fangled notions in people's heads'n th' Almighty Himself could knock out of 'em. " "Why, man alivel" cried the Innovator, "Can't you see that the rise in real estate theso things bring about increases the value of your farms 100 per cent" "An how 'bout increase o taxes? I tole 'em how 'twould be when they run them two railroads through Pompton with three deep-Os within half a mile o' one another. Bays I, 'no good ken come o' bringin' sober, honest country folks 'thin an hour o' New York City,' says L Some day they'll se8 1 was right" Sweet MubIo of the Thrashes. "We turned sharply between the Palls and the hotel, rounded tne shoulder of a hill, swathed to the summit in hemlocks, and were in the heart of a forest The air was laden with resinous fragranoe) vistas, golden-green along their length, opened here and there into the sunshine. "Stop!', was the next command. And "Listen!" "We hearkened vainly for a minute. Then, from the golden-green boskiness on the lett came a musical whisper a tentative calk It was answered from the right, and further down the hill, and the recitative glided into chorus. The thrushes -were at vespers. The poetess, as chief guest, had place on the middle seat of the sundown, and the quotation, inevitable in the circumstances, came from her. That's the wise thrushl He sings eacheong twice over, Lest you should think ho never could recap ture The first fine, careless rapture. "Them brown thrushers is master hands for gittin' cotched," assented Mr. Van "Win kle. Plains road, what was a-most crazy 'bout them thrushers. I druv her over here my self a couple o times, an you d a thought she was a-listenin' to a concert at a dollar a head. She went up 'n' down the road three or four times a weeKto the city. "Jes' like a man. Ther' is them what thinks she was some kind of a workin' person. Others said she writ. Books 'n' papers 'n' sech. She was a-most a-perfeo lady, for all she was in business. I will say that for her." "Editor of ," uttered The In novator curtly over his shoulder to us. "She spends her summers here when she can." First Glimpse of the landscape. Still climbing, we were among billowing hills, softly clad in early summer verdure; wave after wave, in tints subdued by dis tance, drifted up against the horizon The heat and rush of the city we could almost see were an impossible dream. We' rnight have been in an Adirondack wilderness. The air filling our eager lungs was robbed of sea-rawness by passage over two chains of mountains, and freighted with the freshness and scent of a thousand acres of forest heights. Another abrupt turn brought us out once more upon the macadamized road, and we were still climbing. "Look! O, lookl" It was a general gasp of ecstatic surprise, rather than a cry. Prom the crest of the long hill we over looked thePequannock Valley. Bamparted on three sides against a world Ignorant of the beauty thus interlocked, the landscape smiled up to the bending heavens. Eertile fields, environing substantial farmsteads; clumps and copses of trees; winding high ways followed by rows of dwellings that, now and then, knotted into hamlets, each with its white spire pointing in silent sig nificance heavenward; the flash of many waters, like silver ribbons and Bhining shields and about and beyond all the ever lasting hills. Gentle, benignant hills, with slow, generous curves and much embracing of one another, and, as far as the sight could carry, range upon range, the last fad ing into the dim blue of the sky. An. Old Thing to Van Winkle. "Ther hex been quite a few has gone ca SUNDAY JUNE 28, in the same way you air a doin' on this 'ere very spot," said Mr. Van Winkle in good natured patronage of our transports. He sat quite at ease, elbows on knees, the palm of his left hand stroking upward and con veying a bunch of gingerbread into his mouth. It was sun-bleached on the upper side, and he champed it as a horse champs his hay. "I ain't much of a jedge o' sech things, myself. Folks in these parts ain't much sot on views." "Heavens snd earth, my good fellow!" broke out the innovator. "Haven't you a pair of eyes of your own?" "Ther' ain't no manner o' doubt on that pint an' a pair o' oncommon good ones, you bot! EF Gin'ral Washln'ton was a standin' onto Fed'ral Bock this minnit, I could eenamost make out the eagle onto his buttons. My gran'father, he use' to tell to his dyin' day, how he, bein' a farm boy in the neighborhood, oncet followed the Gin'ral an' some o' his officers clear to the top o' the rock an' see him lookin' t'ward Morristown through hit spy-glass." The Innovator-pointed out the bald fore head of the loftiest hill in the western range as the point of observation chosen in 1778 by the Commander-in-Chief of the American forces, whose main army Was stationed at Morristown. -ixu Stories of George Washington. "He slept for several nights, en route, in a small yellow cottage opposite the gate of the Byerson homestead. This cottage, known as 'Washington's Headquarters, was torn down in the interests of progress." Ignoring a growl from the thick of tho gingery beard, he pushed on: "There was a camp on Bampo Lake in 1778-9. A sword, perfect but for the surface rust, was dug out of a bed of charcoal, a foot under ground, some years ago. The coal was doubtless the remains of a camp fire. In the mountains back of Federal Kock a regiment of Ameri can troops in winter quarters, in the same year, mutinied because they were not paid. Their families were starving at home, and the whisky rebellion in Pennsylvania stirred them up. Washington sent a force to quell the revolt The ringleaders were shot and buried under the deep snow. The caves used as cellars during that bitter winter and the graves of the mutineers are still to be seen. "I 'spose th' interests o' progress 11 be hot-foot after them, b'fore long!" The growl was honest and audible. '1 shouldn't be a bit s'prised to see a wire fence roun' th' campin' ground b' next year, an' a feller at the gate to take yer 10 cents. An' a peanut and root beer stand to boot 'S long's money kin be made, city folks don't stop to ask whose bones they're makinlajholy Bhow of." A RarclyTlcturesquo Cataract. Our last pull-up on tho road was for a view of the falls from above. A large rock in the center of the river is the foundation of the dam which supplies water power for the "works." A fall of 30 feet and the jut ting spine of the great bowlder have pro duced a cataract of rare beauty and piotur esqueness. "Not the Staubbach, nor Yosemlte.nor yet Niagara," observed the back seat, imperti nently. "But fairish for a Jersey country neiehDorhood." The west wind sifted the spray into Mr. Van Winkle's beard as he turned in his seat to reply, but without impairing the stern dignity of his mien: Ther' is them what hez seen Niagara, n' more'n oncet what sez it can't hold a candle to these," waving his hand impressively. "With the exceptions, of course, o' bein' quite some bigger, an', on that account, makin' a considerable more noise." We aro to spend the night in tho brown cottage with red roof, on the east side of the lake. The pretty sheet of water is three miles long and less than a mile wide where it is broade't, and winds capriciously among hills and meadows until it is so narrow be tween "Cherry Slope" and "Sunnybank" that shouted query and answer could pass from one shore to other. Then it expands in the shadow of Hemlock Hill to gather strength there For the Spring Over the Bock and dam. There are islands about which water lillies cluster in the early morning like foam-fringes, and swans that spoil the fishing once excellent, even now tolerably and add greatly to the beauty of the scene. Throguh the northern gorge, cut by the Bamapo river, the wind blows fresh and free all the summer day. It is never really hot upon the peninsula on wihch the first summer home in Pompton was erected, twenty-odd years ago, as a refuge from the malaria and mosquitoes of a meadow-girt city. It was at first a mere box, a lakeside lodge. The accretions of later days suggest oysterllngs clinging about the parant bivalve. From mid-May to mid-October, the French windows and Dutch half doors stand open all day long, and every cool evening is seized upon as a pretext for light ing the logs always laid in readiness upon the fire-dogs in the hall chimney. The honeysuckles on the piazza are never out of bloom, nammocKs swing between tne trees, and hammock chairs offer a choice of indol ent attitudes. After dinner, tea and coffee are served on the piazza, facing the west now passing from glory to glory. The lake is incarnadine it would seem to its depths and in the wood flanking the orchard, the thrushes prolong their evening song. Mnslo of Nature's Orchestra. We listen, mutely, for awhile, t the voices of the country night; the thrushes leave off singing suddenly as a whip-poor-will begins his querulous lament; the pur ple dusks of the June twilight float between us and tho thither shore, where lights gleam out one by one in villa windows. The honey-suckle grows sweeter, although there is, as yet, so little dew that the young peo ple saunter, bare-headed, down to the sum mer house at the water's edge. One college athlete has thrown himself at full length upon the oval stretch of turf enclosed by the carriage-drive and hedged about with rose trees, not in richest bloom. His flannel tennis suit shows broad shoulders and length of limb to advantage, but, with muscles as lax as those of the laziest fellow of his class, he lies on his back, his handsome head pil lowed on his arms, lookin? up at the stars. his cigar hardly distinguishable from the fire-flies holding their nightly ball among the roses. We think of crowded "hops" and banks of wall flowers wilting upon the back benches of assembly rooms, of the glare of electric lights and the blare ot the eternal brass band; of 8x10 rooms under attic roofs; of Saratoga trunks bursting with finery; of toilettes per diem; of the clatter and smells of hotel dining rooms, and the ever-recur ring surprises conveyed in hotel bills and a long sigh of thankfulness blends with the whisper of the breeze in the honeysuckles. Joy of the College Athletes. Boats glide up and down the lake as gracefully and sometimes as soundlessly as the swans that sought their nests among the reeds at nightfall and we see presently the rise and fall of four oars as a larger boat shoots into the clear water above the larches that belt the southern slope of the lawn. Our athlete lifts his head. The rhythmic stroke has meaning and a message for his ear. A hail from the summer house is answered by a lusty cheer and a familiar crv in crescendo: "S s s! Boom! Ah! Princeton!" Alcides is on his feet with a bound and down the bank, flinging as he goes, a shout returned by the famous echo from the ter raced hill beyond the narrowed lake: "Bah! Bah! Bah! O-o-l-u-m-b-i-al" The "'Bah! 'Bah! 'Bah!" is given in uni son by the ohampions of the rival universi ties, whereat we all laugh. "We, too, were young onoe!" murmurs the Innovator, regretfully. "June was June then. At our age, it is " The soft voice of the poetess finishes the sentence "Summer Best!" MABIA1T HAKTjAKD. A Boy's Brilliant Becord. Good News. Mr. Ketcham How is your boy getting along at school? Mr. Cheatem Splendidly! splendldlyl I just tell you, my old friend, that boy of mine will make his way in the world, don't you fear. During'the eight years he's been going to school they have had 32 examina tions, and he's managed to dodge every one of 'em. 1891 TALKING TO MONKEYS. Professor Garner Sncceded in Holding Conversation With One. THE SIMIANS HAVE A LANGUAGE. He Made One Animal Address Another by . MeaflS of the Phonograph. EVOLUTION AS APPLED TO SPEECH Prof. Garner's article on "The Simian Tongue" in the June number of the Nm Se viea will fill all those with dismay who had hoped that the long-heralded approach of a universal tongue would put a stop, once and for ever, to the abomination of desolation which consists in learning grammars and vocabularies. For, if the theory put for ward in this article proves true, the "liberal education" of the twentieth century will in clude the simian tongue, or in plain English, the language of monkeys, at present only known as a gibberish which is as offensive to the ear as it is incomprehensible to the mind. Prof. Garner's theory, then, is that the speech of monkeys "contains the rudi ments from which the tongues of mankind could easily develop; and to me it seems quite possible to find proofs to show that such is the origin of human speech." I have long believed, says Prof. Garner, that each sound uttered by an animal had a meaning which any other animal of the same kind would interpret, at once. Ani mals soon learn to interpret certain words of man and to obey them, but never try to repeat them. When they reply'to men itis always in their own. peculiar speech. I have often watched the conduct of a dog as he would speak, until I could interpret his combined act and speech. I observed the same thing in other species with the same results; and it' occurred to me that if I could correctly imitate theso sounds I might learn to interpret them more fully and prove whether it was really a uniform speech or not Mysteries of the Monkey Tongue. The investigations were made; all the zoos in the United States were visited with a view of solving the mystery of the monkey tongue. They all aided me in teaching me the little I know of their native language. But at last came a revelation! A new idea dawned upon me: and after wrestling half a night with it I felt assured of ultimate success. I went to Washington, and called upon Dr. Frank Baker, Director of the Na tional Zoological Garden, and proposed the novel experiment of acting as interpreter between two monkeys. Of course he laughed, but not in derision or in doubt, for scientific men are always credulous, and be lieve all they are told. I then explained to him how it was possible, and he quite agreed with me. We set the time and prepared for the work. The plan was quite simple. We separated two monkeys which had been caged to- f ether, and placed them in separate rooms, then arranged a phonograph near the cage of the female and caused her to utter a few sounds, which were recorded on the cylinder. The machine was then placed near the cage containing the male, and the record repeated to him and his conduct closely studied. Ths surprise and perplexity of tne male were evident He Could Not Plnd Bis Mate. He traced the sounds to the horn from which they came, and, failing to find his mate, he thrust his hand and arm into the horn quite up to the shoulder, withdrew it, and peeped into the horn again and again. He would then retreat and again cautiously approach the horn, whioh he examined with evident interest The expressions of his face were indeed a study. Having satisfied myself that he recog nized the sounds as those of his mate, I next proceeded to record some of his efforts, but my success was not fully up to my hopes. Yet I had secured from him enough to win the attention of his mate, and elicit from her some signs of recognition. And thus, for the first time in the history of philology the simian tongue was reduced to record. My belief was now confirmed, and the faith of others strengthened. I noted some of the defects in my experiment, and provided against them for the future. Some weeks later, in the Chicago Zoolog ical Garden, I made some splendid phono graphio records; and thence I went to the Cincinnati garden, where I secured, among others, a fine distinct record of the two ohimpanzees, all Of which I brought home with me for study. I placed them on the machine and repeated them over and over, until I became quite familiar with the sounds and improved myself very much in my efforts to utter them. I returned to Cincinnati and Chicago some weeks later, and tried my skill as a linguist with a de- free of success far beyond my wildest opes. A Conversation With a Slmlmn. But all this was only a small beginning oi tne wonaenm discoveries, i went next to the Cincinnati gardens. When the vis itors had left the monkey house I ap proached the cage of of a capuchin monkey, and found him crouched in the rear of his cage. I spoke to him in his own tongue, using the word which I had called "milk.'' He rose, answered me with the same word, and came at once to the front of the cage. He looked at me as is in doubt, and I re peated the word; he did the same, and turned at once to a small pan In the cage, which he picked up and placed near tne door at the side, and returned to me and uttered the word again. I asked the keeper for milk, which he did not have, however, but brought me some water. The efforts of my little simian friend to secure the glass w ero very earnest, and the pleading manner and tone assured me of his extreme thirst I allowed him to dip his hand into the glass and he would suck.his fingers and reach again. I kept the glass from reach of his hand, and he would repeat the sound and beg for more. ' . jl was thus convinced that the word I had translated "milk" must almost mean "water," and from this and other tests, I at last determined that it meant also "drink" and probably "thirst." I have never seen a capuchin monkey that did not use these two words. The sounds are very soft and not unlike a flute; very difficult to imitate and quite impossible to write, xney are purely vocal, except faint traces of "h" or "wh" as in the word "who"; a very feeble "wj" and here and there a slight guttural "ch." Darwinism Applied to Iianguage. After laying down such rules and regula tions as will enable the intending student to go further into the study of the latest of new languages, Professor Garner concludes his interesting article by saying: If we compare the tongues of civilized races with tHose of the savage tribes of Africa, whieh are confined to a few score -of words, we gain some idea of the growth of language within the limits of our own genus. The few wants and simple modes of life in Buch a state account for this paucity of words; and this small range of sounds gives but little scope for vocal development, and hence . their difficulty in learning to speak the tongues of civilized men. This is, doubtless, the reason why the negroes of the United States, after a sojourn of 200 years with the white race, are unable to utter the sounds of "th," "thr" and other double consonants, the former of which fhey pronounce "d" if breathing and "t" if aspirate, the latter like "trw." The sound of "v" they usually pronounce '"b," while "r" resembles "wf or "rw" when initial and as a final is usually entirely suppressed. They have a marked tendency to omit auxiliaries and final sounds, and in all departures from the higher types of speech tend back to an cestral forms. 1 believe, if we could apply the rule of perspectives and throw our vanishing point far back beyond the chasm that separates man from his simian prototype, that we should find one unbroken outline, tangent to every circle of life from man to protozoa, in language, mind and matter. AN AMERICAN SERIAL STORY. WmXTilS FOB THE DISPATCH ZB"5T JTTXjIEIS TEEITE. OHAPTEEIH. PE03PECT COTTAGE. Thirty years ago there were not more than 35,000 inhabitants in the southerly third of California, a section of the State which to-day contains 150,000. At that date but a very small portion of the vast area of this extreme Western State was under cultivation; in fact, most of it seemed only fit for cattle raising. Who could have imagined that such a brilliant destiny awaited this faraway region, whose only communication with the world was by the wagon trains of overland routes and the single line of coasters touching at its prin cipal seaports? And yet, as far back 03 1769, there was a little nucleus of a town, a few miles back from the coast north of the bay of San Diego. Hence the city of that name may justly claim the honor of being the'oldest settlement on Californian soiL The bay of San Diego is a superb one, 12 miles long by two wide, and it not only affords necessary anchorage for merchant men, but sufficient accommodation for a squadron, the port ranking as a naval sta tion. Oval in form and having a narrow entrance opening to the west between Is land Point and Lowna or Coronado Point, the harbor is shut in on all sides. The off coast gales don't reach it, and heavy seas scarcely ripple its surface. There s no trouble in getting out .or in, there being a minimum depth of 2 feet In 1885 San Diego had a population of 15,000; to-day it has 35,000. Its first rail road dates from 188L Now the Atlantic and Pacific, the Southern Californian and the Southern Pacifio roads make it part and parcel of the great Continental Bailway THE CAPTAEf'S "WIFE system, while the Pacifio Coast Steamship Company bring it in frequent communica tion witn San Francisco. It is a handsome and agreeable city, healthful in location and with a climate in praise of which language has already been exhausted Like most American cities, San Diego is full of life and activity and very methodi cal withal in the hurly burly of its busi ness affairs. If movement be a manifesta tion of life it exists here to an intense de free. The day is hardly long enough for usiness transactions. But if this was the. case with those whose instincts and inclina tions hurled them into this whirlpool, it did not apply to those lives which were drawn out into interminable rounds of leisure. "When things come to a standstill time becomes a great laggard. And this was Mrs. Allaire's experience after the sailing of the Dreadnaught. Since iioi- inoTTi!iiT her husband's labora had en tered more or less into her life. Even when he was not absent on a trip, Captain John's relations with the house of Hollister & Co. kept him busy. Besides the part which ihe took in the business affairs ot the firm, he had been commissioned to watcn tne con struction of the clipper ship, of which he was destined to be the commander. With what zeal, yes, almost affection did he super visa the work, even to its smallest detailsl It was like the loving care of the man who is engaged in building a home in which to end his days. But it was even more than this, for a ship is not only a house, it is not only an instrument of fortune, it is a fabric of wood and iron to which precious human lives are to be entrusted. Moreover, is it not, as it were, a detached fragment of na tive soil, which is borne back home by wind and wave only to be carried away again, and which, in the end, destiny unfortunately does not always permit to return to the port out of which it first drifted? Molly had very frequently accompanied Captain John to the shipyard. These tim bers resting upon the inclined keel, these ribs so like the skeleton of some vast ma rine mammal, this planking already in posi tion, this hull with its complex outlines, this deck pierced by the broad hatches for loading and unloading, these masts lying on the ground biding their time to be placed in position, the interior arrangements, the crew's quarters, the quarter-deck and its cabins was not all this sufficient to interest her? Was it not her husband's me ana me life of his companions, which the Dread naught would shieldfrom and defend against the gales of the Pacific? Hence there was not a single plank which in Molly's imagi nation Captain John might not in some emergency stand in need ol for the safety of His lite; nor aia a uiogiui." amid all the noise and turmoil of that ship yard which did" not find an echo in her heart- . John took pleasure in initiating her in the mysteries of the work, pointing out the destination of each piece ot metal, explain ing to her the vessel's speed as indicated by the plan of construction. Molly learned to love this ship, of which her husband was to be the soul and, next to God, the master I The house occupied by John Allaire stood upon one of the loftiest terraces of the heighths which shut in the north side of the bay. It was -a sort of Swiss cottage, sur rounded by a garden containing orange and olive trees and shut in by a plain wooden fence. Aground floor with a veranda in front, upon which opened the front door and the windows of the parlor and dining room, a second story with a balcony extend ing its entire length,aud above this the gable end, the sloping rafters of which were richly carved such was this very simple, but very attractive, habitation. The parlor and dining room, modestly furnished, occu pied the ground floor, above them were two rooms, Mrs. Allaire's and one devoted to the comfort of little Walt; in thercar there was a small annex used for the kitchen and the servants. This was the home in which the captain's wife must now face the long hours of absence. The baby's nurse and 1 one servant were its only other occupants. Her only visitors were Mr. and ivirs. .Banter, the husband rarely, tho wife frequently. Mr. Andrew Hollister, as he had prom ised, often called to see the young wife, being anxious to carry her any news of tha Dreadnaught which might reach him directly or indirectly. Before any letters can reach their destination the maritime journals contain lists of vessels spoken, their touching at this port or that or anr other happenings at sea which might be of interest to shippers. Molly would there fore be kept well posted. The first few days were specially heavy and sad. Molly could not bring herself to leave the house. Kate Barker went daily to visit her and the two women lavished their attentions on little Walt and talked about Captain John. Ordinarily when sho was alone, Molly passed part of the day on the balcony of her cottage. Her gaza was turned seaward over the bay and far beyond the Coronado Islands. The line of the horizon did not limit her vision; she saw beyond it, for had not the Dreadnaught already passed far beyond it In thought she passed on board the ship, she stood by her husband's side. At this momenta vessel appeared in the offing and stood in toward the bay, and Molly thought to her self how the Dreadnaught would be sighted in this way some day and how she would loom up as she neared land and how John would be standing by the ship's side, glass in hand. The time now came when, little Walt's health mieht suffer from his being kept j cooped up too much indoors. The weather DCcame particularly nne me eeuouu wee, after Captain John s departure, and a cool breeze tempered the increasing heat. Mrs. Allaire brought herself to emerge fromher retirement, and on these little excursions was accompanied by the nursa carrying the HAD BECOME ETHANE. baby. In this way on one occasion they made an excursion to Knob Hill, the site of many villas, from which point one may look out to sea tar beyond the islands. At another time they betook themselves to Coronado Beach, where the sea rolls in angrily and ' breaks on the shore with the noise of thun der, and here they visited the mussel beds where at high tide the spray covers the beautiful rocky formations of the coast at this point Molly set her foot in the way of a wave that crept bubbling and rippling up on the beach. She touched this myster ious ocean that seemed to whisper toner of distant waters in which John was Bailing this ocean whose billows were at that mo ment beating against the Dreadnaught now wafted thousands of miles away. She stood there motionless, the young captain's ship plainly visible to her wrought-up imagina tion, while her husband's name trembled on her lips. Toward 10 o'clock on the morning of March 30, while seated upon the balcony of Prospect Cottage, Mrs. Allaire saw her cousin approaching the house. Kate quick ened her pace and waved her hand in a friendly way, as if to assure the captain's wife that she was not the bearer of any bad news. Molly hastened down to the door. "What is it, Kate?" she asked. "Dear Molly," replied Mrs. Barker, "you'll be rejoiced when you hear the news that I bring. Mr. Hollister sends me to tell you that the Flying Cloud, which enr tered the bay this morning, spoke tho Dreadnaught "The Dreadnaught I" "Yes. Mr. Hollister had Just received the information when he met me in Fleet street, and as he would not be able to call until afternoon, I hurried here as fast as possible." a "Then there is really news from John?" "Yes, dear Mollyl A week ago tha Dreadnaught and the Flying Cloud fell in with each other and' exchanged greetings." "And they were all well on board?" "Yes, dear MoUy, the two captains con versed together and the last word thai reached the ears of those on board tha Flying Cloud was your name." "My poor John! cried Mrs. Allaire as the tears gathered in her eyes. captain's wife. "If you only knew how happy it makes me. Ah, if I could only hear every day. Then the captain of tha Flying Cloud really saw my dear boy, really spoke to him? Oh, it's like receiving another goodby from himl" "So it is, dear Molly, and then to hear, too. that everything was going on well oa board the Dreadnaught." '.'Kate," cried Mrs. Allaire, "I must sea the. captain of the Flying Cloud. He will give me all the particulars. When was it that they fell in witn each other?" "I didn't learn that, Molly," replied Kate, "but the log book will answer that question and the captain of the Flying Cloud will be able to give you all the de tails." "So he will, Kate, and soon as I can dress myself we'll go together, at once." '''No, not to-day, Molly," replied Mrs. Barker. "We wouldn't be allowed -to go on board the Flying Cloud to-day." "And why not?'r "Because she only arrived this morning and is still in quarantine." "How long will it last?" "Oh, only 21 hours; it's only a formality, but still no one can go on board." "And how did Mr. Hollister learn that the two ships had spoken each other?" "The custom house officer brought him a message from the captain. Dear Molly, calm yourself. There can be no doubt as to the truth of the report To-morrow It will ' be fully confirmed. I entreat you to be pa tient for a single day." "Well, then; Kite, until to-morrow," answered Mr. Ahulre. "To-morrow mora. s -&1 4 4 hi a&, e2 ,.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers