ivtm mwfrjm -? 71j THE WOW RICH, King Solomon, Who Owned the Crack Mines, Had More Money Thau Anybody Since His Time. THREE BILLIOKS A TEAR INCOME. Alexaider the Great Managed to Pocket Kearly ill the Cash Bis Xeighoon Conld Scrape Up. A WOMAN'S GIFT OP BUTT MILLIONS. Gssir Eidn't ILri a Little Delt tad LccuUu Ate Tea-Thotsixd-DoUu litiU. !Writtex roa thx DisrATCH.l XCE more the won derful mines of Sol omon bare been dis covered tbia time by the British South Africa Company,an account of which j appeared in The DISPATCH Of Ml- vember 9. They have been located in Mashonaland by the nonderful ruins of prehistoric structures found there. "Whether or not these are the mines in question Trill be the prime theme ot discussion I J J ik Solomon. for some time to oome. Although frequently discoursed upon previously, the circulation some years ago of H. Rider Hazard's unique work of fic tion on the subject, gave an unprecedented impetus to the investigations, and now we may confidently loot forward to a renewal of the same. "Whether or not these mines have ever had an existence in fact has not as yet been sat isfactorily determined, but certain it is that Solomon, the wise but much married King, succeeded be 'ore his death, 975 B. C, in se- curing, somehow or other, and storing away enough treasure to give hini an unquestioned right to be considered the wealthiest man the world has ever Known. MCHEST OF ALI. AGES. As much as possible may be said and exaggerated, too about the riches of the Bothschilds, Yanderbilts, Astors, Goulds, and the rest, but ail sink into insignificance when compared to Solomon's pile. "When King David dip- he made his son the trus tee of a lund am-unting to 54,165,000,000, to be expended in the building ot the tem ple. There is no doubt that Solomon knew his business, and if there were any unpaid salaries when the temple was finished, Solo mon's was not on the list, as we have evi dence that his fortune at the outset aggre gated nearly ?8,000,000,000, and he went right along adding to it. Admitting that he had the wondrous mines of Ophir and Tarshish to draw upon, he had also the entire commerce of the Red Sea in his hands. He controlled the lumber interests of Lebanon, besides dealing in almost every kind ot trade known to the world. The best authorities of ancient and modern times agree that for several years his annu.il income amounted to atleast J3.O00.000.000. Oh, what a platform lor the Socialists of thit day to wort upon! But, nevertheless Solomon was a good man. He managed to dispense considerable of his fortune in improving his kingdom, which is more than can be said ol many of the great moneyed men of the present day. LEFT CKCESCS BEHIND. "Whenever the subject of great riches is brought up, CrceMis, King of Lydia, is the first individual thought of, generally, as most people have a mistaken idea that he was the richest man thit ever lived. Crce'us was rich, but he was not "in it" with Solomon. Besides, he was a bad man and robbed everybody. The great authority, Kennel, puts his wealth downat $2,000,000, 000. which is probably not too high a'n estimate considering that he m ide presents which Herodotus valued at $15,000,000, to the Delphian Temple. Croesus was also a Ca dmat Jtlaiarin. treat glutton and dated on beans, the regular bona fide article canonized in later days bv the Bostonese. Another verv rich man and robber was the Grecian, Alexander the Great He brought back as his share of the spoils from one expedition about 800,000,000. He had a little pocket money belore that and with what he accumulated afterward by sand bagging his neighbors, he maybe said to have considerable money. The sum of $1,500 a year is considered a fair income nowadays. Dareios Hystaspes, a Persian king, was compelled to add six additional cyphers to that figure to enaMe lnm to live in comfort for 12 months. He flourished about 4S0, B. C, and the lame of his income is about the only thins of interest he has left to u. EICH BUT HOMELY. Semiramis, orBablon, was a woman and as homely as she well could be from all ac counts, but she had money, and, as the hu man race as a rule does not ask those posses sing that advantage to pose as models of either physical or mental superiority, we may put Semiramis down as being a really excellent person. "What the exact extent of her fortune was is not known, but, as Dio dorus tells us of some statues that she erected in the Temple of Belus, which mod ern authorities have valued at $60,000,000, Semiramis must have had some monev. Ptolemy Philadelphus was an Egyptian King who is said to have been healthv, wealthy and fat. He lived to a good age; weighed 450 pounds, and had a little matter of $1,385,000,000 in his inside pocket. He would doubtless have had more if such a thing were possible, as he was an out and out miser; in fact, he had such an inordinate love for money that he actually married his grandmother to keep the wealth in the family. As the Romans were newly always ifsrr 4A V'Mr Kfc.S& X. . "M& 'i,WJ ,v U K Wo Ptolemy Philad'lphu. From a Coin of His Time. X, with somebody, and generally to their ad vantage, it might be conjectured that some ofjthe citizens of the great empire succeeded inaccumulating fortunes of extraordinary magnitude. Licinius Crassus was one of "these. He had a TKEMENDOUS LOT OF MONET. Hollo asserts that he had more than $350, 000,000 invested in real estate alone, while his personal property amounted to at least four times as much. Crassus was a liberal fellow, and was in the habit of giving grand suppers, to which the entire populace of Rome was invited. Several of the Roman "Emperors succeeded in scraping consider able "boodle" together. Julius Ccesar had an enormous fortune before he ascended the Head of the Medici Souse. throne, and, it is said, was in debt to the ex tent of $15,000,000 when he started on his famous Spanish campaign. Julius must have had either plenty of money or great credit if he was permitted to get that deep. Probably the richest of all the Roman monarchs was Augustus. He was the luckv heir to about $181,458,000 to begin with, and he took good care to add to it while ruler of the empire. Augustus was also one of the greatest spendthrifts that ever occupied the Roman throne, and that is saying a great deal. His baths cost more than $10,000,000 alone. LTJCUXLUS, THE GOOD LITER. Lucullus was another Roman who had money, and it is also absolutely certain, be sides, that no monarch of any age excelled him in the manner of living. He was not without good qualities, too. A student in every sense of the word, his library con tained some of the most rare and valuable manuscripts in the world. To give the scholars of every country the advantage of these he threw his library doors wide open, ana extended a general invitation to indi viduals of that class everywhere, which it is hardly necessary to say was eagerly accepted. But Lucullus' reputation comes down to us nlong with the odor of good meals as much as anything else. It is said that no dinner was ever set be ore luni that costless than $10,000. A celebrated .French author ity estimates Lucullus' fortune at about 2,500,000,000 francs, aud it must have been all oj that Coming down to more recent time there was a Frenchman named Jacques Ccaur, the "Master of the Mediterranean," as he was called, who had a big pile of the need ful. He was, also, extraordinary to relate, as good and charitable as he was rich, and gained the love ot his countrymen by his kindness to them. JOAX OF ARC'S CHAMPIOW. He it was who raised and equipped at his own expense the army that followed the lortunes of the famous Joan of Arc Cceur lived iu the greatest magnificence. He spent more than 9,000,000 livres on the decoration of his mansion at Bruges. "Every suit of apartments bad its court and each court had its fountain. When the Duke of Villars occupied the house afterward he sold the lead pipes alone that had furnished the fountains with water for 500,000 francs. Dcring the Middle Ages two brothers mo nopolized the shipping trade oi tne Mediter- Jacob Von Fugger. ranean, besides conducting a banking, or rather pawnbroking business, which, in time, yielded them many millions every year. These were the famous brothers Me dici Lorenzo and Cosmo the founders ot the great family of that came. "Within a century after they had started their accu mulation of riches this familv controlled a fortune of at least $300,000,000'. It was not long afterward when the cele brated "Fugger family, of Antwerp, arose; without doubt one ot the richest lamilies the world has ever known. "When Charics V. became King they were worth $350,000, 000. They had the reputation of being a very generous people, and, as an instance ot the magnificence in which they lived, it may be said that when King Charles vis ited them on one occasion the rooms of their mansion were heated with fires of cinnamon lighted by the bonds oi the King's indebt edness to the 'family. MISS MACKAT'8 HUSBAND. The Colonnas family, a member of which recently married Miss Mackay'daughter of our California millionaire, has oeen rich for more than five centuries, and at present owns over 150 of the best estates in Italy. One of the relatives, the famous Cardinal Mazarin, has always been looked upon as a sort of modern Crcesus. His wealth was created mainly through his friendship with the family of Louis XIII. "When he died he left 500",O00,00O livres behind him. Cotemporaneous with and probably richer than the Colonnas were the Chighis, who were in their glory about 200 years ago. One of the family was in the habit of giv ing gorgeous banquets, at which everything was served on plates of Etruscan gold, which were thrown into the Tiber at tbe conclusion of the feast. It is not stated whether or no the guests betook themselves to the water when they dispersed, but, cer tain it is, that the Italian Government tried to recover some of the treasure some years since with what success is not known. DRANK A $100,000 PEABL. Among the other notably rich persons of the world were tbe Hopes, of Amsterdam, the founder of which was a Scotchman, who had secured the assistance of tbe Dutch bankers for Catherine IX of Russia. Thomas Gresham, an Englishman ot the time of Queen Elizabeth, distinguished himself by drinking a $100,000 pearl dissolved in vise gar. Further than this, Thomas is little known to fame. The Goldschmid brothers of England controlled one of the wealthiest banking houses that country has ever known. They flourished iu tbe latter half of the last century and were known to have discounted over $25,000,000 in a single day. Among tbe rich men of the present day perhaps tbe least known or heard of in this country are the two Noble brothers, who are located in Russia. A London Times corre spondent several years since estimated their wealth at something like $400,000,000. As the others of our times, such as the Vander bilts, Rothschilds, Astors, Dukes of West minster, Bucleuch, Devonshire and Nor folk, have so often been tue-theme of news paper talk it is as well to let them rest for the present at least, "W. G. KAUTMAirir. Albums, in all the litest designs and coloring, from $1 CO up to 15, at Jacob J. Fuchs', 1710 Carson street, S. S. Railings, counters and shelving. Hatjgh & Keenajt, 33 "Water it in ' f v HEALTHY COSMETICS. A Kevival Based on the Fact That Good Blood Means Beauty. M0DEEN COMMON SENSE METHODS. Curing an Oily Face and Baking the Shoulders Like Marble. EBBPIK6 HAIR FROM PALLI50 0DT rWKITTIN TOR TIES DISPJLTCH.1 "Will benzoin at once remove the oily look from the skin?" asks a Kentucky cor respondent. It is so nice to be asked something new in the way orquestions that this takes the place of a text lor this week. You shall have liberal advice from one of the cleverest of French artists versed in the science of magut'ttcio-e that is, making up the face and complexion. Imagine your self in the cabinet of an excellent establish ment which carries only a modest sign of bairdressing at the street level, but where all the arts that pertain to the bienetre of women are carried out in a finished manner, as its habitnes know. To settle one's self in the clean, little bright room, well aired and scrupulously kept, with ruffled linen of immaculate freshness thrown about one's shoulders, one's own brush and comb, sponge, etc., taken from their box, with deft fi ugers hov ering skillfully about one's locks, while a trained voice discourses Knowingly concern ing details of the toilet, is a holiday in an hour. It rests one more than some holi days. ONLY TARNISHES THE FACE. The question of the benzoin is put to M. Felix, who jays "no," with fine scorn. "What do women with oily skins want benzoin for? Benzoin only makes a varnish on the face, being itself neither more nor less than a resin dissolved in alcohol, very suitable to the fine, dull cheek of a Pro vencal or a Circassian, when she wants something to contract the relaxed tissue. Women need to study the nature ot their complexions before they try to improve them. Such and such a thing is said to be good for the complexion, and all the women rush to its use, pale skins and rosy 'ones, brunette, dry withered laces and coarse ones, perspiring oil tt every pore, and then they say to me. 'Ob. such a thing is no good.Vl tried it and it wasn't the least particle ofJ good. " M. Felix is a bit of a mimic, and be is funny with his English at times. "Cos metics are as various as medicines, and one should know how to use them with precis ion. There are the cold creams, the po mades, the pastes, the cremes, the astrin gents, tbe alcoolats and the powders all good in their places, but one wants to know what the place is. Oily, fat skins must have the astringents, the acids, the spiritu ous lotions; never the cold creams nor fatty matters like lanoline or wool fat, or the po mades ana oily pastes. THE TREATMENT FOR DRY SKINS. "Dry skins, on the contrary, find the po mades, the oils and creams essential, and the same preparation will never answer for both. If the lady wishes to take off the oily look she should wash her face with eau de cologne, sponging with a teaspoonful five or six times a aay, brushing nose, brow and chin especially, where tbe oil glands are the largest. Very likely it will after a time bring on unc peau farineuse what do you call it? a mealy skin. Then she wants to wash it with benzoin water a few times to bind the surface, and only apply cologne when it is necessary. Always, madam, wash the tace with a sponge," says M. Felix,impressively. "It stretches and pulls the skin less than a clotb, and it wrinkles less. All these little things count in the suit against time." To obtain the luster of polished marble which one admires on the shoulders of cer tain women at balls, our adviser tells us not to use powder, as that is sure to show on the black of dress coats, but to rub the skin with clear cologne water just before going out. The cologne must be of first quality, however, be it said; not necessarily true Jean Maria Farina, but made with cologne spirit, and the essences well blended bv months of age. This spirit contracts the pores of the skin. With the skin freshened, moist and perspiring by the bath, the cologne enters the pores, blends with the oil and waxv imperceptible moisture, and makes a fine polish, on the principle of the wax and turpentine mixture applied to lurniture. ONLY FOR THE PLUMP. Look you, a sallow, dried skin will not take this adorable polish, bathe and massage as you will. The only amelioration it takes is powder or the cosmetic dressing of cerate and something else which will not rub off inside of 12 hours. But how sad to seethe yellow face look back at one daily from the mirror after really washing one's face. Women as a sex have cause to bless the cosmetic revival evident in the last two or three years, as it has led to a thorough hy gienic system of treatment. The methods of the modern cosmetic artist excel the routine of the best water cures in attention to baths, diet, rest, fresh air and exercise. It ismnch more agreeable to take delicious warm baths, electricity and massage, with fragrant oils and lotions, than to swallow medicine, take cold plunges or half cold spongings iu dismal, dripping, dark bath closets, or wrestle with health lifts and Indian clubs. A pinch of sugary powder aromatic, with teaberry and fresh, indescribable scents, cor rects faults of digestion and turns the breath to balm and quiets the nerves withal. Ton treat yourself well and consequently feel like treating every one else so. The nasty, ill disposition of most well-to-do people can only be accounted for by inherent depravity or a bad state of the alimentary canal. WATER, COLD OR HOT? About tbe cold water or the hot, as was asked me last week, every lady must decide for herself. For young ladies, I should say the cold water, unless they are very delicate, when the cold water will give them red noses and hands from the reaction. I should never advise anyone with red hands or a red nose to use cold water. Always in such a case use it hot as can be borne, and lave the nose and soak tbe hands five or six minutes, keeping the water hot all the while. I think ladies should have a kettle of hot water for their toilet at all times one of those pretty bronze kettles to boil over the gas or a lamp. For women who do not call themselves young, warm or hot water is indispensable to cleanse the skin, to stimulate it and keep off wrinkles. If they like, they may dash tepid water over It after the hot batli, then the warm, dry towel, always the warm towel, madam. Women wash their faces in such a hurry, with water and soap, anyhow, and wipe on a damp, soiled towel, that roughens the skin. Only a beauty in her first prime can endure it, when one endures anything. REMEDY FOR COLD FEET. A S. desires a remedy for cold feet, which all agree are not only'a discomfort but in jure the complexion sadly. She "suffers irom them horribly, heavy shoes and cash mere hose notwithstanding." It is a sign of lowered vitality and bad digestion from ovcrfine food and sedentary life, probably. The remedies are hot footbaths taken in a vessel which will immerse the legs to the knee. Families use the large peppermint cans kept by druggists or large butter fir kins for these footbaths when it ia not con venient to have a tub for the purpose. The water should be hot as comfortable at first and be kept hot by adding a little boil ing water every three minutes. Soak the feet ten minutes, then dry on a warm Turk ish towel and put on clean warm dry stock ings thick enough to retain the warmth. Boys' bioycle stockings are not too thick. A cork soled shoe, not a thick one, may finish the equipment, though a soft, fur-lined kid boot ii the wuawt thing k&ova. The point U UJ THE PITTSBURG- DISPATCH. SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 23, kee :d the feet warm nt all h.itards until the hea ll. .... !. .. 1 1.A Y. A La .f.nlil rf nu tuu uo set ngui. xroa i ue n aking them tender. They are tender al- m ready rcauyor sensitive to noia, ana bkcbi". hardening them lead to danger of cerebral attacks. "WOMEN PAST MIDDLE AGES. Women between 115 and 50 often suffer with this disturbance of circulation, and they must keep warm if they live like Russians to do so. At night sleep 'in warm socks, with hot soapstones at the back and the feet. Sit with the feet on the register or a hot footwarmer. Electric baths and coarse diet, with outdoor exercise, will correct the faults of circulation. The thick stockings of waste silk, just introduced, would doubt less be of great comfoit. S. "wants to know what will keep her hair from falling out. It was once very thick and nice, but has been falling out for years, and continues to do eo. She can give no reason for it, as she is well as far as she knows. Will cutting the hair cause it to proi in again? The cause is probablv not disease so much as sheer neglect ot the hair; its exposure to the dry heat and dust of ordinary houses and want of regular treat ment. If a woman would preserve a fine head of hair she must take the same care of it she would a velvet gown; air it, brush it, keep it from dust and bad air, and wear it tenderly. INDIGESTION AND BALDNESS. Impaired indigestion often has tho effect of making tbe hair fall long before its presence is noticed in other ways. In fact, half the people in the world don't know whether their internal economy is right or wrong till it is almost beyond repair. The first step to restore the hair should be to wash the head gently with the yelk of a fresh egg beaten in a pint of soft water, and well rinsed off with quarts of warm water. Do not snarl the hair in the process, but braid it iu a dozen tight braids and wash the sltin between them care fully, then wipe with a sott towel and dry over a hot stove or register. Do not go out in thewind till the hair is thoroughly dry. There is not only danger of neuralgia but of injuring tbe roots of the hair by sudden chill. AH women whose hair falls will find it best to sleep in caps ot bobbinet or in silk nets. It should always be braided for the night in one or two braids, the ends secured by little elastic bands, and these braids pinned round the bead so that the hair will not rnb between the shoulders and pillow, which wears it out Then daily it may be sponged at the roots with one or other of tbe lotions below. The shops have a sponge with an ivory handle like that of a shaving brush to apply lotions to the scalp. It is called the capilave, costs 25 cents upward and is quite a convenience. NATIONAL HAIR REMEDIES. To remedy falling of the hair each nation has its prescriptions. The American treat ment with vaseline is the only one I can K recommend from experience. The French i - .i i j j . ciiu iu me use oi urauuy ana quinine, a toaspoonful of quinine powder to half a pint oPfcrandy, dilnted to suit the skin, applied night and morning to the roots of the hair. A weak decoction of walnut leaves is another of their favorite washes. The English believe justly inyDr. Erasmus Wilson's lotion of eight ounces of cologne, one ounce tincture oi cantharid'es, with half a drain each of oils of rosemary aud lavender. One ol their old recipes for the 'hair is a small handlul of box leaves infused in a pint of boiling water, with five tablespocnfuls of Jamaica rum added after an hourj The decoction may be strained or left a few days with tbe leaves in. These are standard old recipes against falling of the hair and baldness, highlyrecommended for generations. -I have beeriitold that Nor wegians and other people 'of the north of Europe use fresh sperm oil for the hair, and a prized restorer in this country owes its virtues to the same thing. A Danish recipe highly praised is this: One ounce of salt, three ounoes of sweet oil, an ounce of cayenne pepper, a small glass of spirits of ammonia, put iu a large quart bottle and filled with hot water.- It is well shaken and stands for ten days, when itmustVbe strained through linen and kept for use. A. sponge is wet with the fluid and the roosts of the hair well rubbed with it at night. j)I must think the quantity of ammonia excesV sive. For most women this will be,ar at least anotner pint ot water. Shirley Dare. If any person will compare in the day light one of Dabhs' photographs with any other, thev will at once see the great supe riority of the Dabbs pictures. Gaslight or any artificial light is an advantage to a poor photograph. To a really fine photograph the best light is nature's light. Try the ex periment. Money Saved on All Ton Bay At our store this week. The biggest cloth ing week of the year is Thanksgiving week; a week of quick sale prices at our store. A chance to huy fine overcoats way below the regular figure; $10 for men's fine imported kersey, beaver, chinchilla and cheviot over coats, plain collar or velvet collar. Call to see us. It's money saved. P. C. C. C, Pittsburg Combination Clothing Company, corner Grant and Diamond streets, opposite the Court House. Note This Price. 60 pieces black drap DeEte, double width, always sold at 75e, to go at 50e a vard. Knable & Shuster, 35 Fifth avenue. Stylish Saltings, Overcoat and . trouser material, of the best quality at Anderson's, 700 Smithfield street. Cutting and fitting the very best. Bu OYSTERS t OYSTERS t To Grocers and Dealers In Oysters. The Baltimore Oyster Co., of 523 Liberty street, Pittsburg, are now prepared to fur nish the trade with the finest salt water oysters coming to this market. Controlling one of tbe largest packing houses on the coast, they are enabled to fill all orders with the finest stock at the lowest prices. Savemoney by buying from headquarters, as this is the only house iu Pittsburg who are exolusivaly wholesale dealers and packers. Baltimorf. Oyster Co , 523 Liberty street. Our foreign visitors are appreciating the photographs taken of them by Dabbs. Several of them have sent large orders, and say they are the best they have ever had taken. Sarony, of New York, made nega tives of the same persons. Dabbs is making some beautiful photographs for Christmas presents. Here's a Good Chance, Ladles. Credit, yes credit, on jackets, wraps, dress goods, millinery, jewelry, etc.; no agents, no collectors, no commissions; business transactions confidential. J. Dwyer, room 4, McCance block, up stairs, corner Seventh avenue and Smithfield st. Etching engravings, mirrors, etc., at Jacob J. Fuchs', 1710 Carson street, S. S. Coats and Wraps All marked down in prices for the great sale this week. Knable & Shuster, 35 Fifth avenue, Prompt Delivery. All orderi, whether East End, Allegheny or any part of the city, for creams, ices, sal ads, croquettes, mince pie. etc., etc., deliv ered promptly at time specified. Thsu Kennedy, No. 2 Sixth street. Albums, in all the latest designs and coloring, from $1 60 up to $5, at Jacob J. Fuchs', 1710 Carson street, S. S. Prices almost cut in two on plaid, fancy and plain dress goods this week at Knable & Shuster's, 35 Fifth avenue. 100 PCS. dress goods that were 45 and SO ets., to go this week'at 35 cts., some 88 inches wide. Knable & Shuster, 35 Filth avenue. Fashionable Garments. At a slight advance above cost at Dickson's, the Tailor, 69 Fifth Tue, npiUin. THE SMOKE PROBLEM. Agitation in England on the Scores of Health and Economy. DANGER OP LAKGE HOSPITALS. Electric Propuhion on the London Under ground Railroad. THE TTBIT1NS TELEGRAPH A BUC0B8S irairxnED fob thb cisrJLTCH.i The question of wholesale smoke abate ment is being canvassed with great earnest ness in England. .A leading English jour nal says: "The smoke demon befouls the atmosphere, excludes tbe sun, and shortens our already too short days. This compels us to use largely artificial light, which costs money, whereas natural light costs nothing. It blackens our public statues, our persons, our clothing, and tends to lower generally the standard of cleanliness. Tbe effects of smoke on vegetation are obvious to all. Trees die, flowers will not grow, even our grass degenerates into weeds for obnoxious forms of vegetation can resist unwholesome conditions. People are beginning to awaken to tbe importance of tbe commercial and social aspects of the question. The Hon. Rollo Russell, in a lecture delivered lately in London under the auspices of the National Smoke Abatement Association, showed in a most striking manner the effect of smoke and the resulting fogs on the health of the people of London, and further that, apart altogether from injury to health, the smoke and fogs ot Lonaon cost its inhabitants about 5.000,000, or $23,000,000, per annum for material loss and damnge alone. The Lord Provost of Glasgow, in an address on the subject, urged the necessity of legal en actments lor the compelling of all con sumers of coal to conduct their operations so as to avoid the discharge of smoke into the atmosphere. That this was possible under conditions which are generally sup posed to involve the generation and emission of a large quantity of smoke he showed by quoting a letter from the propri etor ot a large print works, iu which it was stated that, although 50 tons of coal were used in his works daily.no black smoke was made. The writer stated that the apparatus used is what is called the "hopper and shuttle continuous spreading feed," and it was attached to his double-flue boilers. The smote abatement question has been taken up in England by thoroughly competent parties, and there is every reason to believe that in a short time a great improvement will take place in the atmosphere of the English manufacturing centers. This mat ter is ot interest to Americans from tbe fact that already indications are not wanting that the question oi smoke consumptiou is one that will sooner or later have to be se riously considered in this country. Use and Abuse of Hospitals. Sir Morrell Mackenzie says that there is a growing feeling, both within the medical profession and among practical sanitarians and administrators, that general hospitals of large size are open to many objections. In the first place, the crowding together of such a vast number of diseased persons is as much out of place in cities as intramural burial of the dead. In point of fact, it is extremely likely that the germs derived from such accumulation of every form of disease are more dangerous to the commu nity than those which, after several years, may emanate from dead bodies. There is no doubt that patients suffering from differ ent diseases poison the air with their ex halations and, in many cases, exchtnge microbes, till recovery becomes difficult, even for the strongest. ' Another objection to large hospitals is that the relief which they afford may be said to be indiscriminate, and thus a tendency to engender and foster habits of improvidence in tbe poorer classes is created. This objec- on has considerable weight in England, ere it is said that the out-patient depart ment in hospitals, where the patients con- tritWe nothing toward the expense of their treatment, is the greatest pauperizing agenVy at present existing in the country. Dr. jVIackenzie expresses his approval of tho Prussian law, by which all workmen are compelled to insure against sickness. The ampunt of insurance is 1J per cent of the wage? earned. Ol this, one-third is de frayed by the employed, the remaining two thirds beiag deducted by him from the workman'sVages before they are paid. Dr. Mackenzie h strongly of opiniou that a small chargeto out-patients at hospitals, carefully graduated according to the patient's meanli would be productive of great good. Iu he Prussian hospitals pay ment is universal All sorts and conditions of patients are fredjy admitted, and patients are divided into tpree classes, according to the rate of paymen n. entV . KecentPatenti. An inventor has just patented a paper vest. Paper, as is wsjl known, is a non conductor of heat, and tee new waistcoat is said to be an excellent thing to wear when the thermometer is below zero. One of the most singular of recent pajents is a rocking chair washing machine. The rocking chair, which is placed in a tub in jwhich are water, soap and the clothes to be -.washed, has a rack on its rockers provided With a grooved roller. The washtub has protections on its vertical ends, and allows of th'f lull play of the rocker of the chair. The result of this arrangement is that the motherVf the fam ily can rock her child to sleep id ner arms, and at the same time be washing f he family linen. Persons traveling by raiJ.,can now make themselves very comfortably by the use of a patented portable elbotf frame. These can be fixed so as f give the effect of the most cozk arm chair, and the fatigue of a long joprney is thus materially diminished. Thesi elbows can be folded when not in use, anp weigh under three pounds. A new devicei which is adapted either for a bed or a bath ri)om, is a portable shampooning apparatus. This patent applies to a reservoir to hold cither hot or cold water, and fitted with a ppray fixed on an arm projecting from the reser voir. The arm is movable, so that it co be turned down, leaving a mirror, whicyi is fitted on the reservoir, clear for shaf ing purposes, or for general use. This hapdy shampoo is made entirely of metal. The Bpray is easily adjusted by a tap, leavffig both hands free for use, and the reservoi being so constructed that it can be moved any desired height, any force required can De obtaineu. An Accident Case. An "accident case" has been introduced in which is provided in convenient form and ready for use every appliance likely to be required in the event of an accident of al most any nature, and the absence of which often causes permanent injury, and some times fatal results. The case is filled with rolled bandages, dressings, ligatures, ab sorbents, tourniquet, etc., together with a few necessary instruments and a book of instructions lor their use. Similar instruc tions are printed on the outside of the case. The case is recommended for use on all trains, as well as at all stations where a large amount of switching is done, so that iu the event of injuries to train hands, which are constantly occurring, there will be at hand somejeady means of providing tem porary help. Spectroscopy and 'Photography. It seems probable that the great, at least the immediate, future of astronomy lies in the jndiolons uso of spectroscopy and pho tography rather than in the increase of optical power by the construction of large telescopes. Give a small telescope with a plate attached to it time anontrfa. and it will mo u mneh u a big u will ihow tottej 1890. most sensitive eye. As dry plates will re tain their sensitiveness, exposure can be continued for days, shutting off the light when the object has sunk too low in the west, and recommencing it when it shall be high enough in the east again. Electric Propulsion In England. A noteworthy inauguration has just taken place in the establishment of electric pro pulsion on tbe London. City and South Lon don railway. In many respects the English electricians have lagged considerably behind their American cousins in practical elec trical wort, but of their newest installation they have every reason to lie proud. It is the largest undertaking of its kind in the world, and it is believed that it will soon be followed by even more ambitions enterprises in England. The contractors of the line guarantee that :or the first two years the traction expenses shall not exceed 3J pence, or 7 cents per train mile. On the Metro politan Underground Kail way, where steam locomotives are used, the haulage cost is 10 pence, or 20 cents per mile, with a train capacity of 450 passengers. These also require much larger tunnels and have to maintain a permanent wny twice as heavy to accommodate their steam and smoke-emitting locomotives. This estimate is based upon well-known facts. Out ot every 100 units of power developed by the boilers, 75 will be given out in electricity by the dynamos at the generating station; the average loss in the conductor will be, at the outside, another 5 per cent, rising from nothing at the central station to 10 per cent at the extreme end of the line. Leakage, with the admirable system of in sulation employed, will be almost nil. Itis claimed that the motors give an efficiency oi 90 per cent, and since no gear ing is employed, tbe armatures-being placed directly upon the driving axles,there should ho a total estimated efficiency ot 64 percent; if, in practice, tbe efficiency should not reach this high percentage, the accuracy of the estimate would not be materially im paired, as the stationary boilers can be fed by burning coal of a qnality which is not mnch more than half the price of the coal necessary in steam locomotives. It is claimed that this railway has great ad vantages in the way of safety to passengers. In the event of a tram breaking down, the current can be cut off irom the section, and it cannot be run into by the train follow ing. The passengers can get ont and walk to the next station, which in no case ex ceeds a distance of one-third of a mile. Checking Workmen's Time. An improved appliancefor checking work men's time has been patented. This inven tiou is intended to check workmen's time by registering their incoming and outgoing. For this purpose a clock is arranged with a typewheel, having on its periphery types representing hours and parts of hours, the wheel being so set and driven relatively to the hands of the clock that the type pre sented at each particular point corresponds with the time indicated on the dial. Each workman is provided with a ticket which on his arrival he inserts in a slot, and then, moving a handle he presses the ticKet against the type wheel. On releasing the handle he can remove the ticket so marked with the time, and tbe ticket so marked forms a voucher tor tbe wages due. Connected with the handle is an apparatus similar to that U3ed in stamping presses, whereby the types on the wheel are inked. In some cases the movement of the handle may be made to strike a bell so as to give an audible signal that the apparatus has been uied. The handle of tbe apparatus cannot be moved unless a ticket is inserted iu the slot. Australian Caoutchouc. In view of the threatened dearth of India rubber, and the rapid decimation which is going on in tbe available gutta percha trees, the statement that a supply of what may, iu some respects, be an effective substitute (or these useful articles of commerce is plentilul in Australia, is of interest. The Australian caoutchouc is said to have been first ob served in little sand nollows, and resembled patches of dried leather. It was found gen erally in swamps, and the theory of its pro duction was that it had resulted from the overflow of petroleum or rock oil. There is still a wide difference of opinion as to the origin ot the substance. Some scientific au thorities ascribe it to a vegetable origin, and regard it as a gum exuding irom a plant or lichen. Others assign to it a subterranean origin, but the known lacts concerning it are not corroborative of this view. Overhead "Wires and Fires. A very strong objection advanced bv the opponents of overhead wires for cities, is the danger which such wires constitute to firemen in the discharge ot duties. A recent fire In St Louis has bronght this question prnminentlv forward, and complaints have been made by the fire service ot the city that its work is seriously impeded by the overhead wires, and that in the interests of the public they must be put under ground. As most of the electric light wires in the city are newly constrncted and are con cededly in first-class condition, there is a good deal of opposition to the proposed change. By way of compromise, it is pro posed that in future the electric companies cut out all the lights in the vicinity of burning buildings, so that the firemen can carry on their work without the slightest fear of danger. Photographing Criminals. The Photographic Times states that the camera that does the work for the rogues' gallery in Uew York City is concealed. The prisoner hangs his head and refuses to look up when asked to do so, or shuts his eyes and distorts his face. The photographer makes a feint with the camera in sight, takes out the plate and exclaims "Oh, psbawl that is spoiled!" or words to that effect, and walks hurriedly out of the room. The pris oner raises bis bead at once and looks pleas ant. He has outwitted the photographer. Then the concealed camera gets in its fine work, and the rogue is still more sur prised and pleased at being told that he can go. Non-Fusible Ballets. A bullet has jnst been patented, the base of which, as well as the body, is covered by an alloy non-fnsible at any temperature which it is possible to generate in a gun bar rel. The necessity for such a bullet has been caused by the introduction of nitrated or smokeless powders, which generate such intense heat that the base or heel of the bul let is melted, and consequently made ragged. Accuracy of aim is thus much impaired. The tendency of late, in the de sire to secure increased accuracy, has been to diminish the size of the bore, and resort to compressed powders and cased bullets, and the new bullet comes in most opportunely, and enables the latest improvements to be utilized. Tho TVrltlng Telegraph. The writing telegraph, which had at first ut a tardv recognition at the hands of the pmmerciai public, is now being extensively ed. -there is no question as to tne value an invention which secures absolute im munity from error in the transmission of essages and communications from one ce to another. The written communica- n at tne receiving ena oi tne line is a plicate of the message sept, so that the ual writing ot tne senaer is reproduced in message received. . Test of a Rubber Coat. ubber coats are often condemned because the)'' are found damp on the inside after wearing. A little experimenting will show thiJt this occurs as often on dry days at on tret aays. -a. rcunuie test iur a coat is to )gpe it over an empty pail and pour a gal nni of water on the rubber side. In a water- prof' garment uo moisture will appear on the (other side. Note This Price. 50 pieces black Drap DeEte, double width, alwttyi sold at 75c, to go at 50c a vard. aVNABLE X BHU5IBB, BEATING THE KACES. Hott a Clever Telegraph Operator Got Ahead of the Bookies. BESTIKG TELEGRAMS IS ENGLAND. Greasing Overhead Wires to Prevent the lee Accumulations, M0T0EB ADAPTED TO BIG CEASES rraxrABED ros thi nisrjiTCR.l The "professional" gentlemen who are oc cupied both on the racecourse and elsewhere in carrying on the sporting business of "bookmaking" are usually astute and wide awake men, but that they can nevertheless he victims of systematic fraud has just been proved by the facts which have been brought to light in an English criminal trial. A commission agent, who was formerly a telegraph clerk in the service of tbe Govern ment, was convicted of having carried on a series of fraudulent operations by which the professional betting men were deliberately swindled. The plan ado'pted necessitated the aid of a confederate in the central tele graph office, and was carried out in the fol lowing way: Say a race is set for decision at 2 o'clock. Ives, which is the name of the commission agent, wonld hand iu a telegram addressed to "Jackson, High street, Sunderland," at 1:15 o'clock. The address on the telegram was a bogns one, as was also the text, but it enabled the message form, which was timed 15 minutes or so before the advertised time of the race, to reach the hands of the con federate, who was probably engaged at or near what is known as the Sunderland cir cuit. Here it was detained until the result of tbe race was known, then the address and tbe text, which had been lightly written, were erased, and a new and correct address having been substituted, tbe text was altered to a request to back so and so (the actual winner) for so many pounds; the message was then put rapidly into circulation, and delivered to the addressee, a betting man. Ives had the authority of another betting man, named Miller, to use his name. Pratt, the recipient oi the telegram, would, unless suspicions were aroused, imagine the tele gram, from the early time it bore, to be a genuine one from his "client," Miller, and would book the amount to his credit accord ingly. In connection with this case, it is pointed out. as a strange anomaly, that while the Government derives a large revenue from the professional racing men by, through tbe medium of its postal telegraph service, ca tering and canvassing for their suitom through the extension of telegraph commu nications to every conceivable place where racing of any importance is carried on; with another institution, namely, the police, it gloriously upholds the State enactment that betting is illegal. In the newspapers is often read the announcement that 10,000 messages (betting messages beyond question) were dispatched on Derby day from Epsom. or from Doncaster on St. Leger day, and in the next column it isstattrd that the police have made a most successful raid on betting men, and that the magistrates have imposed heavy fines. Electric Cranes. Not the least remarkable of recent appli cations of electricity is the electric crane. During tbe Paris Exposition its capabilities were shown in the ease with which large numbers of passengers, sometimes as many REMEMBER YOUR FRIENDS, With the near approach of the holidays one naturally looks around to see what is offered at the different stores in the way of articles suitable for gifts. We all know how hard it is sometimes to decide what would be most acceptable to our friends. . HANDKERCHIEFS. Really, you can't go amiss in making a present ot a beautiful Handkerchief, be the recipient lady or gentleman. Have you seen our line of HANDKERCHIEFS for the holidays? It is the most pretentious display we have ever shown. But you'll be interested in what it contains : Ladies' Plain White Hemstitched Handkerchiefs, 10c. 12Jc. 18c, 22e, 25c, 3Tc, BOa. Ladies' White Hemstitched Embroidered Handkerchiefs. 12c, 25c. 75c Ladies' White Handkerchiefs, scalloped border and embroidered, 25c to $3. Kewest designs in sheer linen and at old prices. Ladies' White Hemstitched Linen Initial Handkerchiefs, 10c and 12c Ladies' White Linen one-inch Hemstitched Initial Handkerchiefs, six iu a box, at H aud 1 1 50 per box. Children's Handkerchiefs, six in a box, 20c to fl. Handkerchiefs with solid black border, with black embroidery, from 25s to fl 25. Pine Real Lace Handkerchiefs, Embroidered Silk Handkerchiefs, Initial Silk Hani kerchiefs, from 30c to $1 each. 15-inch Silk'Handkerchiefs, embroidered and scalloped, 25c and 30o. 15-inch Solid Colors, 25c and 30c 15-inch Japan Silk, initials, SOo. , 22-inch Japan Silk, initials, 50c. 21-inch Extra Heavy, black and colored, 85o to fl. Hand embroidered and drawn work in most artistic patterns, from 75c to 3 each, Gents' Hemstitched Linen Handkerchiefs, 12c, 18p, 25c, 37c, 50c, 75o. Gents' Colored Border Handkerchiefs, 10c, 12c, 18c, 25c, 38c Gents' Fine Silk Mufflers, 75c, fl, f2 to ft Gents' Pine Black Silk Mufflers, $1 25 to f2 50. Crepe de Chine Buchings, embroidered edges, iu all evening shades, 75o to f3 yard. Pompadour Buchings, frou 50c to fl 50, in plain and fancy colored edges. Crepe de Chine Scarfs, hemstitched and fringed, 50c to $3. Black Lace Ties, Pischus, hand-run aud Spanish, 50c to f 15. Imported novelties in Feather Boas and Collarettes, Chemisettes with lace and ribbon effects that will delight the most fastidious, at f 1 50 to f3. Children's Lace Collars from 25c to f2. Boys' and Ladies' Windsor Ties and Bows. , WINTER GARMENTS. ' Pur Capes, f3, fl, f 5 to $25 each. Astrakhan Capes, $2 50, f3 75, fl 95 to 9 75. Seal Plush Capes, f3 75 to $10 each. 200 styles Misses' aud Small Children's Cloaks, f 1 SO to J 18. . Ladies' Fine Jackets, $3 50 to 21 75. Ladies' Pine Plush Jackets, f7 65 to f35. Ladies Fine Plush Sacques. f 12 to f29 75. Ladies' Fine Fur Trimmed Jackets, f6 75 to $21 73. CpMost of these garments have been reduced below: manufacturers cost. peribawn(S 15- as 120, were transported up and down the long machinery hall. Although this crane weighed 30 tons it was handled with the greatest ease and certainty. The value of such a convenient power for foundries and machine shops, where weights have to be transported from place to place, is now beintf recognized. In a machine shop now in course of erection by the Lake Erie En gineering Company there will be four 30-ton travefing cranes, and two six-ton traveling cranes, all worked by electric motor. The advantage of such a means oi power, which is always and instantlv available, but never in the way, over a necessarily clumsy crane, which has to carry its owu steam engine and boiler, with iti attendant objections of steam, oil, etc., is very apparent. Colored Insulators. A suggestive fact, involving the value and effect of colors for specific uses, is re ported from Belgium. The overhead lines of the telegraph and telephone systems of til at country follow in a great many cases infrequented roads and by-ways where su pervision is, naturally, not very close. Tba destruction of insulators began to be quite serious matter, and as among the various kinds of insulators employed tbe white por celain insulators seemed to have the great est attraction for tbe destructive beings who nsed them as targets lor the exercise of their skill with the bullet or tbe casual stone, experiments were made with porce lain of various colors. A grayish brown was finally decided on, and several hun dred insnlators, colored in this shads by means of a silicate mixed with the enamel on the surface of the porcelain, were ordered, and were set up alternately with white porce lain insulators. The result of a vear's trial showed that ont ol 102 insulators of each kind (white and colored), on aline ot 23 kilometres in length, 25 ordinary insulators were broken, while only 13 of the colored ones had been damaged. It was conse quently decided that wherever a white in sulator was found to have been willfully destroyed, a colored one should be set up in its place, and should this in turn be broken, a metal-protected one would be substituted. Greasing a Trolley "Wire. A somewhat singular outcome of the necessities of certain conditions ofelectrie traction has just made its appearance. In frosty-weather the firm contact between the trolley wheel and the wire of an electria railroad is interfered with seriously by tbe formation of a coat oi ice on the wire, and the weight of the wire is thus so increased as to militate against the safety of the over head work. To overcome this difficulty an apparatus has been designed forgreasing ths wire, and thns preventing the adhesion of any considerable amount oi moisture. A frame is made to support a pan. Inside the receptacle is a wheel or roller for taking up the grease and spreading it on tbe con ductor. This grooved wheel is made of wood or hard rubber, and is covered with thick felt so as to be perlectly adapted to carry up and smear upon the wire the con tents of the pan. Where a semi-liquid snbstance is used for coaling the conductor an endless belt or chain may be passed over tbe wheel for the purpose of carrying the grease. Portable Desk Clamp. A most handy desk clamp is being used for holding incandescent lamps. By its means a lamp rvay be adjusted to any de sired position over the desk, oron tbe walls, and by slipping it on the back of a reading chair the lull light of the lamp is made to fall on the book or paper in hand. Electrical Student's Battery. A small battery has been bronght oat which promises to be very ueful to youn2 electricians. The outfit includes a six candle power lamp, aud a battery lasting a couple of hours on continuous work. ;' CIO TO 614 MABKBT STBBET. H it 1 i
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers