THE PITTSBURG DISPATCH. SUNDAY, MARCH 22, 1S9L AT FAMOUS RUG? Edgar L Wakeman Visits the Town Know n Throuqhout the World for Its Great School. ITS HISTORICAL ASSOCIATIONS. How the Institution TVas Founded and the Broad Principles Adopted in Its Government. THE TTOEE OF KIKPLT DE. AKXOLD. Hew lie Buildixg Lccks i4U.eBigltiTlt Delighted Ten Hughes' Ten Brtirn. iconntsroKDENXK op the disfatchj Rugby, Esglasd, March 13. In tbe very heart of England,and in the sunniest of b11 its midland shires, closely surrounded by scenes of the most romantic and historic interest, stands the fine old town of Rugby. Roche-berie from roche, a rock or stone quarry, and berie, a court or habitation of note, you will see it called in King "William's Domesday Cook; but in the Dictionaire Celtique its orthography became Eokeby, from rue, a river, and bye, a town, that is, a river town, or town near or by a stream, which name prevailed tor many centuries. Its environment is historically remark able. It stands at what was once the edgeot the great and hiBtonc forest of Arden which lay between the banks of the Avon.Trent and Severn. In the seventeenth century the first great battle between the king's and the par liamentary forces was fouiht at Edge Hill,25 miles to the south, to which the lads of the Rugby school often make excursions; and distant from Edge Hill but six miles is Banbury, of the cherished nursery-rhyme memory, and to whose toothsome cheese Shakspeare likened Falstafij because of his rat and rich habit. 2s"ol two miles aw.iy Irom Rugby the Avon is enlarged by the river bwift, memorable for having borne to ocean wastes the ashes of "Wickliffe, when his bones were burned by order of thecoun ciljof Sienna.! The Old Romans ISnllt It Quite as near is Walling street, the most stupendous of the Roman works in Britain, and in SO-inile tramp will take you over it, in the very track of the ancient legions, into Iondon. Xot lar away, in the adjoining shire of Northampton, is Fotiiennghay, notably connected with the lives and fates cf princes, and famous and infamous as the place of execution of Mary, Queen of Scots. The grand old ruin of Kenilworth, with its memories of jousts, tournamcuts and revel ries ol Elizabeth, is but a dozen miles to the west. "While but a summer-day's walk down the gently-flowing Avon is Stratford, 1 tomb and shrine of the worlds immortal bard. Rugby was never widely noted for it had fuunded no abbeys, built no cathedrals, ongiuatcd no pilgrimages, and cut off the head of no great prince until one big hearted, big-brained Englishman, Tom Hughes, told or his boyish experiences in "Tom Brown's School Bays at Rugby" in such a winsome way, that he drew the heart of every boy, young and old, so tenderly to the brick quadrangle here that, in reminiscence and aflcction, it has become a genuine shrine for any manly sort of a fel low that ever had any school days of his own, throughout all Christendom. Origin ol the Famous School. Outside of the fortuitous fame given Rugby town and school by "Tom Brown's School Davs," the present great importance of the school as an educational factor in England had its origin in almost an acci dent, and its grandest development in an equally fortunate incident Its founder was as fanatical an old pudge as ever lived in England. His name was Laurence SneriK He was born of lowly parentage at RugUv, Bud became an ordinary nimble-fisted green grocer of the time iu London, frequenting the Rose Tavern and exciting religious brawls while in his cups. On one of these occasions an equally addle-pated haberdash er whom Sherifl had. incensed with his maudlin harangues about himself, the Lord and good layde Elizabeth afterward Queen Bess had the audacity to call Princess Elizabeth "a Jill." On this monstrous offense Sheriff ran awavasfastashis dumpy legs could carry him; had an "information" laid against "the haberdasher be ore the Bishop ol London; for which the witless purveyor ot ancient lurbelows "got a flap with a fox tail," and Sheriff got his lumin ous name in Fox's Book of JIartyrs. JThis valiant grocer died in London in 1507, bequeathing a mite of property in and and near Rugby, and, originally, 150 in money, the value of the total bequest at that time not exceeding 400 for the purpose of building "a fayre and convenient school house" in the then village of Rugbv. The master wa-s, "if it conveniently migh't be, to be ever a Master of Arts." There was also to be a lodging for four almsmen. llow the Legacy Grew. Out of this munificent bequest the trus tees were enabled, about 100 years later, in 1653, to solemnly decree a Dayinent to the schoolmaster of a salary of 3 "per quarter, and to the almsmen a gift of 7 shillings and 7 pence tier quarter. According to Green Grocer Laurence Sheriff's "will snd in ttnt," Rugby school would have remained to this day precisely this manner of a ha'peny charity. At the last moment the wary old miser repented of wasting so much money on grammar scholars and alms men, and, by codicil, substituted in lien of the grant of 150, one-third of 24 then valueless acres of land belonging to him in Middlesex. The field was an unsightly waste in the Conduit Close of Grav's Inn Fields. Alter many years, mightv London overran the spot; Conduit Fields becime oucot its most aristocratic districts; the present income lrom the property must ex-c-cd 20,000 per annum; and thisisho Rugbv School became one of the most splendid, and undoubtedly the richest non tcctarian boys' schools in the world. But better than its accidental wealth was Rugby's incidental transformation from the old sjtem of hammering and bullying to oce guided by intelligence of humanity. In 1128 along came a demure and kindly-faced man, whom tbe world now knows as the lamous Dr. Arnold. He became head master of Rugby. Methods ofDr. Arnold. Re was a quiet, unassuming man, who while he happened to embrace Christianity anr1 become a great scholar, seemed not to have forgotten that a portion of his life had been passed in boyhood and youtntime. He fought a great though silent battle at Rugby with thcold feudallornisofsnceringdiguity, lofty exclusivcness and relentlessness on the part of unaer-masters, and with the de fenders of the bludgeon generally. He got together men who would teach languages and mathematics "in hours," and practice morality outside of them. He took the boarding halls away from venal wretches, and put them in charge of under-masters themselves, whom he compelled to make homes of the halls or resign. Then he turned his attention to the bovs. He told them plainly that their days "of flogging like wild beasts were past He in sisted that they were gentlemen, and should be treated by everyone connected with Rugbv School as such. He became one of tnem, and made them know his trust in them was absolute. "It yon say it is so; your word is quite enough!" was his in variable answer io me most nrpnntimnt t-cuuoi-uoy romance xi foon became a positive crime at Rugby to lie to Dr. Ar nold, and it meant ostracism, or worse, from bis comrades to tbe lad that thus insulted the whole school. Made the Boys Their Own Governors. Dr. Arnold also practically tnmri ., the government of the school, in all petty I matters, to the boys themselves, tippointing pnciostors irom among the cleverest nnd most manly, bestowing upon them privi leges and "rewards, and exacting certain duties, as well as the strictest account ability! This abolished bullving and the lawless tyranny of brute strength in the every-day life ot the scholars. School tra ditions were not interfered with. "Fag ging" was retained; but by making it the exclusive right of "The Sixth Form," it be came more refined and bearable. He encouraged every manly sport by gen uine sympathy and personal attention and oversight. Better than all, he got down among the boys, and, without cant, preached such sermons to the students as appealed to their intelligence and practical necessities of their every-day life. Never but once did he speak testily to a scholar at Rugby. On this occasion he lost patience with a dullard. "Why do you speak so angrily, sir? I am doing the best I can!" the boy retorted. In relating tbe incident, Dr. Arnold asserted that he never felt so ashamed in his life. From this really great man's labors, Rugby schooling became the synonym of all manly acquirements. Because iiis successors have followed closely the lines laid down, the educational system of all England has been immeasureably improved by this one mag nificent model. In KugDj's Market Sonare. Rusbv town of to-day has little to at tract the stranger's attention aside from its. famous school. A maze of illy-cobbled streets with narrow pavements crowd each other for entrance to a little, irregular ob long market place, forming all manner of fantastic curyings and angles where they merge into it On this market square are the ancient inns, one that stands for the "Spread Eagle," at which "Tom Brown" was s-t down when he came in the tally-ho from Islington, and another one, still more ancient, known as the "Three Horse-shoes;" the old book shops of the place, where bar gains that would do credit to London East End dickerers are made with the Rugby lads for school books, old and new; one or two perk drapers stores; a few jewelers and music dealers; and any number of "sweets" stalls, with their endless temptings to the school boy's palate and purse. But the quaintest of these are off the market-place; tiear it on the by-streets. They are all half-houses and shops. A bell like a fire gong announces your entrance. Four generations of servers are in waiting. Old, old men, reminding one of "little Nell's" grandfather, are perched in dark, platformed corners on carved old chairs of state. A daughter, nearly as old, appears with a rush from the living'rooms, as though long and varied skirmishes with solemn-visaged but ingenious youths had made her alert for de vice or reprisal. A still younger matron, perhaps a widow, is pothering among the boxes and shelves; and prim, peachy and prudent, a young miss, conscious of her value as a trade-magnet where there arc a thousand lads to know a pretty face when they see it, comes out of the half-lights, a radiant, wheedling presence. 3Iany Carious Old Homes. Near the market squire, along these by streets are many curious old nests of homes; little stone pens with tiny windows, heayy overhanging gables, chimneys a fourth as large as tbe houses, strange carved case ments, low and narrow doors strong enough to withstand a siege, all covered by masses of ivy so packed nnd dense that they seem like habitations cut out of verdure-matted rock. Everywhere are giant old sycamores and elms; and you irresistibly follow one of these sweet old streets out on its London ward way, to catch with "Tom Brown's" eyes the glimpses which thrilled his boyish heart when he came' that autumn morning on that memorable journey from Islington with old "Blow-hard," the guard, for a companion, and drank in with innocent in toxication the desperate and lawless tale J of the brave Rugby lads and their destructive pea-shooters. "Werry out-o'-the-way, sir," observed "Blew-hanl" to Tom, in his briel hut accu rate description of Rugby. "No payin' to streets, nor no lighting. 'Mazin' big horse and cattle fair in autumn lasts a week jnst over now. Takes town a week to get clean alter it Old "Blow-hard" might have honestly told Tom that Rugby never got clean after her fairs. Nobody ever, .cotnes to Rugby when there is not a horse fair, a cattle lair, a butter and poultry fair, or one lias not just been, or is not just going to be. That is why the little market place is always a busy spot The Rugby School Building. Pushing through ibis medley of folk, you will enter a narrow street, so pinched that it is little better than a shadowy lane, and, not a stone's throw from the market place, you come suddenly upon Rugby School itself. What a fine old structure it is with its ponderous doors, arched and mnllioned windows, cre3t memorial windows, battle mented walls and pinnacled towers, jut a bit gloomy, but brave and stout and fine; and flashing into the fancy many a picture ot the grim old .Elizabethan times! Its facade stretches a grand distance along High street; and around to the east, where its imposing towers look down'overthe famous school close, the scene of innumer able mimic battles, bow the ivy has climbed those lofty walls around, between and above the doors and windows of the master's house, and leaped the very battlements above in wild and riotous luxuriance. Then, strolling along the close wall; the eye lollows the gray old clumps and projec tions of the quadrangle; lingers gently upon the lovely chapel beyond; aud little by lit tle becomes familiar with this scene" and that of boy-struggle, defeat, anticipation or victory; kweeps with an old time longing over tnis the grandest play ground iu the world; builds around every one of those magnificent old oaks some tragedy of boy hood, achievement of yonthtide "daring, or tenderer romance of early manhood; and your man's heart grows young again, as Time's gleaming shuttle flies through the warp and Hoof of your own half-held mem ories, until the eye's dim with a mist, which, to brush away or hide, you turn with a thrill of wondious re-awakening away from beneath the shadows of Rugby. Edgar L. Wakejias. BIBLE GUESSING FRAUDS. A Wily Scot "Who Has Hoped In a Small For tune by a Trick. Pall Mali lindcet The progress of Bible guessing fraud has received a sudden check at Dundee, where a certain wily Scot has been arrested on the charge of extracting shillings from the pockets of two confiding Biblical students. This was the advertisement he inserted in some 300 newspapers throughout tbe coun try: "Prodigious! 100 a week I! 150 in cash prizes for counting the words in chapters i. and ii. of Joshua." It transpired that 1,200 bad been re ceived in reply to the advertisements (still unpaid), and 13s 6 1 had been given as prize money. The presiding sheriff said he did not think there were so many fools ib the country ready to send money iu answer to such a transparent fraud. The idea of giving prizes, he added, for counting tbe words or letters in the New Testament was a proposal which could be made only by a rogne or a lunatic. On prisoner's agent objecting to the sum fixed as bail, the Sheriff remarked: "He will be all the better of a little time for meditation. Send him the Book of Joshua, and let him count the nnmber of letters in it" Yet they say there's no &uch thing as wit in a Scotsman. Had Read the Advertisements. Boston Herald. Boggs "What are you taking medicine for? You said yesterday you never felt bet ter in your life. Sikes Yes, but I was convinced that if I didn't take a spring medicine, I'd be a dead man in a month. Fortune Socking Emigrants. Many a poor family that seeks the Western wilds In the hope of winning a fortune, is pre served from that insidious fe of the emigrant and frontiersman chills and fever by ilos tetter's atninach Bluer. So effectually does that incomparable medicinal defense fortify tbe system against the combined Influence of a malarious atmosphere and miasma-tainted water, that protected by it the pioneer, the miner or the tourist provided with It, may safely encounter the danger. COUBTING BY PROIY. Cnpid Has a Serious Time of It Anions Japanese Youdk People. MANY A LOVER COMMITS SDICIDE. Inferior Position Occupied by These Beau ties of the Orient. MEN ARE OF HEAYE.V, WOMEN OF EARTH IWHITTEJT FOK TUB DISPATCH.! OMMODORE PERRY in tbe entertaining nar rative of his expedition to the China Seas and Japan, relates bow some Japanese officials begged permission to come on board to see tbe guns fired off on "Washington's birth day. They were, of conrse,politely invited, and with true Ameri can gallantry were re quested to bring the ladies with them; the latter part of the invitation they, however, jeered at as a very amusing but quite an impracticable joke. Later on, when the Commodore made an expedition on shore, his guide sent a mes senger ahead, whenever a village was ap proached, to order the women out of the ' ORNAMENTAL way. "When Mr. Perry remonstrated with him for thus preventing him from studying the ways of the natives, the guide replied that "it was entirely for the benefit of the ladies themselves, as their modesty was such that it could not withstand the sight of a stranger." It is also recorded that when the unwelcome foreigners first invaded Japan they were not allowed to choose their servants except from the most degraded class of women. "Why They Thought It a Joke. Such facts might lead one to snspect that it was fear or jealousy of the foreigners that made the Japanese officials laugh at the Commodore's invitatiou to bring the ladies along, but a more correct view of the situa tion is that the real cause of their merriment was that such a feminine visit would have been entirely contrary to the laws of Japanese etiquette 30 years ago. The women of Japan occupy a somewhat anomalous position among Orientals. Those of the lower and middle classes, that is, the vast majority of them, are not shut up at home alone, as in India, or in harems as in Mohamcdan countries, or prevented from going about by mutilated feet; as "in China; but at first sight they seam to enjoy almost as much freedom of action and going about is American women. They walk in the streets unveiled and without chaperones; they go to the theater; they join in picnic parties; they attend the fireworkj in the THE 'WEDDING evening on sbore orin boate.in short,they are apparently allowed, to do pretty much what ever they please, and I believethey could travel from one end of the country to the other without being molested. They Go In Euncho s. Yet an observing eye will at once detect striking difierenccs between tbe outdoor conduct of a Japanese and an American crowd. The Japanese women always keep together, or, if there .are men in their party, they are members of their own family. A young man does not enjoy the privilege of calling on a girl alone, or escorting her to a picnic, the theater or the fireworks. Conse quently, when yon attend the Japanese fire works, yon never see a yonng man's arm, under coyer of darkness, stealing around his girl's waist, as you do so often at the Crystal Palace pyrotechnics in London; nor on your travels do you ever see an in fatuated fiancee rest her head on her lover's shoulder, as you often do on American trainsbetween rural stations or on Sunday excursions. There is no public love-making and sentimental spooning in Japan, the lowest classes behaving as decoronsly as the highest. Since 1883, when European dancing was introduced together wth foreign dress, the seclusion of the upper-class women has been less strict Yet even at these dances it is only the married women who attend, the yonng girls being still kept at home, so that these balls do not serve as opportunities for courtship-us they do in this country. She is not to frequent temples or places where many men assemble until she has reached 40 a safe age in Japan, where women usu ally lose their beauty before 25. No Old Maids Nor Bachelors. TJn,der such discouraging circumstances one might fancy that young men wonld find it difficult to "get partners, and that the women, for want of opportunities for flirta tion and courtship, would pine away as old maids. Butas a matter of fact there are no old maids in Japan, nor are there any bachelors. Owing to the domestio training and industrious habits of the women, young men find it not only pleasanter but cheaper to be married than single, consequently few arc unmarried after 25, while the girls gen erally marry at 16 or 17. The forty-fourth law of Iyeyasn directly enjoined tnat none should remain unmarried after 16, aud if a young woman, lor any reason, disregarded this rule she was considered an old maid at 22 and shaved her brows and blackened her teeth like the married women. But how do the men woo and win these maidens if they are cot allowed to call on J w ' - - JJ Ii"-. I - Mi' them and try to make an impression? The matter is yery simple, at least for tbe wooer; he does his courting by proxy. Individ uals are of no consequence in Oriental coun tries, but the family is; therefore it is the patents who arrange the matter for their sons and daughters. In America when a young man thinks he is old enough to marry he uses his-own eyes anil looks about for a maid who is willing to be made a mate. In France the thing is done for him and for the girl by the respective parents; whilein. Japan a nakodo or middleman a married relative or friend is usually deputied to look about for an eligible partner for the young man or girl except in those cases, frequent among the aristocracy, where the couple were betrothed as mlants. Drst Met as Bride nnd Groom. In the good old times the bridegroom often did not Know or see his "chosen one' I till she was brought to his house, preceded oy a woman wno carrieu a inniern. xt auiuc times happened that the bridegroom did not like his bride at first sight, and refused to take her. Tbe humiliation which this caused the bride probably led to the more modern custom which gives to both the young folks somewhat more latitude of choice. This custom is callhd the rai-ai, the "see meeting," or "mutual seeing." When the nakodo has found a suitable girl, an ar rangement is made by which she can, duly chaperoned, meet the young pan chosen for her, at the theater, a picnic party, in a pri vate house, or in a Shinto temple. Some times the young folks are left in ignorance as to the object of this meeting, but as a rule they are forewarned; and if there is a de cided antipathy on one side or the other, the matter ends here. It is said that, at the present day, a girl is. rarely forced to marry the man chosen for her, if she does not like him; butas aTnatter of fact, if tbe parents have made up their mind, it would be con sidered yeryimproper lor a Japenese eirl to have a will of her own in this matter, as AND USEFUL. that would show a lack of filial respect and obedience, which are rated as the first of all feminine virtues. s Hearts Are Often Broken. That hearts are frequently broken by the nakodo enstom seems to be proven by tbe suicides of lovers, which are so numerous thata law has been-passed making such suicidal attempts punishable by ten years' imprisonment. Even if the young couple brought together at the conventional nii.ni tnk-p f.innv tn each other, what an nnromantic proceeding it is, this prearranged affair, this falling in lUri "tA Aril.." nn ..n,! J I .L- ..., .wuw -iiu (iciuiiv eujjageu mine presences the whole family a love affair without fevers of passion, without ecstatic hopes and mutual confessions, fallowed by rapturous kisses! Nor do Japanese lovers know anything about that Indian summer of romantic courtship which we call the honey moon. Their prosaic courtship by proxy leads to anequally prosaic engagement, which con sists in the sending of presents to the girl. Should the lover prove false and perfidious, the affair ends abruptly, the girl having no redress at law in the form of a suit for breach of promise. The marrinre cerenmn v itself marks a decided change in the bride's position and relations to her love. There are no bridesmaids, no minister, no prom ises of love and fidelity unto death, but a simple registration of the change in the bride's residence; and the ceremony chiefly consists in the drinking by the bride and groom of three times three tiny cups CEREMONY. of weak "sake" or rice wine. Garments are then changed, and the ceremony is com pleted by drinking nine more cups of "sake." But, whereas at the first drinking the bride, being a guest, is served first, at the second drinking the wine is served first to her husband, who is now become her lord arid master. She serves him at table, gives him precedence on entering a building or when out riding, nnd does not expect him to render her any services of gallantry, except such as are included in the courtesy which he extends to everyliody. If he wishes to take a secondary wife or two into his home, it is none of her business, and jealousy on her part is considered very had form, and is highly censnred in the'treaiises on feminine morals. Jealousy is indeed one of the seven causes which enable a man to divorce his wite, the otner six being disobedience, barrenness, lewd conduct, leprosy or any other contagious or incurable disease, thiey ishness or talking too much. "In plain English," as Prof. Chamber lain remarks, "a man may send away his Wife whenever be gets tired of her." One is not surprised therefore to find in the statis ticil tables that there is one divorce for every three marriages. The women, for their part, have no right to claim a divorce on any grounds, nor is it likely that they would care for such a privilege, since the position of a divorced woman is not an en viable one. It would seem, however, that in spite of all artificial interference with the course of true, love, Cnpid has found opportunities for lodging some of his arrows in Japanese hearts. For Japanese literature, as far bacK'as the tenth century, contains speci mens of amorous verse which show that the poets, at any rate, have vbad glimpses rff ro mantic love as we know it. They resemble the effusions of Sappho rather than those of Anacreon, as it is the woes of love rather than the joys tbat are chiefly dwelt upon. Thus we read iu one poem, entitled ""A Maiden's Lament" "I sigh the weary, weary nights away;" another speaks of "the deep sighs that from my bosoin swell;" "my blnsbes would onr love declare" lays a third; and one unhappy maiden exclaims, "What though my mother bids me flee thy fond embrace? No heed I take;" which shows the true spirit of romautio lore. Henky T. Einck. 81 OO Until May 1 83 OO. 12 cabinet photos, or one life-size crayon for $3 00 at Aufrecht's Elite Gallery. C16 Market street, Eittsburg. Use elevator. -MXT60, i GOSSIP OF GOTHAM. Volumes of Information in the Sbape of Short Interviews. IHTERBATIOHAL patent union. Builders of Falaces Need Mot Go Outside America lor Stone. WEATHER AND UPPER AIR CURRENTS CORRESPONDENCE Of THE DISPATCH. New Yobe, March 21. During the week I was fortunate in meeting people who had plenty of information to give. I have selected the fojlowing from the Bhort interviews I obtained : The Original Granger Ex-Senator William J. JlcConnell, of Idaho I claim to he the original Granger. In 1S62 I was in California and noticed that more money was made farming than mining, so I concluded to try it 1 walked over 450 miles to Idaho City from Oregon, where I was teaching school, and started a truck patch. .Idaho City then had a population ot 1,000, and had a cemetery with a silent population simply phenomenal in num ber. There was but one industry, and that was mining. Well, I grew larger nuggets than those dug out of the mines. I sold turnips at 45 cents a pound direct to tbe consumers, and that is why I claim to be the original Granger. My farming operations did away with the mid dleman, and my sales were made direct to the consumers. If thsro had been a middleman, the consumers would have bad to pay SO cents a ponnd for turnips. Cabbage brought25 cents aconnd, and I sold 5,000 bushels of potatoes at $22 50 a bushel. Why should I care to mine when farming paid better? After a timo others began to farm, and prices began to come down. Congress oses an Opportunity. A Patent Lawyer It Is an unfortunate thing, in my opinion, that the recent Congress did nothing toward the recognition of tbe late con ference of the International Union for the Protection of Industrial, Property at Madrid last April. It seems the height of folly for this Government to enter Into the convention with foreign powers on such an important matter, and then actually ignore It in the National Leg islature. It is true, a bill was introduced and was favorably reported in tbe House of Repre sentatives, but that was all. Nothing came of it. All tlio money tpent in tbe conference was thrown away, and tly Influence which this Government niieht have exerted among the 13 powers represented in the Madrid conference was practically de stroyed. American inventors have more to gain from tbe results of such aconvention than inventors of any other nationality. It took several years before we arrived at that particu lar point where we came into the conference in the right capacity. After coming in and be coming one of the union to establish reciprocal relations between this country and France, Belgium, Brazil, Spain, Guatemala, Italy, the Netherlands, l'ortngal, Salvador, Servia, Switzerland, England, Norway, Sweden, Tunis and Germany tbe other contracting powers, tbe whole matter is allowed to drop with scarcely an effort on the part of Congress to sustain its own commission and secure the manifold benefits for American, inventors offered by the international union. Athletes Among German Soldiers. John J. Enright, of Michigan I bave been much interested Jn tbe recent accounts from Germany of the Kaiser's condemnation of tbe peculiar form of athletics taught in the Ger man army. In speaking ot the cadets, he said tbat the demand was for soldiers and athletes and not i terested I ,I for contortionists. The reason it In- me Is that I have recently seen in Ber lin some specimens of tbe German soldiery tbat excel in all athletic accomplishments any thing taught at West Point although our mili tary school has the reputation abroad of being one of the finest in the world. Tbe German soldier, tn a collective sense, is the finest figure in contemporaneous military history. There is not anything on tbe continent that wears a uniform tbat can approach him. I prefer, of course, those soldieis of tbe English speaking race, and England furnishes at present some of tbe best specimens. But nobody can see any considerable body of German soldiery without being struck with admiration. A Paper That alarks a Century. General James V'. McBrlde, ot California I have on Deposit in the vaults of'the Sate De posit Company a document which one day will be worth considerable mouey, and which will take a great deal to buy even now. This is tbe original record of tbe administration of the United States Government upon entering upon its second century of exhtenc . Tbo close of the first hundred years marks an era in tbe his tory of tbe United States, and that era can be no better recorded than in this document which gives, under the seal of the Government of tbe United States and the seal of the various departments thereof, tbe actual signatures and official title of every branch of the Government from tbe President down to the terri torial delegate In Congress. It contains over 300 names, and includes tbe subordi nate heads of bureaus in tbe various depart ments, both houses of Congress, the Supreme Court of the United States, tbe Court of iiaims. ana an otner omciais who might be termed tbe administrators or the Government. I have been offered already a large sum of money for this document. It is my absolute piujjciijr lu uojjusc hi. oume uuers are ueing maue to nurcuase it xor tne worm's xalr at Chicago, but offers have also been made to bave tbe Government buy it for deposit among the archives in tbe State Department and alongside of the Declaration of Independence. I think, when 1 return from California early this summer, I will put this document on exhi bition either in New York or Boston, and dis pose of it at auction to the highest bidder, hoping, of course, tbat it will eventually fall into tbe hands of tbe United States Govern ment. Our Native Building Stones. J. S. Newberry. Professor Columbia College School of Mines It is a little singular that wealthy New xorkers who are constructing palaces in this city will go abroad to the utter most parts of the earth for stone to decorate the Interiors of the palaces. I can account for it in no other way than upon the hypothesis that what is difficult to obtain and what Is ex pensive is the most desirable. There are mar bles In America finer and better in all respects than can be brought lrom Africa or Mexico or Sunny Italy. There are building stones within iOO miles of New York, easy of access, cheap and far superior as to durability and beauty to the marbles which form the wainscoting, Btalrwajs, bathrooms and other in terior decorations in some of these New York palaces. Anybody who has been in tho Smithsonian Institution at Washington and has seen specimens of building stones from various sections of this country must concede that I am right The finest variegated and blue marble in the world ran be found in Vermont. I think it is at Manchester. I bave seen specimens on exhibition here In New York that very closely resemble tbe African marbles which decorate the panels of the cash room of the United States Treasury, and have been used with good effect in the most recently built hotel bore, and these specimens will bear me out in this general statement. The Mormons and Statehood. "Ex-Governor EH H. Murray, of Utib Tbe report tbat tbe Mormons intended to migrate to some part of old Mexico Is a canard. They will remain and continue to practice polygamy. Although they have stated tbat they will prac tice polygamy no more, in my opinion It is merely a statement and amounts tn nothing. The religion of the Mormon Cburcb favors polvgamy, and bow is it possible fur Mormons to all at once give up tbe practices of many years? They will never give up polygamy un less made to du so. But polygamy is not tho greatest crime of the Mormons. Everything, political and otherwise, is under control of the bierarcby, and it rnles with an Iron hand What the Mormons want is to have Utah enter tbe sisterhood of States. Then they could run tbe State Government to suit themselves. No man, much less a party, could afford tu aid the Mormons in tbeir efforts to niako Utah a State. Secrets of the Upper Winds. William A. Eddy, tornado reporter for Sig nal Service Many bave asked, me abont tbe meteorological predictions of DeVoe, of New Jersey, and Wiggins, or Canada. I am not prepared to say they have no means of study ing tho phenomena of nature and that the pre dictions they make are the result of guess work. Now. Wiggins speaks ot tbo action of tbe sun and moon In producing earthquakes In slight seismic disturbances. He is not alone in his theory. It is supposed that when the sun and moon ire near together, to speak relatively and without astronomical ambiguity, tbey have a decidedly pulling effect upon the earth. In some rases a disturbance is caused, bat as to Ibe exact spot on the face of the globe which will quake, it is beyond tbe province of Inductive ratiocination to foretell.. Tornadoes can be foretold by a system of averages, all In ductive and scientific, mind you, but they can not be gnessed. Tho more 'teleirranhle ilenal station established the nearer tho tlmoapi proaches for absolutely warning a section of country of the tornado's dreaded visitation. In my opinion the upper air currents hold secrets tbat Will be invaluable to meteorology and help to maka Old Probabilities less of a probability. Every evening 1 send a registering thermome ter heavenward on a kite and thus far I bays been richly rewarded. We are on tbe eve of great discoveries in meteorology. The most difficult problem now Is tbe movement of a storm center. Wiggins and DeVoe could gain glory by solving'the storm center question. The Fertilizers of Florida. A M. Lay, Phosphate Manufacturer Tbe manufactures of phosphates for fertilizing purposes is becoming a great industry In this country., France. Spain and Germany have exhausted thousands of acres of land and phos phate makes them rich again. Imannfactnre from the brown pebblo in Florida. In South Carolina they bave rock phosphate, but I be lieve tbo brown pebble pbospbat& in Florida yelds a greater per cent or fertilizing material. Heavy deposits exist in Polk county, Florida, and near Tampa and tbe yield is 80 per cent It is sold from 13 to 3 a ton and shipped to Europe. It would be imuosslblo in a short arti cle to describe fully the vay phosphate compost is made. The brown pebblo has, the clay washed onto! it and is dried by means ot heated tubes perforated. Then other processes are neces sary tn rednce It to compost All of the ex hausted land in this country can be made pro ductive by phosphate. In the future the fertil izer ill play an important part Nothing yet has been discovered to equal It as a fertilizer. Fan From the Elevator. Elevator Man in a Hotel The things I Tiear and the questions I am asked by fine ladies, when they are in the elevator, would make mighty Interestin' read in'. Why, boss, they think I know everything, and I don't know nuthin'. One laoy says to tne: "Have yon an ordinary in this 'ere hotel?" "Dgb," says I, everything is extrvordinary here because we are flrst-class." Well, she told me it was a Flnco to cat between meals, and I be blamed if think she was jnit right in her mind. A large lady asked me if I knew a banting doctor Hear by, aud Bays I: "Doctor Banter is as near as I know." She laughed at me" and asked if 1 was kin to A. Ward. I said, "No mum. but I vote in Tim Campbell's ward, and have an aunt in Gibb's ward who doesn't vote yet at all." A Chicago ladv says to me one day when she come in from tbe streets: 'This 'ere city ought to be called Windy Instead of Chicago." and I says: "Mum, wo have no prairies, and can only get wind from the oshun." Bless me, she said I was naturally funny. I do pull mighty qneer people up and down. Square Games of Faro Scarce. A "Western United' States Senator New York boasts about its flue police system and its hospitals, but without any exception I think it can be said that there Is not a square game of faro played in tbe city limits. They pretend to be on tbe square, but they are not Of course, Tom, Dick and Harry cannot gain access to the numerous games of faro going on for fear the police would find tbcm ont, and so tbo most reputable men are admitted. Reputable men are just tbe ones who will not raise a row and denounce a game as a swindle. Tbe odds in favor of a faro dealer are at least 65 per cent, and yet be is not contented and wants every thing. It is a peculiar player who Joes nothing but copper big bets, but it is better to do It than loie all the time. No big bettor will ever win in New York; it is not in the. cards. Years agoMorrissey used to conduct a fair game at Saratoga, but we have few like him these days. A Fight With an Ostrich. Albert Gerard Theis, Musical Composer Several years ago I was in Cape Colony, South ern Africa, and bad a hand to band encounter with a large cock ostrich. I say hand to hand because 1 bad no weapon whatever. It was a hot day and a friend of mine invited ma to go to Montaga Pass and take dinner with a Boer. The Dutch farmer bad an ostrich farm and invited us out to fee some of his cock: ostriches, which be had corralled in a stockade. We looked at tbem and had started back wben an immense cock ostrich cot out of the inclos ure and ran after us. 1 ran, but soon gave out and faced Jbc furious bird. He rushed against me with an impetus tbat sent me sprawling on tbe ground. There I lay while tbe inturiat'ed fowl trampled upon me. All of my clothing was torn to sbreds and my body bruised. If I had attempted to get up I would have been killed. A Hottentot servant happened to come along and the ostrich left me and chased him. Getting up I found tbe Boer and iny friend re turning, as I thought, to give me assistance. The Boer was much alarmed, and said be was alraid I might kill tbe bird, and thereby entail a loss to him of SoOO, tho price of the ostrich. The Boers are very phlegmatic and keep an eye on tbe main chance. What Clara Barton Knows. Clara Barton, 'member of tbe Red Cross' Society My time is so much occupied I cannot write my autobiography. It would fill several volumes. I have been asked to write my auto biography by several publishers, lint as yet I have not felt tbat I had tbe leisure. My life has been a busy one, and is closely allied to historical events. Whanever I think of tracing it by years I then realize tho magnitude of the task. I bave many thinirs to tell which, if I fail to relate, will die with me Perhaps it is Lest that I should not attempt to write a book. Many things cannot afford to he told. As long as I am alive my life work goes on, and whether it would be wise to pause in tbe midst of ardu ous duties and write is a question. John S. Wise as a Cadet Ex-Congressman John S. Wise, of Virginia, now a resident of New fork Only young men should go to the war. If I had my way no man over '25 years old should ever engage in war. I was 17 years old when I entered General Lee's army and 1 enjoyed it immensely. The only real hardship a soldier endures is lack of some thing to eat occasionally, but with plenty of food soldiering is a delight Bnt I can remem ber bow I hated to drill when attending school at the University of Virginia. One day, Faulk ner, now Senator from vest Virginia, another caaet and 1 planned to escape tbe regular afternoon drill. We started ont, Faulkner between us in tho ranks, and going down an incline be threw his musket down and pitched forward in almost a dead faint. The Cominandmant said: "Get him to the hospital, you two, and come back to drill." That was a blow, ordering us back to drill, and we were in despair wben we saw the surgeou coming to attend Faulkner. Tbe lat ter, who bad been possutning splendidly, now became thoroughly alarmed, and really turned pale at tbe approach of tbe surgeon. When he saw Faulkner the surgeou said: "He is quite ill, and you two take him to tbe hospital." I asked tbe surgeon if we had to go back to drill. "Oh. no, s-tay with Faulkner: he is ill and need attention," said tbe surgeon. We staved with htm, drinking ico lemonade ice was 20 cents a pound then while complacently watching tbe corns drilling for two hours out in the hot sun. There is nothing equal to boy hood days. Familiarity With Deadly Wires. Lineman for Electric Light Poles I never think of the danger ot coming in contactwitb a live wire when 1 am np on a pole repairing broken wires. The company, of coarse, fur nishes us with glove to protect us from shocks, but we soon get careless and leave off our gloves. Alter Lineman Feeks was killed I was careful for several weeks, and was almost afraid to touch any wire. You see it Is tbe constant nearness to danger which makes us forget it Now and then 1 barn had slizht shocks, bnt I do uotconsider them worth notic ing ant' never even told ray wife about tbem. One night shortly after .Feeks was roasted on the wires I dreamed that I was being roasted. I lay high in the air on a dozen wires and they an Durnea into my ucsu. x cnuia see tne crowd below and bear tbem talk, bnt 1 knew they could not rescue me. xuen J. tuongiit a wire caught around my neck and began to burn it off. I felt my bead swaying and knew it wnnld soon drop from my sUonklers. Baskets wrre placed tinder tho wires to catch my head. My senses began to reel, my head was now onlr held by . i silent piece of flesh and in a second it would go whizzing tbroueh tbe air to the baskets below. The flesh snapped with a loud report and down my head went and I awoke having tumbled out of bed. I have never told ray wife this dream because she would want m e to.give np my business. Waited for Hearst to Die. A Californi'an The struggle which has ended tn my State in the election of Fclton as Sena tor was a very Interesting one. In my opinion Estee was backed by Stanford and tbe Stan ford Interests. Estee, you remember, was tho presiding officer ot tbe National Convention that nominated Mr. Harrison. But no matter, Stanford practically owns the State politically. The other candidates were De Yonng, Fel ton, Blannbard, Jobnston and Wetmorr. These are the Republican candidates. LVIeman is sup ported by the Democracy. Ordinarily tbe Legislature Would be adjourned some time ago, but as soon as Senator Hearst was reported dangerously ill it resolved to remain in session long enough tu give hfm a chance to dlo and to prevent tie appointment of his successor by tbo Governor. Tbat is an actnal fact 1 don't know whether Senator Hearst knew it while he was sick or not bnt ha was a practical man and probably understood what tbe Legislature was waiting for. Tbe United States Senator ship from California will probably never be held by a poor man. Tbe means by which It has usually, been obtained has been corrupt Tbey will probably remain corrupt and million aires who have bought their way will represent the great State ol California at Washington. CHJLSLES T. MUBBAT. A USE FOR A LYMPH. Brcmn-Sequard's PiscoTery Is Sow Applied to Cure Scurry. LOSDOK'S SHARK OP SDSSHINE. A Past Destructor Tbat GetsEid ofGarb a;e and Hakes Paving. INDIA BDBBEB FOK THE SDRGE0S IFBZPABED FOB TUX DISFATCH. i A Bussian correspondent describes a bew ntilization of tbe Srown-Sequard lymph, which is said to bave been successfully car ried ont in a hospital of Odessa. One of the patients was a very aggravated case of scurvy which had stubbornly resisted every mode of treatment Tbe superintending physician resolved to try an experiment on the patient, and injected into him a qnantity of Brown-Sequard's lymph. In a week there was marked improve ment, but when the injections were stopped the patient relapsed. The medicine was then applied again for three weeks without intermission, and at tbe end of tbat time tbe patient was declared convalescent It is stated that the lymph was produced at the laboratory of the physician who so suc cessfully used it, from the organs of domestic rabbits. Safe Boot Building. An architectural expert says tbe ordinary method of building should be reversed, and the roof planned first. The purpose of the roof is not merely to keep out rain, but it should also proteetlrom changes ot weather, fire, etc. The ordinary roof meets none of these points. The slate cracks easi!y"uuder either heat or cold, admitting rain, attract ing heat, and Inviting conflagration. Some of tbe very best roofs are overtbeoldesttactorie. with solid framed, natched boards, covered with limed mortar, upon which tbe shingles were laid. The ideal roof is nearly flat an entirely flat roof will shed rain. The best way is to pitch tbe roof ot industrial buildings toward the center, with a pitch of only half an inch to a foot, This carries tbe water away through a cbannel not exposed to frost and admits of much better advantages In the matter of light in tbe upper story. Snnshlne of London. Some statistics just published on the sun shine of London show that tbe much-abused English climate deserves all tbe maligning it gets. Investigations bave been made, ex tending over a period of li years, at the Boyal'Observatory, Greenwich, and the re sults are exceedingly suggestive. The dull est month of tbe year is lound to be Decem ber, which has a total ot only 20 hours of sunshine, cr 8 per cent of the possible, and with 20 sunless days. January is very little better, tbe total nnmber of hours being then 28, or 10 percent of the possible, and with an average of 19 sunless days. In each of tbe winter months the daily aver age of sunshine is only about three-quarters of an hour, but after January the weather im proves rapidly, February being twice as sunny as its predecessor, and March twice as sunny as February. On the brightest December day not more than tour hours of sunshine is expected. The values for tbe entire year show tbat tbe average number ol nours oi ongnt sunsnine is 1,214, or 27 per cent ot tbe possible amount What between this climate on the one band, and his peasonn fog on the other. It is no wonder that tbe Englishman takes bis pleasure sadly, Steamship Travel and Business. From the official records of the barge office In New York City, it appears that ocean travel varies according to the business situ ation in this country. The number of pas sengers that arrived at New York dnring the years between 1881 and 1890. inclusive, was: 1881, 51,229; 188L', 57.947; 1883, 58,596; 1884, 59,503; 1885, 55.160; 1886, 53.742; 1887, 78,792; 1888, 86,302; 1889, 96,686; 1890, 99,189. Iu 1889 there was a great show in Paris, nnd the figures lor that year tell the tale. In the spring every steamship agent annonnced to prospective passengers that all vessels would be crowded, and that tbe volume of passenger traffic between the continents would swamp the capacity of every line. View ing the increase of oceanic travel it appears tbat tbe financial depression of 18S4 kept many people at home wbo otherwise migfit have crossed tbe ocean. After tbat trying period bad .passed, travel resumed its normal condi tion, and an increase may be noticed with each year. India Bubber In the Healing; of Wounds. A physician has hit upon an excellent way of utilizing rubber in the treatment of wounds. He places one end of the strip of rubber npon one lip of the wound add then stretches the rubber to fasten the other end to the opposite lip. In this way he draws tho severed parts closely together, and the elastic rnbber continnously holds tbem there. The efficiency of the sheet rubber used was in creased by painting it over with a thin gutta percba cement Spring Horse Collar. A horse collar which will put an end to cruel torture and unsightly galls, has been patented in England"; and is a combination of springs, canvas, felt and leather. It fits perfectly, as the spring gives to the shape of the horse's shoulder, thereby preventing the collar from rocking. It is very soft on tbe surface and springy, thns avoiding the 'possibility of galling or pinching. It takes a more even draught than tbe ordinary collar, as tbe spring gives way and fills up any cavity In the shoulder caused bv tbe motion of tbe horse wben going. The springs of the-collar are fastened to straw pads, which are enclosed in canvas, then thin leather, then -felt, and afterward a line, thin, serviceable leather. Stoel Kails as Pit Props. In consideration of tbe serious inroads which are being made on the timber of this country by the use of wooden props in mines, it is satis factory to note tbat a patent has been taken out for a method of making steel rails Into pit Erops and supports for coilierief.in lues, tunnels, ridges, etc. Tbe rails are cut at their ends and suitably framed together. In point of cost it It said tbat this mode of propping compares favorably with bricking and utuer systems. Scale In Steam Hollers. Mr. J. H. Paul, in a recent lecture, ar rived at the conclusion that there is no spe cific for incrustation in boilers; different water requires different treatment Mr. Paul recommended his andience to secure an analysis ot the water, and bave a rem edy'prepared by those thoroughly conversant with the subject, and who will make a special E reparation at such a reasonable cost that It can e economically used In quantities sufficient to completely prevent tho incrustation. Kovel Passenger Car. A passenger car without end platforms has been patented. At each end of the 'car are side doors at tbe bottom of tbe ordinary steps, the doors being flush with the side of the car and opening inward. The steps may be covered by a trap-door while the train is running. In tbe end of the car is a door and vestibule ar rangement, affording communication between tbe cars. A Plan for Saving OIL A centrifugal machine is now used in engi neering workshop", by means of which 75 per cent of. the oil remaining in tbe me:al cuttings from drilling and planing machines can be re covered. The gain in recovered oil Is about IU to SO gallons per ton ot cuttiugs. Tfhar Is a Dust Destructor? A correspondent asks: "What is the'dnst destructot?' " The dnst destrnctor is a group of furnaces set in nn enclosed space con taining the requisite yards and bniidings used lor consuming the rubbish which is swept off the London streets, which amounts vto many thousands tuns in a year. The fur nace honse is approached by an incline driveway leading to a covered place above the furnaces. lit t ! place tl e scavinger, carts shoot their rubbish, which by simple apparatus. Is dropped into tbe furnaces, wheie it is speedily convened into "clinker." .This clinker is then removed and broken up. Some ground a third time, la tbe yard are seen plug J of broken and ground clinker, some of coarse lumps, some resembling gravel, some looking like the finest sand. For all this material tbers Is a use. Some of It goes to form tbe founda tion of roads; some mixed with tar, is made Into a durable pavement; some makes admira ble sand for mortar and cement, and some is made into Imitation stone for sidewalks. The process of cremation is cbcap, and this method of disposing of tbe refuse ot a crowded dis trict has had a wholesome effect from a sani tary point of view. In Battersea the death rata has gone down from IS to It Wouldn't Take the Hint Boston Herald. Lady (.handing tramp a buscuit) Thej ax and the woodpile are id tbe shed, sir. Tramp (waiting off) That's the place for tbem, lady. I didn't suppose yon kept them in the parlor. i HE-NO FOR LUNCHEON AND SUPPER. ' A remarkable tea mgm STANOAR" HE-MO of exquisite bou twit! .' quet and flavor. TEA Guaranteed ab solutely- pure and possess ing the body and quality of the best. HE-NO is specially suita ble to invalids. ASK YOUR GROCER FOR HE-NO TEA, AND TAKENO SUBSTITUTE. BEWARf OF IMITATIONS. MARTIH GILLET 4 CO., (Established ilitj Exchange Place, Baltimore, Md. " ?! A DELIGHT TO LADIES! A clear, lovely complexion! How to obtain 11T Why! ue Madame A. Rnppert's World Renowned Face Bleach. It will positively do all that 1 claimed, will remove all blemishes, moth freckles, discoloratlons or any skin dis ease. It it harmless for external use, is not a cosmetic but a skin tonic, leavo tbo skin soft, smooth and white. Call or send 1 cen's in stamps for sealed particulars. Trice. S3 per bottle, three bottles for !5. tbe Usual amount required. MME. A. RUPPERT, Rooms 203 and 204 Hamilton Building, 93 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburg, Pa. feS-sa A POWERFUL INDORSEMENT, BY A RESIDE2TrOFTnETHIRTEESTH Wabd, This Cixr, of Uk. Byers' Improved JlETnoD of Treatixts Catarrh akd Other Troubles. In a talk with Mr. Thomas Fickin, of Bis marck street. Thirteenth ward, city, the fol lowing remarkatle experience was detailed to the writer. Mr. Pickmsald: "I think my cure one of the most bappy 1 bave yet seen recorded, and coes to prove what can be done by a care ful and conscientious pbyslcian wbo devotei his personal attention to bis patients, as Dr. .Byers did In my case. "My trouble dated back abont a year or mora (previous to tbat time I had had good health) and began with tbe common symptoms of Catarrh, viz.: Congestion of tbe mncus mem branes, with oyer secretions of the muens, a dull, heavy feeling over the eyes, wonld catch cold easily, pain between tbe shoulder blades, a tired feeling in my limbs, a general Indis position every morning when I got up, bad taste in my month; my stomach was terribly deranged and altogether I had a general feel ing of miserableness. iiSHV Mr. Thomat J'tckin, Bismarck ttrett. cily. "During tbe summer months tbe Catarrh ex tended to the bowels, and an obstinate diarrhea set in. I could eat scarcely anything, and what little food I did take would cause me to bloat and Lave most uncomfortable feelings. I would have spells of dizziness and could not Stand. "Tbis condition of affairs went on until for a while I was able to work only about bait of the time, and later not at all. "When in tbis condition I concluded to con suit Dr. Byers. I bad seen his advertisements, and knew his charges were within my reach. "I shall never forget tbe day tbe doctor saw me for tbe first tim. I could scarcely crawl up the steps to bis offlce. I was so emaciated and weak tbat be besitated abont treating me. being loth to risk his reputation on a case which had been neglected as long as mine had. Bnt. at my earnest solicitations, he decided that be would do the best ho could for me. "At tbe end of tbe first month improvement bad manifested itself, and at the end of the third moctb's treatment I had gained all the flesh and strength I bad lost, and was tben, and am now (fire months after) as well a man as I ever was in my life. ."Actnated by a desire to benefit others as it was through a similar testimonial I became ac quainted with the doctor I make this state ment for publication, and my wife or myself will verify it at tbe above address." TBEATMEST to A MONTH, MEDICINE IS CXUDED. Office of Dr. Byers, No. 421 Penn avenue. Established 1SS3. Specialties, catarrah, alt nervous, skin and blood diseases: all chronic disease'. Hours 9 to 4. 7 to 8. Sunday fore noon only. a mbZl-ssa WAYftlPQ Celebrated n Self-yentilatiBg. Americaa ilEFBUT GUARANTEED TO BE THE BEST IN THE WORLD! OVER SO DIFFERENT STYLES AND SIZES, IN HARD AND SOFT WOOD, At LOWEST PRICES EVER KNOWN If your deaUr dots not hav thm, Stndforlllujinttd Circular and PrIc.r-Utt.to JOS. W. WAYNE, MANTjrirA.OTTJRER, 124 MAM STREET, CIHCWNATU fl mbl-KS-au- S i mmwaatt aJ CUAHANTrJ f iJT "&wm, mk w m MID I 4
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers