ia'wLi fW'WV 75r!5jwF"Wfj!? w &&&$? gSEE f. 7 wm 10 THE PITTSBURG- DISPATCH, - SUNDAY, OCTOBER 19, 1890. . SRHc diversion by tellinc the story of the Ameri can wit who was afflicted with a stammer. Alter Jay Gould and Hudson had com pleted one of their great locomotion schemes their portraits were displayed in opposite panels of the great hall of the company in celebration of their triumph. "When these were shown to the stammerer, and he was asked if he had anything to suggest, he re plied: '"Yes. p-p-put a p-p-portrait of our b-b-blessed Lord b-between these two gen tlemen." HAS A FETTC- HOBBIES. Mr. Carnegie has also his pet topics. He is great on the subject of the American tariff, a subject which he knows very thor oughly, much better, indeed, than the En glish free traders who tried to controvert his protectionist views. When, by any chance, he was turned onto the tariff question, there was no stepping him. On the international copyright qnestion he was quite as irre pressible, and he looks iorward confidently to the removal of the center of the English publishing trade to the other side of the Atlantic - Mr. Carnegie does not himself shoot, but he provides abundant shooting for his guests, together with keepers, gillies, docs and ponies, and he thoroughly enjoys their success. Nothing in this line has pleased him so much as to find that his young brother-in-law is turning out to be a first rate shot. The onlv sport which he affects is angling. He finds great enjoyment in spending a day on a Highland loch, or be side a Highland brook; but he does not prosecute the sport with much keenness. The truth is that he is much too active mindedto be able to give himself up to so patient and contemplative an occuoation as the "gentle art" of old Isaac. Even in the wilds of Badenoch he cannot escape from the demands of his numerous correspond ents, not to mention other work. DOES LOTS OF 'WORK. "While I was at Clnny he was engaged5in the preparation of the lecture which he has since delivered in Dundee on "Common Misconceptions Regarding Republicanism." "While his guests were enjoying themselves on the moors, he spent several hours every day in his studv, dictating to his secretary. who is at once a stenographer and a type writer. In this way he overtakes a vast amount o' work, almost as much as if he were a prime minister or a secretary of state on a holiday. The claims on his time and his purse sur pass belief. The penalties attaching to the character ot a millionaire, and especially of a philanthropic millionaire, are great. Not a post passes without bringing applications for help from the most unexpected quarters to the most deserving cases. The man who has given 250,000 for the free library in Edinburgh and 550,000 or the free library in Ayr, and who. as a mere incident in a coach ing tour, volunteered to be good tor half of the debt on the tree librarv in Inverness, a matter of a check for 4,500, has no right to be surprised if he is esteemed a Croesus. But he is by no means a rash or an unrea soning benefactor. He one evening pre sided, by request, at a concert at Kingusiio, organized for the purpose of clearing off a debt on a new public hall there. The whole castle party drove to the concert in the his toric mail coach, drawn by four gray horses, with horns blowing and every accessory to rustic state. The hall was crowded. The concert was excellent. 3Ir. Carnegie made an admirable chairman and everything went ofi with eclat. METHOD IN HIS MADNESS. At the close of the meeting the speakers, one after another, made the most pointed and, as it appeared, the most irresistible ap peals to the chairman to wipe out the small debt remaining a paltry 51,000. To every one s surprise, ana the evident disappoint ment of Kincussie, he did not respond to their clal orate piping. "When he was asked the nest morning now be could he so callous, he said that he had given his subscriptisn to the Hall billeting fund two years belore and he did -ot think that the extinction of a paltry debt was a proper object for his benefi cence. It must be said at the same time, that Mr. Carnegie is esteemed very highly in the neighborhood for "his kindness to'the people; and his resolution on this occasion showed only that there is method in his charity. It would be difficult to forget the drive home about midnight on the top of the mail coach, with song and storr and chorus, or the pleasant supper party afterward, crowned, on this occasion only, with whisky punch. Mr. Carnegie is very proud of the fete he held at Cluny on the Fourth ot July to cel ebrate Independence Day. They had 400 persons sitting around tables at tea at one time. The whole Strath was there young and old, H all grades; and the proceedings were most enthusiastic, the shrewd High landers being by no means averse to repub lican doctrines, when presented to them in a hospitable and palatable form. THE DUNDEE ADDRESS. His Dundee address, already referred to, has exposed Mr. Carnegie to a'greal deal of critizism and abuse. His comparisons of the cost of government in this country and in the United States showed a large balance in lavor of the republic The passage that gave most offense was that in which he ex pressed the hope that Qneen Victoria might continue to reign till the British democracy had made up their minds to have a voice in the appointment of her successor. The Brit ish Imperialists regard the utterances as rank treason, and denounce him accordingly in unmeasured terms. Bui Mr. Carnegie treated their tirades with characteristic good humor, and re turned to his Highland fastness rather proud c the storm of vituperation he provoked. No one would be surprised to learn that on his return to Cluny his pipers welcomed him with the stirring strains of "Bonnie Dundee." "W. Scott Dalgleish, Edinburgh Correspondent of the London Times. CAHDY AKD THE TEETH. If the Article is Pure and tho Mouth Clean There's no Danger. New York Herald. 3 That candies have an evil influence can not be denied. Yet if a syrup be made from pure sugar and au extracted tooth be placed in it no destructive progress will be inaugu rated. Candies, however, are not composed of sugar alone. If pure sugar were eaten in a limited quantity by one whose mouth was kept in a hygienic condition I doubt if any injury would result. But it the debris of other lood stuffs have found lodg ment on and between the teeth the sugar is just the ingredient needed to advance Icr mentition, which is one of the steps toward decay. If the candyis a compound, instead of being all sugar, then we must expect fer mentation. A good plan isto eat candy from one shop only. Take a piece and place it in a glass of water. The sugar will dissolve and the presence of otner matter will be disclosed. In this way one may determine where to buy candy. I have found, for example, that what are known as "French or Jordan almonds" vary very much. In a few instances the sugar coating will dis sohe until the almond is left bare, bat in the majority of cases a coating of a sub stance, which I think is flour paste, islound covering the almond. This would readily produce lermentation and cause decay. It must be remembered that in mistica tion the candy is ground Into the grooves in the crowns oi the teeth, and this is exactly where decay commences. These are the vulnerable points. I have heard persons say, "If I eat candy my teeth ache." Such persons should not eat candy. Their teeth are either decayed or else there are cracks in "the enamel which allow the syrup to enter and reach the sensitive dentine, causing an irri tation which is injurious. Enamel may be crocked by excessive hoi or cold foods. He Was There. New York World.: It was her little brother's birthday and that night he bolted right in the parlor. "Say, Bis, what'i become of that donkey yon brought me that moves its head? I can't find it and X want it" "George, George," was her reproving an swer, "is that the way to talk? Don't yon se Mr. Blxby in the room?" . ;.v zae -' - - n A.-ifeft4a f Tim if i rr --fr-fcrisWi- i jfifefflHiTiiTiiii'i -r - -i fe As,ay4aEte--;v'.v jffsiiji& rtiVii' n-'t -4r'-mf&frtTAirM?'$ rVwr iMSt'limfi,-k''- iTwiifii'inh fiisiSiitl1!! mult' THE FIKST- PEOPLES. Inhabitants of This Hemisphere Before ColnmbnfCame. PATHS OP THE MIGRATING RACES And the Monuments and Hieroglyphics They Left Behind, EOOH FOE DEEPER ISTESTIGATION. IWKITTZJC TOB THI srsrATcH.l EVEB A L weeks sinee, in an article treat ing of the so called discover ers of America, in The Dis patch, men tion was made of a prehistoric m igration which is sup posed to have taken place in remote ages. The movement referred to was not that of a Modern Peruvian. few individuals from one place to another in a few days, weeks or months; but that of en tire races flowing in a slow yet steady stream along the course of some remarkable physi cal conformation where progress in the direction desired was not difficult. Although the destination is invariably the southern latitudes, this movement is not always directly southward, nor does it comprehend all the tribes in motion at one and the same time. It might be compared to the movement of a great caterpillar whose front feet are first raised and moved, then the second pair and the third and so on untii those in the extreme rear are reached. In the meantime, perhaps, those in the van have again set themselves in motion and advanced still further. "When this move ment reaches the, middle zones all traces of its advance are gradually lost. The theory of such a migration having oc curred in the prehistoric tribes of America has been accepted by some of the greatest ot archaeologists as the most satis'actory ex planation of the characteristics of the ancient remains found in this country. THE ORIGINAL HOME. When and where did this strange move ment have its origin? One of the first pe culiarities wbich are observed during this investigation, is the absence ot any traces of this movement among the remarkable monu ments of the Upper Mississippi "Valley, while in the lower country the, evidences of it are frequent. This circumstance has caused those authorities who accept the mi gratory theory, to place the original borne from which the movement had its suurce, somewhere in the region of the great lakes and some of the curiously significant tradi tions of the Aztecs seem to bear out this idea. Humboldt, in speaking of the myths of these people, states that the mysterious Astlan from whom the Aztecs are believed to have issued is supposed to have his abode somewhere in the above-named locality. "Waiving the question of its origin, we will endeavor to follow its course, which must in the beginning have followed the main streams ot the Mississippi until it reached the lower section of the country. Here it turned and pursued its way through Louisiana and Texas into Mexico, from whence it gradually lound its way into more sonthern latitudes. THE FLORIDA BRANCH. A small part of this migrating horde, for such it was, seems to have deflected from the main body into Florida, where they eventually attained a higher degree of civil ization tnan that lound in the jNortnern country, but in time they apparently grew restless again and once more took up their line of march in the wake of the preceding tribes to South America. A small portiou of this Florida colony managed to reach Cuba and then crossed the entire length of this and the chain of Carribean Islands un til they reached the Orinoco river on the mainland, where they permanently settled. Again there are indications existing that the slopes of the Rocky Mountain chain formed another route pursued by the North ern tribes on their way southward. Ethnologists believe that the first immi grants to appear in Northern Mexico be longed to the so-called Toltecatl civiliza tion. They locate the position of its occu pation by the two great casas on the Bio Gila at the confluence of the Bio San Pedro, and in Chihuahua by el Zape in Durango and la Quemadain Zacatccas. This first im- fit. ii I .ll,,, "? .: Tomb of the Kings of Peru. misration is generally termed the Nahoa and includes many divisions or branches of the family of that name, and we are led to believe that the Bio Gila and Bio Grande iucluded within their vicinity a population oi considerable density. TWO THOUSAND YEARS AGO. The time of the first appearance of this ancient race in Northern Mexico has not yet been definitely settled, but it is believed to have occurred at a much earlier period than the commencement of our Christian era. It is supposed to have some connection or relationship with the people who bnilt earth mounds in the region or the Missis si ppi, as it is generally admitted to have been the builder ot the stone monuments and re mains of Northern Mexico which present some of the characteristics of the ancient re mains of North America. The curious markings and weather-worn appearance of the Mexican works has civen rise to the be lief that some of them arc at the very least calculation 2,000 years old. The Toltecs are generally thought lb have entered Mexico during the seventh century of our era. This entrance has been made apparently by three distinct routes. The most important lies in the western part of the country and may yet be traced by hiero glyphics from Sinaloa to Nicaragua along the coast of the Pacific Ocean. Peculiari ties in the form of the country diverted the emigrants to locate for short periods at various points until they finally reached A PERMANENT RESIDENCE on the fertile table-lands of Cuernavaca and still later in Puebla and TIaxcalla. The latter was once called Chalchinhapan or Texcalticpac "end of the stone houses." The second route is plainly shown by the monuments of El Zape and La Qnemada, and directly through Chihuahua, Durango Zacatccas, to Jalisco on the shore of Lake Chapala. The traces of the third route lie along the Bio Grande del Norte, They disappear for a short aistance to gradually come into view again further south on Ibe highlands of Anahnao, where they meet those of the tribes who preceded them by the other routes. The Toltec dominion remained until some time in the eleventh century, when famine, pestilence and civil war became so preralent wX. fW mm&ss& 1 ;,.ife Tills,'.! TJ that the greater part of them scattered and took refuge in Southern Guatemala and Nicaragua. Some time thereafter prob ably a century the 'barbarous Chichimecs put in appearance, and took possession of the deserted sites of the Toltectal monarchy. These people had been living in the adja cent country previously, and had lost to some extent their rudeness by their prox imity to the progressive Toltecs. NOBLEST OF THEM ALL. Hardly had the Chichimecs settled in Mexico when the van of another migrating horde, whose language was related to that of the Toltecs, pppeared within the borders. This migration was composed of seven dif ferent tribes who are all reckoned as belong ing to one family, the Nahoatlacas. The seventh and last to appear was the celebrated Aztec race. The Aztecs, the people whose power and splendor became afterward so gieat, first settled at the place called by them Quahuitl-Icacan, but made repeated" journeys subsequently until they eventually-reached the table-land of Ana huac, where they remained until their final subjugation by the Spanish conquerors. In the south of Mexico existed probably the oldest race in America, the Maya tribes of Chiapas, Guatemala and Yucatan. When this tribe appeared iu the country is not known. Their monuments still exist in the districts named, but of their history we know nothing. Our knowledge of the his tory of the ancient people of the isthmus is not so extensive, but when we reach the mainland of South America we are again confronted by traces of prehistoric migra tion, although not so plainly as in Central America. SOUTH AMERICAN, RACES. On the lofty plateaus of Bogota and Tunja and in the valleys of Facho, Tensa, Caqueza and Fusagasu together with the entire districts of Ubate, Chiquinquira, Mona quira and Leyva, existed the great Chib chas, who could number 2,000 inhabitants Aymara Skull From Peru. to the square league. They have left many monuments and temples of a most advanced architecture, but their culture was never so high as that of the Peruvians. On the high lands of Quito we have evidences ot the ex istence 01 another great race, the Caras. They conquered all the separate kingdoms, and were continued as the kingdom of Quito under the dynasty of Schyris of Cara until the latter part of the fifteenth century, when they were in turn conquered by trie powerful Inca, Hayna Capac, and reduced to a province of Peru. Perul Laud of the IncasI The people who have left behind them evidences of the most advanced culture of the prehistoric races of America! Their origin is shrouded in a cloud of myths, although we are able to make out portions of the early history of some of the tribes composing the kingdom. Of these we can identify the Chibchas and the Tungas, while some of the finest temples and mouuments have been recognized as the work of the Aymaras. The migrating peo ple who arrived on the elevated plains of Quito and Cuzco about the beginning of the eleventh century were those who are gener ally called the Inca race. THE LORDS OF THE SUN. The first Inca, or lord of the sun, was called Manco Capac, who founded the city of Cuzco. This Inca race was so powerful and warlike that the Aymaras fled fnrther west during the reign of Sinchi Boca, the second Inca, in order to evade the domina tion of his people. They were compelled to recede still further by the succeeding em perors, Lloque Yupanqui and Mayta Capac, who made war upon them. This subjuga tion of the surrounding tribes continued, and all the native races were driven before the triumphant lords of the sun, until about the commencement of the fi teenth century, when the Chalchaquis, driven to despera tion, effectually opposed the victorious In cas under Capac Yupanqui. Peru has been most probably the limit of this curious migration, as the ruins and re mains further south are much inferior to those in other parts. The carvings and paintings on stone are without any system atic form or signification, although some of their traditions bear some resemblance to those of the Chibcha, Toltecs and other tribes. Again, others do not show any traces ot a present or past cnlture of the slightest degree, and are found to descend lower in grade of intelligence as wejgo southward, until at last they become nearer brute than man. W. G. Kaufmann. UBS. GRANT'S DHEAM. A Vision of New Orleans Seen In a Dream Which "Was Afterward Itcallzed. "My early home was in St Louis," says Mrs. U. S. Grant, in an interview now for the first time made public. "New Orleans was then the great commercial metropolis of the South, and with the voung people of my acquaintance a visit to New Orleans was the great event of a li e time. When one of our circle was so fortunate as to be able to spend a few days there he was the envy of us all. One night I had a dream. In my dream I seemed to be in the city of New Orleans, and die people came out in masses to do me honor. I was invited to dine with all the leading persons of the city, and feted until it seemed that the whole city had turned out The populace brought great rolls of carpet ing and soread it on the walks, and the en thusiasm wis as great ns thnuch a queen was receiving the fealty of her subjects. "But all the time it seemed to me that while all this was in my honor, and I was permitted to receive the honors as it no one else shared them, vet another was present, and his presence was the real occasion of the enthusiastic reception that was tendered us. "I married General Grant, and the for tunes of war placed him where his kindness of heart enabled him to place the South, as they thought, under the most lasting obli gations, and they never seemed to "tire ot expressing their gratitude. Alter the Gen eral retired from the Presidency, asxyou know, we made a tour of the South. When we visited New Orleans my girlhood dream all came true. The entire populace of New Orleans turned out to do us honor. They unrolled great rolls of carpet on the walks as though the flagstones were not good enough lor us to walk on. We were the guests of the leading men, and of the city itself, and were feted by everybody as though everyone was trying to outdo the other. Never did any person receive a greater ovation, and I could not help feel ing that it all came from the generous hearts of the people as a token of their appreci ation of the General's kindness to General Lee and his army." A MOHSTEE CHEESE. It Will Weigh Just Two Tons and bo or Flrst-Class Quality. Buffalo Commercial. At the cheese factory iu East Otto a short time ago there was put in the hoop the big gest cheese ever made in this region, and probably the largest ever made in the United States. It measures 5 feet in diameter and is 39 inches high. Its weight when cured will be 4,000 pounds, and fully 38,000 pounds of milk wis used in its manufacture. The abundant pasturage made the Sep tember milk unusually rich, so this largo oneese is - expected w be or prime quality. About four week will be required to cure it thoroughly. This record' breaker waa made for a grocery house .in Cincinnati, which is about to occupy a large new build ing. It ii wanted at an attraction for the opening. 3$ THE GRAVE AND GAT As Seen From the Front Platform of a New York Street Car. WONDERFUL PANORAMA OF LIFE. Tislona of Wealth and Splendor Folio fred by Eqnallor and Woe. BADINAGE OP SCDBRIIXG CROWDS rCOnEESrONDKNCS or TDK DISPATCH.! New York, October 18. "See London from a knife-board" is what they will tell yon in the English metropolis. And the places high up beside the London 'bus driver are always promptly taken and re tained in all kinds of weather. From that coign of vantage the visitor will get the full est and most comprehensive view of the crowded thoroughfares safe from the perils of the street. See the American metropolis from the front platform. You must stand up, it is trne.and very often yon must stand between a bad cigar and a worse cigarette, but the very people who may share the front plat form with you form a not uninteresting part of the whole study. It was one of Walt Whitman's favorite methods of studying mankind. The leonine poet spent hours every day on the front platform, conversing with drivers and strangers who from neces sity or choice bore him company. For on the front platform all men are equal, statesman, poet, dude, car driver, clerk, servant; and there never is a man so common or ignorant but from whom amusement or instruction is to be gained. FROM PARK TO BATTERY. Take a white car at Central Park via Broadway and Broome street to the Battery, a pleasant a'ternoon, and you can Bee a greater variety of human life and of the evi dences of hnman endeavor, as illustrated in New York, than by any other sintrle trip in the city. For one stretch of 20 minutes yon glide along down Broadway, between the big uptown hotels and theaters, among the fashionable carriages with richly attired orcupants, gay trappings, liveried footmen, rampant and ribboned poodles couchant. The sidewalks are lined with well-dressed promenaders, the brilliant shops are thronged with customers, and the swell cafes, through plate glass and graceful curtains, betray the luxurious life within. You will observe that in this neighborhood, at that time of the day, nobody hurries. It is the regular beat of the Broadway lounger, and from Thirty-third to Twenty-third street (the Strand) the lounger not sauntering is a portion ot pairs and groups along the side walk, enenmbering tbe corners, lolling in front ol th! fashionable hotels, where the man of the latest vest and trousers loves to stand basking in the sun. WEALTH ON WHEELS. As yon pass Delmonico's and tbe St James and tbe Hoffman and the Fifth Ave nue Hotels these swells divide your atten tion with the stream of well-appointed carriages that roll up and down Filth ave nue to and from the wealthy neighborhood of Murray Hill. Yon have made the trip thus far with but few stops, tor the car is not a fashionable one and is chiefly occu pied by business men for the lower city who take this ronte to escape the more crowded Broadway line. Slowly, nowl Here is Twenty-third street and its great retail stores. And here are the police, each of whom seems a circus giant in uniform, piloting the pretty girls through the maze of carriages and cars and hansoms and light delivery wagons, leaving the homelier of the sex and the male pedes trians to follow as best they may. Your driver with the other gehus respects the up raised official fiueer. Across at last you now plunge into University place, a clean and almost deserted thoroughfare, leaving the gay world behind. Here is where your car makes time. The driver sneaks cheerily to his horses and the animals break into a rapid, unbroken trot. A STARTLING TRANSITION. Small, select hotels and boarding-houses, modest shops, churches, schools and a lovely park full ot baby carriages, white-capped nurses and children. It is as if you were all at once transported to a street in staid, old Philadelphia. While you are thinking of it you suddenly trnndle into Wooster street The peaceful vision is dispelled in a twinkling. A narrow, dirty lane, choked with trucks and wagons and lined on either side by small workshops, forbidding tene ments, low groggeries and worse. The trucks are for the most part empty and ranged between the single track and the curb. The rum-mil's are mostly full of the low est class of human cattle. The windows of the begrimed tenements show frowsy women in calico wrappers and curl-papers. The atmosphere reeks with foul odors. An air of stale beer and last night's growlers and filth and neglect and besotted poverty and unconvicted crime stalking at noonday per vades everything. Bloated drnnkards sit on beer kegs and boxes in front of the saloons. Blear-eyed ruffians lounge against the empty trucks. CHORES UP IN A MINUTE. The children of both, ragged, unkempt, bare-headed and mostly bare-footed (though you nill put your overcoat tightly about your throat) are playing in the gutter un der the wagons. The single track leaves just enough room for the latter on either side. In consequence of this limited passage-way, there is no room to pass the moving van which blocks the street until a break on one side or the other admits of pulling nut This attempt lesults in dis aster. For the heavy van catches the wheel of a delivery wagon and turns it over on the track. Two or three other trncks, loaded with iron bars, tinware and hides, respectively, come in from a side street and make the blockade complete. The car driver is a philosopher and calmly leans upon his brake and remarks that it looks as if we might have some more rain. Bnt the busi ness men inside, who came this w-ay to avoid this very thing, chafe visibly and swear with more or less animation. A howl of derision goes up from the rag-tae-and-bob-tail, who gather about to see the fun. The gin mills txudc a lot of young rowdies who begin to yell conflicting instructions to the exasperated teamsters. - A JOT FOR THE LOAFERS. "W'y don't yer pull out!" "Come in, Dutchy, and 'ave a beerl" "Water youse a blockin' up Fifth avenue fur, eh?" "Get down an' lick 'iml" "An Young Vander bilt ou de platform a waitin' to go down to Wall street to cut his coups!" This recog nition ot your good clothes draws universal attention. "Come off and set 'em np, Vanl" shouts a 'steen-year-old who was never washed since bis birth. Fortunately, a grocer's boy accidentally drops a paper batr and two quarts of cran berries rolling hither and thither over the narrow flagging offers a new target for Woosler street witticism. There is a scram ble of street urchins, male and female, and the swamp fruit is quickly translerred from the walk to the little pinchd stomaches but not without much shouting and vicious kicking. By the time it is over the block ade has been raised in some unaccountable way and the car continues down the lane just as an impending challenge between one of the young robbers and the grocer' boy is about to be fought out. A ROLLING BEDLAM; In a few minutes a sharp corner into Broome street and then back yon are on Broadway. Bnt what a widely different Broadway this is from the gay thoroughfare yon leit up townl A double track of can to closely together that yon eonld flip a pebble from car to car as tar ai the eye oan reaehl On either side a myriad of moving trncks and delivery wagons and a sprink ling of cabs and carriages four vast pro cessions. j.ce waits aro oweiy crowded with pec- j pie, and all in n hurry. No lounging here. Tall wholesale stores and office buildings shut out the afternoon snn. No light and airy shoppers here. Women are few, and these are chiefly clerks, typewriters, etc. women of business of the business world. Tbe contrast between this scene and upper Broadway is qnite as great as that between University place and Wooster street "Come now, Johnny! Pnll out pull out!" cries your driver.. It is a delivery wagon driven by a boy. The driver of your car is whistling and calling out now at every few rods. JOLLY WARS OF WORDS. He invents a front name for every driver who interferes with bim and gets a good- many scowis ana oaa words lor nis im pudence. Bnt, dear me, these have no more effect on him than water on a frog's back! "Wake up. Georgel Wake npfYon can get ont there!" George has a heavy track with a big kitchen range on it. There are half a dozen wagons in iront of him, and he doesn't see why he shonld "pnll out" in a hurry. So he hurls a few cuss words back and drives on. The car driver blowi his whistle sharply. "Cornel That won't do, Georgel Pnll out of that!" And George reluctantly complies. Tbe looks fte showers upon that impertur bable young man, however, as the car nar rowly rakes the teamster's seat, are enough to sink a ship. Then comes a similar wordy war with an expressman, whom vour driver irreverently calls Boss Piatt," the name being suggested by the fact that the wagon happens to be ol that particular com pany. After the inquiry as to whether the expressman owns Broadway because he owns the Legislature, the latter sullenly turnsiout, amid the laughter of everybody within hearing, and to the especial delecta tion of the platform crowd. GOOD NATURE EVERYWHERE. This crowd now takes every inch of space and you must tighten that grip on the rail behind you or get shoved off. Everybody is goou-numorea tnis one Drignt son of Erin at the reins leavening the whole lump and every now and then the front platform pas senger is disposed to join in the badinage. There is a marked distinction between the results. The teamsters draw the line at the carman, who has the right of way. At the very first fire from the platform a man is bronght down. It is the driver of a track load ot drvgoods that has just turned out of a side street and is experiencing some difficulty in getting around the corner into Broadway. He is rather well dressed and effeminite-looking for a truck driver, and tbe facetious front platform passenger makes a hit by calling out, "Take care, Charleyl" The effect is electrical, for "Charley" stops at once, and, slipping down from his perch in a twinkling, makes a dive for the car. "Come off of that platform, you loafer, and I'll wipe up Broadway with youl" he yells. A SURPRISED TOURIST. Here is an excellent opportunity to help the Street Commissioner along and do a public service. But tbe man on tbe front platrorm lets the opportunity pass, the car goes ahead and "Charley" goes back to his truck, the hero of a now large and sympa thetic crowd. "Most 'straordinary man, don't you knowl 'Straordinary thingl A fellah wouldn't mind a little chaughing in Lon don, you know everybody "does it, you Know. Most 'straordinary thing I ever saw, don't you know!" "Well, we ain't in London, don't yon know," remarks tbe carman, very seri ously. . The Englishman knows that, and when he sees the broad smile that overspreads tbe face of the crowd, he is probably sorrv he isn't. He gets down at the Astor House still muttering " 'straordinary thing, von know." WORSE AND MORE OF IT. The street here becomes more crowded, the pedestrians more dense and still more hurried. They dive under the horses' heads and swarm over the car platforms in crossing the street. The care are bnnched in one Ions funereal procession, and are mostly empty going your way and lull coming up. When you presently get down and mingle with; the sidewalk crowd yon feel as if yon had just come out of a place of amusement where the performance wasquite satisfactory. And this goes on every day in the year from park to Battery, with an entire change of Dill every trip. The charge, ladies and gen tlemen, is but the small snm of 5 cents. Charles T. Murray. THE REBELLIOUS PATEIAKCH. Ehoren Aschikian Who Is Jnst Now Making Trouble for the Sultan. New York Herald. The Armenian Patriarch of Constanti nople, Khoren Aschikian, within the past tew weeks has become a figure in the eyes of the world by reason of the news of the change iu his attitude toward the Sultan of Turkey. There are two Patriarchs of this church, one in Constantinople and one in Jerusalem. The Patriarch Aschikian nntil lately was repressed by the influence of Turkish offi cers, who are Armenians, and was obliged to act against his convictions and pray and speak in praise of the Sultan. The uprising of the Armenians in ,riot seems to have emancipated their Patriarch from the duress ol Turkish influence, as he has been to the Sultan's palace and demanded for the Ar- metfian populace relief from further Turkish persecution!. Unless this demand shall be granted he threatens not only to resign his ecclesiastical office, but to close all the Armenian churches, which step, it is thought, would be tbe signal for a general uprising of the populace against Turkish domination in Armenia. In the Armenian Church the patriarchs are bishops, but there are many other bish ops. .Next to that is the order of monks, one division of whom are unmarried and se cluded from the people and especially de voted to lives of prayer, although they occa sionally preach. Besides these orders there is a class of married clergymen who live among the people, act as elders in the churches, and conduct the daily services and the con'essional at stated times. Tbe Armenians hold to the inspiration of the Old and New Testaments, bnt give more reverence to the four Gospels, always rising when tbey are read, but listening to the other Scriptures while seated. They claim not only that theirs is the old est of peoples occupying the probable site of the Garden of Eden and the spot where the Ark landed, bnt that their religion is the nearest in spirit and form to that of the earliest Christians. Fatty As Bait "What do I nse for bait? Why, putty!" says an old Maine smelter, down on the coast "Smelts will bite qnlcker at putty nor anything else in the world, Tbey seem to like'the He in ft" At the Band Concert. Boiton Hsrald. X "Just see that trombone player. His face ii red ai a beet from blowing hard." "Yes: 'he certainly oncrhl to know what meant by strains of music." r Khoren Aschikian. EDEtf OF THE INCAS. Birthplace of the Race 7 hat Once Numbered Ten Millions, AND ERECTED TEMPLES OF GOLD. 1 Sacred Stone Upon Which Their and Evo First Set Foot. Adam EUINS OP PKEDISTOEIC GLORIES rconnxsposDExcE or tue dispatch, l Puno, Peru, September 10. Through the courtesy of the Titicaca Navigation Company, one of the small steamers that ply the lake was placed at our disposal for a wSek's time, that we might visit tbe sacred islands and other objects of interest in and around this world-renowned body of water. The name of the lake is of Quicbua origin, Titi signifying in that language "The Gate of the Mountains," and caca, "high rocks of lead;" so called, probably because at a certain place on the old Inca highway the first glimpse of its dark blue waters may be seen between two enormous rocks. From about this point, a little way below Puno, we set sail one early morning; and after a lew hours run found ourselves an chored iu a little sheltered bay which in dents the high and rocky shore of Titicaca Island. To this largest and most famous of the sacred gronp the Incas traced their divine origin, and to this day it is held in proloundest veneration by their descendants, because tradition claims that Manco-Capac and Mama Dello (his sister, who was also his wife) both children of the Sun, and directly commissioned by that luminary to found a dynasty ou earth, here made their first appearance. MADE THE ISLAND FERTILE. Garcilasso, the most reliable of all the old chroniclers, tells us that beside building temples on me sacred island, the Indians sought to dignify it in every way as being the spot where their Adam and Eve, coming straight from heaven, first planted their feet "They leveled its asperities as far as possible, removing rocks and building terraces. The latter they covered with rich earth brought from afar in order that corn might be cultivated, which otherwise conld not be grown on account of the cold. The yield was small but the ears were regarded as eacred, and were distributed 'among the temples and convents of the Empire, one year to one temple or convent, and the next year to another, so that each might have the advantage of a portion of the grain which was bronght, as it were, from heaven. "This was sown in the carden of the Temple of the Son and the Convent of the Virgins; and the yield was again distributed among the people of the various provinces. Some lew grains were scattered among the stores of the publio granaries, as holy things which would preserve from corruption the food of the people; and it was believed that every Indian who had in his storehouse so much as one grain grown on the Sscred Islands could not lack food during his life time." RUINS OF INCA GLORIES. Titicaca Island is only four miles long by six miles wide. There is a little village at one end, where guides may be secured if needed. From the landiue place one scrambles up a very steep ascent to thii hamlet, which in itself contiins nothing of interest; but just behind it is the first ruin where, in the golden days of the Incas, all visitors to the island were obliged to tarry awhile, to go through certain ceremonies of purification, before being per mitted to enter any oi the sacred edifices. The walls of this structure are of limestone, the huge blocks carefully cut and set in tough clay. The upper part of it long since fell away, but the lower portion is still tolerably well preserved. The house was formerly divided into two parts, measuring 35 feet one way and 27 the other, .with a broad platform in front of it. Climbing with some difficulty half a mile farther up the stony acclivity, one comes to "The Palace of the Inca," which is situated on tbe brow of a cliff overlooking the lake, with a terraced hill behind it Its walls are very much broken, but enough remains to show the style of architecture, the forms of the windows and doorvays and the gen eral plan of the whole. THE SACRED BATHTUB. Close behind this royal palace lies what is known as "The Bath of the Inca," a basin of solid stone, measuring on its surface 25x 45 leet, with a depth of nearly 6 feet. The smooth walls around this generous tank are over-grown with vines and weeds, and at one end three little streams of water, each about 2 inches in diameter, still trickle into it Though frequently searched lor, the source of these streams cannot be found. Coming through unknown subterranean channels, they flow away, after more than three centuries and a half of disuse, exactly as they must have done for the convenience of the Indian Emperors. Immediately beyond the tank rises the terraced hill which served as one of the sacred gardens. It was evidently con structed with great labor and expense, the walls beinc made of cut stone, as regul.irly laid out as if by tbe most expert modern engineers. Most interesting of all is the Sacred Bock, upon which Manco-Capac and his consort are said to have first placed their feet when descended to earth. There is little to be seen at the rock except a hich wall built around a natural dome of red sand stone. PLATED WITH COLD. For many years none but the highest priests werifcperniitied to come within sight of the rock, which was plated with gold and silver and covered with a veil, the latter being removed only on occasions of the most solemn festivals. The sloping sides of the hill upon which the lump of red sandstone reposes, were terraced from top to bottom and walled off into platforms. These platforms uphold the remains of many small structures which are supposed to nave Deen the residences ot the priests. There was formerly a garden on the ter race where much of the sacred corn was grown, and all the earth for its constiuction is said to have been bronght on the backs ot men a distance of 400 milesl The works of the Incas were no doubt accomplished un der the same system as that of the rulers of ancient Egypt, who built the pyramids by the unpaid labor of the people. As already mentioned, Titicaca Island was expressly consecrated to the sun. Only about six miles distant is Coati Island which was dedicated to the moon 'and the worship of Mama Delia. Between the two sacred islands lies a smaller one, now known as the "Sugar Loaf." A narrow strait, 700 yards long, separates the Sun .Island from a peninsula projecting out from the Peruvian mainland, in front of which lies the "Sugar Loaf," with Coati to the rignt of it TEMPLE TO THE MOON. The latter is abont half as large ns Titicaca Island, and is completely covered with ruins. Besides the great "Temple of the Moon" and "Palace of the "Virgins," are other edifices supposed to have been used for houses of purification and residences of the priestesses and their attendants. The moon temple occupies exactly the center of the island, and a most beautiful structure it must have been, judging by what remains of the walls and terraces, whose original character and extent can be distinctly traced. The lower story is yet standing, and its spacious inner courtyard is utilized by the few Indians who inhabit the island as an inciosure for their flocks at night Though the whole of Coati is arable land, the island is now used merely as a sheep fold. According to tradition this splendid patio was the corral wherein the Incas, in their daysoi imperial splendor, kept tbe sacred llamas and vicunas. From tbe wool of these the royal garments and the hangings of the temples were made, the work being done by the virgins who were cloistered in tbe near by palace. Prof. Orton affirms that the llama, guanaeo, alpaca and Vienna, which all belong to the same family, were "the fonr sheep of the early Peruvians;" the first clothing the common people, the second the nobles, the third the royal governors, and the fourth the imperial family. FATE OF THE ROYAL CLOTniER. I So the vicuna, a timid, gentle, gazelle like creature, whose long, silky, fawn-colored hair changes its hues in different lights and has a peculiar gloss resembling that on "changeable silks," furnished the royal ermine.of the Inca kings, and none below nobles of a certain rank were permitted to wear it The animal was protected by law, as well as by sacred traditions, and allowed to roam unharmed in the hills and forests, where it accumulated in great numbers. The Spanish invaders first began to slaugh ter it for -food, and it is said that the con quered Indians expected some dreadfnl penalty to be visited on the invaders for de stroying and eating the sacred beast, but lost faith in the old traditions when the slayers escaped divine retribution. If you want to know all about the "Pal ace of the Virgins" read Prof. Sqnier's "Peru", which describes it far better than I could hope to do. It was bnilt in two parts, around two shrines, dedicated res pectively to tbe sun and the moon. This remarkable edifice is still well preserved and is one of the most beautiful specimens of aboriginal architecture extant FOUNDING OF CUZCO. Starting from the sacred rock on Titicaca Island, the children of the sun proceeded on their beneficent errand, to unite under one government all the tribes that occupied the country and to instruct them in a new re ligion. Manco-Capac carried a golden staff, which his father, be sun, had given to him with instructions that he was to continue his travels until the proper place was reached for founding his capital and seat of government, where as a token the rod would sink into tbe ground. He obeyed the divine behest, traveline night and day along the western border of the lake, through tho broad. level nuna lands that lead up to the valley of Pucura; continuing on to the end of the creat Titicaca basinjind following the river Vilcanote on its course from the little lake, La Bays, to swell the waters of the Amazon. Advanc ing down the valley of that river he finally reached the spot in central Peru where the city of Cuzco now stands when lo ! thn golden stafl" immediately disappeared 1 So there he founded the splendid city of the sun, the capital of tbe Inca empire. RICH IN GOLD. In Cuzco stood the magnificent temple known as Coricancha, the "Place of Gold." History tells us that on its western wall was fastened a colossal representation of the human face, made of pure gold, from which golden rays darted in all directions. In other parts of the building were golden im ages, vessels and figures of all descriptions; so that when tbe sun, whom they adored, shed his golden beams upon the e'difice the whole place was one mass of light and splendor. Underneath the great golden face chairs were ranged, also made ot solid gold, in which were seated the embalmed bodies of the Inca Emperors, as they died in succession. In its outer court were smaller temples one to the moon, one to Venus, one to the rainbow, one to Pleiades, one to thnn- der and lightning all of which were richly decorated with gold and silver. And so Manco-Capac became a priest and ruler in the land. He made laws and taught the people the arts of peace and war; while his wife and sister, Mama Delia, instructed the women livweaving and spinning and the care of their 'children. Tradition goes on to state that after 40 years of life on earth, during which time the heavenly pair did not grow a day older, they returned to the sun and were seen no more. Beginning with Cuzco and the country immediately surrounding it, Capac's de scendants gradually enlarged their territory, until, at the time of the coming of Pizarro and his gang, it embraced 40 degrees of lati tude and included more than 10,000,000 of inhabitants. Since the Spanish conquest, however, the native population has been steadily diminishing and to-day there are hardly more than 10,000,000 of people in tho whole Incadomain. Fannie B. Ward. A CASE OF VmSECTIOlT. The Heart of a Llvlnp Calf Exposed to View for a fall II oar. - Vivisection is allowed under certain re strictions in New York State, says the New York Herald, and that paper gives the fol lowing account of Dr. John Green Curtis' operation on a calf to show his class the physiology of the heart's action: Dr. Curtis was covered from neck to knee by a sown for protection from blood stains, and as he waved his hand to the janitor and bis young assistants be looked not nnlike some ancient high priest awaiting the vic tim of a sacrifice. The calf bad already been strapped to a frame that conformed closely to the shape of its body. This was mounted on wheels to facilitate its easy movement in various directions. The ether was given while the doctor talked, and he was frequently interrupted by a plaintive "bah," or a deep sigh from his victim. He first performed tracheotomy and then resorted to artificial respiration, which was done by applying a piece ot rubber hose from a stationary pair of bellows to the tracheotomy tube inserted into the animal's windpipe, and tbns pump ing in air, the ether sponge being applied to the valve of the bellows, etherizing all the air forced into the animal's lunej. A triangular section of the ribs' and cartilages and breast bone was cut away, and tbe parts directly beneath dissected from it carefully. Beneath was revealed the serous sac containing the heart and the roots of the great arteries. This is known as the pericardium. The Professor deftly slit this open from bottom to top with a pair of scissors, and on opening it the heart, with its appendages, came to view. The motion of the heart as it beat, sending the fluid of life through the system, was thus shown, its right side being rather darker than the left from the venous character of tbe blood passing within, while the brilliantly colored arterial blood gave the leit side its higher color. "Observe," said tne Professor, "that the same action is taking place in both sides of tbe heart at the same time, the two ventricles contract and expand at the same moment and the Ions axis of the organ shortens in systoles and lengthens slightly in diastoles. In systole its circular fibers slightly twist it, while in diastole it untwists again. "The circulation of the blood is best shown by the puncture of Harvey. This is to push a trocar into the ventricles, which, if blood is passing into it, will squirt it out jet after jet in the air." After giving the class a good chance to study the heart's movement beat the prolcssor plunged a hol low needle or trocar about one-eighth of an inch iu diameter into the left ventricls, and jt after jet came jumping out, driven by the pump-like action of the organ, thus showing that blood was being constantly forced onward or kept in circulation by the contraction of the;organ. This completed the vivisection, and to be sure that tbe animal should not suffer any pnin the professor and his assistants now opened the back of tbe animal's neck and severed the medulla oblongata as high as the base of the skull. The heart ceased beating the victim was dead. The animal had lived over an hour with its heart exposed, and so perfect wns thevivisector's skill that tbe heart's ' action did not even seem to weaken in all that time, nor was there the" slightest sign of pain. His Only Good Blair. Texas Cartoon. Mr. Van Dyke Brown I never made a successful bluff but once in my life. Mr. Crimson Late You don't mean it When was that? Mr. Van Dyke Brown That was when I raised my mustache. No one saw it Knows Woman' Nature. HewYorkWeeily.J Old Friend Tour plan ii a most excellent one; but do yon think your wife will agree to it? Married Man Ob, yes. I'll tell her some one else suggested it and I'll call it an idiotioidea. THE H03IE MARKET. Statistics Bearing on Mr. Gladstone's Advice to America TO PRODUCE CORN AND COTTON. Report of a ITouse of Lords Committee on Wages in England AND PIGDEE8 FE01I MASSACHUSETTS IWniTTEf TOR ms DISPATCH. 3 From the discussion of the tariff question, which for ten months has entertained read ers of the North American Review, a few ideas may be grouped in such a way as to elucidate one another and show the mental attitudes of the writers dealing with thU great question. Mr. Gladstone, in the January number, endeavors to prove that onr great folly con sists in producing "dear" iron and cloth (meaning presumably manufactures gener ally), instead of "cheap corn and cotton" (meaning agricnltural products generally). An unimpeachable authority, Mr. Atkin son, states that seven men in our modern agriculture can produce food for. a thou sand. Therefore if the 3,500,000 pro tected workers in these United States were to turn farmer?, as Mr. Gladstone counsels, they would grow "cheap corn and cotton" for 600,000,000 people. Unfort unately Mr. Gladstone omits to fnrnish a diagram with his article, which might maka the genealogy, and a few other things con cerning this bandfnl of people, so clear to us that we might be disposed to act on his counsel. Mr. Gladstone further says that it cannot be protection that has made America rich, as he knows that free trade has made En gland rich. That may be. But now about the Englishman? Some extracts from Arch' speeches might furnish some light THE ENGLISH LABOEER'3 LOT. But here is "another Daniel come to judg ment." Mr. Michael Davitt is dealing with a British, not an American, problem when, in the October number, he says: "The scandalous the almost inhuman conditions under which working men and women are being employed in many indus tries in England has long been the subject of a bitter cry for redress." Then follow quotations from a report made by an investi gating committee of tbe House ot Lords. If the body of the renprt is upto theextracts it would be "mightjHinteresting reading" for Major McKinley just now. Here are some extracts referring to the tailor's trade: "The conditions under which life is car ried on are deplorable in the extreme.")' "People working (on clothing) with tho garments on their backs to seep- '.hem warm." "Three or four gas jets may be flaring in the wretched fireplace, sinks untranped, closets without water sanitary conditions anoininaole. "In a double room, perhaps 9 by 15 feet, a man, his wife, and six children slept, and in the same room ten men were usually em ployed, so that at night 18 people wonld be in that one room." "As regards men's hours, sometimes they work 18, 20, or even 22 bonrs at a stretch." One man "got 5 shilling" (SI 20) per day when at work, and his hours were Irom 8 A. M. till 11 p. M., and employment very irreg ular." Women's wages of course were less than half as much. NOT CONFINED TO LONDON. This state of things is described as largely obtaining in London, Glasgow, Newcastle, Liverpool, Sheffield, Manchester, Leeds, and elsewhere. So much for tailoring. The boot-making business is described as worse. From the clothing trade Mr. Davitt tnrns to nail and chain-makers, describing a rather somber picture. He qnotes the report: "A male ch.iinmaker earned 14 to IS shil lings (& 16 to ?3'40) per week. His work- ing time was 67 hours per week. "A nailmaker said that out ot bis week's work only 8 shillings C penco remained for ' himself after deducting fire and other charges." Two dollars and eight cents per week. "Another case: A hnsbandand wife work together. Their united work brings in 18 shillings (f4 32) to 1 ($4 84) per week 'gross,' when they work, wnich is not every week. But ont of this high wage they pay 2 shillings 3 pence (30 cents) 'or fuel, 5 shillings ($1 20) for cartage, 6 to 9 pence (12 to 18 cents) for underweight and 6 pence (12 cents) for schooling their children. Their charges amount to 7 shillings 3 nence. or 51 74 a week out of their 'income,' leaving them with which to purchase "cheap corn and cotton' the sum of S3 58 to 53 10 ex cept 30 cents a week which is paid for rent; working hours from 7 A. ai. till 9 at night, with two honrs for meals, or 12 hours daily. At such wages it would take more than half a billion people to buy the 'cheap corn and cotton' which 3,500,000 Americans could raise. A CALL FOE REFORM. This parliamentary report concludes: "And we believe that pnblic attention and public judgment can effectually check oper ations in which little regard is'shown to the welfare ot the working people and to the quality of the production, and can also strongly second the zealous and judicious efforts now being made to encourage thrift, -promote temperance, improve dwellings and raise the tone of living." All on $2 SO Der week, gentlemenf Hear Mr. Gladstone again: "Were the domestic relations in which employers onca stood to laborers to be inverted, and were, laborers once to obtain the uncontroled hand" whatever he means by that "then, indeed, while the material condition might be higher, they would be subject to a strain ot moral trial" possibly 52 59 a week "such as they never yet have been called upon to undergo, and such as only the strong restraints of the gospel conld (in my jndgment) enable them successfully to encounter." A MASSACHUSETTS FICTUBE. Look on that picture, and then on this. Mr. George S. Bontwell, in the October Forum, quotes the report of Massachusetts industries which the free traders speak of as in their "decadence" as follows: "From 1875 to 1885 population increased irom 1, 783,085 to 1,942,141; horse powers irom 219, 889 to 365.012J4; machinery from $65,500, 000 to over $100,000,000 in valne; in 1885 there were 23,431 manufacturing establish ments, of which 15,561 were established since the tariff of 1861; and 5,634 iu the years from 18S0 to 1884 inclusive, 667 being metal working. In 1885 raw materials worth $390,000,000 were turned into manu factures exceeding $074,000,000; 17,125 es tablishments paying 5147.415,316 in wages to 419,966 wage earners, or an average of 5351 tier year or 56 75 per week, to men, women and children. There were on de posit in Massachusetts savings banks $332-, 000,000 in 1889. against $45,000,000 in 1860, the gain in '89 being!$17,500,000; the deposi tors being 1,029,000 in number in 1889, against 230,000 in 1SG0 the gain being 46. 000 in 1889." LOTS OF SANE ACCOUNTS. Every other person man, womau or child in the tariff-cursed State of Mas3achnsetta has money in bankl Senator Blorrill, in the North American tor March, ennunciates the lact that the markets of the United States, the best mar kets in the world, belong to the working peo ple of the United States, who have created them by their industry and maintained them and .the institutions which guard thtm, with their blood and treasure. It is to be feared that it will require a great deal of fine writing by what Simon Cameron called "those literary fellows" to convince the American wage-earner that free trade and discomfort are preferable to protection and money in bank, or to per snade him to give up his market, even when assured, as he is, by Mr. Carlisle and Mr. Breckinridge that protection is immoral, unconstitutional and subversive of justice, liberty and oar very freedom and free in. ititntions. Vlfr-i-if -fcagMrf3
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers