IffgfhiTf pr-jffw-fpi :a 'THE'-" PITTSBURG DISPATCH. SUNDAY. FEBRUARY 22, . 189t 10 fr I Sk ii 2 5. f k V I . In a young lawver than to And bim drifting into tho habits of 'i case" lawyer: it is a method sure to dwarf the reasoning powers, sure to narrow the nerceptlnnsaud sare to hamper the expansive power of the growing intellect. I do not believe tnat the best results are at tained as a rule by bediming practice beforo one is grounded in theory. Upon" the other hand. 1 do believe that nothing is more Inju rious than acquiring by years of abstract study the habit of dreaming. Jjove of the practice is indispensable. The lawyer who aspires to success must be promptly at his office, and be found thero during business hours by clients. He must Dot be exact In the amount of his early fee, and must take a small fee and nark for it as faithfully as if it were larce. The fee may be small, but the principle involved is jost as large as that in a case In volving millions. And for aught he knows, his client is watching to place largo causes in his hands when satisfied he can manage small ones. Ze.iL. continuity of purpose. Industry, coupled with a fair knowledge of law are sure to be re warded in the profession of the law as in any other calling. JoiIN S. Y ISE. PLACE AET ABOVE THE FEE. The Lawyer Must Love His Profession and Always Be Sincere. There is no royal road to success at the bar, nor arc there, that I know of, special rules of conduct that will furnish the aspirant to foren sic honors with a passport to fortune. Success in the profession, as in every other pursuit, is the logical result of given cremisesthat arc common to all. the only difference being that our standard is higher than any other. If, however. I were called upon to illustrate a pos sible difference, I would say that the law differs from drygoods, stock jobbing or distilling whisky mainly in this, that the primary object of these i to make money. A profit is the direct, exclusive and objective point of the operator. In law and, I may add. in medicine, art comes first. Tbelawjerwbo does not care mora for the triumph ot his cause than for his fee will not and tli.mbi not succeed. The fee follows the triumph as the accessory follows the prin cipal. The great mistake of the beginner is to look first at the accessory. The lawyer should love his busines-. If the law is a science, it is also an art. Daniel Webster, Ilufus Cirnate. and Ogdcn Hoff nan were as thorough artists in their way as Paganini or Thalberg or l'atti. Nor does this view exclude thorough sincerity; on the contrary, the artist plaj-s upon his in strument, whether a violin or a jury, all the better when his heart is in his work. The lawyer who suns with the idea that honesty is the best policv, and who is therefore honest, is unortby to take high rank in his profession. Honesty mayor may not be the best policy, but he will certainly lind instances where be thinks it is nor. I entenaln real com passion for the youth who practice law on that theory. He was intended for something else. He should try the business of 1 shall not make invidious distinctions by specifying. I shall end with a precept worth its weight in gold. Do not allow yourself to be handicapped at the start. Competition will not permit the extra weight. You are handicapped if you thinK you arc a genius, hence not bound to drudgery: or if you have a habit that you can not control, overcome, stamp out and laugh at. If you need a cigar after your lunch or a cock tail before your dinner: if you cannot reach your office betimes m the morning or retire at a respectable hour in the evening; if you love some other business better than y our own and find irresistible music in the ticker of the stock exchange, close your office and consult a phre nologist you will never take a front rank. That sbock-headed, rough-looking little fellow who sweeps out your office and plods at a Blackstone at night carries lighter weight than you do, and will go by the winning post while you are tightening your saddle girths. F. K. Coudekt. Mr. Coudcrt is New York's famous French lawyer. rSOST A GEEAT LEGAL WHITES. Austin Abbott Insists Upon System as the Great Desideratum. One of the most important points for a young lawyer is the improvement of his own mental habits or methods. Muchof the younglawyer's work is necessarily broken and desultory. It is of great importance to his ultimate success that he should not allow this circumstance to interfere with the system and thoroughness ot the knowledge which he acquires in the course of his experience. The most useful suggestion I could make upon this point is, that he should make It a rule to learn at least one thing thor oughly every day, and if passing time does not aiford opportunity, reserve the question until the most convenient occasion, so that as he goes on with month after month cf experience, he will not leave behind him a fog of doubts and uncertainties, and having in his mind the Illusory form of supposed knowledge. The most frequent error in law, and the one which misleads practitioners more than any other, is the habit of too broad generalization, and the disposition to assume that a general principle can safelv be applied to a particular case without careful analysis and discrimina tion, both as to the scope and limits of the principle, and as to the elements of fact in volved in the case. So suggestions, how ever, as to analytical methods will te of t-ubstantial service without that good judgment, born of affairs and of men, which comes from sound common sense applied to the actual dealings in hand: and no amount of technical knowledge of authorities or of astuteness or fertility in re sources of practice will compensate 'for the lack of well-balanced good sense. System of some kind, in dealing with every litigation or every title to be examined, is requisite. Almost eery case broughtto theattention of the lawyer is lite a chain which can not be stronger than the weakest link, and he must learn the att of linking no: at haphazard at ono link or another, as it may strike his attention, but pro ceed systematically from one end to the other, testing every point and being prepared tode- lena every point, lying experience enables gifted counsel to acquiro a sort of intuition by which, almost at a glance, the finger is put upon a crucial question; but the art of acquir ing thii ability. !n far as it can be acquired, is in early finding and adopting some system by which examinatian and preparation may be methodically applied. "AUSTIN Absott. A BSOAD GAUGE EDUCATION. Tlio Successful Lawyer Must Not Confine Himself to Law Libraries. First.be thoroughly well prepared by study for your entrance into the profession. Above all, you should receive a thorough literary, and it not a classical certainly a scientific course of study, belore you begin the study of law at all. To be ready and apt, to make the most of your opportunities, you should have a fairly good knowledge of medicine, and understand well the names and uses of the various portions of the human body bones, muscles, nerves, eta; have some knowledge ot botany, mineral ogy, geologv, and mental philosophy; know something of Scripture and the canons of the church, upon which our common law is based. Secondly, ou should Study notonly the forms of practice width are usually to be learned outside of cnun; familiarize yourself with the forum in which you are to practice by observ ing lor a portion of each day the manner of presenting cases by older members of the bar: conciliate their good graces; acquaintyourself with the personelle of the cuurt, study its temper somewhat, and prepare your maiden cse with gieat care. Above all, remember that your success at the bar will depend not so much upon your genius or eloquence, or any special gifts, as upon the careful preparation and grouplrg of the law and the facts, in your case, and the brevity and perspicuity with which you ate able to present it to the court. Speak dis tinctly, wnic clearly, have your papers neatly drawn and ready for the signature ot the court without unnecessary delay. Do not attempt to tke any unfair advantage of your adveisary treat him kindly, courte oustj : be respectful to the court; do not brow beat or attempt to warp the testimony of -witnesses, n-ir on any account lose your own tem per or uniform gentlemanly bearing. Trickery i- no portion ol the honorable practice of the law. You. have ew orn to be true to your client and the courr,.and you must ou no account for get the obligation. Thirdly, how are you to getnracticel Begin at the lowest round of the ladder, and accept the Hrstciso presented that appears to need adjudication by the usual process of the law. Co nut let the amount of your retainer influ ence you in the prosecution of a case, but pros ecute the claim uf a beggar with as much zeal as you would that of a King. s Belva A. Lock wood. DOK'T FEAB THE D2UDGEBY. Chauncey M. Depew Tells a Story That Car ries Great "Weight. A very eminent lawyer in the country, with whom 1 had a great many cases when I was a young law er, said to me one day, pointing to a ,faruicr't son who was making fires, sweeping oat the office, serving papers, ana copying for the privilege of the instruction which be re ceived: "That youug man makes me very un happy. I have two sons who have graduated at one of the best colleges in the country, who are expected to receive from me this business at my death, and in 25 years from now that 3 nuug man will be at the bead of this firm and my two sons will be his clrks." A young man who hopes to succeed at the bar must first dismiss all nonsense from Lis head. He must eschew politics and society. "Whether he has genius or is a plodder, the only rule of success is workl work! workl Most young men always fail by neglecting to pay over immediately on collection their clients' money, and other by too exorbitant charges at the start When nobody wants a young lawyer's sirvice he must be content to live on less xcos'y than any mechanic in bis town. When everybody believes the success of their suit de- Eeuds upon his being in it, then he can select is clients and charge what he pleases. When he is earning enough to live comfortably bo has already made a success. 'The rest is a matter of degree Sharp practice, trickery, chicanery and ap pearance of extraordinary cunning, which many affect, may enable a man to get on for a while, but alwajsupnn a low plane, and may finally ruin him. Be frank and open with your client.. the jury and the Judge. Most young men fall by being unwilling to do the drudgery of the office, and filling the part they are asked to do and working at some other desk than their own. I have known many a young man rise to a position in the firm oyer the hearts of those who bad been years in the same office, because of a cheerful willingness and enthusi asm to find out what ho could do, no matter whether it was his to do or not, and by an utter recklessness about his own time by day or by night, it he cnuld benefit his employers by sac rificing his personal arrangements and pleas ures and devoting it to their interests. CHATJXCET M. DEPBW. ASSOCIATE JUSTICE BHADLEY. There Is Such a Thing as Genius, hut It Is Extremely Rare. Moral sense, brains, learning, tact and expe rience, each Is necessary to make a lawyer. First, Moral Sene Without a high sense of moral obligation, a man can never imbibe and possess the true principles of the law, which is based upon right as well as reason. Second. Brains, or intellectual power and grasp The necessity of this quality is so ob vious as to need no explication. Third, Learning This also is an obvions requisite, Ulpian well said: jurisprudentia rst divinarum atque humanarum rerum no titia. justi atque injuxti scientla. Not only learning in the laws, but all learn ing is opposite: for a lawyer is the confidential adviser of men in all human affairs. Fourth. Tact Without tact a lawyer is like a ship which has lost its rudder. His other qualification'! tell him what to do; tact tells him how to do it. Fifth. Experience This is merely a part ot his education. The more of it he lias, other things being equal, the more perfect he be comes. Old beads are, as a general rule, better than voung one. Undoubtedly there is such a thing as genius in the law, but it is extremely rare, and should never be assumed. A Papinian, a Cusar. a Coke, a Halo, a Mansfield, a. Blackstone.a Mar shall, does not arise more than once in a cen tury. No one should assume that the lot has fallen upon htm. If it has, it is not necessary that he should be conscious of it: it will de velop itself. The general inference of all these E repositions is clear; to natural aptitude must e added intense and persistent labor. JosErii P. Beaelet. HE IS A PUBLIC OFFICES. The Lawyer Must Never Forget His Duty to the Community. My advice to a young lawyer about entering the profession of the law would be to resolve never to forget his professional honor, and to aid in the administration of the laws so as to promote justice, ard in maintaining his rights in the courts m such a manner as never to bring the administration of justice into the contempt of the people. The lawyer's duty to his clien should never permit neglect on his part of his own obligations to the laws and their proper administration. And although success may be, perhaps, and even is. secured bv a disregard of his duty to his profession and its nbligatlons, yet In the end all lawyers find that the estima tion In which they are held by the community in which they reside depends upon the faithful discbarge of his duty to the benefit of his clients, without violation in any respect of his prior obligations to the law of the country and the general welfare' of the community. The position of the lawyer is as much an office in these regards as that of any other public pro fession. A great deal that tends to destroy and does largely impair the usefulness and character of the legal profession is the baste to get rich in the practice of law, out of which grows enor mous and olt-times outrageous charges for fees and services, and speculations with the in terests of clients to the lawyer's own advan tage. In olden times these things used to be termed as abuses and sometimes a criminal abuses of his official trust. Noah Davis. FBOM OHIO'S IX-G0VEBH0B. No Man Is Responsible for the Degree of Faculty He Has. In my opinion there are three things which I regard as of primary consequence to the young lawyer who would secure a large practice and an honorable reputation in the community. One of these requirements, and the one to which I would first call attention, is the pos session of faculty, or if you please to call it, genius or talent. And while a man Is responsi ble for the employment ot the best he has of this, bo certainly cannot be held responsible for more than that. This leads mo to say that uo young lawyer is to be blamed for the lack of a greater degree of faculty than was given him by the Almighty. Every young lawyer has at his command two things which can assure for him success that is, as much success as his natmal gifts entitle him to; and that is absolute integrity to his clients and to himself. The successful lawyer depends much unon his true courage and abso lute integrity in dealing with his adversaries. Nor can he succeed without industry, for unre mitting labor is required until he has given evidence of his talcbts and integrity. The young lawyer mast patiently await his time, and he who is a faithful and diligent laborer in acquiring knowledge- and adds to this fidelity to his clients, will ipntually succeed. UEOIIGK HOADLT. CAH'T BE EklKENT A2JB BICH. The Silver Tongncd Dan Dougherty Gives Some Good Ideas. Eminence and fortune at tbo bar aro not found often united. The young lawyer whose aim is riches will not become eminent Ho who aspire' to fame will rarely make a large fort une. Push, cheek, trickery, may for a time be successful; but the true lawyer will starve rather than resort to any indirection. An indifferent lawyermay be an excellent business man. Business ability affords opportunities for speculation, for fortunate investments. A business lawyer may become the as sociate and co-partner of the capital ist, and by negotiations or manage ment soon be on the high road to much wealth. To wreck a fortune or start a trust may bring wealth, but will not bring fame. Eminence at the bar may be aided by natural gifts or severe training a legal mind, self deniil, -incessant study, absorbing devotion to science. The student, not the business man, makes the eminent lawyer. The lawyer may aspire to fame by a seat on the bench. If he succeeds, then away the pos sibilities of fortune even of a competency. Sheriffs and county clerks may bepome rich, judges cannot. If the lawyer bo eminent he will doubtless enjoy a handsome income, and dying may leave his family a competence, but net what in these days is called a fortune. A great lawyer never speculates. Very few of tbe really famous lawyers of our country have dying left large fortunes. I venture to say the lawyer should confine himself ex clusively to his profession. Daniel Dotjghebtt. CEXZBAL PBYOE'S COUNSEL. Haste to Get Into Practice Often Spoils a Good Foundation. A good lawyer requires incessant lifelong study. I think that one obstacle to obtaining professional success is the eagerness of the young lawyer' to get into practice. Long ago Lord Coke deprecated premature practice, be cause when a man is engrossed in practice he cannot pursue bis course of systematic study. The lawyer who gets early into full practice can never be a great lawyer. To be a great lawyer he must become such substantially be fore he is engrossed by practice. Of course, practice gives bim lamllianty with the law in volved in the cases in hand, but prevents a complete scientific knowledge of the profes sion. The young lawyer must .by no means deplore the years of inaction which he endures,before getting into practice, because these years of in action afford him the opportunity f laying a foundation for future fame and fortune. But a lawyer should not be content with the learn ing of his profession, but he should bo con versant more or less, in general science, art and literature: particularly should he acquit e the richness of the sources of diction imparted to him by familiar converse with the best author:. Of course, a tundamental. condition of pro It gsinnal succesx is fidelity to the interests of his clients and to bis own obligations as a law yer:' RpGER A. PBYOE. DIGNITY OF THE PB0FESSI0N. Cortlandt Parker Calls Attention to the Meagerness of Compensation. The fundamental duty of every young lawyer is rightly and fully to appreciate his profession. It is not a trade; it is not a mere means ol live lihood. It is not a mere business. It Is not a ladder for political ambition. It Is not a mere means for acquiring wealth, nor for Insuring social respectability, nor even for winning fame. Tho man who has no higher view of the profession of the law than to" embrace it with one or all of these minor motives, in my judg ment degrades It It is a duty of the lawyer to his profession that it should not lose respecta bility in comparison with other employments through anymeagernees of its compensation. In view ot the necessity or study,-1 am pre pared to say. almost crncl as It may spero, that that the best thing that can'befall ayoung man who Is really fit for the'professlon, and who has the pluck and the tenacity .of purpose which characterize true manhood, is that in early life he should have hard work to get on, and be forced. In order to make use of bis time, to employ it in study. cobtlaxst Parses. C0HSTITUTI05AL DISHONESTY Prevents -a Man From Judging How tie Jury "Will View His Case. The essential qualities for a successful lawyer are brains, good health (especially good diges tion), good powers of reasoning) quick percep tion, sound judgment, a logical habit of mind aud unwearying diligence. I have left out honesty and integrity, because, unfortunately, a considerable number of lawyers achieve suc cess without these qualities. But the truth Is that it takes three times the amount of the other good quail ties to compensate for the want of these. Some lawyers of defective ' moral nature laboriously cultivate a reputation for honesty winch must have cost them an enormous amouutof self-sacrifice aud self-control. A really honest mind is of immense value to a lawyer, considered even from tbo most selfish point of view. A constitutionally dishonest man is unable to forsee what view of a case will be taken bya respectable Judge and jury, until after he has bad a long experience of vain efforts to persuade them to take a dishon est man's views of questions, as they arise. Thomas G. Sheaeman. EX-ATTOBNEY GENEBAL GABLAND Insists on Close Study, Punctuality and an Ivcu Temper. A young lawyer should continue hl3 profes sional studies with as much caro and unre mitting attention as when he was a student proper: making and preserving notes of his reading: attending when possible proceedings of an important character in the courts bis reading outside the law should be mainly in aid of it: adhering to the law for itself, and not as an object secondary or auxiliary to something else.and making his client's course his own, with out reservation, aud rendering his first and last duty to him. Punctuality to the moment in all engago. ments should be observed; it is an essential to any great success in tho law. A kind respect and regard should be studiously cultivated toward his brothers in the profession, the offi cers of the courts before which he seeks to ap pear, as well as the judges of those courts. An even temper should be preserved In his bearing before the courts, and in no case should he en deavor to argue a question after the court has decided it; and in all inbtances, short, closeand terse arguments should be made, and this done, submit the matter to the court without further talk, a. H. Garland. SENATOB GOBDON'S VIEW. A Lawyer Most Be Imbued TVlth the Spirit of Equity. I should say, in tbo first place, that a large share of common sense, thorough knowledge of the great principles that underlie all laws, and absolute fidelity to the trusts reposed were the prime basis for ultimate success. I should add to this an appreciation of natural equity and justice. It seems to me that a lawver, Jo make a great success, must himself be imbued with ibe spirit that is snpposed to actuate all courts of justice. Of course t.i say he must be thoroughly versed in the law books, is too well recognized a truth to require any argument. Jouj? B. Goedon. CHANT'S ATTOBNEY GENEBAL Qaotes Scripture to Show Great Lawyers Hegln "Without Means. Christ, our Lord, said to the young man, "Go and sell all that thou hast, and give to the poor, and thou sbalt have treasure in heaven." But the young man, who was rich, went away sorrowful, and our Lord said, "A rich man shall hardly enter into the kingdom of heaven," and repeated, "It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of heaven," and might have added that no rich young man could become a great lawj er. EDWAItDS PlJERREPONT. Massachusetts' Ex-Governor. As to what are the requisites to make a suc cessful lawyer. I should say, industry, honesty and brains, a well-grounded knowledge of the principles ot the law, aptness and tact in deal ing with men. and assiduous application to his work rather than reliance on effervescent genius of any kind. - John D. Los a. Senator Call Epitomizes the Case. Certainly there is only ono thing for a young lawyer to do, and that is, to continue his studies and discipline his mind thoroughly by thought and analysis; to be perfectly upright in his business transactions and carefully attentive to every employment he accents. William Call. Congressman Tanx Makes a Hit. "What makes a lawyer aro brains, close study, qualification, aptitude, devotion, zeal and trained by instruction bow to think. For "ad mission to the bar" these are not essential. RlCHABD VATTX. Nothing Succeeds Like Sncccsj. So far as I know thero is no prescrlpti-m for fame or fortune. A man may deserve both and obtain neither, or he may deserve neither and obtain both. The only way to bo successful, so far as my observation goes. Is to succeed. John J. Ikoaixs. No Room for Quacks or Charlatans. There is no calling in which charlatanism and quackery or anything merely adventitious counts for as little as In the legal profession, or in which real merit Is surer in tho end to find its reward. William Allen Butleb. They Got Their Deserts. In the end, whatever discouragements may for a time beset him, the man who deserves trust will obtain It. Everett P. Wheeler. TO MAKE A LAMP SHADE. A Handsome. Ornament lilado With the Aid of Tissue Paper. Tissue paper is still used in a variety of ways in tbe best houses. Everybody, doubt less, knows the very simplest way extant of making a lamp shade, i. e., to cut a hole lor the chimney in the center of a sheet of paper anil holding the paper in the center, squeeze the rest of the paper together by drawing it several times through the closed right hand. This gives tbe paper a crepe de chine effect and makes it close and clinging so that it will fit any form. The shape at either end will come ont something' like a swallow's tail. In a very pretty bouse on.Fifih ave nue we saw the other day the same idea car ried out for a large larnp, says the New York Tribune. Several sheets of tissue paper of a delicate pink were creped in tbe same way; tbe top was arranged as a high ruche, a broad satin ribbon - of ex.- actly the same shade finishing it. Ribbon and all, the shade could not have cost over a dollar, and yet it gives as pretty and be coming a light over its wire on plain porce lain support as if it cost ten times the amount. A pink artificial rose to match both the ribbon and shade would add to the effect. Batlroad Enterprises Are Dull. Charles Merriam, treasurer of numerous Western railroads says: Not a cent can yon raise in Boston now; for new railroad enter prises in tbe "Westl Even tbe old and es tablished roads find it bard to raise money, and the Chicago, Burlington and Qnincy had to put a big plum into its last issue of j bonds in order to make them so. . OF Could Stand Off America's Coasts and Plunk the Mechanism Oat of E?ery Seaport. ISLAND POETS HO BETTER OFF. Bad yard Kipling Passes Some Comments'on the Republic That Boasts It Can liick tbe Earth. THE TVIIEAT ELEYATOES OF BUFFALO. Youthful Xuriiger, Confcrtiile Hones and Bad HiHti f ti Kcwtj sjen. rWJtlTIEK FOE THE DISPATCH. Just suppose that America were 20 days distant from England. Then a man could study its customs with undivided soul; but being so very near next door he goes abont the land with one eve on the smoke of the flesh pots of the old country across the seas, while with the other be squints biliously and prejudicially at the alien. I can lay my band upon my sacred heart and affirm that up to to-day I have never taken three consecutive trips by rail with out being delayed by an accident. That it was an accident to another train makes no difference. My own tnrn may come next. A few miles from peaceful, pleasure-loviug Lakewood tbey had managed to npset an express goods train to the detriment of the flimsy permanent way; aud thus the train which should have left at 3 departed at 7 in the evening. I was not angry. I was scarcely even interested. When an Amer ican train starts on time I begin to antici pate disaster a visitation for such good luck, you understand. 6 Ills Compliments to Buffalo. Buffalo is a large village of a quarter of a million inhabitants, situated on tbe sea .shore, which is falsely called Lake Erie. It is a peaceful place and more like an English country town-than most of its friends. Once clear of the main business streets you lannch upon miles and miles of asphalted roads .running between cottages and cut stone residences of those who have money and peace. All the Eastern cities own this fringe of elegance, but except in Chicago nowhere is the fringe deeper or more heavily widened than in Buffalo, The American will go to a bad place be cause be cannot speak English and is prond of it; but he knows how to make a home lor himself and bis mate; knows how to keep the gras green in front of his Veranda and how to fullest use the mechanism of life hot water, gas, good bellropes, telephones, etc. His shops sell him delightful house hold fitments at very moderate rates, aud he is encompassed with all manner of labor saviug appliances. This does not prevent his wife and bis daughter working them selves to death over household drudgery; bnt tbe intention is good. Why the American "Will Not Tote. When you have seen the outsides of a few hundred thousand of these homes and the insides of a few score, you begin to under stand why the Americau (the respectable one) does not take a deep interest in what they call "politics," and why he is so vaguely and generally proud of the country that enables him to he so comfortable. How can the owner of a dainty chalet, with smoked oak furniture, imitation Venetian tapestry curtains, hot and cold water laid ou, a bed of geraniums and hollyhocks, a baby crawling down tbe veranda aud a self acting twirly-whirly hose gently hissing over the gross iu the balmy dusk of an Aug ust eveniuc how can such a man despair of the Republic or descend into the streets on voting days and mjx cheerfully with "the boys." No, it is the stranger the homeless jackal of a stranger whose interest in the country is limited to his hotel bill and a railway ticket, that can run from Dan to Beersheba crying, "All is barren 1" Every good American wants a home a pretty house and a little piece of land of his very own; and every other good American seems to get it. Youthful marriages in America. It was when my gigantio intellect was grapphug with this question that I con firmed a discovery halt made in the West. The natives of most classes marry young absurdly young. One of my in'ormants not the 122-year-old husband I met on Lake Chautauqua said that Iroui 20 to 24 was abont tbe usual time for this lolly. And when I asked whether the practice was con fined to the constitutionally improvident classes, he said, "No," very quickly. He said it was a general custom and nobody saw anything wrong with it, "I guess, perhaps, very early marriages may account for ngood deal of the divorce," said he reflectively. Whereat I wan silent Their marriages aud their divorces only con cern these people; and I traveling have no rightto make rude remurksaboutthem. Only only coming from a land where a man be gins to lightly turn to thoughts of love not before he is 30, I own that playing at house keeping before that age rather surprised me. Out in the West, though, they marry, boys and girls, from 1C upwnrd, and I have met more than one bride of 15 husband aged 20. "When man and woman are agreed, what can the Kazi d?1" Scenes on the Lako Front. From those peaceful homes, and the envy tbey inspire (two trunks and a walking stick and a bit of piue forest in British Columbia arc not satisfactory, any way you look at them), I turned me to the lake front of Buffalo, where the steamers bellow to the grain elevators and tbe locomotives yell to the coal chutes, and the canal barges jostle the lumber raft half a mile long as it suakes across the water in tow of a launch, and earth and sky and sea alike are thick with smoke. It was my felicity to catch a grain steamer and an elevator emptying that same steamer. The steamer might have been 2,000 tons' burden. She was laden with wheat in bulk; from stem to stern 13 feet deep lay the clean, red wheat. There was no 25 per cent dirt admixture about it at all. It was wheat, fit for the grindstones as it lay. They maneuvered the fore hatch of that steamer directly under an elevator a house of red tin 150"leet high. Then they let down into that lore hatch a trunk as if it had been the trunk ot an elephant, but stiff because it was a pipe of iron clamped wood. And tbe trunk had a steel shod nose to it and con tained an endless chain of steel buckets, liaising the Wheat From a Steamer. Then the captain swore, raised his eves to heaven, and a gruff voice answered him from the place he swore at, and certain machin ery, also in the firmament, began to clack and the glittering steel-shod nose of that trunk burrowed into the wheat and the wheat quivered and tank upon the instant as water sinks when the siphon sucks, be cause the steel, buckets within the trunk were flying upon their endless round carry ing away each its. appointed morsel of wheat. The elevator was a Persian well wheel a wheel squashed out tlifn and cased in a pine, a wheel driven not by bullocks, but by much horse power, licking up the grain at the rate of thousands of bushels tbe hour. And the grain sank into thefurehatch while a man looked sank till tbe brown timbers of the bulkheads showed bare and men leaped down through clouds of golden dnst and shoveled the wheat lurionsly rornd the nose of the Unnfc, and got a steam shovel of glittering steel and made that shovel also, till there remained of tbe grain not more than a horse leaves in the fold of his nose bag. In this manner do they handle wheat at Buffalo. On one side of the elevator is tbe steamer, on the other tbe railway track, ana tne wneat is toauea into me cars in bulk Feeding and IJ eking the Earth. Wah, wahl God is great and I do not RONCLADS CHINA think He ever intended Oar Sahai, or Lnckman Narain to supply England with her wheat India can cut it not without profit to herself when her harvest is good and tbe American yield poor; but this very big country can upon the average supply the earth with all the beef and bread that is required. A man in a train said to me: "We kin feed all tbe earth, jest as easily as wc kin whip all tbe earth." Now the second statement is as false as the first is trne. One of these days the re spectable Bepublic will find this out Un fortunately we, the English, will never be the people to teach her; because she is a chartered libertine allowed to say and do anything she likes, from demanding tbe head of the Empress in an editorial waste basket to chevying Canadian schooners up and down the Alaska seas. It is perfectly impossible to go to war with these people, whatever they may do. They are much too nice in the first place, and in the second, it would throw out all the passenger traffic of the Atlantic and upset the financial ar rangements of the English syndicates who have invested their money in breweries, railways and the like, and in the third, it's not to be done. Everybody knows that, and no one better than the American. Now York City's Perils. Yet there are other powers who are not "ohal band" (of the brotherhood) China, for instance. Try to believe an irresponsible writer when he assures you that China's fleet to-day, if properly manned, could waft the entire American navy ont of the water and into the blue. The big, fat Bepublic that is afraid of nothing because nothing np to the present date has happened to make her afraid, is as unprotected as a jellyfish. Not internally, ot course it would be madness for any power to throw men into Americi; they would die but as far as regards coast defense. From five miles out at sea (I have seen a test of her "fortified" ports), a ship of the power of H. M. S. Collingwood (they haven't run her on a rock yet?) would wipe ont any or every town from San Francisco to Long Brunch; and three first-class iron clads would account for New York, Bar tboldi's statue ana all. Reflect on this. 'Twonld be "pay up or go up" round the entire coast of tbe United States. To this fnriously answers tbe patriotic American: "We should not pay. We should invent a Colnmbiad in Pitts burg, or or anywhere else, and blow any outsider into kingdom come." Might Construct a Navy Inland. They might invent. They might lay waste their cities and retire inland, lor they cm subsist entirely on their own produce. Meantime, in a war waged, the only way it conld be waged by an unscrupulous power, their coast cities and their dockyards would be ashes. They could construct their navy inland if they liked, but yon could never bring a ship down to the waterways as they stand now. They could not, with an ordinary water patrol, dispatch one regiment of men six miles across the seas. There would be about 5,000,000 excessively angry, armed men, pent up within American limits. These men would require ships to get themselves afloat The country has no such ships, and until the ships were built, New York need not be allowed a single wheeled carriage within her limits. Behold now the glorious condition of this Bepublic which has no fear. There is ran som and loot past the counting of man on her seaboard alone plunder that would en rich a nation and she has neither a navy nor half a dozen first-class ports to gnard the whole. No man catches a snake by tbe tail, because the creature will sting; bnt you can duiiu a nre around a snase mat win J mace it squirm. Secretary Whitney's Naval Dream. The country is supposed to be building a navy now. When the ships are completed her alliance will be worth haviug if the alliance of any Bepublic can be relied upon. M ot the next three years she can be hurt, and badlvhurt Pity it is that she is of onrown blood, looking at tbe matter from a Pin daris point ot view. Dog cannot eat dog. These sinful reflections were prompted by tho sight of the beautifully unprotected condition of Buffalo a city that could be made to pay up $5,000,000 without feeling it. There are her companies of infantry iu a sort of port there. A gunboat brought over in pieces from Niagara conld get the money and get away belore she could be caught, while an unarmed gunboat guard ing Toronto could ravage the towns on the lakes. When one hears so much of the na tion that can whip the earth it is, to say tbe least of it, surprising to find her so tempt ingly spankable. The average American citizen seems to have a notion that any power engaged in strife with the Star Spangled Banner will disembark men trom ii.it-bnttomed boats on a convenient beach for the purpose of being shot down bv local militia. In bis own simple phraseology: "Not by a darned sight No, sir." Ransom at long range will be about tbe size of it cash or crash. 1 saw one man who was pointed out to me as being the glass of fashion hereabouts. He was aggressively English in his get-up. From eye glass to truuser hem the illusion was perfect, but be wore with evemngdress buttoned boots with brown cloth tops! Nut till I wandered about this land did I understand why tbe comic paoers belabor the Anglomanlac Certain young men ot the more idiotic sort launch into dog carts and raiment of English cut, and here in Buffalo they play polo at 4 in tbe afternoon. When they trotted, which was not seldom, they rose and sank In their stirrups with a conscien tiousness that cried out "Hiding School!" from afar. The Ubiquitous American Reporter. Very sorry for myself, I sought a hotel, and found In the hall a reporter who wished to know what I thought of tbe country. Him I ured into conversation about his own profes sion, and from him gained much that con Armed me in my views of tho grinding tyranny of that thing which tbey call tbe Dress here. Thus: I But you talk about interviewing people whether they like it or not Have you no bounds beyond which even your indecent curi osity must not got He I haven't struck 'em yet What do you think of ictervlewlnga widow two hours aficr her husband's death, to get her version of his life? 1 I think that is the work of a ghoul. Must the people have no privacyf He TheTe is no domestic privacy in Amer ica, if there was what the deuce wpuld the papers do? See here, Snmo time ago I had an assignment to write up tbe floral tributes when a prominent citizen had died. I Translate, please; I don't understand your pagan rites and ceremonies. He I was ordered by tbe office to describe tho flowers and wreaths and so on that had been sent to a dead min's funeral. Well, I went to the house. There was no ono there to stop mo so I yanked tbo tinkler pulled tbe belt and drifted into the room whero the corpse lay all among the roses and smilax. I whipped out my notebook and pawed around among the floral tribute", turning up the tick et on tbe ureaths and seeing who had seat which. In the middle ot this I heard someone saying: "Please, oh, please," behind uje. ar"l there stood the daughter of the house, just Dathed in tears I Yim unmitigated brute. He Pretty much what I feltmysolf. 'Tm very sorry. Miss," I said, "to intrude upon tbo privacy of yonr grief. Trust me. I shall make it as little painful as possible" I But by what conceivable right did you out rage, ? Kipling Expresses an Opinion. He Hold your horses. I'm telling you. Well, sho didn't want me in the house at all, and between her sobs fairly waved mo away. I had half the tributes dcscrlbeJ, though, and the balance I did partly on tbe steps when the stiff un came out, and partly in the cSurch. The preacher gave a sermon. That wasn't my assignment I skipped about among the floral tributes while he was talking. I could bavo made no excuse if I bad gone back to the of fice and said that a pretty glrl'ssobs had stopped me obeying orders. I had to do it. What do you think of it all? I (Slowly) Do you want to know? Ha (With his notebook ready) Ot course. Bow do you regard it? I It makes me regard your Interesting na tion with the same shuddering curiosity that I should bestow on a Papuan cannibal chewing tho scalp off bis mother's skull. Does that convey any idea to your mind? It makes me regard the whole pack of you as heathen real heathen not tbo sort you send missions to creatures of another flesh and blood. Yon ought to have been shot not dead, bnt through the stomach, for your share In tbe scandalous business, and tbe thing you call your newspa per ought to have been sacked by the mob and the managing proprietor banged. He Krom which I suppose you have nothing of that kind in your country? Oh. Pioneer: venerable Pioneer, and yon not lesi honest press of India,, who are occasion, ally dull, but never blackguardly, what could I sav? A mere 'No," Shouted never so loudly, would not have met the needs of tbe case. I said no word, Bustabs Kiplino. J A TALK ON MANNERS. Shirley Dare Exposes Some Brutali ties of Modern Society. THE SWIK61HG-D00R OUTBAGBS. 1 Sad liack of Consideration for the Crippled and the Aged. K0BBEEI IK BUSINESS CIRCLES rWEITTIS TOR TOT DISPATCH. 1 . Manners betray morals. If there is truth in this aphorism, which has been believed in for centuries in some shape or other, it does not speak well for the Bepublic. It is curious how people go through lite jutting against its tragedies, jostled by its ill-breeding, yet never remembering any of these things long enough to learn a lesson or a principle from them. If they get on with out actually going bankrupt, losing limbs or being worked to death; if they can have house, furniture, clothes and turn out gen erally as good as their neighbors, they are satisfied. They don't mind how many times they slip on ice if their bones don't break their neighbors' bones are no matter. They don't seem to care if they are robbed and swindled moderately at every tnrn if enough is left to pay taxes and keep a tolerably smart appearance. They are bumped, elbowed and crowded every day, and every day they are ready to be bumped, elbowed and crowded again, as long as they can stand it. Their time is stolen, their health impaired, their sub stance wasted, but if they have to eat, drink and be merry, waste and loss are not worth counting. They are the well-to-do or toler-ably-to-do middle class, the gigmanity of the' species, a name which fits too well ever to be shed till the last trace of what it qualifies is cast aside. They are the people who understand with their elbows, I think, Mr. Kipling says. People Who Cannot Cheat But those who are ever so little less raw boned and have not the strength of the car nivora, or the penny-getting proclivities of corner shopkeepers, how is it with them in this jostling world? Tbe pence filched from them at every turn swell to shillings, dollars and hundreds, and they cannot squeeze other pennies in turn ont of some body else to make the loss good, for bread has no savor, fire no warmth and light no cheerfulness for them, earned by defrauding even of a penny. There are such people left in the world. Perhaps that is why tht sun shinei and the Arctic ice does not over balance the globe and send the oceans wash ing over it again. You may be doubtful, but there are people whom neither pence, dollars nor fortunes attract unless they are cleanly come by. I knew of one such tbe other day. There was a chance of a partnership for sale of a manufactured article which a sharp young business man saw a fortune in. He wanted to manage the buying and selling while the older man attended to making the article, but the young man wanted to put "new blood" into the concern, and tba first im provement was to pnt the price up double. Other things of the same kind were selling everywhere lor tbe high price, and as an improvement in working would reduce the cost by half, there was a handsome profit "from the word go." That was the way he phrased it I think. He would advertise it showily, make a "boom" of the thing and scoop in tbe dollars. Bad practice leads to bad language. The Old Blood Heard From. But tbe manufacturer opposed. He made a respectable profit on his ware as it was, and he could not feel it right to charge three prices for it, if everybody else did. The younger man argued angrily, contemptu ously, the agreement fell through, the young man dashed off to tbe city to embark on some financial scheme worthy ot his talents, for he remarked hedetested a small business. The older took: up his burden disappointed, but with a steady heart. What did it matter to him if, others were getting five times the worth of their goods, rolling up fortunes, and setting up charities to keep things even with their consciences. His would be clear from tbe beginning. Every dollar that he took he could feel that he bad honestly earned without overreach ing or taking unnecessary dollars out of somebody else's pocket And by his way of doing business there would be little need of charities. Probably he will never bnild a clubhouse for working people, but undoubtedly their own homes will be picasanter for the dollars which they have been allowed to Keep to themselves. Must Fay Two Dollars a Day. You all know the great chocolate works near Boston, whose brown cakes are in de mand wherever chocolate cake is known, a firm whose manager casually remarks that "we sent ont 4o,000 less advertising last year than usual," and orders his printing by the million instead of the thousaud like you and me. All which counts for nothing, as plenty of firms match this business, but the founder of the works left iu bis will a clause that no man should ever be employed in the manufactory at Jess than $2 a day, and this rule is strictly kept. It is easy to employ such help as is wanted fo?7 and $8 a week, all that other factories are paying, but no man goes on the payroll of that establishment at less than v Needless to say that it has the best hands, and tbey earn their money. No clubhouse for poor people bears the dead man's name, but each mau in his employ can have a home he docs not want to leave for a clubhouse or any other resort. What is all this farce of people's palaces and working men's clubs but a pretense? A shilling's worth of free show an evening as escape from the intolerable squalor of homes in place of decent ones that no tired work man need want to leave for comfort or cheer. Bo you suppose he enjoys bis 12 feet of ken nel any better when he goes back to it from your palaces? Stories Behind the Clubs. As for tbe picturesque club houses and lodging houses which are pointed out in manufacturing villages of New England and the interior, I never see them without a wish to examine the accounts of the estab lishment which is able to afford such showy benefactions, and see how many invalids have tailed and died in unwholesome tene ments; how many families crowded along on 53 a week to the wage earner; how many improvements by clever employes were seized or bought for a few dollars to earn thousands for the owners; how many con tracts with smaller firms were shufflad out of or broken because the weak could not help" themselves before this tardy tithe was paid to still conscience and cheat the devil. Do you suppose be will he satisfied with 10 cents on tbe dollar? But do not suppose I mean to treat you to a diatribe against capitalists and manufac turers. Yon can hear that any Sunday from the cheap pulpits of ambitious meu. 'Capi talists are no worse than you or I are likely to be if we had their chance. This is plain enough from the way most people treat their tellowx. We are all bound to pay certain dues to our fellow beings, honesty lor one, and consideration for tbe other. Polite per sons feel this, highly bred ones believe in it as their religion. It is the golden rule and moral law brought down to date. Manners and Swinging Doors. Bnt no one can observe onr people in pub lic without wishing for a Savonarola to preach to them the gospel of good manners, which are only morals in fine type. My at tention has been especially caught by some brutalities in tbe last two years which de-. mand extirpation. Have yon ever (raited by the swing doors of large shops and gal leries without wondering that more people do not get their brains knocked out by the carelessness of those passing through? This has been spoken of in print before, but it needs' more than rebuke. It is growing to be a menace to lifs and calling for stringent laws to enforce better manners npon our women, who are the offenders in the case. There is no use saying accidents may hap pen. Accidents do happen, bnt as no legal redress is provided, apparently, the sufferers are taken home, the matter hushed up and things go on as before. Women sail through in a hurry, let the door fly from their hands without looking to see who is behind,, and march off without a thought or care for the damage done. These doors weigh little less than a hundred weight apiece. They get a good swing of five or six feet as woman No. 1 passes out, and their recoil has force enough to break the nose or skull of the per son following if she is not expert in dodging and catching the door in its return. Hero's a Case in Point But-I will tell ynu what I have seen with in a few months. Early last October pass ing in a throng out of one of the largest Boston- shops a till woman well dressed came sweeping along, went throngh the door with a rush and let it fly back some four feet at least with full swing. A woman just closing the other leaf of the door with her hand .checking it, was not able to get out of the way quick enough, and her hand was caught between the two heavy doors and almost crushed; the blood started in her glove, tbe finger bone was nearly broketf. She turned white with pain and almost fainted, the grenadier in front marching away without a glance to see what became of anyone behind. Doctors know what injury results to the nerves from such crushing of the sensitive finger tips and hand. In point of fact that woman had not the use of her hand for six weeks, and feels the injury to this day. She happened' to be in the same calling as my self, and you can understand what the loss of her right hand for six weeks is to a busy ,pres3 woman. The whole arm was affected, swelling to the shoulder, and had to be car ried in a sling. One of the floorwalkers spoken to about it said ha had toid the man ager there ought to be check springs on those doors, and it was a wonder accidents did not happen oftener. It was pretty plain that tbey had happened belore or his attention would not have been called to the matter. Suffered Onco Too Often. A week since the same woman had her other hand canght in the heavy doors of the Park street depot. A young girl out shop ping in jaunty jacket and plaid skirt went through in the usual utter indifference of womeu to all the rest of the world, flung the door back after her and caught the wrong person this time. "I went up to her," said the justly incensed penwoman, "took her by the arm and read her a short lecture, for I wasn't going to have a hand hurt again without having somebody else share the trouble. She listened a moment, glanced contemptuously at tbe hand and pulled away. The next time any one swings a door inmy face I shall give her in charge to tbe police as guilty of wanton injury, for which she lsjnstly responsible." No lady will go through a swing door leaving it to knock the next person down or break the bridge of her nose or send her to the point of fjinting with the blood spurt ing from her finger tips or an elbow knocked crazy. The woman who sails through a swing door leaving it to fly back in the faces of those behind ber marks her own low caste and utter want of breeding. There is material you may spend a li etime over and never leave a trace of training. That women have to be reminded on such a point is very poor tribute to their minds or manners. Well Dressed Graven Images. But it was in one of the "society" cars, full of well looking people, at dusk one winter evening. A woman came in slowly and painfully leaning on a crutch and stood all the way to her destination, halt a mile-perhaps, while not one of those intelli gent people offered her a seat Every lurch of the car nearly threw her from her bal ance, she conld hardly get out of the way of people crowding in and ont without being thrown down, but still those handsome graven images sat without winking toward giving her a place. Tbe conductor was moved out of bis good manners to say pretty loudly that he thought some of those people might give her a scat, but nobody did not the stout, comfortable gentleman sitting by his wife, nor tbe student-like, young man, nor the young gentleman with hissisterand cousin. Being one of the strap dingers I had no seat to yield, but 1 laid tbe scene up for luture use. In sbops again and again tbe same brutal want ol courtesy or feeling for lame persons has showed itself to my notice a dashing young woman in full trim and perfect toilet bearing down upon a lame woman and actually sweeping her out of the way. I h-ve seen the same thing in the street a party of extremely nice-looking yonng people, lad about 16 and girls a yearyounger, spread ont in open order, taking the whole sidewalk and forcing a lame person to step out in the slush for them. Fnn for Boys and Girls. I supposed that manners was a cult with the'present generation, and that they had manners at least, if not religion. But I do not see much that looks like it. I do see yonng people laugh boisterously when the shock of car coupling hurts some lady's spine so that she starts with agony, or an old man winces as be knocks his elbow. I have seen such trifles make a car ring for ten minutes with the fnn ot boys and girls in their later teens, who did not look as it tbey had any right to be snobs. It would be for their benefit and the relief of a long-suffering public if older persons should occasion ally take these yonng folks in hand and give them to understand just how sick other peo ple are of them. Lastly for this time, and what arouses feeling more than anything else is what is continually seen in cars, in depots and in churches the well drersed married daugh ter in furs and velvet, with her plain old mother giving up the best seat and the robust daughter taking it No one but' a low-bred woman could(do this for her own sake. A Scene at a Bestaurant. The last time I saw it was in that folio of society, a depot restaurant, where a showy daughter in fur, plumed hat and diamonds with her stylish young daughter held tbe comfortable seats at the table, while the mother in plain black gown and shawl meekly tick the end seat, jostled by all the waiters in passing. I see it again and again the hard-worked old woman who has toiled to give ber daughter a good chance in life and has married ber well, yielding the best places and the daughter taking them. If a woman is stolid" brute enough to let her mother go ill-dressed while she flaunts in tbe best, at least do not let her affront public feeling by taking the best places from ber abroad. Let her reserve that selfishness for home if she must indulge in it, bnt do not let her outrage all men and some women by making it a public spectacle. A Turk would be ashamed to treat his mother so. Give the old mother or the middle-aged mother the seat of honor and ease, for sbe has earned it, and don't set theyounger gen eration tbe example of snubbing her, for they will be too likely to copy it Ii the cap fit, lose no time iu getting rid of it Shiklet Dabs. HOW AHIHALS FABED. Effect of the Cold Winter on Captives In Zoological Gardens. Curious the effect of the cold winter on the animals in the European zoological gar dens, remarks the Pall Mall Budget. The largest ones have suffered most. The ele phant, for instance, has gone through un heard of troubles, aud has come out from tbe ordeal decidedly thin. One cannot fancy i corpulent elephant bulky as the creature is but the poor Paris elephant is nearly as much a skeleton as Jumbo. As to the rhinoceros, he died ontrigbt There was a very sharp winter in, 1879, but the rhinoceros did not seem to mind it This winter killed him. The Polar bear bad great. times, and gnashed his teeth with a heartiness not shown by bim since that same winter of 1879. Curiously enough, one of the creatures that suffered most was the wild boar. That the delicate little deer should have been frostbitten and cruelly pinched one can easily fancy; bat a wild boar should be made ot sterner stuff. The home-bred necessary pig does not seem to have cared j much for the weather outside its itj. . CITY OF THE INCASE Landmarks of the Ancient Cnzco Standing in the Sewer City. GOLD WAS THE SDK'S TEAR-DK0P3 ind tne God of tin Old People Hut Havs Wept a Great Deal. THE MidXlPfCBXCB OP THE TEHPL1 icoRsxsroiroxircx ot the nisrxTcn.1 CUZCO, Peru. Jan. 19. The principal charm of this extremely picturesque but un comfortable city lies in its antiquity, and in the glamour which history and tradition have thrown around it So many centuries ago that the date) is lost in the mists of fable, this now comparatively empty portion of Pern was swarming with one ot tbe richest and most powerful nations under the snn. Arcbosologists estimate that the enormous population once herded in these narrow valleys was far more nnmerons than that which to-day spreads over the whole area of tbe United States. Not only in the valley of Cnzco, bnt scat tered, over hundreds of miles in all direc tions, may be seen the remains of towns and cities which, perhaps 1,000 years ago, were much more populous than any that now ex ist. A civilization was here developed which has left memorials of its genius and advancement carved in massive stone, and evidences ot industry which their destroyers have never imitated. Tradition tells ui that Cuzco was founded by the first Inea, Hanco Capac a supernatural personage who came down from the sun-heaven on purpose to consolidate all the tribes of the surrounding country under one form of re ligious government; that he was accom panied and assisted by Mama Oella (hfc sis ter, who was also his wife), and that tha pair were directed by their father, the Sun, to make this the Holy City for his worship, as well ai the royal capital of the nev nation. Bridges That Have Stood for Centuries. The present Plaza Mayor in the center of the modern .city is undoubtedly the same .great central square of Manco's day, though a portion of it has been built upon: and long, narrow streets cross each other at right angles, the same as in ancient times. Two rivers that run through it were enclosed br tbe earliest builders between high walls, crossed by nnmerous bridges formed by pro jecting stones. Those ancient walls bays never been renewed, and most of the bridges are yet in use, for modern engineers say they could not be improved upon. Certainly their substantial character is attested by tha fact that the winds and rains of many centuries have failed to injure them. At frequent intervals along the walls stons steps lead down to the water, which are worn into deep hollows by the feet of generations gone to dust Being built on unequal ground, the origi nal architects were compelled to make many terraces in order to provide suitable sites for their immense structures. They walled tha terraces after the fashion called "Cyclo pean," with stones of irregular shapes and sizes, all carefully fitted together like tba scraps of a crazy quilt; and some of these walls outline'the streets to-dar. The poorer dwellings of tbe common people of ancient times long since disappeared, but the con. querers converted many of the temples and palaces into churces ond convents. The old time gateways were retained. When Flzzaro JIado the Xast Stand. Cnzco's great cathedral occupies the site;, of tbe ancient building which the eighth Inca dedicated to the festivals o the people, and which the early chroniclers tell us was large enuugh for an entire regiment to exer cise under its roof. It was in this building; that tbe invaders, under Gonzalo Pizzaro, barricaded themselves for that last battls with the Peruvians"which they knew would i decide tbe fate of their campaign, as defeat f meant death to everyone of them. Ac-r cording to a legend elaborately carved over the main doorway of the cathedral, tha Spanish victory was due to San Jago, (St. ' James), who appeared at the critical mo ment npon a milk-white horse and took part in the oinflict .or the overthrow of tho "heathen." Besides the central plaza, there are a dozen other spaciou squares wherein tba ' old-time population were accustomed to celebrate the curious festivals of their re ligion, and where the people of to-day hold their firs'as and .nnblic amusement1;. Be ing the "Holy City," pilgrims from the farthest border of ibe Empire. came here to Worship la the great Temple or the Sun. which, jui gl ig from all accounts, must have been the moss magnificent structure in the New World, and probably contained more treasure than any single edi&co iu the Old. It consisted of a prln. ' cipal building and several chapels, covering a lare extent of ground in tho heart of the city, and completely encompassed by a high wall, also of cut and polished stone. The interior of the temple was literally mine of gold. On its western wall was embla zoned a reminder of tbe Sun-god an enormous figure of tbo human face, made of purs gold, from which golden rays darted in all direc tions. Tbe massive plate of gold was thickly Dowdered nitn diamonds, emeralds and other precious stones, and so situated in front of tba great eastern portal that tbe rays of tbe morn ing sun shone directly upon It filling tbe whola place with ono blaze of light and splendor, re flected back from the golden ornaments with which the walls and ceilings were everywhere incrusted. Tear-Drops From the Con. In tbe figurative language of the people, gold was "tears wept by tbe sun," and very part of the Interiorof bis templegluwed with burnished plates and studs of tbe precious metaL Under neath the great golden face were several chain, or thrones, of solid gold, in which were seated tbe embalmed bodies of tbe dead Incas. Tha cornices which surrounded tbe sanctuary walla were of the same costly material; and a broad beltorlrieze of gold, let into the stonework, ran around the whole exierior. In the temple consecrated to tbe moon tha deity considered second in importance as being the mother of the Incas her effigy was repre sented in tbe same manner as that of the sun, on a vast plate that covered nearly one side of tbe building. But this plate, and all tbo other decorations of her temple, were ot silver in stead of gold, a-being better suited to tho paler effulgence of that beautiful planet ' One of the three other temples was dedicated to the host of Stars that formed her bright court; another to Thunder and Lightning; and another to the Rainbow. All tbo plates, orna ments and utensils of every description appro priated to the nses vf religion, were of solid gold or silver. Many of these costly articles were buried by tbe natives to keep them from tbe enpidity of their conquerers; but enougn remained to excite the Spaniard's profoundest admiration and to stimulate their greed to tho highest pitch. Tbey speedily removed every thing portable, ana even tore away the golden frieze and cornices. On tbe very ground onco occupied by tbe gorgeous Coricancba. now stands the stately church of Saint Dominic, ono of the handsomest structure! in the three Americas. Fields of corn and alfalfa now -ripen in tho temple gardens which onco glowed with golden statuary; and where tho Children of the Sun celebrated their religious rites, bare-footed friars chant Ave Marias. In side tbe courtyard of tbe St. Dominic monas tery is still preserved an ancient fountain ot Inca days, which bas been consecrated by tbo Romish churcn far baptismal purposes. It stands in tbe center of an extensive patio, sur rounded by long lines of arched and columned corridors, one story above another. It Is ox solid stone, a Ions oval in Bhape. rising above ground about four feet and sunk into it lix feet or more. Besides tbo great sun temple and its ad juncts, tbers were a largo number or inferior temples and religious edifices scattered all over l uzco and iu environs, to the number of 300 or 400, and there were mny other temples and re ligious bouses In various parts of Incaland, some of them constructed on a scale of mag. niheecce that almost rivaled those uf Cuzcoj and their attendants composed a vast arm v. aksie B. Wabd. The Effect of Arsenic. The men who mine arsenic in the copper districts of Cornwall, Eugland, are paid very liberally, indeed, but cannot get any insurance on their lives, and if they don't quit after a brief spell of work their wivea become widows. Yet, iu Europe, especially in Switzerland and Austria, children posi tively suck arsenic and thrive on it better thau American childmn do on candy, and that the men chew It is an established fact In tbe European districts where the arseaio) abounds the men are powerful and ttf women red-cheked and robust. &&iud4.. L7i.248ul&ft4ridLji. ZJ2$& 3&&& U. iKM'lxKSit'i .lH
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers