pass jrp- SW PfF'TWTW"3 - SSIfyfPfl 1 AND WATER Stories of Birds and Fishes as They Appear in the Elements to Which They are NatiTe. KEW GUINEA BOWER BUILDEKS. Ihe Experiment of Stocking the Inland Lakes "With Toothsome Beauties is a Failure. MOTHER LOYE OF THE 1YOODC0CE A Eock Bi:s LiTCS Fear Horn a Clcse Prisoner la a Big Pickerel's BtCBaca. In an official publication referring to Sew Guinea, a catalogue of the birds discovered in that country is given. Amonest them is a very distinct kind of bower bird, obtained on Mount Knutsford at an elevation of 11,000 feet, and rivalling the Regent bird in beautv. Xotliini: in the history of this re markable race of birds is of greater interest than the specific modifications developed in that stranee instinct whence they derive their popular name. Front its rudimentary indications in Scenopceus, which merely de posits and rearranges a few leaves and twigs on the bared ground, to the elaborate struc ture of Amblyornis inorndia continuous steps of progress in the art of bower-building are recognizable. The bower of the species discovered in 2few Guinea departs widely from the ordi nary plan of a more or less completely roofed gallery or tunnel through which the birds run to ana fro. Around a young tree grow ing on the slope of a bank or ridge a circu lar mass of sticks intermingled with moss, and 43 inches in diameter, is built with per pendicular sides, to a height varying from V inches to 2 feet, the moss being used so copiously that externally it alone is visible. On the upper surface a circular channel, 9 inches in depth, is left between the tree and the outer edge of the pile. The outer edge of the channel is 9 inches in breadth; so also is its inner wall or the raised boss, from the center of which the tree protrudes. All around the tree itself to a considerable height above the platform are fixed short tticks, interlaced at one end, protruding at the other, as though to form a protection against the appioach of an enemy from above. The depressed channel of the upper surface is the playground of the bird, and in it several individuals of both sxes may be seen pursuing each other round and round. The operation of building was watched in several cases, and in each in stance all the materials were selected and conveyed by the mates to the females, who alone are the architects. A Veby Fishy Yarn. "Yes, I was a Lady akd Jelly-Fish The Dublin JExprest states three younj ladies, resident at Sutton, were enjoying a sea bath, when the attention of some gentlemen was attracted by a series of piercing shrieks from the group. One of the ladies appeared to be struggling with a large jelly-fish, - inch the united efforts of the party could not shake ofl. Fortunately, however, a younger lady seized a stick which was on the shore, and, dashing into the water, attacked the creature with it, beating it off and killidg it. Tlie elder lady was severely stung, and remains in a precarious condi tion. The jelly-fish measured nine feet in length of its tentacles. spy during the war, and, if I do say it, I xeckon I was the most successful that went un captured," said a small, inoffensive, com monplace looking man in a Chicago hotel to a P06t reporter. "I was in the Rebel service and so was my brother. When Porter was shelling 2Cew Orleans I wis with his fleet as a spy. And, thanks to a game mv brother and I used to play before tlie war, I was able to send acconnts from the fleet to my brother in Xew Orleans of everything that was going on. "Porter knew from the way in which he -was frequently forestalled that there was a spy in the fleet, and he tried hard to catch him, but he never succeeded. And I kept right along until Xew Orleans surrendered, and my brother was taken prisoner. "How did I send my accounts across?" "By fishes. "You see when Bob and I were boys we were both under 20 when the war broke out we used to tram fishes to carry message! across the river. "We took brook trout they are the most intelligent when they were young, tamed them, and by smearing a fly or piece of meat with asafetida could eaten them whenever we wanted to. Other kinds of flies smeared with a certain kind of oil we gave them, but that made them sick, and alter a while they wouldn't touch any--tbinir but Mies'.wUh the asaietida on. "We taught them that by swimming straight ahead in any direction we turned them, they would find a fine fly at the other end of the tub; then we tried them in a pond and then the river. They swam with the accuracy of a bullet, never deviating a hair's breadth, and iu a thin little tube, fastened to the under part of the fish with two copper -wire rmes, we were able to send messages to one another. "You see one of us would fir a fish, set him in the river carefully pointed to the spot across the river where the other was, and let him go. Oh" he would swim like a flash. I would signal to my brother, and he would drop a line with flavored fly or meat on the end into the water, and in a few moments be woula fee! a bite, and up he would pull our finny messenger. My brother would cut the string in the fish's mouth, read the message, answer it, and jiut the fish back in the water and steer it for me. By that way we had lots or fun. You catch the idea .' Well, when I was -with Porter that's the way I did. He saw me fishing, as did his officers. But they saw- nothing suspicious in that. Would you?" A DCCK nr A. Tree. A South Wey mouth man has displayed in his store a -very curious freak of nature. It is the sec tion of the butt of a tree sawed off, nay two inches thick, and which has the perfect pro file ol a duck. Many who have seen it -were of the opinion that it was painted, and could not be made to believe otherwise until they closely examined it. Planting Fisn a Failtjee "So far as stocking the inland lakes with fish is concerned, the hatching experiment in this State is a flat failure," says H. W. Welcher, ex-Superintendent of the hatcher ies, in the Milwaukee TFtsconsin. Mr. Welcher is a practical fish hatcher, having been connected with Seth Green's establish ment year ago. He came to Wisconsin to latch fish for W. K. Fairbank, at Lake Geneva, and was finally induced to take charge of the State hatcheries. He was State Superintendent for five years. "After 15 years of experimenting," he continued, "and after putting millions of fish in the lakes, not a single specimen can he caught, and not a single specimen ever has been caught. I stocked 640 lakes while 1 was connected with the hatcheries, and many more have been stocked at a great cost, but the fish have never matured. We filled Third and Fourth Lakes at Madison with fish nine inches in length, and I have received hundreds ol letters asking why they are not found. I think the young fish do not mature because there is a lack of -proper lood, and because the tem perature of the water is not whatitshold be. .Brook tront have been a success, but they lave been planted for the most part in pri ' vate streams, -where they cannot be caught by the public. And the Fish Commission ers will say that the German carp has been' a success also. It has, but the carp is a very inferior fish. It does' not flourish in the clear streams of the North, preferring the warm, sluggish rivers and bayous of the South. "But, granting that carp and trout are a success, the original intention has not been carried out. It was to stock the lakes with trout aad whitefisb, and thus furnish food for the millions. The lake trout and white fish will not grow, and the brook trout is mostly out of the reach of the public, so we are getting for the thousands of dollars ex pended a lew of the inferior carp. The State has quite a capital invested and ap propriates 12,000 a vear for defraying the expenses of the hatchery. The sporting clubs are getting almost the sole benefit of the outlay." QtfAiL Hunting With Poles "Did you ever hear of catching partridges with a pole?" said a sun-browned business man to a New York Tribune reporter. "I never, did myself until last summer. A party of us were up above Three Rivers, Canada, surveying a tract of wild land, and one day after a long tramp we came to the top of a mountain where we scared up a whole lot of partridges. They were those little black Canadian fellows, you know smaller than ours and were so tame that a man could almost catch them with his hands. No one of us had thought it worth while to brine along a gun from the camp. Our guide, a 'Canuck,' proved equal to the emergencv, however. " 'Whistle and watch me catch him,' said he to one of the party. He then went and cut a stont pole about 12 feet long, while the other continued to whistle. The birds cocked their heads first on one side and then on the other in a way to make us laugh, but they stood still and 'faced the music,' while the guide stole up unnoticed and was thus enabled to kill three fine ones with his pole before the rest took to flight" Man on the Wing. The giant birds of geology, such as the dinornis, the extinct moa of New Zealand, some of which stood more than ten feet high, were most of them wingless, just as still the great ostrich is a lunning, not a flying bird. The albatrosses and the condors, giants among the winged fjowl of the present day, are only relatively gigantic, says the Edinburgh fieview, since the weights of their bodies are trifling com pared with those of human beings, and their lofty flights, even if matched ny the ascending powers of balloons, are unsuited to the respiratory laculties of man. Helmholtz observed that, though many small birds which are granivorous fly swiftly the great birds that are potent on the wing are nih and flesh eaters, not needing exten sive organs of digestion for their concen trated lood. He thinks it therefore proba ble that in the model of the great Alpine eagle nature has attained the utmost limit that can be attained, with muscles for the working orgins and conditions of nourish ment as favorable as possible for the size of a creature which is to raise itself by wings and maintain itself for any time high in the air. Under these circumstances he concludes that it is scarcely to be considered probable that man, with the most skillfully contrived mechanism, tobe moved by his own muscular power, would ever be able to raise his own weight into the air and sustain it there for nny time worth speaking of. When vessels filled with gas lighter than air are em ployed to supply the lifting power, and yet other vessels are employed with some stored force to take the place of our own muscular resources, the consequential increase of bulk and weight in the complex machine must indeed greatly disconrage human aspirations and longings for the invention of artificial wings. Connecticut Duck Shooting A boat-builder named James Hurlbnt looked out of his kitchen window across the Con necticut river the other morning and saw that a cove across the river was black with ducks. He got into his kip boots hnrriedly and, gun in hand, went on the run. En sconced in the bush there he didn't have to wait long for a shot, for a squad of the birds got up in a moment, and James gave them both barrels of big shot together. He brought down the whole line ot ducks that first quit the water, and then had business enough gathering the spoils. He got seven or eight ducks with the double shot. John Phelps, E. Decker, and Joseph Lane, of Hartford, put in one day of good sport at duck shooting. Tney bagged 20 black ducks, and all of them were tender and plump. The duck shooting in Connect icut this fall promises to be fine enough to suit anybody. Hookino A Muskallonge The doc tor was filling his pipe and quoting Virgil in the same breath, when I felt a tug that electrified every nerve in my body and almost jerked me out of the boat, says a writer on muskallonge fishing in Outing. I can imagine nothing resembling it, unless it were within the possibilites of modern surgery to have an arm extracted in the same instantaneous fashion with rwrhica dentists jerk out a tooth. "Great JeliosaphatI" roared the doctor, as he felt the boat thrill, "what was that?" That very instant a splash was heard be hind the boat, and looking back we saw a magnificent muskallonge, -as long as a 10-year-old child, leap his full length above the water, and then turning in mid air, while every scale of his sinuous form glit tered resplendently for a single glorious sec ond, he made a fierce plunge and dove out of sicht. Suddenly the strain on my line relaxed and for a moment I ielt my heart crawling dp my windpipe. My fish was ofl! But I was auickly recalled to consciousness by John's impatient "Wind up, quickl He's coming," and began to take in the slack in a style that made-my reel fairly spin. Just then I caught a glimpse of a dark shape coming up toward the boat John quietly drew out a revolver and bent over tue side. Nearer and nearer grew the shad owy mass; it reached the top. "Crackl" and with a few convulsive shud ders my big fish lay motionless upon the water, with a bullet hole through his bead. My! but he was 'a monster! Forty-nine inches long, and registered full 40 pounds. The Mothee Love. The woodcock makes a very shabby attempt at nest build ing; a slight depression in the fallen leaves of some shadowy wood or thicket serves as a receptacle for the eggs, generally two in number, says a writer in Outing. The young are at first queer-looking, tottering, helpless things enough, but the mother bird takes rare good care of them. It surprised when the young are helpless she will simu late lameness fairly well in her efforts to draw off the attention of the intruder from her precious charges. At times, too, she will utter a hollow, bleating note totally unlike the cry of any other bird that! know. Surprise her and pretend to be mis led by her feigned lameness for awhile and then conceal yourself, keeping a sharp watch on the spot where the young are cronched, and you may tee a very touching illustration of bird love. She will return cautiously to her little family, and pres ently take wing again, fluttering heavily away to a more secluded nook, and if your eyes are keen you may see one of the young sters held closely between her legs for so she will surely bear them from the place where you discovered them. The Pheasant. The pheasant is an ar tificial production and not a bird or the wilderness, says a writer in Outing. He is an importation, not only into England, but into Europe. Whether he came into En gland through their Boman conquerors, whose aviaries he adorned, or through France, where he has always been widely spread, is matter of little or no moment. Suffice, as the Americans say, he got here all the same, as he would, it carried.getinto and thrive in any country where the tem perature is not too low and where there are, silent woods with a thick undergrowth for shelter, for he is a ready colonizer. After his infantile day his natural food is simple. The acorn, the beech nut, the root of the buttercup or the pilewort crowfoot suffice him; but if these fail he Is quite ready nay; niore than ready to take from the hands of man the fruits of artificial cul tivationthe barleycorn, the buckwheat, the fragrant pea, or even the ubiquitous potato. The difficulty with him as an adult is not to rear him in plenty, but to keep him at home, so that he may be there when he is wanted; for he is a very gregar iotts bird, especially fond of company, a bird of many wives (relic of his" Eastern origin) and much given to wandering abroad to find them. Many are the shifts to which the keeper is put to repress this wandering instinct. Fishing Without Bait. Quite a novel mode of catching fish was invented by a youth in Michigan one day last week. H6 was bathing, when he perceived in the water, a little way beyond him, a fish of un usually large proportions swimming along within a very short distance of the bank, and rapidly apnroachlng him. As he saw the magnificent specimen of the sturgeon speles, the thought of securing it without the nsual implements flashed across his mind, and he determined to make one effort to secure the "monarch of the lakes." As the fish approached the bank on which the boy was standing, the latter prepared to dive, and before the sturgeon was quite op posite the youth gave a leap, a plunge and dived beneath the water. Ere the astonished sturgeon could either escape or recover from the consternation caused by the sudden dis turbance of the waters he was a prisoner in the arms of the youth, who conld with dif ficulty retain his hold of the slippery cus tomer. The struggles of the now desperate stur geon were pertinacious and nearly crowned with victory, though they became almost entirely ineffectual and were finally ren dered completely so by the aid of a compan ion of the boy, who ran to his assistance. Their united efforts soon completed the vic tory over his sturgeonahip and laid him panting on the bank, a triumph of mnscle. After resting awhile from the fatigue caused by the combat under the water they carried the sturgeon home, where it was weighed, turning the scales at just 70 pounds. A Montana Tbout Catch. Thomas Fletcher, the nimrod of the Bitter Boot mountains, returned from Frenchtown, near Missoula, last week with 1,437 brook trout, says the Butte City iliner. These, he says, were all caught in a very peculiar manner. The fish in the stream, he says, were play ing suiter, and the first one, or leader, taking bold of the hook and being drawn . up, the others, in one long string, caught each other's tails and hung on, while Tom walked out across the adjoining flat, drag ging the long line of fish, until the stream had been entirely divested of its finny tribe. This story may sound a little fishy; but it is true, just as Tom told it Vitality op a Bass At Hammonds port, N. Y., the other day, says the New York Sun, Frank Griswold carried home a fish he did not know he had caught. On his string was a two-pound pickerel he had caught at 2 o'clock in the afternoon. At 6 o'clock, while a crowd was admiring his string, he noticed that the pickerel's stom ach was puffed out abnormally. Aftera few minutes' speculation as to what caused the swelling the pickerel was cut open. A rock bass about four inches long was found snugly enveloped in the big fish's stomacb. The membrane that tightly bound the bass was cut away from it, and as John Freidill held it in his hand and the crowd won dered at the voracity of the pickerel in swallowing a fish like that the bass opened its mouth, gasped, and began to move its gill covers. The sudden appearance of life in the bass a'ter having passed at least four hours in the pickerel's stomach scared John Freidill, and, with a yell, he threw the bass on the ground. The con cussion seemed to help the fish along toward resuscitation, for it movedits gills livelier than ever and flopped its tail. It was some time before the crowd recovered from its .surprise sufficiently to remember that this baes might be pushed along toward recovery if it were placed in the water, and it was thrown in the lake. It wasn't long before it felt the influence of its natural element, and began to move about on its side. Grad ually the bass came to itself, and at the end of a quarter of an hour it dove off into deep water and disappeared. Boasting the Quail. The royal game in France ia quail or partridge. The new way to eat the latter is to make a stuffing of the liver, etc., perfectly and smoothly, mixed with fine butter and truffles, previ ously cooked in champagne. You then roast the birds, covering them securely with buttered paper lined with a grape leaf. This is customary in roasting all kinds of game, in fact, and it concentrates the juice. When the partridge is about half cooked, you must take it off very carelully and gently raise the wings and legs with a sharp knife. Between these and the body of the bird introduce a Daste, composed of bread crumbs, chopped onions', pepper, parsley and nutmeg. Stories op Paeeots We can easily believe that some parrots are as good as po licemen. Not long ago two young men sold a parrot to the wife-of a night watchman in New York. A few days afterward they visited the house, with dishonest intention, about 3:30 o'clock in the morning; but the bird shrieked out "Papa! papa!" -until it wokeits mistress and frightened the rob bers away. "Papa" was the watchman who was absent from the house on duty. A Chicago parrot also scared a burglar. He was trying to gain an entrance into the house by the dining room window, when ho was startled by a voice that asked him to "come off the perch." 'Long silence ensued and the burglar began work again. Once more he was ordered in sepulchral tones to "come off the perch." This strange voice at dead of night bidding him cease his evil doing was more than the man could stand, and he hastily left the scene. Cuvier, the great naturalist, was well looked alter by his parrot It kept watch at the study door, and asked every stranger, "What do you want with my master?" After receiving an answer his next piece of advice was, "Don't talk too much!" Jacobin Pigeons Few pigeons can claim greater beauty than can the Jacobin, which is embraced among what are called the standard varieties. The name is derived from the fact that on the back part of the head or neck some of the feathers lie in the opposite direction to the rest on the body, and encompass the head like a monk's hood when he pnts it bafk to uncover his head. This hood is one ot the chief points in the Jacobin, and perfect specimens as to shape and size are very valuable. We have seen birds that could completely hide their heads in the hood, and for evenness of feather were really remarkable, though they owed something to art as well as nature. Another property is the chain of frill, which is a continnation ot the forward growing hood feathers down each side of the neck. The rose is the name given to the clean division of the feathers at the back of the head between the hood and the shoulders; and the mane are the feathers which fall below the hood at either side. The combination of all these points make the Jacobin one of the most artractive pigeons extant. There are several colors, all of which are characterized by great richness of plumage. The chief colors are red, yellow and black, in each of which the head and tail are white. There are also blue, silver and mottled Jacobins, but there are not of the same quality as those first named. Pure whites are often bred, and, when perfect in color and points, are very beautiful indeed. rovers Are lake Politicians. "Is this ink indelible?" "Yes, sir." "Are vousnre?" "Yes, sir." "Then I don't want it Give me soma ink I can use in writing love letters." THE PITTSBURG DISPATCH,'- AN ELECTRO-MAGNET. A Very Familiar Application of the Hysterions Current. HOW IT STORES UP ENERGY So a Great Amount Can be Utilized in an Instant of Time. GAS-LIGHTiSG M ELUCTEICITI rWJUTTEX FOB TUB DIStMTCH.1 Telephones, telegraphs: annunciators, electric bells and a host of other useful things depend for their action UDon the fact that a piece of iron becomes magnetic when an electric current is passed through a coil of insnlated wire surrounding it. Under those circumstances the iron is called an electro-magnet If the core be a piece of stel it will retain its magnetism, even though the electric coils be removed and it is then called a permanent magnet If, however, the iron core is made of soft an nealed iron, it will only be magnetic so long as there is current flowing through the coil, An electro-magnet has two poles; a north and a south, just like a permanent magnet Surrounding every magnet there are what are called, "lines of force." We cannot see these lines of force, nor can we touch them, Weknow of their existence by experiment only, and study them by their effects. If we cover a bar magnet with a piece of glass and theu sift fine iron filings into the glass, the filings will arrange themselves in curved lines reaching from pole to pole. DIEECTION BUT NOT MOVEMENT. These lines form closed circuits, and are supposed to have direction, but no motion or flow like a current. That is, the lines of force are supposed to have an outward di rectiotrfrom the North Pole and thenScurve, through the space surrounding the magnet, to the outh Pole, and, returning again to the North Pole through the body of the magnet, thus close the "magnetic circuit" An electric current is also said to have a direction, and, although we use the expres sion "current," there is no actual flow that we know of. The expression is simply a matter of convenience and is used for lack of something better. Now, if we reverse the direction of the current in an electro-magnet, the poles of the magnet will be reversed, add so, of course, the direction of the lines of force. If, looking directly at the end of an electro magnet, the electrio current has a direction from right to lett around the iron core, that is, in an opposite direction from the bands dta clock, the near pole will be positive and the other negative. If, looking at the pole as before, the direction of the current is from left to right, that is, having the direction of the hands of a clock, the near pole will be the negative pole and the other the positive. In short, with an electro-magnet we can in terchange the poles of the magnet by chang ing the directiou of the electric current, and we can remove its magnetism by removing or turning off the electric current. ELECTBICITY AND MAGNETISM. Magnetism is a form of energy, and elec tricity is a form of energy, and further the two are directly interchangable. In fact, the core of an electro-magnet will store electric energy much as a storage battery does. In a previous article we have ex plained how that energy is a condition of things. That is, it a weight is raised, it represents energy by virtue of its position. The conditio i of things here is the separa tion of two things the earth and a weight that have a strong attraction for each other. However, energy had to be expended in lifting the -weight, and the same energy will be returned by the falling of the weight And so it is with electricity and electro-magnets. If we send a current of eleo tricity through the colls of an electro-magnet, its iron core will be energised, that is, the condition or character ot the iron will be so changed that it will have "lines of force." From the above we might reason ably expect that, if those lines of force should in any way be made to disappear, they would give back their energy to the wire coil. And this is in fact found to be the case, and can be proved in a great many different and very interesting ways. How ever, a few examples must suffice. TRANSFOBMATION OP ENEEGY. Take an ordinary electro-magnet, such as we have described, and over this slip an' other coil, having its ends connected to a galvanometer or other current-indicating instrument If then the current flowing through the electro-magnet coil is suddenly opened, the iron core will lose its magnetic properties and surrender or transfer its en ergy to the second coil, that we have slipped over the magnet, and a momentary current of electricity will be induced in this coil, as will be seen by the current indicat ors or galvanometers, that was placed in the circuit In this case we have transformed electric energy into magnetic energy, and then this magnetic energy back into electricity again. However, this storage and transformation of energy differs from the storage of energy in a wonnd-up spring, for with the spring there is a catch to bold the spring in its strained condition after it is wound up. But with the electro-magnet we have bo catch, and the moment the magnetizing force that is the current is removed or stopped, the magnetism, that is the strained condition of the iron, ceases, the lines of force disappear. However, in ceasing, the magnetism, like the spring, will give up its energy in some other form. .PBOOF BY SENSATION. Another very lorcible way of demonstrat ing this storage of energy in the electro magnet is to open the circuit of such a magnet with the hands, keeping hold of the bare ends of the wire. A very severe shock will be experienced, caused by what is called "the extra current" or "the discharge current" This extra current that is sud denly generated when the circuit of the electro-magnet; is opened, is simply the energy of the magnet suddenly transformed and concentrated into a very intense current, having short duration. With powerful magnets this discharge current is very dan gerous, if not fatal. In the industries the most powerful electro-magnets are found in dynamos, motors and converters and in those machines electro.magnefs of smaller sizes are also used. The magnetizing power of an electro magnet coil is measured by its ampere turns that is the magnetizing power is proportional to the number of turns of wire, multiplied by the units (amperes) .of current flowing. For example, eight amperes with two turns of wire would .give jnst the same magnetizing power as four amperes with four turns, and in each case the magnetizing power would be called 16 ampere-turns. The smaller electro-magnets are found at every hand. It is by their means that we areabletocommnnicate at a distance with the telegraph, telephone, annunciator and other such like instruments. In the electric gas-lighter we have a nractical and interest ing application of the smaller electro magnets, or "induction coils," as they are often called. Here a small electro-magnet is placed in an open circuit The circuit is closed only at the instant of turning on the gas, and it is done in such a'way that the two ends of the circuit are brought just over the burner. The current is furnished by a small battery. Now, when this contact is made and the circuit thus closed, the electro-magnet in the oireuit is at once energized by the flow of current The circuit then being immedi ately opened, the flow of current ceases. That means removal of the energizing power in the magnet, and the magnet' then sur renders its momentarily stored energy to the coil, and a sharp extra current is the re sult This extra current makes a much more intense spark at the joint when the cir cuit is opened, which in this case is in the jet of gas, than the battery alone could have produced. LIKE AWarOINE PLY-WHEEL. So that with a Email induction, coll it is SUNDAY, OCTOBER 12. possible-to make a sufficiently intense spark to light a gas jet, at the same time using-a much smaller ' battery force than would otherwise be necessary. The notion of -an electro magnet in this case is then very much like that of the fly-wheel of a steam engine. If a heavy fly-wheel is Set in rapid motion, it will absorb the power from the engine, that Is the powef of the steam will have been transformed into that of a mov ing mass the rotating fly-wheel. And if the steam power is shut off, the fly-wheel can be made to do the same amount of work that it took to set it in motion. It has thus stored some of the energy of the steam power, but this energy remains stored only so long os the fly-wheel is kept revolving by the engine, for if the steam is shut off, the fly-wheel will Blowly come to rest and its energy will be TBANSFOBMED INTO HEAT, dne to the friction oJJhe journals'and the air. The value ""of this temporary storage of energy lies in the fact that it can overcome any sudden load that might be thrown on the engine. In other words, it is capable of fnrnishing, for a mo ment of time, energy greater than that of the driving engine. Audso it is with an electro-magnet As long as the current is kept circulating through its coils, the magnet is kept ener gized, but the moment that this supply of current that is, power is cut off, the stored energy of the magnet is given up and an iutense spark, due to the discharge at the point where the circuit 13 opened, is the re sult And the extra intensity of this spark over and above what the dynamo or battery could have given alone is due to the stored energy in the electro-magnet or induction coil. Scire Facias. THE ELECTRIC WORLD. A Penny-ln-tho-SIot Device to Fornlsli light for Heading In Pnbllo Places Applications to Fire, Watchmen, War fare and Census Returns Training; Electricians. IWEITTENrOR THE DISrATCH.1 An Important addition to the number of electric devices designed for communicating with more or less distant pojnts in case of fire is a most handy arrangement of bell, thermo stat and battery, which has the advantage of being portable, so that it can readily be moved from one apartment to the other. An ordinary dry battery furnishes the necessary current Sash a battery, besides requiring no attention and lasting a long time, obviates all danger of leakage or spilling of liquid; but any other form of battery will serve the purpose. When the temperature reaches a certain point a vibrating bell is Sounded, and the alarm con tinues as long as the temperature remains high enough to keep the circuit closed. Such a devlco will be appreciated in cases where it is deslrablo to provide means tor giving a local fire alarm In buildings which are not wired or connected to the engine stations of a city, as when a building is used temporarily for stor age or llko purposes, or in buildings outside of the fire department's limits. It will also be used in the manufacture of many articles in volving the application of heat, as, for in stance, in drying rooms, where a regular tem perature must be maintained. Electiucity is now employed for keeping a record of the movements of the watchman in public buildings and hotels, and this it does with relentless certainty. Tbo watchman can report himself by an arrangement connected with a watchman's clock or otherwise, at any specified time, and thus his whereabouts atany particular hour uf the night is made known at the office. An adaptation of this system is also made in hospitals for the purpose of pre venting surreptitious snoozing on the part of nurses. Time indicators are placed in the wards, and once every hour the nurses are re quired to report to the doctor over the electric wire. A somewhat remarkable installation has been made In Franco, which shows how a comparatively insignificant body of water can bo utilized in tho supplying of a whole com munity with electric light This luxury fell last week for the first time to the experience of the little commune of Colliaa (gard) a village of W5 Inhabitants, abont 11 miles from Nlsmes. It seems there is a small stream with a fall of four feet which produces an effective nine horse-power. This waterfall drives a small turbine, which runs a dynamo to supply 100 lamps of 10 or 16 candle-power. The streets are lighted by 25 lamps of 16 candle-power. The turbine runs till 11 o'clock at night, ana during the day it is used to work force pumps, which supply the village with water. An electrical company of Antwerp has dis patched by the last steamer which sailed for the Congo all the material necessary for the in stallation of the first telephone line which is to be placed along the Congo railway. The public is alroady familiar with some forms of Lieutenant Bradley Fiske's range finders, but a new form of this valuable instru ment hasbeen brought out which gives the readings direct on a graduated dial. The prin ciple involved is that of the Wheatstone bridge, and not the least notable point in connection with the adaptation is that the errors due to the variation of the conditions from actual theory are compensated for by the very con struction of the apparatus. The results of the application of the new range finder to tho working of the dynamite gnn are most remark able, and the accuracy of Urine: secured by its aid is marvelous. The full equipment of generators i which tho introduction ot tbo electric light on board ships has necessitated, has paved the way for the em ployment of a large number of electrical de vices. This is especially noticeable on war ves sels, where electric motors are used for ven tilation, for the training ot guns, for the hoist ing of shot and for many other purposes, and recently a telephone service has been estab lished on board the United States ship Balti more, so as to enable tho commander to com municate from the conning tower with the various' parts of the ship. Ttttc Tipnnv-in-the slot svstnm of nlprtrTO .'light Is now in use on, some ISngllsh railroads. A reading lamp is nttea into each carraige, and for the sum ot 1 penny a travelerobtalas a soft clean light, which lasts for a quarter of an hour. , Many of those who were interested in the manufacture and sale of gas in this country have been much exercized by the threatened supersession by the electric light of the older lliuminant; but there is now every reason to believe that instead of injuring the gas in dustry, the introduction of electricity for illu minating purposes will stimulate it to an un limited extent Not only has the fact been established that tho superior brilliance of electric light in streets and stores where it is used calls for more light in competitive situa tions, where gas alone is employed, but It has been demonstrated that the use of cas in en- .ginea as a motive power to drive electric light macmnery win prouuee iroin uve to six nines tho light that could be obtained by burningthe same amount of gas in the ordinary way through a burner. A new field has thus been opened up for gas companies to work, in which the electric light will be their ally instead of their competitor, Tee electrical industry now offers such in ducements to the steady, hard and faithful worker that a large number of young men are entering its ranks, and the qnestion is fre quently asked: "How can I become an electri cian?" In response to this query, an electrical journal lays stress on tho advantages of a me chanical training in conjunction with electrical studies. It recommends a firm superstructure of electrical knowledgo upon a foundation of mechanical ability as a combination most likoly to Insure success. To the yonng man who determines to enter the promising Held of electrical engineering, it says: "First study the general principles involved In applied electricity and the theory on which they are founded. There are auy number of elementary works on the subject which may be studied with profit It is highly Important that the student should be grounded in this general theory, for, though it may not give him an in sight into any particular system, he will have obtained a firm grasp of tho principles that will enable him to size up tho details of any system that may present itself. Then put a few years of thorough mechanical training in the work Shop, both at engine work and electrical ma chinery. These two requisites being au ac complished fact intelligence, sound common sense, a modicum of modesty, and plenty of bard work will do the rest" - The English electrical papers, in comment ing on the great success achieved in Washing ton by the electrical census tabulating machine, which enabled the authorities to deal with the large returns with such admirable expedition and absence of confusion, express the hope that a similar arrangement will be adopted in tho approaching census in England. Tho staff set aside for the purpose at Washington, was able by means ot the electrical machines to count the entire population of the United States in ten days of seven w orking hours each. The ponnlation of the civilized world, putting It at 050,000,000, could thus be counted by the same staff in 1U0 days, and the entire popula tion of the earth, which including Asiatics and savages, is estimated at 1,300,000,000. could be similarly determined in less than 200 days. .- 1890., ETEET DAY SCIENCE. TrecionS Stones and the Money That is Expended for Them. ICEBERGS AS CRUISER TARGETS. Lightening the Load to be Forwarded bj the Carrier Pigeon. TELEPHONES AT THE BIRCHALL TRIAL rWBITTEH FOB Tab DISPATCH. What is a precious stone? The answer to this question is not easy, far the value of a particular kind of stone is often due in great measure to the caprice of fashion or some adventitious circumstance ot time or place, and some stones that are to-day of small value have, dnring certain periods in the past, almost displaced the diamond or ruby in public estimation. Beanty of color, hard ness and rarity are the essential qualities which entitle a mineral to be called precious. Stiictly speaking, the only precious stones are the diamond, rnby, sapphire and emer ald, though the term is often extended to the opal, notwithstanding its lack of hard ness, and to the pearl, which is no mineral, but a strictly animal product. Popularly, a gem is a precious or semi precious stone when cut or polished for ornamental purposes. The epithet phenom enal is used in regard to stones which ex hibit an unusual or singular play or color, such as opal, moonstone, sunstone and Lab rador spar, or which change their color by artificial light, like alexandrite; or show a line or band or bands of light, as the line in the cat's eye, and the star in the sapphire and ruby asteria. Ten years ago $100,000 was an unusual amount for even the wealthy to have invested in diamonds, whereas to day there are a number of families each owning diamonds to the value of $200,000. Earrings worth from 55,000 to' J8.000 a pair excite no wonder to-day; for merly they were seldom seen. Of the French crown jewels sold in Paris a little over three years ago, more than one third, aggregating over 5500,000 in value, came to the United States. The customs import lists show tnat import duty was paid on about $120,000,000 worth of cut dia monds in the la?t21 years, of which 590, 000,000 worth were imported dnring the last 12 years. In 1868 Sl.000,000 worth were im ported, and about 81,200,000 worth in 1867, but about 511,000,000 in 1888, and the same amount in 1880, or ten times as many in the latter year as 20 years previous. These are evidences of the increase of wealth and the great popularity of the dia mond among Americans. The foregoing figures represent the import prices exclu sive of mounting of dealers' profits. A single firm now sells yearly more than the annual import of 18C7. In addition to the growing demand for diamonds, public inter est in semi-precious stones has increased greatly within the last ten years. Formerly jewelers sold only diamonds, rubies, sap phires, emeralds, pearls, garnets and agates, but now it is not unusual to have almost any of the mineralogical gems, such as zir con, tourmaline, spinel or titonite called for, not only by collectors, but by the pub lic, whose taste has advanced in the matter of precious stones, as well as in the fine arts. Electricity and Insurance. The Canadian Board of Fire TJnder writersare said to have nnder consideration the compelling of electric light construc tion companies to pay the cost of a special inspector to look after properties in which electricity is used as an illuminant. Their arguments in favor of this course are scarce ly logical. " They S3y that they con sider electric lighting, when properly in stalled, to be the safest known mode of ar tificial illumination, yet they are willing to permit to anyone the use of gas, coal oil or benzine without special inspection, or at any rate without insisting in such cases on the payment of inspection expenses. It ap pears that the total amount paid in the city of Toronto for losses by -the insurance com panies on account of electric lighting during the past seven years has been 510; 52 of which was refunded with exceptional hon esty by a client because his repairs cost him only 58. During the same time losses caused by magnets.coal oil and gas hav eaggregated many thousands of dollars. The point at issue is one of not a little importance, and one which will have to be placed beyond the region of future uncertainty. In view of the fact, however, that in the New En gland States a reduction in insurance rates is made where electric light is used ex clusively, it is regarded as probable that the Canadian board will reconsider its idea of raising the rates if the electrio companies refuse to pay its inspector, and at least place the consumers of electric light on an equality with those who nse other methods ot illumination. Manual Training for Women. One of the most significant signs of the times is the progress being made in the manual training of woman. The public School of Art for women at Bloomsbnry, England, holds a high rank in its instruc tion in art and mathematics, and is entirely in the hands of women professsors. In South Kensington more pnpils in propor tion to their number carry off prizes in the yearly national competitions than in any other institution. In Belgium there is an Ecole Professional, numbering 770 pupils, and its object is to give women a thorough professional manual edncation simultane ously with theoretical teaching. In Holland similar schools exist, which admit to their classes young girls of every rank in society, and not only teach every sort of handicraft suited to professional work, but also furnish excellent opportunities for liberal culturo to those who do not need to make of art a means' ol support. In Denmark the profes sionally artistic education of women is of a yet more advanced charaeter, and the Gov ernment school of decorative art is attended by 120 women pupils, who are admirably trained to take up art in its various branches professionally. Novel Use of the Telephone. One of the most novel uses to which the telephone has been turned is -reported at Woodstock, Ont., during the progress of the trial of Birchall for murder. The court room is very small, and could hardly accom modate the court attendants, attorneys, re porters and witnesses, much less the eager crowds which the sensational character of the trial drew to the town. A smart public housekeeper, however, saw the chance of doing a good stroke of business, and he very effectively carried out, his ideas. On the wall, over the Judge's head, he managed to have fixed a large telephone receiver, which he connected with 20 instruments at his place of business. Here the tubes were rented for a certain time at 25 cents a head, and four of the tubes were placed in a private room for ladies. It is needless to say that all day long, each day of the trial, the hotel tele phone was in requisition, and every word that was said in the court was thus carried to the ears of the distant listeners. Commerce of tho Great Lakes. A recent article in Bradttreet's gives some surprising statistics of the commerce of the great lakes. During 234 days of navigation last year, tonnage passed through the De troit river to the amount or 10,000,000 tons more (ban the entries and clearances of all the seaports in the United States, and 3,000,000 tons more than the combined for eign and coastwise shipping of Liverpool and London. This does not include traffic between Lakes Superior and Michigan or Lake Erie and Ontario, or local traffic be tween ports on these lakes. The growth of shipbuilding on the lakes has been very marked ia the last lew Tears. Is 1886-87 there were 31 boats built, valued at 54,074, 000; and in 1889-00 there were B0 built, valued at 57,806,000, the tendency being, as elsewhere toward iron and steel for large ships. Photography In War. The recent organization of regular carrier pigeon services for military purposes in Europe recalls the wonderful ingenuity and completeness with which the French effected the transmission of dispatches dnr ing the siege of Paris. These birds, how ever strong they might be, could carry with them through the air only very light burdens. A thin sheet of paper two or three inches square, was all the load that could be in trusted to these winged messengers. But how write orders, send dispatches, give pre cise instructions in such a minute letter? Microscopic photography came to the as sistance of the besieged; "it solved the diffi culty as no other art could have done; it reproduced on a film of collodion weigh ing less than a grain, more than 3,000 dispatches, that is to say, the amount of 10 pages of folio printed matter. Several of these films, represent ing a considerable nnmber of dispatches, were rolled and inclosed in a quill about the size of a toothpick. .This light and novel letter box was attached to the tall of a pigeon. Each pigeon could carry 20 films in a quill, the whole not weighing more than 15 grains, and 30 or 40 copies of the miscroscopic dispatches were usually printed and sent by as many pigeons. More than 100,000 of them were thus sent to Paris during the siege. As soon as the small tube was received at the telegraph office it was opened with a knife, and the photo graph films were carefully placed in a basin of water, in which were nut a lew drops of ammonia. In this liquid the dispatches unrolled themselves. They were then dried and placed between two plates of glass. It then only remained to lay them on the stage plate of a photo-electric microscope." 1-i Fire-Escapo Drills In Schools. The practicing of pupils in the fire drill, in order to prevent accidents from the alarm of fire, is now regarded as a most important part of school training. In the schools ot Vienna, the fire-escape drill is executed In three different ways. In tho case of a fire in the neighborhood (Signal No. 1) the pupils place their books iu their satchels, put on their outer garments, and leave the class room in groups of four. If the danger is imminent (Signal No. 2) the books are left, the onter garments rapidly put on and the class room is vacated. In case of ex treme peril (Sigual No. 3) the books and clothing are left, and the exit is made im mediately in groups. In the fire drill at Hamilton, Ont., arrangements are also made for each class to keep its own side of the stairway, and move on independently of other classes preceding or following. In this school 600 pupils have vacated their class room in less than two minutes. The fire drill is not only an effective safeguard against the danger of panics, but is also a good gymnastic exercise. Sow to Get Kid of Icebergs. One of the greatest dangers to Atlantic navigation, and therefore of great practical interest to seamen, passengers and owners of ships, is the possibility of collisions with icebergs. This year these huge products of Arctic winters have been nnusually common and it is stated that more than 20 have been been sighted in the conrse of 24 hours in the track of steamers plying from New York to Liverpool on the Clyde. A corre spondent in the London Times makes a suggestion that these icebergs might be used as targets by cruisers, and thus broken up and dispersed. The suggestion is well received in England, and it is urged that the British meteorological department fol low the example of that ot the United States, and mark charts the area within which icebergs are to be expected. The captain of a crniser setting out with such charts in his possession would have a com paratively easy task in finding where the target floated at which he was to fire. Vocal Culturo In America. Edmund J. Myer, in a recent paper, read at Detroit before the convention of the Music Teachers' National Association, draws attention to the rapidly improving standard of vocal training in this country. He says: "We have as good teachers in this country as can be found in the world. Yet we are suffering from that influence of the past which gave rise to the impression which has so long prevailed, that the best voices, in order to receive the most com plete training, must go to Europe. Do the facts justify this prevalent impression? The tide must and will turn. There is no doubt that the day is ranidly approaching when those who desire the best possible vocal cul ture will seek for it and find it here in our own country." Best rodder for Cavalry Horses. A scries of experiments, made with a view of discovering the best fodder for French cavalry horses, has established the fact that straw and oats are, in season, pref erable to hay. It appeared that when the ration of hay was reduced, and that of the straw and oats proportionately increased, the staying power of' the horses was much improved; they sweated less and bore fa tigue better. These experiments have ex cited much interest in military circles, and it is very generally recognized that there is imperative need for a complete and careful study of the question of cavalry forage. Artificial Celluloid Eyes. Dr. Meurer, a French physician, has issued a warning to physicians against the use of artificial eyes made of celluloid. They are eheap and of good appearance, and for the first three or four months ren der good service. After this, however, they undergo chemical changes and set up a high degree of irritation. Dr. Meurer has repeatedly overcome the resultant inflam mation by antiseptic treatment and by sus pending the use of the artificial eye. So soon as the old eye was again used the in flammation returned, but if a glas3 eye were ' used the parts remained normal. New Use for Buttermilk. Dr. Stanley M. Ward states that he has found fresh buttermilk very serviceable in relieving vomiting of various forms, even at times, the vomiting of pregnancy. The remedy is administered ice cold, in doses of about half a teaspoonful, repeated every sen r turn rn i rri mirun trrrru n rm rrn li i u n in i n ri iirniririrrinmriirrriirrnTniimg' i SUPERFLUOUS HAIR ! i IBIl 3 tive, refined lady than this growth of facial hair. Nearly every lady with hair on her face knows f 3 that the use of depilatories, heated wax, the tweezers, scissors, or razor all make these hairs grow g Z coarser, darker and more numerous. S 3 At. VAN DTCK was tha first physician In the world to successfully perform this operation. 3 ne nas operated lor mteen years, has treated nunaretu oi cases ana nas acquired xne sain or an - expert. ' 3 HEDITOSE-Dt. VAN DYCK has acquired a remarkable skill in the treatment of red.; ness of the nose, which hundreds of both sexes are afincted with. His treatment is original, j Z s dentine, oainless and successful. 4 Sote. Moles, birthmarks, wens, warts, tumps on tne eyelids and cheeks, discolored scars, (ace who has the least regard for her personal : . .- . . TA iwccicis, iM?r3, etc, at once and consult lt. vvi-i 1iLniuuiuTS iscium ucsuvycujuicTc?, Omee509Fenn&T!nui.llttiitrurfi.tlI6urt9toG. bundavs JO to 3. Baolctree. : h 9 i-aiicnis wno cannot cau can DC treated in ineir naure town or city or as weir own nones.-qa Engagements can be made by mail. Call or address Dr. J . VAN DYCK, joa Perm At., Pittsburg. W 1 bbh i nniTgwfcaHirHTnnrmiTiii irrngwmwut wi tHHHHiif iiiiwimh i himhi yLJ ". - ... t r "i. . '-.,..t. IB 15 or 20 minutes. In the case of children with cholera infantum, he has often suc ceeded in quieting the stomach by interdict ing everything else, and using a few drops of fresh" ice cold buttermilk at intervals varying in length according to tne severity of the case. Metal Ceilings. One of the most excellent of recent inno vations is the introduction of metal ceilings in place of wood and plaster These ceilings do not shrink or burn like wood; they will not stain, crack or fall off like plaster, but being permanent, durable, fireproof and. or namental, will eventually suDersede both wood and plaster, besides being in the end far more economical than either. A Novel Leech Jar. A novel leech jar has been brought out in Germany, the innovation consisting of a vertical partition dividing the vessel into two equal compartments, to be filled re spectively with pure water and with moist peat, so that the inhabitants may change their abode at pleasure. MEN MUST EAT GEABS. Kavenstein'g Conclusion That the Earth Can't Produce Enough Food. Boston Traveller. By the way, I nearly forgot to mention the terrible deductions Mr. Kavenstein re cently made at the meeting of the British Association. He says that 182 years hence and we will have to munch grass for our dinner! Gracious powers! we have not got over yet the scare that by and by we will all have to freeze to death from the exhaustion of coal, and here we are threatened scientifically to be left with out food, owing to the limited capacity ot the earth's produce and to our own un limited capacity of increasing the popula tion. In view of this we hope M. Julians will desist from his contemplated tax on celibates. MADAME A. RUPPERT, Complexion Specialist. Mme. A. Rnppert's world-renowned face bleach is the only face tonic in the world which positively removes frecfeles, moth patches, bUckheads, pimples, birthmarKs, eczema and all blemishes of the skin, and when applied cannot be observed by anyone. The face bleach can only be bad at my branch office. Ne. 93 Fifth avenue. Hamilton building, rooms 203 and 204, Pittsburg, or sent to any address on receipt of price. Sold at S3 per bottle, or three bottles, usnallv required to clear the complex ion, S-3. Send i cents postage for full pirtlcnlars. ocll-su MME. A. RUPPERT. The Soft Glow of Tha TEA ROSE la Acquired by Ladies Who Us PiliT M Mmsme n gg ;. i, a3 a 3 ' f ' 3 i MEDICATED ilf ififif SOrjD EVEHtYWITEiea. HABITUAL GROWLER. People who never Tend directions r tho fint to complain that Blacking accumulates on the shoe. Sfa&n we sty it is useless to appeal to their intelligence, and cau tnem iiamtnn urowiera i JJ$ ia Dm. Paint and Ham' TnniiMna Storm far " Ptt-Bon. uMth v r wttLSTaiN Old a kh fubitu Yarnlth VMLLSTAIN CUSS AND ChINAWARC Jh at the' iu. Stain Tinware , tamo WILL STAIN TOUR OLD BASKETS tittle. kill Stain Dabvs Coach anb ., 4 Jf A PAIMTJIIAT 0l T3?V '7. SB Cut tit THHO i.n 'OL ' 1' ' ' WOL77 A RANDOLPH, PnCadilchlJU seS-rrtttf Ofl THE FEMAIJE FACE J g. Hair on the upper lip, chin, cheeks, forehead, g between the eyebrows, on the ncie, on the fingeu, g hand, arms, also hair on gentlemen's cheeks ibore jj (he beard line, and ingrowing eyelashes 2iJ58- 3V TROYED ITOXTjE2i by th- 3 ELECTBIC KEEDLE OPERATION a by Dr. J. VA2f JTCK, 3 C03 Tenn Avenue, PitUburg. 3 ThU is a purely scientific operation, and Is en- dorsed by all physicians and surgeons of eminenca jg- as being thconlr method in the world by which 3 the follicle or sack can be destroyed so the hair 3 can never grow again, g 3 , Superfluous hair is surprisingly prevalent. At jg ' least one-third of our laches are more or less ; troubled with it, There is no blemih mor an- 3 Inoring. distressinc and humiliatinz to theiestiteB - enlarged veins of the nose and checks, small white 3 cancers ana rumors removed, ana tne most aeu- ' appearance should stop using all depilatories, the , A T T-nrr-t- 11 .V-i J Jl r r .t.. ".::' u 9j"t TPi "JifilN. V g! . r gag s TRY IT, A iilf& i i ij?'M,!I 'jtm Woiff'sflOMF K-OiM 1 I
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers