SECOND PART. PBODUCTrtIS, Interesting Papers at the Met allurgists' Second Day's Meeting. HOW GERMANY PROSPERS. Rapid Strides Hade by Her Iron and Steel Manufacturers. HISTORY OF IRON ORE FORMATION. Professor Langley on a General Standard of Analysis. TIS1T0KS LATISH IX THEIR PEAISE The final joint international session of the United Metallurgical Senate was brought to a close yesterday in Carnegie Hall. The hall was fairly well filled when at 10 o'clock Organist Leonard "Wales sent a flood of melody through the building byway, as it were, of giving tone to the learned business to follow. Mr. A. Thielen occupied the chair. Sir James Kitson saton the left, beside him Sir Lowthian Bell, with Mr. Andrew Carnegie in his immediate rear. There were also on thepiatform.Mr. Daelen, Sir John Alleyne.Mr. Brauns, Mr. Schlink, Mr. Krabler and James M. Swank, of Phil adelphia Mr. Thielen, upon taking the chair, said he was extremely happy to preside at a meeting of such a learned body of men, , representatives of their countries, and after making a number of pleasant remarks intro Ouccd Dr. R. W. Raymond to speak on "Prominent German Metallurgists," Dr. Raymond is. a bright, earnest speaker and said: EULOGIZIXO VON TUNNER. Mr- rr.Eii)F.M" When, nearlj 0 ears ago. the Aluencm Institute ot Minim; Engineers va founded, one ot the first names placed upon its short roll of honorary members was that of ProT. Peter Hitter von Tunner, the founder In IblO ot what is now the worla famous Mining School or Leoben, and the man who more than any other 1 might safely say more than all others made of that school the central seat of the science of the lnctallnrj of iron I do not unaervalue the distinguished sen ices of Tcrcy in England, Akerman in .viaen, Grtincr and Jordan m Trance and Kerl at Clau'tlia! I io not forget Mich nam. s os those ot Bell. Karstcn and the brilluM Scheeicr. too carl Inst to us. On I ho contrary, it is upon the st.npoit of those cn.mcnt author ities that the fame of Tunner secnrelj rests. Atil if we place to hi-, credit, as wo are justi fied in doir;. il e plrnnid work of the institu tion lie loumltd ami of the pupils lie Ins tralncu, we nn fjirl hail him as the Nestor of our prnftY sinn Tlio Irrn and Stool Institute anil the Vcrein Deutf her Eim nh'iciii iileute liaM set their seals upon this soldier alicadv. liy electing lro!essor onTn nei tohoiiomr iiK'tnhorhip Ilristhus cniiDeoicil with this" international iBemblr bv a tnph bond of rclliu-liip:and it tmm be depinpil a fnituiaie anil sicmhcant coirciueiice that tho (! i o! this session is the lirt tiav f the oeVbrat.or a Leoln of the rcirl-centeunial jubilee f 'liat celebrated in stitution and of its lionon cl bead. Tho council f the -Auuncau Institute of Mining Eujjinper-. Ins ii lcrratcil to mo the honor of proposing that this meetlns shall au thorize the iriiisimttai to I.nbci of a cable inessageif i'iirr.-.tulatinn. Hut before I rend Mle jTnpo-cil lues- ice, I 1ks to say that I jonM jirtt naie autumn tins repre-ciuane function lul for tbe -licence ol our d.stincuiBhcd past Presiurnr, Dr. 1 Mini Hunt, perhaps the only man nmonc onr American members whose fccientillu career doti s Inmi the same period as that of Professor vnr Tunner. whose colleague and friend lie was atl'aris more than a third of a century ago. rnor. hunt's regkets. The following letter was then read by Sec retary Raymond Pror. Hunt is absent from the sess'ons on account of illness. He is iiow in Paris: Dear Dr. ruyaiond. The mention of the name of Peter von Tun ner. of L"oben, avaktns injnc many pleasant and tender memonet More than S3 years hlnoc. at the gnat exhibition ia Paris in 1S55. 1 was tho joun:ct of a group of jurors, ap pointed to atuine and judge the objects therein, b-longiinr to tho domain- of geologj, mining and u etaliurgy. i sufficient to men tion amoi g mj colleacuostho names of Eliede, Io Vaux. Warrinzton V. binu'i and Peter von Tunner. Ol that croup of juror-, so far as lam aware, vou Tnr.ncr aim nnself are the .inlysurvnors. Hon lie endeared himself to me and to us all b Ins asii!uitj, his earnest ness his sympatb and his prolound knowl edge of the principles and details of bis nro lesion. I still remember with dehcht. Azatn in lfcTk. having as colleagues our hon ored fe'low-tnenibers. Sir Lottluan Hell and the lamented Alexander Hull), whose monu mental broi ze wehie so lately unveiled in Sf Voik, I w as, a juilttc at our Centennial ex hibition at pbi'accipuia. It was then inv uood fortune at one of tlio informal gatherings of our Institute of Mining Engineers to receive as our guest tho Hitter von 'lunner and to bid linn welcome to the institute which he had al ways honored by Lis membership. I well re member Ins pleasant surprise and his emotion a this greeting after 21 j ears from bis former rolleague. Vnd now m the fullnecs of time are gathered th.- represcn tames of il.ree societies, one from treat llntain. oni I.-om Germanv. and a thud tlieir fr.endlj rival, all devoted to that wfession wluh von lunner has done so mucii to render illustrious, and each claiming lam as an honorary member. And by a happy coincidence, the meet in tho great cen ter it Amencin iron industry oa the day when Leoben celebrates the jubilee of its world lamed metallurgical school, and of its founder, Peter vou Tunner. What more fittingand that ue should send across the 6ca on this occasion oar heart greetings? I therefore venture to Vropose a telegrapic message from our inter national session. . nnveing our congratulations to i on Tunner and to Leoben. Yours trnlv. f. :TEjmY Hunt. IKATLUNAL GltEETIXGb SENT. In accordance with the letter, which was received with a storm of applause, the fol lowing cablegram was sent to Proi. Hoefer, Leoben, Austria: "International session of German, British and American engineers and metallurgists sends greeting to Tunner and Leoben." Sir Lowthian Bell said he had much pleasure in seconding the resolution. "I bad the pleasure of making the Professor's acquaintance many years ago," continued Sir Lowthian, "and since that time we have kept up a correspondence. A more afiec tionate friend I never met in my life. Mr. Frederick Siemens also supported the reso lution in a few brief words. Mr. Gilchrist, in seconding the resolution, said that the name of Gruner would he re vered by metallurgists lor all time. In his writings were found great truths clearly ex pressed. Sir William Siemens was one of the most versatile inventors the world has seen. Sidney Gilchrist Mimas, who without having read the writings of Gruner or the blue book ol Snetus, in part discovered bow steel could be nroduced on the Bessemer ami Siemens from phosphoric pig furnaces, aud u ho, hi conjunction with nis cousin, Perc C. Gilchrist, worked out the common coal part of the process, aided by many friends such as Edward Martiu and others were worthy of being named in conjunction with him." PROGRESS OF GERMANS. Pr. Wedding Treats of the Rapid Strides Made in the Iron and Stoel Uiislness n-e 187G oung Men Handicapped There on Account of the Arm. Dr. "Wedding read a paper on the "Prog ress of German Practice in the Metallurgy of Iron and Steel Since 1876. With Special Reference to the Basic Processes." The paper was a learned treatise of the subject and showed that the doctor was thoroughly familiar with the rapid strides made in the past 14 years. He said: It Ms now H years since we German iron masters. In considerable number, visited the United States on the occasion of the Philadel phia Exposition, and found tho iron metal lurgy of this country, as must be frankly con fessed, in an advanced stage of development dot previously suspected by us. At that time the United States already occupied, as now, the second rank, with Germany in tho third, the product of pig iron for that year being, in Great Britain. 6,550. in this country, 2,033 and Germany, 1.850 kilotons. This relative posi tion has not been changed. The present an nual product of the three countries is, in round numbers: Great Britain, 8.3SQ, the United States. 7.790, and in Germany, 4,530 kilotons. But the proportion of the United States, which was, in 1876, but 15 per cent of the world's prod uct, has now advanced to SO per cent. GRATITUDE FOR THE AMERICANS. When we left America in 1S76, it was not only with gratitude for cordial hospitality and for the liberality with which our professional col leagues here had opened to our inspection whatever was worthy of notice in our special field, but also with the conviction that we had collected a great treasure of new and interest ing information, which we could utilize for the benefit of our German Fatherland. Particu larly the achievements of the never-to-be-forgotten Holly In ttio field of Bessemer practice, set us an inspiring example lor imitation in our own conntrj. As an expression of our thanks in more prac tical fashion. I attempt in this paper to sketch what we have done in Germany since that time in the metallurgy of iron and steel, venturing to hope that some portion of what 1 bring may prove useful to our American brethren. Germany (including Lnxemburc, which is Included in the Customs-Union with the em pire), produced in 1S76 and 18S9: 1S7. 1SS9. Kilotons. Kilotons. Iron ore 4.712 II. 001 Coal and lignite 8.5J0 S4.692 Pig Iron 1,816 4,!So Castings 43B 9)0 Malleable lronl ingot iron 219 2. OK aialleaDie ironweW )ron gw I(33 I use the words ingot iron (Fluss-eisen) and weld iron (Schwelss-eisen) which are emplojed by us in official documents and in the Custom House, and the first of which practically com prises all that is called "steel." It is not my purpose to urce again the International har mony of nomenclature which was planned in 1S76, but. unfortunately, not completely achieved. I would only remark that we Ger mans get along verv comfortably with the names then proposed, which we adopted at once. The figures given above may serve to prove that we have taken some pains to maintain our position as the third nation in the competition of the iron-prodncing world. Like the United States, and unlike England. France and Belgium, Germany is fortunate in possessing within its own borders the raw ma terials for its iron industry. There Is an iin- Enrtation of ores from Spain. Sweden and ungary, it is true, but it is not strictly neces sary, and, in fact. Is more than offset by the ex portation of German ores. In other words, wo mine considerably more thar enough ore for all the iron we make, fetnee 1876, Indeed, the center of gravity of the German iron ore pro duction has moved. It now lies in Lorraine and Luxemburg, on the western edge of the Empire, where 57 per cent of our ore product is mined. MUST GET ORES FROM SrATl.. We possess very few ores that are free from phosphorus, and those which we have are so manganiferous that they cannot, generally speaking, be used to make pig-iron for the acid Jlessemcr procsss. On the other hand, we have an abundance of phosphoric ores, the greater part beingso rich in phosphorus as to bo suit able for the manufacture of piz for the basic Bessemer or Thomas process. The remainder Is composed of ores of medium tenor in phos phorus, and suited only to the manufacture of forge and f oundrr Irons. So far as the acid Bessemer practice is still maintained among us. it requires foreign ores; and this need is supplied chiefly from Spain. The proportion among the different classes of ores in the product mined Is about as follows: Ores ihich can be nscd by thcmscUestomake rhomas pig C4.6 Ores suitable for lorge and founctrj irons. .... 22.1 Acid esscnier" ores 2.8 Manganift rolls ores (used to make white pig aud Epieccl 10.4 100.0 But if we add the foreign ores imported and deduct the domestic ores exported, we have as the proportional consumption of each class in Gcrmam: Ores TorTliomas rig 5S. Ores for forge and roundrr Irons ............... 22. Ores lor acid llcssemer pig........ 15. Ores lor spltsel, etc 11. 100. But this statement does not correctly repre sent the actual use of the different classes; for it frequently happens that commercial condi tions make it advisable to use. in the production of one kind of pir, ores which would be, of themselves, better adapted to some other kind. (For instance, high and low phosphorous ores are often mixed to produce a forge iron ) As to our fuels, tbe figures already given show that we have an abundant supply for all industrial purposes, including, of course, the iron manufacture, for which, with rare excep tions, only bituminous coal and coke made from it are employed. Moreover, our coal fields will not be exhausted in many centuries. Unfortunately, not nil our coal basin furnish the material for coke suitable for the blast furnace. Strictly speaking, there is but one basin the Westphalian or Ruhr coal basin which satisfies this condition to the satisfaction of tho ironmaster. In other districts, as. for nclinPA tint rf tlia Knir pnVh la inilaaJ mn9 but of greatly inferior quality as compared with tbe Westphalian. In Upper Silesia, the coke made with tho greatest pains from domes tic coals would seem, nevertheless, to a stranger an utterly impracticable element in the recular conduct of a blast furnace. This difficulty has caused in Germanv, perhaps more than any other country, tbe careful test ing of all means of improvement, and the adoption of those which stood the test, in order that the quality of the coke made lrom poor coal might be made scriceable. COKE PRODUCTION OF GERMANY. Dr. Otto estimates the coke production of Germany at 26,31? kilotons. of which 13 401 should be credited to the Ruhr basin, 4,163 to Upper SUesia and 2092 to the basin of tbe Saar. The difficulty with German coking coals is usually to be found, not so much in an excess of asli as in the lack of "coking quality." even when the ash is low. So far as the ash is con cerned, an adequate remedy has been found in careful washing after sizing. Onr coal wash ing apparatus leases little to bo desired now that the principle of a preliminary sizing has been fully recognized. There is a decided advantage of crushing the coal before coking in the more intimate contact of particles thus secured. Experience has shonn that the smaller the quantity of heavy hydrocarbons in the coal (these being the well-known determinants of its coking, quality) the closer must the solid particles be brought together In order to form a cohesive coke To this end many means have been nro picrt and tried. The attempt has been made, without practical success, to press the coal together in the coke oven. Again, the coal has been made into bricks, which, by reason of their regular shape, could be packed tightly together in the oven; but this practice also has failed of general adoption. Finally, resort has been had to the method of stamping the coal in a box. and charging into the oven the whole of the thick slab thus produced. This procedure has given satisfaction at German works, and is now in somewhat extensive use. One disadvantage we have in common with the ironmasters of tho United States the necessity, namely, as a general rule, of railway transportation over considerable distances for orc or coke, or both. Butwe lack tbe magnifi cent water ways, like the great lakes of the North; and the development of internal canals, as a remedy for this natural disadvantage, is still delajed in Germany. VELD IRON MUST BE PUDDLED. To give instances of our transportation of materials: most of the iron ores smelted in Westphalia (where, as already observed, the best coke is made), most be brought from the Siegen district, from the Lahn and from Lorraine. On the other band, notwithstanding the abundance of iron ore in Lorraine, the iron master there must Import not only Westphalian coke, bat also (by reason of tho sulphury char acter of tbe native ores) manganiferous ores from the Lahn as an admixture. And in all this transportation there is no water route ex cept a short piece of tho Rhine. Weld iron (wrought iron) is produced in Germany by puddling exclusively, and almost invariably by that variety of the puddling process (Luftfrlschen) which depends upon the air for oxidation. The other variety (Erz friscben). In which oxidation is effected by means of a fettling ore, and which is so com mon in America, finds among as a very subor dinate application only. The manufacture of ingot iron in tbe open hearth furnace is generally conducted in Ger many by tbe Martin process, according to which pi: iron is de'.arbon;zed by malleable scrap commonly tbe crop ends and rejections of tho mill's own production. Ore or hammer scale is cmploj ed only in small measure, usually as auxiliary to complete tho decarbonization. The regular pig-aud-ore or Siemens process, if used at all, finds application only in isolated cases and to a very small extent. Equally limited in its introduction has been tbe practice THE PITTSBURG DISPATCH., of blowing air into the metal, used for some time In the Phoenix works at Rubrort, has since been abandoned because economic ad vantages for it could not be demonstrated. Tbe process is as frequently acid as basic; the latter method, however, is continually gaining ground, and it is especially interesting to ob serve that such works in particular as aim only at small output, or bave but small quantities of scrap to work up, prefer the basic process. To such extent, indeed, is this true that even in ordinary machine shops and foundries 1-5 to 2 ton open hearths are found ia successful opera tion. In conclusion I may be permitted to say that the outlook for our German iron and steel in dustry is neither all brightness nor all shadow. On the one hand, the patent law of 1877 and the tariff law of 1870 have greatly stimulated in dustrial activity and technical progress in this business, and the Thomas process, coming just at the right time, has made us independent of other countries for our raw material. On tho other hand, the severtt) of military duty, both withdrawing and estranging from labor for three years every strong and healthy workman, and the compulsory contributions required by law from emplnjers for tbe Insurance (life and accident), medical care amljiensionlng of em ployes, constitute patriotic and philanthropic burdens which we must needs feel in competi tion with other countries not similarly handi capped. But the iron masters of Germany make no complaint. On the contrary, spurred rather than daunted by difficulties, they mean, by in creased vigilance, energy, economy, technical skill and continuous scientific lesearcbcs, to maintain the honorable rank of the German Emnire among the iron and steel producing nations of the world. For the benefit of those who are not familiar with the German standards of weights it may be stated that a kiloton is 1,000.000 kilograms or very nearly 1,000 tons avoirdupois. Dr. Raymond being called upon to make a reply to Dr. Wedding's paper spoke on the Mannerman process. He said there had already been printed a full statement ol his researches whieh would be at band for anr member. THE DARBYPR0CESS. Chairman Thielen, of the Phoenix Works, Ghes the Results of the TVell-Known Manager's Experiments How Itecarbuxi satlonls Done by the Method. Dr. Howe, of Boston, was called to the chair while President A. Thielen read his pater "On the Darby Process of Eecarburi sation." Mr. Thielen is managing director of the Phoenix Steel "Works at Ituhrort, Rhenish Prussia, and one of tbe best prac tical students of metallurgy in the world. His paper was as follows: As is widely known, in order to prodnco in tbe converter, by means of Sir Henry Besse mcr's great invention, steel of a wisbed-for per centage of carbon two methods present them selves. By tbe one the process is stopped when tho bath possesses the desired contents of car bon; by tbe other the bath is completely decar buriscd, and then the wished for carbon added in the form of spiegel, ferro-manganese, etc In Germany the latter method only came into use and was retained when the Thomas-Gilchrist process for the production of steel, low in phosphorus, from highly phosphoric iron In the basic converter came successfully into use. DECAEBURISATIOJf IS NECESSAKY. Tho more so as from tho nature of the proc ess, before dephosphorisation takes place, completo decarburisation is necessary. But while, by tue old acid process the carbunsation readily takes place by tbe simple addition of spiegeleiscn etc., the new process brought with it difficulties, not easy to overcome, inasmuch as tbe oxides which are always present in the basic process to a larger or smaller extent, and alsojtbe phosphoric acid of the slag takes part in the reaction. Even if one succeeded in remov ing part of the oxide by pouring off tbe slag and regulating the amount left dissolved in the bath by so perfecting the process, that there would be approximately an equal amount re maining in each charge, and even if the danger ol rephosphorlsation were diminished by as com plete a removal of the slag as possible and by suitable slag additions made to the still remaining slag,still the;production of low phos phorus steel high in carbon could not be ac complished so readily as not to make the in troduction of another simple method of car burising well worth wishing for. The circum stances aro similar as regards the basic and acid open hearth processes. it can oe reauuy understood, therefore, why, after tbe introduction of tbe method of .making steel in basic-lined vessels', proposals wbich bave been formerly made for the introduction of carbon other than by the indirect way, by means of spiegel, etc, but which had hitherto remained without results, should be brought forward again from various quarters. AH of these processes were based on the known fact of thejrreat affinity between carbon and iron at high beats. It was sought to reduce and car burize the batb or steel by the introduction of carburetted gases, by the addition of tar, pe troleum, etc., as well as many mixtures of these substances with solid bodies, such as burnt dolomite. However, the results of all these experiments did not lead to the permanent in troduction of any of them in nractical work, until Mr. John Henry Darby, tbe Managing llirector ot tho Bryrabo Steel Works, suc ceeded in finding a solution of tbe problem. Having attentively remarked an increase of carbon which took place in two pieces which had been treated in tbe coal fire for welding, he brought fluid steel lntointimate contact with solid caibon, the result being a rapid absorp tion of the carbon bv the steeL Supported by this experiment he founded on it his patented process by wbich fluid steel can becarburised uy nitration tnrougu pieces of carbon, prefer ably in the form of graphite or wood charcoal, etc. This consists of a sheet-iron cylinder open at tbe top and closed at the bottom by a Elate pierced uitb numerous holes, the whole eing lined with refractory matenak It is filled with the carbonaceous material and in serted cither between two steel ladles or be tween the Siemens furnace and the steel ladle. Tbe fluid steel takes its way through the inter stices of the pieces uf carbon, aud is thereby brought by absorption of the carbon, to the wished for percentage of carbon. HOW DAEBY EXPERIMENTED. Mr. Darby's experiments extended wholly to the carburismg ot open-hearth steel, and be succeeded by his process in conjunction with tbe basic process in producing from phosphoric raw material a very excellent product, which with any wished for percentage of carbon to upwards o 0.9 per cent contains only very small traces of other bodies, and consequently is distinguished from all hitherto known open hearth steel by its exceeding toughness. It has bcon worked up into chisels. knlvo3. wire, etc, with tho best results. And there was a very great certainty in obtaining the riebt per centage of carbon, the percentage obtained varying from that wished for seldom more than 0.01 per cent to 0.02 ner cent. The rollinc quality nf the material, although only very small additions of ferro-niangancse or ferro silicon were made, was very good. The process was very soon exclusively em p!ocd at Urymbo. lor the harder steels, but in orderto introduce his sstera to the Bessemer process, Mr. Darby entered into an agreement with the Pbeeuix Company of Laarnear Ruh rorton tbeTlbinc The experiments were ar ranged in tbe Basic Bessemer works. The car bunsing vessel was arranged between, two ladles standing one over the other and the steel carbunsed while streaming from the first into the second ladle by the stream of carbon aceous material issuing, regulated by tbe valve handle. It quickly appeared, however, that tbe basio Bessemer steel, although readily car burised, yet thereby lost Its rolling qualities to such an extent that tbe ingots fell to pieces in the Tolls. On inquiring Jnto the cause of this it was discovered to be due to the method of carrying out the process, viz: that for four minutes, more than 60 fine streams of steel were oxidized, by means of the atmospheric oxj gen. It was sought to overcome this draw back by replacing the 60 holes in tbe bottom of the vessel by one of suitable diameter. A con siderable improvement in the rolling quality ot tbe ingots was thereby produced. But the rolling quality attained was not equal to that of the ordinary Thomas ingots. SOME PRETTY LARGE INGOTS. The carburising vessel was replaced by a refractory lined funnel, open at the bottom, which was arranged between tho casting ladle and tbe molds. By an arrangement attached to the sido of the casting crano it was possible to Introduce into the funnel the ground carbon aceous material little by little in a well regu lated stream. This arrangement consists of an accurately bored cylinder, provided with a lathe-cut worm. As is readily apparent the amount of carbonaceous material forced out, is proportional to the number of rotations which tbe endless screw makes, which can be accurately regulated. By the employment of this apparatus the carburising is safely done in the wished for manner and good rolling Ingots obtained. The ground coke appeared to be more quickly absorbed than the graphite, so that tbe whole of the experiments were carried out with this material. It was found that with ingots weighing 1,110 kilos and measuring IS inches square, the carbon was very equally dis tributed throughout. By some attentiou tbe frequently occurring increaso of carbon in tbe top parts of ingots of this weight was success fully overcome by a lessened addition of carbon In tbe uuper part. In order to test the equal distribution of the carbon, Ingots wens rolled PITTSBURG, SATURDAY, down into 2-Inch billets and tests taken from the two ends and the middle of the same In the basic Bessemer (Thomas) process: the carburising takes place in the almost complete absence ot the slag, rich in oxides and phos phoric acid, consequently it proceeds with cer tainty, it is accompanied by no important re pbosphorizatlon. and is practicable for any de sired percentage, without simultaneously in creasing tbe manganese. By the omission or the spiegeleisen a considerable economy is effected. ECONOMIZED BY SAYING SPIEGEL. In the Bessemer process: tho carburisation takes place up to tho highest grade of hardness with far greater safety than by the help of spiegel, and without the increaso in manganese, consequent upon tho emploment of the latter process. Here also a considerable economy Is effected due to ihe saying in spiegel. The trials were made among others on some Ameri can works. In the open hearth process: for the acid and basic open hearth processes, the advantages ontalned are verv neaily identical with those mentioned for the Bossemer aud Thomas processes, tbe very considerable cost of tbe ferro-manganese and ferro-sillcon especially, wholly or for the greater part avoided. Tho combination of the process with the basic open hearth process permits of the production of a steel, which for many industrial purposes can successfully measure itself with crucible steel. By this method also a material is pro duced, which in the future will find very advantageous employment as the raw material in tbe crucible steel process. Tho economy resulting from the employment of tho carburising process is here considerable; a similar relation holds good in the acid open hearth process. From the foregoing it Is clear that the superiority of the carburising process in regard to the question of cost becomes the more considerable the higher tho grade of hardness of the material to bo produced; to the advantage that tho harder sorts of steel can be produced with far greater ease and safety. There is to be added the very considerable economy In the cost of production, while by tbe old procexs the cost of production rose consid erably with the grade of hardness. During the month of July there was effected in the carburising process another modifica tion, whicb considerably improved one of our leaning articles, viz. tyres. We use for tho manufacture of tyres small ingots containing sufficient material for one tyre, which after be ing hammered into fiat disks are perforated in the middle, this perforation being enlarged be fore tbe disk is reheated before rolling. This method requires that the surface of the ingots is without any Saws, and it must be as well without any pores, as all deficiencies can oe seen afterward in the finished type. The Sie mens Martin steel obtained by tbe carburisa tion process does not show immediately after the casting an absolute even surface. Tbe car burized material was therefore taken as mate rial for tyres. ALUMINUM IN TIIE BATH. Experiments were made to give tho bath a small addition of aluminum and in conse quence of this all difficulties were removed. By adding at the outside 0.04 per cent of alum inum an Ingot was obtained, which was abso lutely free from porosities; and eminently fit to bo used for tyres. Following up these ex periments several solid castings were made out of the carburlzed material and these turned out equally satisfactory, being positively flaw less. Mr. P. C. Gilchrist opened the discussion ot Mr. Theilen'8 paper. He said: I can freely indorse his process. When Mr. Darly mentioned his process I followed it step by step with much interest. You are aware that there w ere two discoveries required to per fect it or two in tho case of onen hearth and three in tho case of basic "In July of this year Mr. Arthur Coop, of the Northeast Corn pan 's Works, went oyer with mo to Ituhrort and saw everything in connection with basic open hearth and basic Bessemer. We found, ourselves, everything Mr. Thielen has stated in his paper. Our experience differs from the German experience. Mr. Cooper says in his letter: "In accordance with my promise I hand you on fly leaf the estimations of carbon in each of the nine ingots of blow 370 and in each of the eight ingots of blow 378, together with the phosphorus aLd several manganese results. 1 also band you tbe mechanical tests of rails made from the above blows, which vou will s:ee give exceeding! regular results. The amount of carbon arrived at in blow 370 was ia to 50, and in blow 378, 30 to 85." Mr. Suelus said we were now able to make a steel equal to any made from the best Swedish iron. He paid tribute to Mr. Thielen for tbe diligent and thoughtful manner in which the tests had been carried on, and perfectly ngreed with him in every thing he said in bis paper. Mr. Thielen (smiling) I am happy to hear that all you gentlemen thoroughly agree with me, and I perlectly agree with myself. STANDARDS FOR ANALYSIS. Prof. Langley, Formerly of This City, Tells of Uie Work of the American Committee Important Discussions Pertaining to Double Chloride Solutions. Proi. John W. Langley read an interest ing compilation of facts and figures on tbe "International Standards for the Analysis of Iron aud Steel. His paper was as follows: In the summer of I8S8 it was the fortune of tbe writer to present the subject of the desira bility of establishing a set of samples of steel, which should be analyzed with extreme care, m order that they might become standards to which scientific and commercial analyses of iron and steel could be subsequently referred. Also, that greater uniformity in the results of analyses might be brought about, sinco these standards would bear toward analytical meth ods somewhat tbe position which the original units of weight aud length, the gramme and meter, or tho pound and yard, preserved in Paris, London, and Washington, do to the me chanical arts. An ingot of tool steel, ZM inches square, poured from a eingle crucib'lo. in which the metal had been thoroughly "dead melted," was heated and hammered barely enough to round off the corners. Ihe ingot was then cut into two pieces, one of which was then re heated and hammered down to a bar lx inches. PITTSBURG MATERIAL WAS USED. The other half ot the ingot was turned in a lathe with a blunt tool, exactly as in tbe manu facture of the international standards, and tbe turnings, after sifting from fine dust, were thoroughly mixed and then sealed np In glass jars. The hammered bar was drilled and tbe drillings similarly treated. This material was given bv tbe Crescent Steel Company, of Pitts burg. The object of this was to have two bodies of metal presumably identical in origi nal composition, but ono of which had received a large amount of mechanical work, the other approximately none. These samples are desig nated exp. standard, ingot, exp, standard, ham mered, respectively. The apparatus used by Dudley consisted of an ordinary Bunsen furnaco with 15 burners, in whicb was a porcelain combustion tube five eighths of an inch internal diameter, and 18 inches long, inside tuts tube, about three inches from the end toward the absorption ap paratus, was granulated and porous oxide of copper, occupying about four inches of the length of the tube, and filling the bore. This was held in place by asbestos plugs at either end. Next to tbe oxide of copper, toward tbe boat, was placed a roll nf metallic silver about i inches long, nearly filling the bore of the tube. Rubber corks were used at each end. Ihe combustions were all made in oxvgen gas, using air to finish tbe aspiration and clean out tbe tube. The oxygen gas used was ob tained in the market in cylinders, the gas being compressed to 250 pounds per square incb. Be tween the oxygen holder and the combustion tube was placed first a copper tube, about 4 feet long and i inch in diameter, fitted with three coils at the middle; next a potash bulb, and after that a chloride of calcium tube. HCW THE OXYGEN GAS WAS USED, All the ox gen gas, and the airnsedintbe combustions, was passed through these parts. Tbe copper colls were kept red bot by a Bunsen burnerdnrlngtho passago of the gases, tbe idea being to burn any possiblo traces of combusti ble in the gas or air before they should go into the combustion tube. Between tbe absorption end of the combustion tube and tbe potash bulbs were, first, a washing tube containing about Sec of sulphate of silver solution, with perhaps a gram, of silver sulphate, and next, a chloride of calcium tnbe. The potash bulbs were of the Gelssler order, of small size, made to order. These were fit ted with a small chloride of calcium tube con taining chloride of calcium simply, and com monly called the prolong. The whole absorp tion apparatus weighed, when charged, about 60 grams. The absorbing solution In the bulbs was the ordinary caustic potash solution rec ommended by Fresenius. The absorption ap paratus was protected against tbe aspirator bottle uy a fnll size chloride of ealclum tube. The joints were made with ordinary rubber tubing. The carbon from the steel was caught on an asbestos filter in a platinum boat, and dried alter very complete washing. The boat with its filter and carbon was put into the tubes without transfer. Duriug combus tions a slight pressure above the atmo sphere was always maintained In the Continued on Tenth Pqgc, OCTOBER 11, 1890. M'KINLEFS MEASUBE. A Campaign Document Issued by the Kepublican Committee. EXPLANATION OP THE INCREASE, With the flew Industries Which Will Be Established Thereby. SDGAK AND THE FEEE UST FEATURES Washington, October 10. Among the campaign documents which the Republican Congressional Committee has issued for this campaign, one which lias just appeared affords a complete analysis of the MoKinley bill. It explains tbe plan embodied in the McKinley bill, showing the method and purpose of its constrnction and pointing out the conditions that have prompted each and every increased duty. In the law which has now been plated upon the statute books these features are paramount: First The internal taxes on tobacco have been materially reduced, on the theory that all direct taxation sbonld be brought down to the lowest possible figure. Second The free list has been enormously increased by the addition ot practically every article known to our commerce that is not or cannot be profitably produced in this country, on the theory that tbe proper sub jects or importation into a well-ordered country are not those articles that its people can supply to themselves, but those that they cannot supply, and that goods of this character should be brought to the consumer at the cheapest possible price. Third The dutiable list has been thor oughly revised so that: (a) The revennes necessary to carry on the Government shall be to collected as largely as possible lrom foreigners in return lor the privilege of sell ing their goods in our markets; (b) Foreign competition which means a competition in cheap labor, a competition in flesh and blood shall be checked wherever it threat ens to lower the American standard of wages and to drive American producers out of business; (c) Numerous branches of in dustry never heretofore carried on in America shall be encouraged to undertake production, thus increasing the opportuni ties for the profitable investment of capital and profitable occupation oflabor; (d) The cost of necessary supplies to the American consumer shall "in no case be raised, but shall in response to the law of free domestic competition go on decreasing in the future as it always has under the protective policy in the past. IHE LARGE FEEE LIST. An Explanation of That Feature of the Koir Law. The Republican party has enacted the McKinley bill after ten months of profound investigation and elaborate debate. It un dertakes to say that a wiser, braver, fairer revenue bill has never been provided in all the history of the Bepublic! It undertakes to say that under the operation of this netr tariS the American people will pay a smaller proportion of the expenses ot the Government than ever before. The con clusion will be lorced upon any fair-minded man who takes the trouble to examine its provisions. In the first place, a large por tion of the internal revenue taxation on tobacco has been remitted, and all those annoying special licenses for the sale of tobacco have been abolished. The American farmer and retailer are as free to-day to sell their tobacco as their wheat. In tbe next place, practically all direct taxation, except the internal revenue taxes on whisky and tobacco, have been remitted to the people. This has been done by means of a remarkable enlargement of the free list. It is nracticallv true to sav that everything the like of which is not or can not be largely produced in this country has been placed on the tree list. A duty on this class of articles is a revenue duty and is paid by tne consumer. In this respect it differs entirely from a protective duty, which is often wholly and always largely paid by the importer. By its additions to the free list, then, the Republican party has le.t in the people's pockets a , sum which last year amounted to more than $65,000,000, and has opened our ports to merchandise upon which the American consumer has heretofore been paying a tax whii h was last year imported to the value of $365,406, 000. This is nearly 50 per cent of the total importation, and is 10 per cent greater than the face importation provided in the Mills bill. When it is considered that among the foreign products transferred by the Repub lican party lrom the dutiable list to the free list are such universally used articles as sugar, molasses, needles, dried currants, round or split straw matting, sisal grass and manilla lor use in the manufacture of bind ing twine; braids, seeds, hemp, turpentine and jute, the importance oi this legislation may be appreciated, THE CHANGE ON SUGAR. It is Expected it Will Cost Two Cents Less a Found. For the reduction of the revenues the Mills bill relied chiefly on free wool, the McKinley bill ou free sugar. This circum stance admirably illustrates the difference in spirit and purpose between the two meas ures. We consume 600,000,000 pounds of wool annually and we can produce the whole of it. We do not need to go abroad for a single fiber. We consume 1,423,000 tons of sugar, 9nd we can produce only 226, 000 tons, not 20 per cent of our demand. Now, tbe Republican policy is to pro tect wool, which we can and do pro duce, so at to hold onr market ior our own producers, and to encourage wool growing and wool manufacturing; and, on the other hand, ileely admit sugar, which we are not largely producing, so as to put it into the coffee cups of oar own people at the lowest Dossible price. The Democratic policy is to admit wool free, thus drawing the semi savage wool growers of Asia and South America into competition with our farmers, to tbe inevitable destruction of unr wool in dustry, and to tax sugar. The Republican policy proposes to Send no more money out of the country than is absolutely necessary. The Democratic policy proposes to send oat as much as possible, and needlessly to tax the American consumer as well. With wool on the tree list every advantage is handed over to the foreign producer, and with a duty on sugar every hardship is im posed upon the American consumer. With wool protected every advantage is held for the American producer, and with sugar free every advantage is left to the American con sumer. INCREASED DUTIES. A IJst of tho Articles Upon "Which They Ilaie Been l'laced. Now, as to the goods that remain on the dutiable list, the Republican party under takes to say: First That the effect of its changes in rates will be in no case to increase the cost to the American consumer of a single article which can with any propriety be called a necessary household expense. Second That so far as increased cost to retail buyers is concerned, the people will never know that a tariff bill has been passed. Third-That all this Democratic talk about "increased taxation to the people" is nothing but downright falsehood. Fourth That the consumer will Rppre ciate the existence of a new tariff law only by its results in tbe reduction oi his neces sary household expenses. Undoubtedly many rates have been raised, many remain as they were, many have been lowered. But the claims just made are es tablished by the fact that every increased rate must be placed in one of these five classes: First That which consists in the correc tion of errors. This is n, small class, ren dered necessary by the Inequality in rates between the raw material and tbe manufact ured article, or by Treasury Department regulations, or by a failure in the language of previous acts to express the Congressional will clearly and accurately. The interests of the consumer are affected by this class, if at all, only in an infinitesimal degree. Second That which consists in the revi sion of ad valorem rales where, by reason of the great fall in prices, they have lost their protective value. This is also a small class. It has resulted largely from new and im proved machinery and irom tbe great fall ip transportation prices, so that the moderate ad valorem levied in iormer tariffs no longer nossesses any protective strength, but signi fies less by from 30 to 75 per cent than it signified when originally levied. Third Agricultural products. An im portant and general increase in duties has been provided for all farm products. Tbe tariff of 1883 has been found by experience wholly inadequate for the protection of the farmer. Although, under the protective system, his expenses for necessary supplies, such as farm implements, hardware, cloth ing, drygoods and groceries has been con stantly decreasing, he has been unable to obtain for bis own products a fair living price. Importations of farm products into the United States have increased from 540, 000,000 in 1850 to 526,000,000 in 1889. The purpose of the McKinley bill is to check this importation, aud to hold the American market for the American farmer. Fourth Luxuries, whether their like is produced here or not. Champagnes, bran dies and cigars are illustrations of this class. The theory upon which these articles are made to pay a heavy duty is conceded to be correct, even by the advocates of a "rev enue tariff." It insists that people who can afford such indnlgences can afford to con tribute through them to the support of the Government. Fifth That class of fine manufactured goods hitherto not produced in this country. The American market for these goods has hitherto been conceded to foreigners. They constitute the largest and by far the most important of these five classes. They in clude such articles as fine laces, fine linens, the finest grades of woolen goods, of satins and velvets, and the most highly decorated pottery. The want of protection is the only thing that has stood iu the way of the niaii u acture ot these goods in America. Into their manutacture the elements of human labor enters enormously, and it is the Re publican party's proposition, by imposing such a tariff on the foreign article as will make up lor the difference between Ihe price of labor here and the price of labor abroad, to enable onr people to enter into this new kind of manutacture. NEW rNDTJSTBrES EXPECTED. A Special Reference Made to tho Duty on Tin Plate. This classification of the increased duties throws a bright light on the motives which have prompted the current lies about tbe bill. It is plain that the bill can be profit ably attached only as to this final class of higher tariffs, and as to that class only, by representing that tbe people will have to pay higher prices for their supplies now than formerly. Here, then, is where the attack is being made, and it has taken the nature of an artful, mixing up of tbe va rieties oi goods sold in our market, making the higher tariffs apply to them all indis criminately, whereas they only apply to those of which the manutacture for our mar ket has hitherto been conceded to foreigners. As to these, two things are to be s.ud: First, that in a majority of cases the foreigners are now charging us exorbitant prices; and the new tariff will operate only to maintain these prices nntil our own people can get to work manufacturing; and, second, that all other cases relate to luxuries, to parlor orna ments, the highest class of dress goods, etc., upon which wealthy people cau afford to pay hlzber rates until domestic competition has had its inevitable result The tin schedules will illustrate these points. We are now buyiui: all onr tin plate from England. Last year she sold ns 742,136,640 pounds of tin plate, aud it cost us $21,726,707. In the last 23 years we have sent over to England the tremendous sum of S320.037.362 lor tin plate, every penny ol which might, as well as not, have been kept here in the employment of our own people. We can make our own tin plate just as well as England, if the price can be kept where it is to-day. The English plate is made in Wales, where cheap female labor, costing from 30 to 65 cents a day, is employed. Ou the basis of their net cost, the English are charging us 300 per cent profit on this plate. A common tin cup, lor instance, that retails all over the United States for five cents, cost the Welsh manufacturer only about one and one-third cents. The dinner pail in which the American laborer carries his roll and his coffee, costs the greedy Briton less than 12. A KNEELING NATION is -what Henry T. Finck calls the Japanese. In to-morrow's DISPATCH he giies his reasons for the name. FORMED A COMPANY. The Typewriting Telegraph Machine TVI1I rrobably he a Go Now Pittsburg, New York anil "Western Capital in It It Will Iteaolntlonize Telegraphy. What promises to be a revolution in telegraphy is about to be formally lannched among public jffiirs by a company of men well knowu.as specialists in the advanced science ot printing and thought transmis sion. New York shall have the honor of being thhead center of the business trans actions of this new enterprise, as there is where the inventor of the device has his res idence. When H. H. Byram, the late well known editor, was alive one of his pet schemes was the Wright invention of type-telegraphy, its great possibilities and how in the future an operator in Chicago could on one of these new machines telegraph'a message to New York, and at the same time write out a type-written reproduction of the message. All of this work is to be don'e by one man. Then.it will be seen that if this new sys tem is practicable, one sender, who has con trol of the typewriting device at the other end of the line, can send, and at the same time cause to be accurately and truthfully written, the message he desires to transmit; the only necessary person being some one to fix the sheets 6f paper about to be printed upon by tbe types. A mistake, it is claimed, cannot be made, because a letter will not respond to any motion, except the one that will be controlled (or it. A comriany has been formed with a cap ital stock ot $1,000,000. The stockholders who own tbe controlling interest in this enterprise are Joseph G. Siebeneck. Rob ert H. Camp and John E. Wright, the inventor and patentee, ol New York Citv. In addition to them there are W. H. Smith who ispresidentof tbe company and others with him living iu Chicago, together with business men residing in Cleveland, New York and New Jersey The company is to be chartered under the laws nf the last named State. The Pennsylvania and New York corporation laws were thought to be far to expensive and so New Jersey must be tee borne in law of the enterprise. A WEEK'S HEADING will be secured by all who get to-morrow's 20-Page DIS PATCH. The best writers contribute to IU columns. HYPNOTIC SEAKCE AND WHT CHAPTER I. THE RIVALS. John Kennedy was the very best fellow in the world, and so, when one da7 last week Robert Malton came up to him as be was standing ontside the Grand Hotel, Paris, and said, "Look here, old fello-v, I am very sorry that we have quarreled, and I should like to make it up with yon," he was only too glad to put out his hand, give a hearty grasp, and say, "Wby, we never really quarreled, old chap at least I didn't so there is no need to make anything up. I am heartily glad to see you. Won't you come and dine with me at the Anglais?" John Kennedy was engaged to be married to a very beautiful girl in the North of En gland, a piece of gTeat good lortune for him, for Mabel Sheppard was not only, as has been said, a lady of great personal charms, but enjoyed in her own right a fortune whicb, even in these opulent days, may be accounted as considerable. Such a parti, of course, had been very much run after, and it was not without having to combat in numerable rivals that Kennedy had suc ceeded in his courtship. Among the most fervent admirers of the young lady had been Robert Malton, who has just been in troduced; and at one time it had really seemed that the beautiful Mabel and her thousands would become his. Since the announcement of the engage- ment had been made there had been rather a scene between tbe two rivals. "Why should you come and take her away from me?" cried Malton. "You are as rich as she is. You could have afforded to marry a girl without a penny." Kennedy had answered: "I never thought anything about Miss Sheppard'3 money, but it is certainly no objection to a wife that she has fortune." Rather high words had followed, and tbe two men had separated to meet again, as has been described, by chance outside the Grand Hctel. Half an hour later, as they were sit ing over their dinner in a private room of the Cafe Anglais, Malton said: "I had nothing to do this morning, and so I went with a medical friend to the Charite Hos pital, and heard Dr. Luis delivering bis lecture on hypnotism the queerest lecture I ever heard." "Oh, hypnotism," cried Kennedy; "every body in London is talking about it. I am very much interested in it. Do you believe everything that is said about it?" "I can't form an opinion, as I have not seen any of the experiments. I should say that it is the same thing is mesmerism; aud yet one does read such enrions accounts." "I say, Malton, you would oblige me awlully by taking me to the Charite I should so like to hear one of those lectures. As I have told yon, everybody in London talks about it; it is the topic of the hour, and I feel quite foolish having to sit by and being unable to express any opinion at all. Can you take me to the Charite?" Malton looked up quickly and suddenly; a wicked gleam came into his sharp little eves, as if an infernal thought had struck him. Alter a pause he said: "I do not know, old fellow. You tnow I would like to oblige you I would do anything that I could ior you but I am not sure about be ing able to arrange this for you. Both Luis and Charcot very much object to having strangers that is to say, people who are not students at their lectures; and I only got in by borrowing a card of a friend of mine, so that I passed as a medical student. But I'll tell you what I can do for you; the friend I am telling yon about is one of Dr. Luis' best pupils, and can perferm ex actly the same experiments as the professor himsel. If you would like to have a private hypnotic seance at )our room, or anywhere that yon like, I will get him to come and to briug a couple of subjects with him. He will be only too glad to oblige you. Besides, you will be able to talk to him and ask him all the questions you want; and that, of course, you would not oe ame to ao at tne Charite. "Why, jt's a capital idea," said Kenne dy. "I am very much obliged to you. When do you think you can get him to come? I am tree any evening. Look here, suppose you ask him to come and have din ner with me at the Grand Hotel. After din ner we can go upstairs; he will give me a lecture, and, of course, if there is anything in the way of honorarium I shall be only too delighted. CHAPTER II. THE SEAHCE. The next evening, at 7 o'clock, Malton arrived at the Grand Hotel, accompanied by a tall young man whom he introduced to Kennedy as Dr. Bernard. This gentleman, as it transpired, spoke English very well, so that he was able to converse with his host all through the dinner. He made a very good impression. "I feel quite ashamed to talk to him," whispered Kennedy to Malton "I feel so ignorant by his side." Malton nodded assent, and turned away his head to hide a smile. "Oh." said Malton, "I forgot to tell you that Dr. Bernhard has not been able to bring any subjects with him, but be says that he can experiment.with anybody who likes to volunteer." "But have you power over everybody?" said Kennedy, rather incredulously. "Almost everybody is susceptible to the influence." said tbe doctor. Shortly alterward the party went upstairs to the apartments which Mr. Kennedy occu pied on the second floor of the hotel. Tbe drawing room was lighted and arranged for the reception, and by 10 o'clock all the guests had arrived, Ml 'Wtim&L ilfll. Utw D ; ii,niiii Mi, M) pi - PAGES 9 TO 12. fflME OF IT "Now," said Bernhard, "for tbe experfj mental Dart of my lectnre. Who likes W offer himself?" There was a pause. Nobody seemed in clined to come forward until Kennedy, springing up from his seat, said, "I must give an example; do with we as you like. Bernhard looted at him. "Make up your mind to obey me," he said, "or else the experiment may fail. The more Ilook at you, however, the more I am convinced that you are not an obstinate man. Sit down in that chair, please sol Now close voureyes and go to sleep." Kennedy looked up, glanced around tho room with a smile on his face, then brought his eyes back to those of the operator, closed them and sank back into his chair. "It is no more difficult than that," said the doctor, looking around. "Do you mean to say that he is asleep? cried a lady at one end of the room, in a tone ol unbelief. "Certainly, he is." "I don't believe it," cried several peoplo in a chorus. "Well, then, you will see." Addressing the patient, he said: "You hear me, don't yon?" "Oh, yes," said Kennedy; "I hear yoa very well." "Do you know what is the matter with you?" "No; won't yon tell me?" "You have got a very nasty taste in your mouth that cigar you smoked alter dinner was a bad one; that taste has been bothering v ! m-i W h BwWjMI AW you for the last ten minutes, and you don't know how to get rid of it. I will tell you what to do. Go to that little round table by the fireplace; you will find a basket on it full of peppermint lozenges. Take ono and suck it " The patient obeyed. He rose from his chair, walked across the room, wsnt up to the little card table on which .t baskctfull of ivory counters were lying, took one, put it in his mouth and be g'an sucking it with an expression of very great pleasure. "Iin't that nice, now?" said Bernhard. "Yes." said Kennedy. "But it is rather too strong too much peopermint in it." "Come here," said Bernhard. "Open your month why, you miserable fellow, what have you been doing.' What do you wins: you have got in your mouth? "A peppermint lozenge," said Kennedy. "No, nol it's nothing of tbe sort! it's a red-hot coal; don't you see that it's burning your mouth spit it out, spit it out before your tongue is burnt off!" There could be no doubt whatever of the illusion under which the patient was labor ing, for immediately the operator spoke ot the burning coal, "Kennedy's face, wbich until thsn bad worn a placid expression ot pleasure, became contorted as if with vio lent pain. Everybody agreed that it wonld be impossible for a man to simulate sucn an expression, even if he had been the clever est actor on tbe face of the earth. He spat the ivory counter far irom him, and ran moaning round tbe room, holding his hand to his tongue. "It hurts you doe3 it not?" cried Bern hard. "Oh, fearfullyl" replied the patient with a moan. "I will tell yon what to do," continued the doctor; "you can get rid of your pain at once if you will obey me. There is the fire place, and under the grate there is a great heap of snow; take some, pnt it on your tongue, and your pain will disappear at once." Kennedy darted across the room, stooped down to the grate, canght up a handful of ashes, and was about to carry them to his mouth when the operator, reflecting, cried out,"Oh, never mind tbe fact that you had the snojv in yonr hand will be enough. The pain has gone, has it not?" As he spoke tbe patient's face resumed an expression of intense relief. "Yes," he said, "I don't feel any more pain." "I think that is enough," said Bernhard. "I should like to go on with him, ior he is one of the best subjects I have ever seen but there, I must not abuse." "Now then" addressing the patient "wake up." "What have I been doing?" said Ken nedy a minute afterward, looking round. "Yon don't mean to say that I hare been hypnotized." "Ob, you have," cried several ladies; "you have done the most extraordinary things; I could uever have believed it possi ble." "But I feel nothing," said Kennedy; "all I recollect is a vague feeling oi drowsiness." CHAPTER IIL THE CBISIE. "Who will be the second subject?" said Bernhard. "I will," said Malton, springing up. "And there is one thing. Bernhard, I should like you to try ana force me to do, because I don't believe that any patient, however he may succumb to the influence, can so far lose his consciousness ot what is right and wrong as to commit a crime." "Ob," said Bernhard, "in about nim cases out often the patient, alter a struggle, obeys." "Well," cried Malton, "I defy you to make me commit a crime while I am in the hypnotic state." "Very well," said Bernhard. It took more timeto send Malton off than it had done with Kennedy; but after awhile he succumbed, and, remaining in the cata leptic state, awaited the commands of the operator. Bernard then caught np a news paper, twisted it up into a roll, and handed it to Malton, saying, VMSgf 4 i JWki.A4 - i&&$Aix&d iafe8
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers