- 12 THE PITTSBURG- DISPATCH. TUESDAY, DECEMBER 2, 1S90. 4. f t THE FALSEMESSIAHS A Number of Recent Instances Where Revelations Have Been Claimed. DELUSION AND IMPOSTURE. Bright Men and Women as Well as Ignorant Kegroes Duped. TEKJESSEE'S QUEER FANATICS. a Kero Proclaiming Himself Christ Bad llanj Followers. SCOEES WOESMPED FALSE CHRISTS The Indian is not alone in bis expectation of an early appearance of a new Messiah, as numerous instances are on record where, within the last two or three rears, the more civilized and better-educated white men and black men of America have professed to bare received revelations, and, in some eases, to be the Christ Himself. It was only in the summer of 18S8 that one Patterson, of Tennessee, went aronnd preaching that a wonderful thine was to happen; and when be thought the times were ripe be declared that the second adrent of Christ had come, in the person of A. J. Brown, who bad served as Patterson's assist ant. These two ianatics secured a large following as they went forth preaching their new doctrine, promising to lorgive sins and heal all diseases. It was finally ' announced that Blown must go up into the mountains and last for 40 days and nights in order that he might be fittinglv prepared lor the mission intrusted to his hands. He suddenly disappeared, and nothing was seen of him for many days. "When the prescribed period had passed,on a Sabbath morning in June, his followers went out toward the bills and suddenly he appeared be'ore them clothed in white, with his bands uplifted. A great shout went up and the people rushed toward him, falling upon their knees and kissing bis ieet. Many who were ill declared themselves healed by bis touch. So great was the fanaticism of these people that one girl declared she was ready to die to prove her iaitb, and the non-believers around the town of Eoddy, where these things happened, became so fearful tint human life would be sacrificed that they sent for the Sheriff, at Chattanooga, and it required all his power to compel Patterson and Brown to leave the neighborhood, tnat quiet might be restored. COLORED TEOrLE DTJTED. A"year later, in 1889, occurred that re markable series of impositions upon the credulity of the colored people, where one man after another proclaimed himself as the Christ, promised miracles, drew crowds of excited men and women from their labors, and created consternation in those portions of the South where their performances were carried on. In one case a man nearly white, who gave his name as Bell, went among the netrroes who lived along the Savannah river and proclaimed himself as the returned Christ, crying out that those who hoped to be saved must give up c cry thing and follow him. Hundreds believed him, left the cotton fields, the sawmills, and the turpentine stills, and followed Bell, obeying bis lightest word and ready to lull down at his leet in worship. So great was the disturbance that the authorities were led to arrest Bell, and when be was taken his followers would have torn his captors to pieces and rescued him had he given the word. He told them to be patient, declaring that an angel would come to him and break bis prison doors by night, and that he could not be harmed. As be had some money in bis possession he was pot held for vagrancy, and although thought not to be in his richt mind was soon discharged from custody. He then con tinued his preaching, lollowed by even greater ciowds than before; announced that the world would come to an end on August 1G; that all white men vould then turn black and all black men white, and that be could supply all who wished to ascend on the last diy with wings at S3 a pair. When Bell was finally sent to his proper place an insane asylum Edward Jame, a colored Justice of the Peace in the same neighborhood, announced himsell as the Messiah and proceeded to pnt forward claims as extravagant as those of Bell. He re peated the declaration of Bell that the end of the world was comine August 16, preached that money was no longer of any use in the world, and prevented the employ ers of labor in that section from obtaining needed help. James was finally arrested and sent to the State Insane Asylum at Milledgeville. Yet another negro appeared in Cherokee county with the same preten sions; another in Camden, and a woman in Brunswick attempted the performance of miracles. In each ot these cases the excite ment was short-lived, but fanatical igno rance was provided in sufficient portions to make trouble while it lasted. THE SCIITVEIXFCRTH CRAZE. A very marked example of imposition upon the one side and blind credulty upon the other, the basis being a clalmof the visible Christhood in the flesh, is lurnisbed in the career of George J. Swein'urth, at Itoekford, Tll. In the cases above cited the claimants were obscure and ignorant men, whiln flip rinnpfi wprp nf thp Inulipct. mnn the fieeiimeu, whowere guided onlyby their j emotions and had no help irom culture and education, either in themselves or in the community around them. Vastly different was the Itock'ord delusion, springing up in the most intelligent section of the West, at the behest of the wife of a Congregational minister, who prrached that in her owu person were the attributes of the risen Lord. It is some 1C years since Mrs. Dora Becc man advanced this claim, and her followers were at first few in number, but they were strong in faith, and they located their church ct Bryan, near Bocklord, and went zeal ously to worn. Mr. Beckman, not believing in the new doctrine, was torn by conflicting doctrines until finallv be found relief in in sanity and an asylum. Among tne converts finally came Schwein furth, a young Methodist minister of pleas ing address and appearance and of some mental power. He was soon installed as Bishop and sent forth upon mission labor. After a time, as in the case of Ann Lee, tbe founder of Shakerism, Mrs. Beekman's claim of immoital life was disproved by ber death, and the shrewd Bishop s'epped into the breach, declaring that the divine spirit bad passed from their former leader to bim lelt. The claim was allowed, and to-day be Is worshiped by hundreds, not merely as the Christ returned to the flesh, but as the maker and ruler of the earth as well. These claims, made in tbe open light of tbe nineteenth century and allowed by peo ple who have tbe means oi finding tbe truth by a little investigation, show that men are about what tbey always bave been, and furnish an excuse for the wonderlnl spirit ual impostors of the past. The various per formances of the Faith Ourists might also be cited in illustration of the same point 2IASY SIMILAR INSTANCES. The impositions and vagaries above men tioned bave been tbe performances of a class, end to enumerate all tbe religious fanati cisms and delusions of individuals recorded In America even in the last two years would demand an unreasonable expansion of (pace. One noted instance was that of Mrs. Pauline King, the colored woman ofCik ridge Park, 111., who adveitised that, at she fasted 40 days, she would publicly turn water into wine, as bad been done at tbe marriage feast at Cana of Galilee. When tbe people had gathered on the appointed, day she bad a jar filled with water from a' neighboring well; led in a hymn, and prayed, and then tested the contents ol the jar and found nothing but w.tter; and her leadership was gone, even though her faith remained. A brother and sister named Boland at High Prarie, Kan., became so excited at a religious revival that they went home and built a fire oa the floor of their house, danced around it, and would have burned to death had not the neighbors come to the rescue. John Kuhni, a quiet laborer in a Wisconsin cheese factory, could not convert his room mate, and so he killed him, be cause he would be better dead than alive; cut out his heart to see if it was black, and buried it separately from the rest of the body, that it might not cause the whole body to go to hell. The people of a certain por tion of North Carolina were greatlv stirred up early this year bv the preacning of a number of Baptist ministers that tbe world would come to an end before the end of the year. In Alabama certain churches of the Shermanite denomination bad the end set for a certain day in February, and when it arrived they met at their various places ol worship and spent the forenoon in singing and praying, and only went home when sunset showed them tliat some one made a serious miscalculation in the date. DRINKERS OF HUMAN BLOOD. Early in 18S8 one Silas Wilcox made bis appearance in Wevtern Missouri, preaching but one doctrine the care of tbe sick. Of course, he soon gathered a little band around him, tne members ol which too unto tnem selves the name Samaritans. As his in fluence extended bis creed expanded, and he finally declared that the drinking of blood would heal all manner of diseases, because the Bible declared that the blood was the life. In many cases children were iound who had been bled that their elders might be restored, and tbe strong arm of tbe law had to be evoked before the practice was suppressed. Before the Key. Stephen Nolan, of Kentucky, died, in January last, he de clared that he had had three bodily visita tions from Christ. In Indiana, in April, Clyde Long, a boy of 17, declared that he was Christ, and' must be crucified. He erected a cross and begged to be nailed upon it, and when refused took a knife and cut himself in a iearfnl manner. Another instance was that remarkable ex odus from Oakland, Cal., last April, when Mrs. Woodworth prophesied that many cities would be buried by earthquakes and tidal waves on the 14tb, and many persons be came so impressed that they packed their goods into wagons and ued to the bills, where .they sat down to wait for the destruc tion that never came. Patrick Gorman set out to starve himself in a Connecticut jail because, be said, God had ordered him so to do, and for many days kept it resolutely up. William Thompson, of Kansas, attended Adventist meetings in 1 Dorado to snch purpose that he went home and attempted to put his family out of tbe world a little be fore tbe end that he believed was near, but was overpowered and kept under restraint until the excitement wore away. COULD CUBE BT TOUCH. James Baily was arrested in Alabama only three months ago for obtaining money from the colored people upon the pretense that he was high priest of the queen of heaven and could cure an ill by a touch. Mrs. Sullivan, of Springfield, O., became exceedingly devout, sat up at night and read her Bible, talked and thought of nothing but religion, and finally constructed an altar in her house, upon which she prepared to sacrifice her 6-month-old babe. Sbe stripped it naked, placed it upon tbe altar and reached for a Knife, when tbe opportune en trance of other persons saved its life. In October tbe newspapers told tbe fear ful story of that religious-crazed son and daughter in Michigan who determined that their bedridden mother needed to be baptized, and poured water over her until she died. Mrs. Woodworth, who was re sponsible for the Oakland exodus, moved her tent to St. Louis and for weeks kept up a scene of religious frenzy, scores falling unconscious each evening, seeing visions, receiving communications lrom the dead, and being cured of physical evils. None of these events and scores of like characters might be added bears testimony against true and reasonable religion, bnt they plainly show what human belief cn be led to, and tbe harm that can be done by unscrupulous or misguided men and women. The recent Indian craze is only a portion of that mysterious wave that has swept over the human emotions from tbe beginning of time tbe Indian showing that he is neither stronger nor weaker than his brother of other hues. CHEWING STALE GUM. A Teacher Condemns tko Habit as Injurious to the System. "Gum chewing may be good for indiges tion," remarked a school teacher yesterday, "but I think it is injurious to chew the same piece a second time. I have seen girls, when called to recite, pull out a big wad and slap it against a chair or desk, and when they have finished their recitations deliberately pull off tbe elastic stuff, taking paint and all irom the woodwerk, and resume the chewing operation on the entire mass. But I do not object so much to the paint and dirt, which are comparatively not injurions, but after the gum has been mauled for a time be tween the teeth it becomes impregnated with saliva and other substances which soon decay. The color of the gum, if you wilt notice, becomes blue, and then it is really harmful to chew it. It is not neces sary lor one to be a physician to understand my meaning. It must be patent fo every body without going into details. It is al ways well to leave something to the im agination. "Some claim that chewing gum exces sively makes people thin. Possibly it does, but oh. Lord, deliver me from the man or woman who will grind the same piece over and over again until it is reekine." HAMUfG HIS FOECE. County Controller-Elect Greer Makes Hlg Appointment of Clerks. James A. Greer, County Controller-elect, yesterday made his appointments of clerks in his ofhee. They are: D. W. McBryar, of Elizabeth, chief clerk; BobertK. Moore, of Sharpsburg, bookkeeper; John M. Ader son, Fourteenth ward, bond clerk; E. N. Randolph, Twenty-first ward, register clerk; F. W. Edwards, Braddock township, docket clerk. Fob breaking up a cold use Dr. D. Jayne's Expectorant, which subdnes the in flammation and heals the soreness, relieving throat and lungs. Fifty Per Cent Increase the Past Tear Shows plainer than all else where we stand in public estimation. We will not send out any but strictly first-class beers and ales. Families supplied direct. The Iron City Brewing Company, Telephone 11SG. Original Ideas. Kennedy always has a new notion of something to serve at eucher parties, recep tions, teas, etc When preparing for enter taining go and see him. Sixth and Da quesne way. ttsu Beady for Christmas. Fresh shipments each day, now, of Royal Dresden, Couldon, Crown Derby, Doulton, Boyal Worcester and Eoyal Stafford in new shapes and decorations. Dubbin & Mo Watty, Jewelers and Silversmiths, xusa 63 Fifth avenue. Now Is the Time. To have your pictures taken and avoid the holiday rush. Cabinet photos 51 00per dozen. Life size crayon portraits, Vith handsome frames, $7 00. Lies' Popular Gallery, 10, 12 Sixth st TTSU J4uUAi a au uich j;uvu UUUl -SW W IM.U upward daring our great holiday and clear ing sale, ttssu Huqus & Hacke. DECEMBER PLANETS. There Is flow I?o Kival to Jupiter in the Heavenly Skies OP INTEREST TO ASTRONOMERS. A Prettj Picture at the Conjunction of Planets This Month. THE POSITION OF MAES AND SATEEN The sun gets to the extreme southern limit of its journey December 21 and astro nomical winter begins. This point in his course is called tbe solstice, and, as the word implies, the sun seems to stand still for a few days before starting north to ripen both our wits and our crops. Months will pass, however, before we can 'appreciate the in crease in light and beat, and we shall, no doubt, have practical proof of tbe old say ing that as the days begin to lengthen the cold begins to strengthen. In the days of the old heathen nations the year began when the sun started nortb, says a writer in the New York Times. It was tbe jubilee of the year to their simple natures, the long-looked-forward-to hour when, with music, dancing and festive offer ings, they paid homage to the rude deities they worshiped, and in whose power they had implicit faith. To them the sun was the great representative deity, and the winter solstice the time peculiarly devoted to religious worship. Our own festivities and thanksgivings at Christmas time arc no more genuine than were the simple faith and trust that were symbolized by the ob servances of tbe ancients at the time when old Sol turned his face northward. Decem ber 11 there is a central eclipse of tbe sun, wnich is tbe last for the year, but which is of little interest to us, ai we can see nothing of it. People living in the latitude of Auckland or Mauritius will have a nne chance for observation, and our scientists will bave to depend upon their observations for additional data. THE CONJUNCTIONS. The last quarter of the preseat moon is on December i, the new moon comes on the 11th, first quarter on tbe 18th, and full moon on Christmas. The age of the moon at the beginning of the year gives us the exact camber, 20, which in the church calendar is a very important number to remember. The moon is in conjunction with a planet when the center of tbe moon and the center of tbe planet are in the same right ascension or longitude. The moon at that time may be, and generally is, north or south of the planet. The conjunctions for the month begin with Saturn on the 4th and end with the same planet on tbe last day of tbe year. Neither of these is sufficiently close to attract particular attention. The second conjunc tion is with Uranus on the 8th, but, as we can seldom see tbe planet, this meeting also has bnt little significance, Venus is too close to tbe sun when ber turn comes, and Mercury can beincludedinthesame remark. December 15 and 16. however, there will be a conjunotion with Jupiter and with Mars, and, if the evenings are bright and clear, there will be a very pretty pictnre. Al though the celestial bodies are not very close together, their positions in relation to each other afford a fine tableau. The full moon in December is high in nortnern declination, so that lor two or three nights we shall bave its round, smil ing face throughout the night. It was only a lew weeks ago that in tbe midst of the peculiar tint of yellow green so brilliant in the western sky soon after the sun had touched the horizon Venus could be seen shining serene and bright, but gradually it faded from view, as getting nearer and nearer the sun it was absorbed by the more powerful light. Almost the entire year Venus has proved the chief attraction of the evening planets. We have watched it emerge from the glare of the sunlight, chal lenge Jupiter, and, coming out triumphant from the contest, reign unrivaled as the most brilliant gem in tbe celestial vault. But, like the ball secured to the end of a rubber and thrown out from the band to re turn to it on the rebound, so Venus, baying receded to its limit about 45 degrees from the sun, is drawn by irresistible force back once again toward the center of the solar system, with which it is in inferior con junction on tbe 3d. VENUS, JUPITER AND MARS. According to the ancients, Venus had two names Hesperus when it was evening star, and Phosphorus when it was morning star. As it now joins the latter group and will be west ol tbe sun, we shall next see it ap pear in the east before sunrise, where it will .shine long after the rest of night's candles have burned out. Venus's diameter is getting smaller and smaller, and a year hence it will hardly be one-sixth its present size. At the beginning of December the planet will be found in the constellation of the Scorpion. Jupiter is now without a rival in the evening sky and can be seen just before the sun disappears. He is well south in decli nation and is coming to our meridian earlier and earlier as the distancet hat separates him lrom the sun is gradually- lessening. About the middle of February the two will be in conjunction, and when next we see the giant planet it will be as morning star. He is chasing Venus, and early in April he will overtake and pass her. Tbe conjunc tion will be close and interesting, although it will be somewhat too early in the morn ing for the majority of star gazers. The right ascension of Jupiter on the 1st is 20 boars 44 minutes, his declination is 18 degrees 54 minutes south, and he is to be found in the constellation of Capricorn. Mars, whose approach to Jupiter and de parture from that planet formed so interest ing a study for several weeks, is also an evening star. At present he is not quite three-quarters of an hour behind bis neigh bor, bat bsfore tbe month closes the interval will be increased to almost to one hour and three-quarters, and will continue to get wider and wider in tbe course of the coming year. Just at present there is no heavenly body that gives rite to more speculation as to its composition, inhabitants, artificial charges, and so forth, than Mars. Scientists await with impatience the approach of tbe planet to a favorable location for observa tion in order that if possible some light may be thrown on many of the vexed questions that are dividing oar astronomers into fac tions and producing tbe wildest specula tions as to what really does exist upon the surface of our warlike neighbors. POSITION OF URANUS. Neptune and Uranus are at so very great a distance that they fail to attract the atten tion of the amateur student of the evening skies. We are denied oar usual monthly privilege of finding Uranus by his proxim Jty to the moon, as at the time of conjunc tion the waning moon is not visible in the evening. Uranus was at first thought to be a star, but closer observations of its disc showed that it was not a star; so it was then taken for a comet, and a study of its orbit was made. This resulted in its being proved a planet, whose nearest distance to the sun was at least 14 times that ol the earth from the sun. Mercury is evening star, and as be is growing larger and getting farther from the" sun we shall be able to see him in the south western skies shortly after sunset a little to the southward of the point at which the sun disappears. The spring ol the ye.ir is more favorable for seeing the planetlhan the au tumn; bat if one looks steadily at tho point referred to he will find Mercury shining with a brilliant white light, brighter than any fixed star, except Sirins. It does not seem so bright as it really is, because it can never be seen except when rery near the horizon; then, too, its brilliancy varies con siderably, owing to the great eccentricity of its orbit and the great changes in its dis tance from tbe earth. Saturn is now the fair star that gems the glittering coronet of morn. He rises about ix boars in advance of the sun, and islarger ana more oeauiiiui man at any umo since i i the early months of the year, He ii in the j constellation of the Lion, not very far from the brightest star of that group, Begalus. Early risers will find bim well up in tbe northeast section of the heavens, where his brightness renders bim unmistakable. ar,d not to be confounded with any twinkler it. his vicinity. Saturn is twice in conjunction with the moon in the course of the month. B1ULLIANT DECEMBER STABS. The December heavens have many of the most brilliant stars of the firmament. Some of the summer groups we miss, but their places as points ot attraction are filled by others of equal interest, although we may have to look in some other position of the sky to find them. An interesting discovery was made a few months ago in the constells tion of the Great Beai, or, as we more famil iarly call it, the Dipper. Mizar, tbe mid dle star of the three forming tbe handle, is of the second magnitude, and even to the naked eye is observed to be double. Alcor, its partner, is of the fifth magnitude, and the Arabs considered it a good test of the eye sight to discern the pair. Prof. Pickering, of Harvard, found by the telescope that Mizar itself is double 'at regular periods of 52 days and the inference is that Mizar con sists of two immense suns revolving around each other, sometimes appearing as ode and sometimes as two stars. The period of rev olution of each sun around tbe common cen ter of gravity is estimated at 104 days and their maximum velocity is 100 miles a second. As we look toward the south we see high up toward the zenith the three stars forming the head of Aries (the Bam). Aries is one of tbe constellations of the Zodiac and was formerly the first of the 12, but the same change that has shifted tbe pole from the ,Dragon to the Little Bear has shifted the Ham from its former position. The constel lation Ariadnus is seen to the left of the south, passing on a winding course, such as a river would follow, to the southern hori-, zon. In the east ore the Lesser Dog, tbe Twins, the Charioteer, and, approaching the point overhead, the stars of Perseus. Orion has passed over to the east-southeast, and above bis head lie tbe principal stars of tbe Ball. Sirius and Pr'ocyon, Betelgeuxand Bigel, Aldebaran and Copella, all beautiful stars of the first magnitude, are visible in the eastern heavens, as are also gems of lesser brilliancy, snch as Bellatrix. Castor and Pollux, while to the westward there are Pegasus, Andromeda, Aquarius, and Cyg nus, and still lower down the smaller con stellations of Equuleus and Delphinus. A YEAR'S CHARITY. Annual Meeting of the Pittsburg Society for the Improvement of the Poor The Old Officers All Re-Elected Anniversary Meeting Next Sunday. The annual meeting of the Society for tbe Improvement of the Poor, its friends and contributors, was held yesterday afternoon in their rooms, on Sixth avenue. Tbe Pres ident, Mrs. W. A. Herron, occupied the chair. The Secretary and Superintendent of the association, Mrs. S. E. Lippincott, read the reports of the work done during the past year, showing an increase in the num ber of applicants for charity, an extension of the field oi work and tbe successful accom plishment of their labor in relieving want and distress. The donations of money and the contributions of food and clothing were all reported, and manifested the hearty sup port of the charitable. The reports of the association proper, the temporary home and of the disposal of the Iresh air fund were all approved. The old officers were re-elected as follows: Mrs. Herron, President; Mrs. Theo. Ewmg, Mrs. L. M. Harding and Mrs. William Thaw, Vice Presidents; Mrs. S. E. Lippin cott, Secretary and Superintendent, and Miss A. L. Wilmarth, Asssistant Superin tendent, a new office. Tbe present Board of Managers was re-elected, and Mrs. Law rence Dilworth was chosen to fill the place made vacant by the death of Mrs. W. P. Shinn. m The anniversary meeting of tbe associa tion will be held next Sabbath evening at 7:15 o'clock in Eev. E. Belfour's First En glish Evangelical Lutheran Church, on Grant street, near Sixth avenue. The ad dresses will be made by Bev. John H. Prngh and Bev. E. Bel four. The reports of the association will then be read and given to tbe public. THE CHIEF'S CASE AGAIN. Evidence of the Prosecution Against Rob ert Jones Heard Yesterday Morning A Largo Slice of Testimony Billed Out More to Come To-Morrow. Tbe adjourned hearing in tbe case of Chief Jones, of Allegheny, charged by William Winn with certain irregularities, was called up yesterday and after several witnesses were examined tbe defense rested and the case was postponed until to-morrow morning. Ex-Chief of Police Kirschler stated that numerous reports were made of boxes being ont of order and false runs being made; that the box which gave the most trouble was No. 224, the one the Chief is charged with having pulled. Turnkey Hamilton testified that he sent the wagon to box 224 anumberof times, but it always proved a false run. He says he complained to Chief Jones bat got no satisfaction. Controller James Brown produced the original voucher for $200, dated December 1, 1889, made out to William Winn, and signed by Bobert Jones that the work had been done. Officer William McKelvey, of the police force, formerly drove the patrol wagon, and said he had answered numerous false rnns, but did not know the reason. City Clerk White was called, but Mayor Wyman ruled out the testimony wanted from him, and the hearing adjourned. PAYIHG HIJTJBED FIBEMEff. Warrants on the Disability Fund Ordered Drawn by the Board. The Disability Board met yesterday and ordered warrants drawn on tbe disability fund in favor of the following firemen who have sustained injuries during the past month: Peter Wlllsln'on, injured by falling stack at brickyard fire. Nineteeutn ward. John Langdon, nail in foot at the same fire as above. Bryce Feoster. struck by a ladder answering an alaim. John Keenan, ankle sprained answering an alarm. Joseph Hook, caught and squeezed between truck and hose carriage at a fire. John Gillespie, injured by a fall. The Secretary, Crosby Gray, reported that tbe balance on band to date was $14,853 67. A BAHBOAD SEAL. The Burlington Secures the Dnbnqae, Iowa and Davenport. Cedab Eapids, Ia., Dee. 1. For some time there have been rumors to' the effect that the Burlington, Cedar Bapids and Northern road had secured control of the Dubuque, Iowa and Davenport road. Offi cials oi the Burlineton road confirm the re port. The former line buys the bonds of the latter company, takes with them the stock held by tbe bondholders and assumes control of the road under a lease. Be on Time I Excellent advice always. Adopt It In tho treatment of kidney and bladder Inactivity and you will avoid danger. Healthful! r, but mod erately, impel these organs, it sluegish, to act by the early use ot llnstetter'a Stnuidch Bit ters, no less a diuretic than a tonic end ceneral alterative. Don't f oreot, also, the timely aid it affords when malarial, liver and rheumatio complaints manifest themselves. See Oar S3 Pattern Bonnets And hats that sold at $8 to "S15. Hoene & Wabd, 41 Fifth avenue, BAEOAINS in lace curtains; 200 pairs Nottingham lace curtains reduced, from $6 SO to $3 75 per pair daring our clearing sale. Tissu Huous & Hacke. SG-Inch Gloria Cover, natural wood handle, tbe best value ever shown at (1 25;.28 Jn. same at $1 50, dOBNB & Wabd, 41 Filth avenue. THE NEW CONDITION Of Economy That is Confronting the People of This Country, AND THE ATTENTION IT CLAIMS. Phenomena of Easiness Life Present Meth ods flare Resulted In. A PEAOEFDIi MOVEMENT UNDER WAT tTROM A STAVT CORRKSrOXDIXT.3 Washington, Dec. ,1. "For ten years I have not known a season so dull as this one has been, extending over the last three months," said business man to me to-day. "I appears to me the people have stopped eating and drinking," said the keeper of the restaurant where I sometimes take a frugal luncheon. "I have a piece of real estate for which I paid $40,000 a year ago, and everybody thought I had a bargain," said a wealthy and shrewd real estate dealer this afternoon. "I attempted the other- day to borrow $10,000 on this piece of property and was re fused by men who had money to loan in anv sum a few months ago. I went to the banks and got the same reply. They were not loaning any money,but were calling in their loans." So goes the story all around. Everybody has tbe same cry. There is more money in the country than there has been at any time within its history, but it is hoarded in the banks, in holes and corners, in old stock ings, and all for fear of a panic. The fellow who has no ptoperty to lose, and not more than ?500 to bit name, and who bas a small but assured salary, hangs on to that $500 as though he too would go down in the crash if a crash were to come. It is this timidity that is making way for a panic The banks, institutions that are so convenient for tbe transaction of the business of the world, are, by their course, contributing more than all other influences to tbe very climax they say tney wisn to avert, by reiusing to lend money on good securities to those to whom they have been accustomed to lend. They say they must be secured against a possible "ran," and to secure themselves they are driving borrowers, which is nearly every body, to the wall and hastening tbe very thing all would avoid. BOOT Or THE MATTER. This is onlv a natural result of methods of doing business. It is secondary. The root of the matter lies far back of that. The chastisement of the result may lead us to look more closely into the mysteries of the cause. We may not have a panic Let us all hope we will not. But we have already had -so bad a fright that we must be sobered from our dissipation of speculation suffi ciently to try to get at the beginning of these evil episodes of business life. When a house like the Baring Brothers, 200 years old, without a taint upon its name, Is saved from ruin only by the extraordi nary, not to say astounding, proceeding of being assisted out of its "hole" by rival banks, and evpn by the world-renowned Bank of England, the most indifferent must be led to pause and ask if there is no safer way of producing and distributing the re quirements of life than that way which is as sure to produce frequent periods of elation and as many corresponding periods of depression as tbe sun is sure to rise and set. These phenomena of business life have grown Immensely with tbe growth ot modern methods of doing business, modern appliances, which induce rapid trans actions, the craze of competition and specu lation, which is a natural lunacy of the con ditions, and the concentration of money power which enables a few individuals to absolutely control the ebb and flow of trade of a country. HEW SCHOOL OP ECONOMY. These prosaic remarks are a word of pre lude to the statement that the new practical economy is rapidly producing a new school of theoretical economists that are, with amazing rapidity, revolutionizing the economical thought of the world. Even this statement is a "chestnut," so fast are we rushing toward great political changes. It is bnt a few years since the Grangers and the Greenbackers, backed in a way by some of the labor organizations, were merely actuated by blind hatred of "monopolists," and expected relief from some rearrangement of the financial system. They had no con ception of the primal cause of the evils they complained of. They would not listen to a suggestion that the only hope lay in the people taking and operating tbe means of production anu uiairiuuuon ior tnemseives. The labor organizations looked upon their employers as their natural and implacable enemy, and their whole study was to circum vent in some way their masters and prevent a depression anaseec an increase of wages. Here in the national capital is perhaps the best place in tbe country to study the progress of the philosophical ecouomic thought that ignores all half way sugges tion s, that cares nothing for measures of mere temporary relief. Here are the official representatives of all of the organizations of the discontented, watching every movement of the national legislators, suggesting occa sionally something palliative, but always with the argument that it is only palliative, and never concealing lor a moment that it is their aim to induce the Government, in other words ths people, to take the grand machinery which is now in the hands of the monopolists, and employ it for the good of the whole mass without profit or charge, except for the purpose of covering expenses of operating. INTELLIGENCE OP THE DISCONTENTED. "Look at the headquarters of all these people," said a member of Congress, as we walked to the Capitol to-day. "Here are the Knights of Labor, the Federation of La bor, the Farmers' Alliance, and even the local organizations of the working people have their "legislative committees," which haunt the Capitol during every ses sion and take a hand in everything that uears upuu uieir interests; ana mey are ue giuning.to find out that pretty nearly every thing bears upon their interests. And what a lot of well-informed fellows they are! There are not half a dozen Congressmen out of the whole body that can talk as intelli gently on economical questions as these rep resentatives of the discontented classes.. ""Sow, I am known as a sort of a crank on these subjects, simply because I have made it a point so study the tendency of the time, and I tell yon that I would not be surprised to see a revolution in political feeling within the next two years that will put into the Presidental chair a man in per fect sympathy with the idea of the Govern ment conducting the banking and money loaning business of the country, and com mitted to the acquirement immediately of the great trunk lines ot railroads and tele graphs. I do not say that be will be the nominee of the f.irmers and wbrkingmeu's organizations, but I believe both of the old parties will be lorced to adopt plat ormsand pledge themselves to these and other ideas that are thought to be basic and reforma tory, and that the Congress and administra tion then brought into power, no matter of which party, will be compelled to take prompt steps in tbe direction of the new economy. "A great financial crash would help tbe cause of these people amazingly, and I would not be surprised to see that crash come soon. Should that occur it would be impossible for the country to recover from the effects before the next national election, and either tbe old parties would be over whelmed as a result, or pledged to carry out all of the ideas of the progressists, as we might call these people. A MOVEMENT OP PEACE. "Let me tell you moreover," continued the frank Congressman, who is a real being and not one nf my imagination, as you might be led to suspect; "let me tell you that this new economical movement is not only one that seeks to go to tbe root of things and do everything in an equitable and scientlfio manner, but it is one of peace. Look at the Socialists in my State of New York. A few years ago we looked upon them as a howling mob, without aim or reason. Now we find them opposing strikes as the machinery of waste and misery; op posing violence, as productive ot reaction, retarding rather than accelerating the movement, taking up a State ticket and gaining for it about 12,000 votes. "The most radical and aggressive element advocates no other meansof redress than the ballot. They abuse neither employers nor monopolists, who, they recognize, are merely products of the conditions. 'Change the conditions which produce these evils,' they say, 'and the abnormal things will dis appear of themselves.' Let it once be un derstood that these new economists are phil osophers and not cat-throats, and see how they will grow. "I tell yon," concluded my Congressman, "we are on the eve or changes to which the war and its results will bear no comparison, and the present deep depression of trade.the whole financial world trembling for fear of a crash, is one of the supreme factors that are hastening us toward the change; for the situation must compel even a fool to try to invent some better method than the present of satisfying the demands of humanity." E. W. L. NO DECISION YET. The Settlement of a Vexed Question to ho Made Oil-Boring Companies and Their Duties as to the Disposal of Salt Water. An erroneous impression prevails quite extensively regarding the suits against tbe oil-boring companies that allow saltwater to escape and get into surrounding springs, well and streams. New trials being re fused in a number of cases by Judge Ewing where judgment had been gotten, and exe cutions having been ordered made, some people think the decisions were final and that an extensive silivation of the compa nies would begin at once. The fact is that the Supreme Court bas not yet made a deliverance, and will not before the January term. There was one case taken up, nnd it remains to be seen whether orno the supreme tribunal will regard it as it did the case of the Pennsyl vania Coal Company against the lady in Scranton. There it was held that the work of coal mining being necessary a company could not be held liable for the pollution of streams where the overflow from the shaft or mine was allowed to follow the natural outlet. Justice Clark, in the opinion rendered, however, did not undertake to say that if pollution in terfered with the enjoyment and health of a large community the case would be united on the same principle as in the case under consideration, and Judge Ewing intimated in these oil-boring-salt-watercaser, that as the strata and trend of subterranean streams was better understood now than formerly, and as there was evi dence to show that the mischief complained of might have been obviated by an expen diture of $50 to $250, the offending company might be required to make that expenditure or be mulcted for the consequencesof refusal. It is supposed that the cases noted in which tbe execution was ordered will be appealed also. "VOBKIHG OH OVERTIME. Judges Collier and Single Bearing; a Cele brated Braddock Case. Judges Collier and Slagle made each an hour and a half overtime, in the Common Pleas, yesterday, listening to the contention between the Braddock and Turtle Creek Electric Bailway Company and the borough of Braddock. This is the "home protection" company that knocked out all competitors, one hot,night last summer, and there has been considerable bad blood in the borough since, and the fact that a rival company has since obtained right of way on another street, has not been an emollient. The borongh claims the power to super vise the putting up of the poles and fix the location thereof, at lead in the case of three of them, and the B. & T. E. B. B. Co. de nies the jurisdiction of the Street Commit tee in the premises. The committee insists that three certain poles must be placed diag onally, as it is contended that if they are not they will Injure some business property. The company claims that the zigzag placing of the poles will interfere with the' working of the line, and to this the borough answers that there are parallel cases on lines of other roads, and they are managed without trouble, and finally, that the bor ough has tbe same power to superintend the placing of tbe poles as it has the laying of tbe rails. Messrs Bodgers and Gost appeared for the Company, and Boronzh Solicitor A. B. Stevenson for the borough. The argument will be continued to-day. PAYIHG POE DBUTKS. Supplementary Assessment of the Water Bureau for the Present Tear. The supplementary report of the Bureau of Water Assessments was filed with the Con troller by Superintendent George Miller yes terday,and the City Treasurer is now receiv ing the taxes therefor. The total amount from the 23 wards is 512,314 25. The report shows a gratifying increase in tbe revenues of tbe city, for, while the Finance Committee only estimated $540,000 as the receipts from the Water Assessment Bnreau in tbe prepara tion of the appropriation ordinance (or this year, the regular assessment footed up over 5630,000, the supplementary adds $12,314 25, and there have been received in cash nearly $10,000 from water rent of contractors who used water in tbe work of erecting new buildings. It is expected that the actual receipts from the Water Assessment Bureau will run nearly $100,000 over tbe estimate before tbe end of the present fiscal year. The various wards contributed to tbe sup plementary assessment ns follows 1st ward Si.228 00 2d ward 210 60 Sdward S22 00 4th ward 1S4 75 fith ward 51 00 fltn ward ZS9 0C 7th ward 32 75 13th ward 8 818 75 11th ward 700 50 15th ward 206 75 16th ward 400 25 17th ward 313 00 18th ward 240 ts 19th ward 955 25 2oth ward 840 25 8th ward 332 00 flth ward 1,207 50 10th ward : 50 21st ard 766 00 22d ward 250 75 11th ward 4S7 75 12th ward 359 25 23d ward 423 00 Total. .$12,314 2-5 THE II0K-8LAYEES VICHM. Ho Beaches Oat and Gathers In an One Eared Babbit There is a lion-slaving ape at a local mnseam which knows a good thing when he sees it. A strong iron box brought him to this city, where he was resting yesterdayi preparatory to being transferred to the large cage which is to be his home while on ex hibition. The front of the iron box is cov ered with steel bars, with an opening of about two inches between each, in order that the lion slaver may eet a little air. In the Zoological Garden where the cage rested dwelt two rabbi ts.reparkable for the fact that each of them was minus an ear. They were quite tame, and as a consequence were al lowed to roam around the room at will. . One of them roamed a little too near the cage of tbe lion slayer yesterday. There was a long black paw quickly exteuded out ward; there was a wild screech that alarmed all the animals of the house, as well as the humans. Far showered in the air for an in stant; there was a crunching ot bones, and then all was still. The ereat jaws of the monster closed, and he rested serenely in his cace. A museum manager now mourns the loss of his pet; the lion slayer bad swallowed the little rabbit whole. CATTLE THIEVES 1YSCSED. Two Men Strung TJp by a South. Dakota Vigilance Committee. Minneapolis, Dec L The Journal's, Chamberlain, S. D., corresDondent, says: Two men living on Had river were lynched by a vigilance committee several days ago. Cattle stealing has been going on, and in vestigation pointed to the sqnaw men as the guilty parties. The vigilance committee has been carrying matters with a hieh hand for some time, and there is considerable ex-1 oitement, -. . I SAME AS PITTSBURG. The Granite State Providen' Branch in Cleveland Also SEEMS IN SEEI0US TROUBLE. The Stockholders Devising Mean3 to Re cover Their Money. EASTERN OFFICE TO BE IKVESTIGATED Cleveland, Dec. 1. Last Tuesday tbe Cleveland office of the Granite State Provi dent Association was locked by the agents. Max Fuerst and Maurice Maitns, to be re opened by a keeper irom a justice court. A number of attachment suits were brought by stockholders of the local branch of the association and other per sons against tbe agents, who disappeared. The agents came here fonr or five months ago, rented an office in the Blackstone build ing, hired a stenographer, and bought fine furniture. Then they began business, and in the coarse of a few months, bv plausible talk, induced 31G persons to subscribe for shares of stock. Tbe association was ostensibly organized to present and operate a "mutual benefit" plan in the form of a rent purchase of prop erty. Bv its methods it was promised that anv person who could pay rent for a house could easily pay lor and own a home. All persons desiring to join the association were to make applica tion for stock and pay monthly does for six months from tbe date of the certifi cates of shares before being entitled to apply for property. An illustration will serve best to show the plan of operation. Five shares would purchase, in time, property worth $SO0, the member paying $10 monthly. For tbe first six months $1 per month on each share was paid, and at T1IE END OF THAT TIME the stockholder was to borrow $800 for build ing a house. After the money was loaned him he paid $2 a share per month. The total expense of obtaining an $800 loan was $930, payable monthly in installments as explained. The agents here appear to have done a good business, and 316 stockholders were obtained. It is claimed that about $12,000 has been paid to the agents in monthly does. The headquarters of the association are in Manchester, N. II., but since the disappear ance of the agenU nothing has been beard from the home office, and the stockholders have become anxious to learn if their money has been invested in a bona fide in stitution, or if tbey have been defrauded. To discuss tbe situation a meeting of tbe Ipcal branch shareholders was held in the office in the Blackstone block yesterday afternoon. Nearly 200 stockholders ex pressed tbeir interest by attending the meeting, which was held with closed doors. J. F. Grether was elected chairman and J. C. Foster secretary. Tbe first business transacted was to adopt a vigorous rule to exclude newspaper rep rters. Tbe justice's keeper, W. H. Hudson, was appointed ser-geant-at-arms and ordered to guard the door and pine up the keyholes. A statement issued by the home office on September 1, 1800, showing tbe assets of the association to be $110,969 06, was read by Stock holder Bensall. Somebody asked if anybody knew that there was such an institution as a home office or a chartered association. Nobody knew, but one or two thought there was a headquarters in Man chester, N. H. The ex-attorney for tbe miss ing agents, J. M. Hurlburt, Esq., arose to explain to the stockholders the meaning of the hue print on the bade ot the certificates of stock, which many had overlooked. Mr. Hurlburt has ATTACHED THE OFFICE FUESITDEE to secure hfs fees, and the stockholders en vied him his good fortune in having a first mortgage upon the plush-covered arm chairs and settees in tbe room. They listened to him for a time, and then a shareholder asked the lawyer it be was a stockholder. Mr. Hurlburt replied that be was not finan cially interested in tbe association. A stockholder intimated that he did not care to listen longer to the legal gentleman. Then someone moved that Mr. Hurlburt be allowed to proceed with his speech. "I move to amend so that he be allowed to retire," said another. This motion was seconded and put. "Aye," shouted a score of voices. There were no audible "nays," and the attorney gracefully retired and joined the reporters on the outside. Then two or three German stockholders grumbled because the language used at the meeting was Euglish. The colored stock holders objected to German as the official language, but tbe chair surmounted the difficulty by translating the English speeches into German. It was explained that the by-laws of tbe association provided that a local board of directors must be elected before loans would be made In this city, and that none of tbe stockholders could borrow money with which to pur chase property until such a board was organ ized and approved by the general board of directors. Several shareholders proposed to elect such a board. There were others who desired that a man be sent to Manchester and to New York to investigate the affairs of the association and ascertain if it was a bona fide organization doing business on a sound financial basis. There were some stockholders who objected to paying out any more money even to learn if the invest ment they had made was a good one or if they had been victimized. K0W FULLY ORGANIZED. A Pittsburg Branch otthc Institute of Sacred Literature. The Pittsburg branch of the American Institute of Sacred Literature was finally organized at the Young Hen's Christian Association rooms yesterday afternoon. Dr. George T. Pnrves was elected President; Dr. McMillan, Vice President; Dr. George Hodges, Secretary, and Durbin Home, Treasurer of the Pittsburg branch. An Executive Committee was also elected, con sisting of the President and Secretary ex officio, and Dr. AVoodbnrn, Dr. T. J. Leak, Prof. McClenahan and Prof. McClurkin. The constitution and by-laws state that the organization shall be known as the Pittsburg Branch of the Institute of Sacred Literature; the purpose of the organization shall be to promote a systematic study of the Scriptures. First, bv classes for the study of the English Bible; second, by courses of lectures on Bible subjects, and third, by classes for the study of Hebrew and Biblical Greek. The Board of Direc tors, under whose direction the work will be done, is to be self-perpetuating, and consists of 30 members. The officers of the board are the President, ITtAo Da.aMiiHt CdnrAtflrv TrpoarlM nnrl .fLUUUOr. J.I1C UUUIU l?li it ouuuailjr, un the fourth Tuesday of September, and at which time the work for the year shall be planned, At the annual meeting ot the board a committee of general management will be appointed to carry out the plans and general instructions of the board daring the year. 4 -1 ?A fflt- l-AMwrl wT I AA Ann! I A Ladles and Gentlemen, You are invited to attend the great auction sale of fine diamonds, watches, jewelry, silver and silver-olated ware, onyx and marble clocks, bronzes, etc, now going on. This stock is all first-class goods; in fact, the finest line of goods ever offered at auc tion in this city. Sales daily at 10 A. sl, 2:30 and 7:30 P. M., until my entire stock and fixtures are disposed of. Bemember, all goods warranted the same as though bought at private sale, by M.G.Cohen, Diamond Expert nnd Jeweler, 533 Smithfield street. Tho Best Assortment ' Of gents' umbrellas ever shown. Ail kinds of handles, natural and silver, and best qualities; lowest prices. Hokne Ss Wabd, 41 Eifth avenue. NEW ADVERTISEMENTS. BPRq; Presents in the most elegant form THE LAXATIVE and NUTRITIOUS JUICS OF THE FIGS OF CALIFORNIA, Combined with the medicinal virtues of plants known to be most beneficial to the human system, forming an agreeable and effective laxative to perma nently cure Habitual Consti pation, and the many ills de pending on a weak or inactiv condition of the KIDNEYS, LIVER AND BOWELS. Itis themostexcellentreinedy known to CLEANSE THESTSTEM EFFECTUALLY When one is Bilious or Constipated SO THAT PURE BLOOD, REFRE8HINQ SLEEP, HEALTH and STRENGTH NATURALLY FOLLOW. Every one is using it and all are delighted with it. ASK YOUR DRUGGIST FOR e--fc--.lHLTJ.k- OIK" PIGS MANUFACTURED ONLY BY CALIFORNIA FIG SYRUP CO. SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. LOUISVILLE. KY. .HEW YORK. N. Y. yjJ-77-TTS SARANAO f Doctor. Aiercnant. Car Driver. Drayman. Laborer. Housewife. School Boy or Girt. Father. Mother. Best for the ( Everyone. SARANAO Driving. Gardening'. Sweepfng. Rowinc. All out-door work. SARANAO Best Glove and Mitten to protect the hands; fit and wear Ruaran teed. Always made of Deer .Skin: economical, desirable for Rich, for Poor. Don't let yonr dealer sell any other than a baranac Glove or Mitten. Saranac Glove Co., Littleton, lf.IT. no2t-TTS 8EEMY SPONGE? r SHINE jour Shoes ,witn WOLFF'S ACME BLACKING ONCE A WEEK! Other days wash them clean with SPONGE AND WATER. EVERY Housewifa EVERY Counting Roorq EVERY Carriage Owrter EVERY Thriftu Mechanic EVERY Body able to hoid a brush SHOULD TJSn JgSHK" M A mXtMT THAT OJ m AM MC TMRQMH. 77E1T7. Will 8 tain Old & New Furniture Will Stain Glass andChinawarc Will Stain Tinware Will Stain your Old Baskets Will Stain Bast's Coach WQLF7 & BANDOLPH. Pllade'iahlm. HOTELS. PLAZA HOTEL. Gth Ave., C8th and C9th Srs., New York. OVKLOOKIXO CE2.TRAL TAHK. CUISINE. SERVICE AND APPOINT MENTS UNSURPASSED. American and European Flans. ABSOLUTELY FIBEPEOOP. F. A. nAJlMOND. noI3-2lTTS STEA3IEKS AND EXCURSIONS. STATE LINE TO Glasgow.LontlonrJerry, Belfast, Dublin, Liverpool & London. FROM NEW YORK EVERY THURSDAY. Cabin Passage, J35 to SoO, according; to location of stateroom. Excursion. K5 to S35. Steerage to and from Earope at lowest rates. AIM BALDI IH & CO., General Asents, 53 Uroadway, New York. J. j. Mccormick. sel-l-D Asent at Pitubure. TTJIIIT U STaK Ll t- " KOB QUEN3TOWN ASD LIVZEPOOU Royal nrH United States Man Steamer. Germanic, Dec. A 9:30am I Germanic. Dec.31,tl :30am 'leatonic, Dec. 10. lpmlAdriatlc, Wed. Jan. 7 J5rltannlc.Dec.l7,9:S03inlSritannlc, Wed. Jan. 14 '.Majestic Dec. H. 1 p mjceltlc, Jan. 1. JTrom v MM Star dock, loot oi Wtit Tectb st. 3econd cabin on taese steamers. Saloon rates. 150 and upward, beeond cabin. S3J and upward, according; to steamer and location or berth. .Ex cursion tickets on favorable terms. Steeiapc . White btar drafts payable on demand In all the principal banks throughout Great llrltaln. Ap- Slyto JCH.N J. Alct'OUAllCK, (39 and 401 Smith eld st.. MUsburr. or J.UKUCE 1SMA, Gen eral Axent. 41 .Broadway. New Yore JeS3-D CUNARD LINE-NEW YORK AND LIV ERPOOL. VIA QUEENSTOWN-Frora jf ler u rt ortn riven Jfast express mail sen-ice. Servia, Nov. 1.8am Etrnria. Nov. 8. 2 d m Umbria. Nnr. 22. 2 d m Seria, Nov. 27. 7 a ra Gallia. Dec. 3. 9:30 a m Anranla, Nov. 15, 7 a m isotnnia, J ov. w. lu a in r.trnrla, Dec. 6, noon Cabin nassaze SCO and immnl n. cnrdinr to location; intermediate. 835 Steerace tickets to and from all parts ol Earope at very low rates. For freight and passage apply to the company office. 4 Bowling Green, New YorK. Vernon H. Brown 4 Co. J. J. JIcCORJIICK. 639 and 40l Smithfield street. Pittsbars. oc27-d AMERICAN LINE, Sailing every Wednesday from Philadelphia ana Liverpool. Passenger accommodations for all classes unsurpassed. Tickets sold to and from Great Britain and Ireland, Norway. Swe den, Denmark, eta PKTER WRIGHT 4 SONS, General agents. 305 Wahrat st, Philadelphia. Full Information, can be had of J. J. McCOR MICK, Fourth avensa and Smithfield street. LOUIS M0E3ER, 618 Smithfield street. tnWj-U-TTS piHARLESTON, a C, THE SOUTH AND J Southwest, Jacksonville, Fla and all Florida points, tbe Clyde Steamship Company, from pier 29 East River, New York, Mondays, Wednesday and Fridays at 3 r. ar. Passenger accommodations and cuisine unmrpi3'il. WM. P. CLYDE & CO Gen. Agents. 5 Bowllntr Green, N. Y, T. G. EGER. 3L Agt, G. a Frc Line. S47 Broadway, N. YV J. J. MCCORMICK. Ticket Agent, ' . 28 Smithfield st. Pitnhnr?. Pa- . S X nSIIPrDO xnpp- as V DID V x i eoFTEiairj flCOTLKD. BOM (and Tai-nUh at the same time. acMTOj AiSiMh.,. , .'ia'Akte... j3&&Si&ti&ti2L l$!s&&&tii&2zsi ;$&. whrTwrHywTWMrvmrTrnn fswwwsm
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers