IHsSEI gSSSp THE PITTSBURG DISPATCH. PAGES 17 TO 20. THIRD PART. PITTSBURG, SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 7, 1890 GOLOiOlMONDS, Plenty in the Country Controlled by the British South Africa Company A GEM FOUNDED K1MBERLY. The Early Settlement of Mashona land One of the Certainties. CRUELTIES OP KIMi LOBEXGDLA. A Dispatch Correspondent's Trip of 1,200 Miles Behind Oxen. THE DEADLT ASSEGAAI OP THE KAT1T rcoEErsroxDBtat op thx dispatcbi Mafeking, Bechuanaland, ING, BECHUANALANII South Africa, May 10. ) HE British South s African Company was Vfonned for the purpose of entering and settling that part of South Africa situated between 15 and 19 south lati- Tgp - tude and 23" ana - 3T SS'W. tif east lnP'tnde- a" sbon aland is tbe came (-JLwv company has a royal charter and a capital of 4,000,009 (520,000, 000). The organization of this company is due to the energy and enterprise of a prominent Englishman, Hon. Cecil Rhodes by name. Mr. Rhodes was among the foremost to secure control of the diamond mines at Kim berley some 15 years ago. For a number of years past all travelers who have visited Mashonaland have reported that the country was not only extremely rich in gold, but was also an excellent agricul tural land. The climate and numerous riv ers which are found scattered all over Mashonaland were said to be all that could be desired. Such reports, so many and so unanimous in praise of a country hitherto unknown to white men, were certain to at tract the attention of so enterprising a man as Mr. Rhodes, and snch was the case, for about two years ago that gentleman tool: steps which will undoubtedly soon result in the settlement of Mashonaland and the development of its mineral and agricultural resources. A BLACK TYRANT. Mashonaland is ruled by the King of Matabeleland, the country immediately west. This King is Iiobengula, one of the most despotic and cruel rulers of Africa. He has never permitted any white men to touch the gold of Mashonaland, or of his own country, which is also known to con tain much of the precious metal. Many whites have again and again endeavored to obtain a concession from Lobengula, but, so far as I can learn, only two were successful. One of these was the traveler, Baines, who died shortly after receiving his concession. The other man was Mr. Khodes, who in duced Lobengula to grant him the right to develop the mineral resources of Mashona land. For a certain consideration the King willingly attached his mark to the proper papers. Lobengula has always used Mashonaland and the Mashonas, a peaceful and indus trious people, to increase his herds of oxen, and las vast number of slaves. Whenever he chooses he has only to say the word, and one or more of his chiefs or "indunas" will head an "Impi" or company oi raiders and make for Mashonaland to plunder oxen from the Mashonas, kill all people not fit lor slaves and carry others back to Mata beleland to live horrible lives as Loben gula's slaves. From all this the reader will see that the granting of the Bhodes conces sion and the successful South African com pany can only result in a great benefit to' the unlortunate Mashonas. A GREAT SLAUGHTERER. The Matabele tribe is a branch of the Zulus which went northward some 70 or 80 years ago. They have all the warlike spirit and bravery ot the Zulus, and have gradually extended) their territory by plundering neighboring tribes. Some 20 rears ago Mosilkatze, the King of the Mat beles, died and Lobengula, the present ruler, was chosen by the Chiels as King. Loben- HEADQUARTERS OF ONE OF gula is a man about CO years old, and his reign has been characterized as a most bloody and cruel one. Lobengnla has no regard whatever for life. The King kills anvone he wishes at any time he chooses. He has simply to say to some ot his follow ers, "Kill so and so," and the order is at once executed. I was talking with a man who, with sev eral others, visited Lobengula's capital a few years since. These men had a cumber of Lobengula's men and boys working for them. One day they missed one of the best boys and asked the others where the missing servant was. "The King killed him this morning," thev replied. Lati-r when the matter was mentioned to the King, he said that the boy was too smart and was learning the ways of the wniteman too rapidly. This is but one of the many instances which could be given of what occurs almost daily in Matabeleland. AWFUL DEATH OF A BOY. Another case which illustrates the cruelty of the King was reported to me by a mis sionary who lived some years in Matabele land. The Matabeles have a great hatred for the Mashonas, but some months ago there was a Mashona boy, one of Loben gula's slaves, at the King's capital, who was especially disliked by some of the Matabeles, so in order to get rid of him tbey took the usual means oi preferring tome charge against him. Thev went to the King and told him that the Mnsbona boy drank ome of his beer. Anyone who touches the King's beer without his permission is killed. -rT L U V M&sft 1 UV tV-fTV H I ff1 5 1 X mSt Lobengula when told about the Mashona boy. said: "Bring me the boy." The boy was brought before him and was asked by the King: "Did you drink my beer?" The boy being too frightened to deny the charge, which was wholly false, replied: "Yes, King, I drank some of your beer." At this the King took up a knife and with his own bauds, cut off "the hoy's lips and then ordered bis men to cut off his ears. The poor boy was killed in the night. The usual way of killing a person is Ho knock him on tne head with a "bongusa" or club. THE WHOLE RACE CRUEL. But Lobengula is not more cruel and despotic than his people wish him to be. In fact.it is said that he is continually restrain ing his people from taking the lives of many whites who have of late years visited their country. Lobengula's predecessor is said to have advised him as a councilor to always be friendly with the white man. This advice Lobengula seems to have heeded, for he has never been known to take the life of a white man. The Matabeles are very jealous of the presence of white men in their country. THE COMMON TIMBER They only wish to have a few traders, so tbey can obtain things which they use, and missionaries, so they can have medicine' Lobengula allows traders and missionaries to settle in bis country, but no one is per mitted to accept Christianitv. Death is the penalty for so doing. Missionaries have been at work for perhaps 60 years in Matabele land, but they have done absolutely nothing because of the attitude of the rules of the country. I was told by a man who has just spent 10 months at Lobengula's "Court" as interpreter for the British South A friean Com pany, that upon several occasions when he sat by the side-of the King a numberof warriors danced around him, brandishing their assegaais and begging the King allow them to kill him. The King alwavs re fused saying: "No, he is onr friend," and would sometimes add, "I see you wish to kill white men, I will let you kill white men, but you must go and kill them where I tell you. Go to Kimberley and kill as manv as you like. The King said this simply to appease the warriors ior the time being, knowing well that Kimberley or the other places men tioned were a thousand or more miles away, and that it would be impossible for them to do at he was "perfectly willing" they should do. A BIO MAN PHYSICALLY. In concluding this subject a quotation from a letter written by an English Major, One of the Portuguese Ueadquarten. who was one of the bearers of a letter sent by Queen Victoria to Lobengula some months since, may be of interest He says: "The King, whose only clothing consisted of a rng thrown over his lap, weighs over 20 stone (280 pounds). Never have I seen such a brutal, sensual and cruel expression as he has. However, he received "us very well, and after our royal letter had been read and translated, some excellent beef was pro duced, and we were soon busy tearing it up with our teeth and fingers. The King re tired to his capital owing to gout. He is now being attended by witch doctors. Last September and October he killed 400 people, but has never touched a European." I mentioned the assegaai as the weapon of the Matabeles. The assegaai is a spear or javelin of different form, size and weight, according to the tribe to which it belongs, for all South African natives used, or did use until recently, the assegaai as a weapon of defense. It is made of iron, sometimes with a straight and sometimes with abarbed point, so that it cannot be drawn out of flesh which it has pierced. Some tribes poison the tips of their assegaais with an unknown poison so deadly as to canse the death of man or beast which it penetrates. It is said that doctors find it impossible to THE AFRICAN COMPANIES. save the life of anyone who has been wounded with the poisoned assegaais of the bushmen. DUELING THE ASSEGAAI. As may be expected the natives attain wonderfnl skill in throwing their assegaais, It is said that the average native can throw his assegaai with almost perfect .ac curacy a distance of over SO yards and with a force sufficient to canse the weapon to pierce throngh the body of a man. It was the assegaai that proved so deadly to the English troops during the Zulu war. The assegaais are much more to be feared than rifles in the hands of natives. It is the cus tom of natives to creep up 'on an enemy and suddenly rush forth in great numbers aud hurl thousands of assegaais, preserving one for hand to hand combat. This was the case in a horrible masacre of the English In the Zulu war. To return to the British South African Company, the pioneer force ofthis company is now en route to Bechuanaland; it is trom its camp near Mafeking, 900 miles north of Cape Town, that this letter is written. The last detatchment of this force left April IS for Kimberley. the present terminus of the railroad. The train consisted of about a dozen cars or carriages, as they are called in this country. The carriages are made after the manner of those in England, each one containing threo or four apartments which extend the entire width ot the car riage, having doors on both sides. I have been utterly unable to learn or imagine why such "things" shouli be used here in preference to the American coach except that they are English. They do very well for suburban use, but for long journeys they are certainly unfit, and are void of any comforts and conveniences whatever. AIT AMERICAN SEMINARY. Kimberley is 612 miles from Cape Town, hut if you were to takethetrip, not knowing the distance, you would think it to be three times as many miles. The schedule time for this distance is 40 hours. For as many as 70 miles from Cape Town there are numerous small towns and villages. One of the largest and best known of thetowns is "Wellington, in which place is located one of the best female schools in South Africa. This school is a thoroughly American one, for it is modeled after one of the well known seminaries of Massachusetts, and all the faculty are Americans. Its came is the Huguenot Seminary. It has had an exceed ingly prosperous existence and is to-day do ing excellent work, with as many pupils as can be accommodated. Our train reached "Wellington some time before midnight. Early morning saw us crossing a country almost tree less. Many mountains and hills are to CART AND OXEN. be seen from the railroad, and everyone pre sents the same characteristic, that of having flat and level tops which look exactly as though they had been cut off by some artifi cial means. The tops of mountains of the same height appear to be cut off at about the same distance from the base. The geology of this part of Africa as well as that of other parts which I have visited seems to be very interesting. The same may be said of the zoology, botany and anthro pology of Africa. It is ignorance of these branches ot science as well as of the history of Africa that makes it the Dark Continent. STORY OF A DIAMOND. Kimberley was reached at 3 o'clock, April 17. On one summer's day of 1867 a white man going along the road noticed a native boy playing with a brilliant stone which he too'k from him. This stone was afterward found to be a diamond. To-day the spot where that occurred is covered with a city often or twelve thousand inhabitants, all the result of the brilliant stone which the native boy found. A large number of dia monds were found and there are to-daysome half-dozen mines, all doing a large business. The mines are very rich and turn out more diamonds than any others in the world; in fact, so many diamonds have been found that the market is over-stocked, and the supply is cow being limited. . The total value of the diamonds taken from the Kimberley mines has been esti mated at the enormous sum of 3,000,000 peryiar for fifteen years. So the total value is fully 135,000,000. The weight of the diamonds representing this value is about nine tons. The largest diamond ever found weighed 400 carats, but it was cot a first-class stone. Two stones weighing 150 carats each were found, and one of these was valued at ?500,000. The men employed in the diamond mines cumber between 5,000 and 6,000. TRAVELING BEHIND OXEN. Our party left Kimberly for a 250 miles' trip in an ox wagon. All traveling in the in terior of South Africa is dOnein large wagons drawn by oxen. The wagons are very high, heavy and about 20 feet long; three or four tons would be considered an average load where the roads are not too rough. Eigh oxen constitute an ordinary span tor such a load, but often more are required. The journey to Mafeking oceupied 19 teen days, but without delay it should be done in 15. An average ot 18 or 20 miles per day is considered good traveling, or "trek king," to use the Dutch term. Two and a halt miles an hour is as fast time as can bemade with a heavy load, and a "trek" should not last longer than lour hours at a time. The proper time tor "trekking" is in the night. Up to this date we have traveled 250 miles. Alter a few days' rest we shall move again ior a camp 400 miles north of here. Alter another short stop for recrnits. arms and provisions, we begin the final journey to Mashonaland. Our destination is less than 100 miles south of the Zambesi river about 1,000 miles from this place. This makes a distance of 1,200 miles to be trav eled in an ox wagon. Nothing can be said with accuracy concerning the time which will be required for this journey. The fact that there is no road for 600 miles, and the probability of our being compelled to con tend with hostile natives, have to be con sidered. Clakie A. Obr. A LESSON IN OPTICS. Separating n Ray of Unlit Into in Ele ments With a Tumbler. Take a sheet of 'hick paper, cut a narrow slit through it, and hold it in the sunlight so that the image of the slit shall be thrown upon a sheet of white paper placed on a table be neath. At first only a bright image of the slit will appear; but if a tumbler with a plain bottom,one-third f ull of water, held inclined at an angle as shown in the illustration is pla'ced in the path of the beam of light, not only will the course of the beam as a whole be refracted or bent out of a straight line, but the light itself will be more or less per fectly decomposed into its constituent colors, forming a miniature solar spectrum. The effect is rendered more striking by cutting two slits in the paper alongside of An Improvised Liquid JPritm. each other, so that the light passing through one goes direct to the paper screen below, while the other goes by way of the improved prism. Although a dark room with an aperture for the light to enter is unnecessary in this experiment,1 Popular Science JTetos explains that such an arrangement, wherenvailable, would be an improvement. By filling the air with a little smoke or dust the entire course of the beams may be easily traced. UORSFORD'3 ACID PHOSPHATE Par the Tired Brain From over-oxertion. Try It BOLIVIAN WARKIOKS. As Many Officers as Men, and All Arrayed in Motley .Colors. TALES OP A BIBULOUS GENERAL. How He Started Oat One Right to Swim His Army Oyer to France. A POPULAR FOOD MADE FB0M C0EN rCOEEUrONDINCE OP THE DISPATCH. 1 La Paz, Bolivia, August 3. In a land whose institutions are upheld by force of arms alone, soldiers are necessarily o prom inent feature and in La Fax, since the late revolutionary troubles, they seem more numerous than ever. The rebel army, by the way, discouraged by the lack of funds and the refusal of the bank to cash General Camacho's worthless check for J60.000, has temporarily disbanded and for some weeks past a sort of armed peace has prevailed. The rebels, however, are only biding their time, waiting the opportunity to spring upon the Government in some unguarded moment, like a very small kitten upon a very large mouse, in which event there is no telling what the result may be. Military parades are always frequent here. doubtless with a view to impressing the people with their prowess, hut cow hardly a day goes by without a grand dis play of cavalry and infantry, rank and file, evoluting round and round the plaza. Mar tial music is continually in the air. At stated intervals during every day a com pany of soldiers comes sweeping down the hill from one barrack, or up the hill from another, marching behind a brass band in full toot and halting before the Presidont's casa, where they render a selection or two for the delectation of the people. It is only the ceremony of guard-mounting, and al though it occurs every few hours, year in and year out, it is invariably attended by the same flourish of music and musketry. SOLDIERS IN CHURCH. All the soldiers are obliged to attend mass on Sunday mornings, "clean shirt day," as it is irreverently called, and an interesting sight it is to see them come marching in with shining bayonets over their shoulders, each division headed by its officers. They com pletely fill the the body of the church, and the sound of the organ is drowned by the blare of trumpets. At a signal arms are presented, down goes every musket upon the stone floor with a thud which shakes the building and then the men stand mo tionless as statues until the proper time comes to fall upon their knees. In the Bolivian army a great variety of uniform is noticeable, each officer having apparently been allowed to exercise his own taste in the ednipment of his company and amazingly have theirindividual lancies swung out in the matter of personal adorn ments. There are suits in gray and gold, in black and gold, in bine and gold, in blue and red, in black and blue, in gray and black: others all red, all gray, all blue: and caps of various shapes and colors in the same regiment Some of the officers wear long double-caped overcoats of scarlet cloth, others gray cloaks not unlike those of Franciscan friars, and others the graceful satin-lined circulars of black broadcloth characteristic of Spanish Hidalgoes. TIIEIE LOOKS ENOUGH. Without disparaging the valor of Boliv ian soldiers their general get-up reminds one of an historic incident which may per haps illustrate their character. It was many years ago, in some fracas between Peru and Bolivia, when the armies of the two countries rushed forth to battle with banners flying. So splendidly arrayed were they and so stunning an appearance did they make, that when one beheld the other, both sides turned tail and fled in confusion. Gathering courage at leegtb, the rival generals, with such men as they could rally, returned to face one another, keeping at respectful distance and talking through trumpets; when, after considera ble parleying, the war was declared "off," both armies marchine home in triumph with flags unfurled, and to this day the local historians of each country chronicles bis side as victorious. In connection with the difficulty of placing Bolivia's soldiers according to their uniform, it may be men tioned that her amies are composed of about as many officers as men. Thus we see cor porals flourishing about in toggery of colo nels, with pay to correspond; and the leader of oue of the bands wears the full uniform of a general and reeeives the honors and emoluments pertaining to the latter posi tion. A FAMOUS SOLDIER. One of the most distinguished warriors Bolivia has produced was General Melgar cjo, who appears to have been as original in character as be was fearless and determined. Evidently he was designed for those feudal times that have long gone by, and his meth ods would not be tolerated to-day in any civ ilized land. At one time he lived in the big house at the northeast corner of the cen tral plaza of La Paz, which is now the resi dence of the Bishop. He was extremelv fond of 'the rosy," which in bis case not only cheered but inebriated. One day when he had been entertaining a foreign minister and had imbibed considerably more than was prudent, he boasted that his troops were the best drilled in the world and absolutely infallible in the accuracy of their move ment. The statement being received by the guest with polite incredulity, Melgarejo ordered ordered up a company to drill in the patio ot his house. After many curious aud be fore unheard-of evolutions, ho formed them single file and marched them up into the second story front room where the Minister and himself had lately breakfasted, opened a window, directly ip front ot the line and gave the orde "March I" Having no order to halt, every man, accoutred as he was, stalked straight through the window and off the balcony, a drop of 15 feet or more, to the curbing below. A lot of broken bones was the consequence, but the General's "discipline" was proved beyond cavil, the unfortunate soldiers knowing that to falter or disobey meant instant death. LOYAL TO FRANCE. Melgarejo had some French blood in his veins and was very fond oi the land of his ancestors. On the night that news was re ceived in Bolivia of war having been de clared by France against Germany, in 1871, he was, as usual at that hour, more thau "half seas over," and at midnight assembled all the troops in arms in the plaza with or ders to march, but with no hint as to their destination. Great alarm possessed the peo ple, who naturally imagined that some dire peril threatened them from foreign loss. At length Melgarejo himself halted in front of his Drave men ana addressed iheci, with (voice of thunder, with these memorable words: "Soldiers, the integrity of France is threatened by Prussia. Whoever threatens France threatens civilization and liberty. I am going to protect the French who are our best friends and whom I love as my own countrymen. You are going across the ocean with me. If there is not a vessel in readi ness we will swim to meet one; but let every man take care uot to wet his ammunition." Neither officers, men nor citizens dare venture a word of protest and with Melgar ejo at the head of the column, they filed out of the city. Meanwhile, a pouring rain came on, and thunder and lightning added terror to the scene. Near the cemetery the troops were obliged to halt to recover breath. Here the Cabinet Minister, who bad been sent out to make one more efiort to dissnade Melgarejo from the mad enterprise, came no with him: and the General, his ardor having been somewhat dampencd.and his in-1 toxication subdued by a thorough wetting, consented to return; and cheerfully ordered the soldiers back to their barracks. A HISTORIC PROCLAMATION. A thousand tales are told of this singular man. That he was not altogether cruel is proved by his conduct after the battle of Tetanias, in January of 1866, on which oc casion his army routed the constitutional forces under General Castro Arguedas. In the midst of the field, with the dead and dying around him, the victorious Mel garejo, using a drumhead for a table, wrote that historic proclamation beginning, "Men of Bolivlal The smoke of gunpowder has purified the political atmosphere." A great many prisoners had beeu taken ; among them a number of prominent officers. They were confined to the prison of Loreto, that place ot somber memories where, a few years before, the ex-President of the Re public. Jorje Cordova, and his political associates were sacrificed by the ferocity of the commander of the department, Colonel Placido Yanes, whose came, meaning. tranquil, does not seem to have been very well applied. On the day after the battle, Melgarejo, mounted on horseback, made bis way to the plaza of Loreto and ordered all the prisoners to be brought before him and placed in a row. Knowing the charac ter of the man, this order was received by the prisoners .as their death sentence, and the people of the place, overcome with ter ror, expected to witness a horrible scene of bloodshed and vengeance. MELGAHEJO'S REVENGE. The prisoners were filed out, among them many of Melgarejo's army, who had fled lrom his stern rule and joined the enemy on the pay of battle. When the row was formed, every wretch expecting instant death, General Melgarejo approached and contemplated them, with a gaze that froze the blood in their veins. He said: "So these are my opponents; these are the curs who thought to conquer Melgarejol Away with you, ye vermin, ye offscouriugl Slink back to your homes and return cot to seek quarrels with me. Dedicate your miserable lives inthe future to the service of your families. Away with you, ye carajo dema gogues!" (Corajo is the worst swear word in the Spanish language.) It is needless to add that the prisoners skedaddled, fleeing through the streets in all directions, like so many frightened deer, fearing that the great General might change his mind before they were out of reach. Melgarejo then took up his position in the village of Viache, where in the public square he signed, upon a cannon, the cele brated decree of convocation which assem bled a National Convention in the follow ing August. He then and there announced his intention to make a triumphal entry into the city of La Paz mounted, not on his stately Holofernes, but astride the same cannon on which he had written the decree, and he actually carried out the programme to the astonishment and terror of the inhab itants. A NATIONAL FAILING. As further illustrative of a phase of life in Bolivia, it may be delicately hinted that while the poor Indians are notorious for stealing small things never under any stress of temptation or opportunity taking articles of value the Cholos, and even some members of the so-called "best society," are thieves. At public balls and private 'parties the ton must be secretly watched; and in spite of all precautions it frequently hap pens that spoons, napkins, and costly-bric-a-brac are surreptitiously appropriated. Not long ago a young man, who is prominent in me nignest circle of society here, had a valuable diamond pin stolen. He was cer tain who the thief was, but said nothing about his loss. At the very next ball ne beheld his diamond blazing on the shirt front of the gentleman whom he had sus pected; when he walked up to him, partner on arm, and. withontany attempt at privacy said lo him, "You have my diamond pin, senor: I will thank you for it." "Oh, well," nonchalantly replied the thief, "it's all right; I'll return it to-morrow." And he did. A PICTURESQUE PEOPLE. Our party has been mueh interested of late in accounts of the Yuracares. a tribe of wild Indians who inhabit the eastern frontier of Bolivia. They wear but one gar ment, a sort of a shirt made from the bark of a tree, the bark being beaten thin until it resembles cloth. They paint these shirts in all kinds of grotesque figures, using bright colors extracted trom the various dye plants. On state occasions the cacique also wears a pig tail made from the 'Shells of nuts, the backs of green beetles and gay feathers from parrots and macaws; beside which he and his people further enhance their beauty by painting black rings around their arms and legs. One would think that catnre had made them dark enough, but they evidently entertain a different opinion, and make use of a kind ot fruit like an apple, which, when rubbed on the skin, turns it black as ink. Then they redden their cheeks with the jnice of a berry and paint scarlet riugs around the eyes and month. From each ear a silver coin is sus pended; around the neck is a string of beads and berries, with a bird's wing or claw of some wild animal for a pendant. As a proof that they are rather prond of their appearance, each carries a bag contain ing a few articles for use in adorning him self, a comb made from thongs of the palm tree; a quantity of the fruit and berries for painting the skin black and red; a pair of pincers (wbich are nothing but two mussel shells) tor pulling out any superfluous hair that makes its appearance; a snuffbox made from a snail shell, aud the musical instru ment ot which he is most fond the polished bone from a stork's leg or that of a monkey, which, being round aud hollow, answers very well for a flute orwhietle, especially as it is noise he desires, and not a tune. THEIR CHIEF FOOD. The chief sustenance of these Indians is chicha made of the cassava root, (yucca) boiled and then partly chewed by tho women, afterwhich it is mashed b'e'tween stones and left to ferment. On the third day it becomes a little sharp in taste, which quality increases as the lermentation pro ceeds. Its consistency and appearance are much like mashed potatoes, and to prepare it for drinking, a lump the size of your fist is taken iu a dirty hand and kneaded in n gourd of water until well mixed. "Then all the coarser fiber which floats on the surface is removed with the fingers, and the bev erage is considered "fit ior the gods." Those who have so far overcome their natural prejudice against the bangs and fingers of the squaws as to taste it, report that it is both palatable and wholesome. I can testify from experience that the civi lized chicha of Peru and Bolivia, the uni versal beverage of the lower classes, is good enough for anybody. There are many ways of making it in different parts of South America. The most common method is to put the shelled corn, uncooked, into large, square holes dug iu the jfround cot deeper than six or eight inches, the top and bottom being well covered with a layer of clean straw. Water is then poured on several times every day, and iu the course of a week or two the corn begins to sprout. When these shoots have grown about an inch long, the corn is taken out, crushed between stones, put into barrels and lermented with water and honey. Chicha is cot intoxica ting unless taken in inordinate quantities, bnt is mildly exhilarating, and among the poorer classes, in a measure, takes the place of food. Fannie B. Waed. Disinfecting Candlex. Of late.owing to its germicidic power, the vapor of bromine has come into use as a disinfectant. One of its compounds can be dissolved in any desired quantity in the fat or wax of candles, before they are run into the molds. The result is a caudle or night light which in shape and appearance re sembles an ordinary candle, but differs from it in that when burnt it produces free bro mine vapor, at the same time emitting the usual amount of light Hygienic iodine night lights are also made, which, on burn ing, liberate iodine vapor in any required quantitr, in the same way as the bromine lights liberate bromine. , SPORT IN AUSTRALIA. Exciting Chase After the Timid and Fleet-Footed Kangaroo. TflEY OUTfiUN TEE BEST HORSES. Th.6 Swift Emu Which Bipa Opart Dog and Men With Its Claw. KIELIKG THE IGUANA WITH SPEAKS iwcrmtN ion the bispatch.1 "With horn and hound we'll hunt the deer." It's a cheery chorus, this old song ot stout-lunged, big-limbed hunters; its ac companiment is the rich bay of distant packs in chase and the expectant whimper of the hounds in leash; it echoes the sharp twang of twisted brass; it calls for breezy uplands, for soft grass and open woods. Anyone can picture to himself the English hunting scene which the chorus illustrates. It is cot American, of course, but it is familiar. More English than the English them selves, the Australian colonists hnut to the very last man of them. Their topsy-tnrvey land has neither deer nor fox; neither grouse nor partridge. They have neither baying hounds nor sonorous blare of horns, but they do have the obi English traditions handed down through hunting generations. The characteristic animal of Australia is the kangaroo. He is like the fox in all that makes him worth hunting. He is vermin when allowed to live, he has no use when dead, no more than Reynard; he is swift on the hoof, he is fall of strategy, he puts to the test the endurance of men and dogs and horses. Therefore, is the kangaroo in high est favor with the Centaur race of English men which is growing up beneath Southern stars. A SIMPLE BUTCHERY. They have a phrase which oue will never hear elsewhere. "Boll up" is colonial idiom for an invitation to all neighbors within a radius of several hundred sparsely settled miles to come together for a few days' pleasant meeting. Men and boys and blackfellows ride ont in the afternoon a score ol miles away and form a line of beaters as far as they can extend in open order. During the night their dogs, well trained to the sport, drive the wandering kangaroo within the beaters' line. At daybreak the horsemen begin to drive the great hoppers before them toward the wide opening of the fences, the dogs oper ating between the riders and the best trained of all covering the bare flanks. At first one sees here and there a blue or black animal hopping out of sight among the trees or out lined upon the edge of the plain. But as the chase continues the kangaroos are more numerous, the horses take the hunting fever as they see before them a mad stampede. The fences are reached, the stampede be comes a living stream of terrified animals crowded closer and closer on the ever car rowing way; at last they pour into the in closnre panting and worn, tbey look about them from their gentle eyes and see nothing but the shouting mob of men who stand upon the fences and club the beasts to death. The drive is sport if only there were not that trap at its further goal; the end is simple butchery. AN OPEN CHASE. The kangaroo can give better sport than in the drive, a chase in which it has an even chance for Its Hie, a chase venturesome enough to satisfy the most danger loving. The timid animal sniffs danger, takes alarm and starts across country in long graceful leaps which teem almost tireless. Horse and hounds follow on his track, no slight barrier will cause the little leaper to swerve from his path, few leaps can the chase make in which the pursuer will cot rival him. Miles fly backward under bopping legs and running legs alike until after a burst of 15 or 20 miles one begins to fail or the other. It is a fair chance. None but Australian dogs and Australian horses can enter the chase. There is not another strain of horseflesh trained to jump an almost invisible wire fence without kill ing the rider. Brought to bay with its bark against a tree the kangaroo has no longer fear of dogs Or men and oiten does deadly work with the single steely claw which arms each hind foot It is common to see dogs ripped opened from breast to hannch and fatal accidents to men and horses are by no means of rare occurrence. KICKS LIKE A MAN. Equal sport and equal danger are afforded by the emu, great wingless birds a little smaller than the ostrich and covered with feathers like tags of twice. In speed there is little difference between emu and kanga roo and they are each armed with a single sharp claw on each foot There is this dif ference, however: The kangaroo kicks like a horse, the emu like a man. The bird is not such a coward; he will run until he thinks that he has run far enough and then he will boldly attack his pursuer. When a hunter is chased by a kicking emu he needs a good horse aud good management to come victorious out of the encounter. Dogs are worse than useless, becanse an emeu will seldom run from them, but shows fight at once. Upon the plains roam packs of dogs which are neither dogs nor wolves, but something of both. They have not courage enough to attack a man nor cowardice enough to shun him. Tbey are as wary as antelopes and it calls for skill in stalkingto get within ranee, but after the first shot the furious pack will snarl about the hunter without ever opce at tempting to tear him, and thus he can kill them all. SPEARING THE LIZARD. There is a great and distressingly ugly looking lizard to be found on the bare plains, the iguana or, as it is common! r called, the "gowanna." Though large, it is, lite all lizards, devoid of venom and in no way has a disposition corresponding to its unpleasant exterior; furthermore, it possesses the advantage ot being excellent eating, which is more than can be said of most Australian game. It lives under ground in burrows which are a trap to a horse's legs and a rider's integrity ot limb. Perhaps because of this manifest danger it is considered great sport to hunt the gowanna on horseback and with spears much as one goes pig sticking. In the hot sunlight the great lizard crawls from its burrow and wanders often far from its hole in search of the insects and small animals on which it feeds. When chased it will enter no hole but its own home, and as it ruus very swiltly the attempt to spear it is a short and very exciting one. The story runs that it was a keen desire for true English sport that led some early colonists to introduce the rabbit in Australia. In the pacers of Melbourne, Sydney, Adelaide will be found scores of advertisements, each headed in black letters: "Gentlemen and sportsmen, attention." The announcement runs that the under signed, and he is multitude, has accommo dation for anywhere from half a dozen to a score of sporting gents, will supply them with the best ot food, will place at their dis posal guns of the best make and standard ammunition, and will give them the amount of the bounty on every scalp in cash, thus saving them the bothe'r of collection, if they only will come out to his run iu the country and kill some of his rabbits. William Churchill. Ho Told the Train. NewYorjctVorld. ' Wife (who had money) Yes, before I married you you said I was all you cared for in tbe world and you t-ould fairly eat me. Husband (tenderly) And since that tragic event, my dear, have I not been-liring off of you and getting fat? A NOVEL DEALING WITH GOTEMPORARY LIFE. WBITTEN TOE THE DISPATCH, BY WILLIAM BLACK, I Author of "A Princess of Thule," "Sunrise," and Many Other Stories of the Highest Reputation on Tufo Continents, SYNOPSIS OF PREVIOUS CHAPTERS. The story opens at Piccadilly with aeed Georga Bethune and his granddaughter, MaJsrle, on their way to the residence of Lord Musselburgh. The old gentleman is of a noble Scotch honss and claims to have been defrauded of his property rights. Iow he is engaged In preparing for the publication of a vnlnme of Scotch-American poetry, and his errand to Lord Mnsselbarg is to procare assistance from him. Maisrie Is just bnddin; Into womanhood and feels humiliated when her grandfather accepts 50 from Lord Mnsselbure. On the way home she asks her grand father when he will begin the work. She receives an evasive answer which evidently convinces her that her grandfather i3 not in earnest At last she begs her grandfather to allow her to earn a living tor the two. He refuses in his proudest vein. Intimating that people should feel highly houored to have tbe opportunity to assist the family of Bethune of Balloray. Young Yin. Harris overheard the conversation at Lord Musselburg's residence and became strangely Interested in the young girl. He had been trained for a brilliant political career; his father is very rich and given to Socialistic ideas. Vin. is still studying and finds' an excuse in tbe interruptions at his father's house to seenre a suite of rooms just across the street from Maisrie's borne. He has an aunt, Mrs. Ellison, who 13 jast now busy impressing him with the Importance of securing -an American wife for himself, Intimating that the bride will not be without a liberal dowry if Vin. marries a girl of ber choice. At his rooms Vin. is greatly touched by Maisrie's tunes on tho violin, and straightway he secures a piano on which he answers her plaintive notes. This at last leads to a formal introduction of the young people. Vin. invites the pair to visit Henley Repatta. At the regatta Sirs. Ellison is prevailed upon by Vin. to meet tbe Bethunes. She studies them intently, and intimates on part ing that she has been compromised by tbe visit Maisrie makes no effort to conceal from Mrs. Ellison their poverty or social standing. Mrs. Ellison consults Lord Mnsselbnrgb and comes to the conclusion that George Bethune and his daughter are after Vln's money. She starts out to save him, but Maisrie wins her with a song. In order to make possible atonr of Scotland with the Bethunns. young Harris writes to an American editor to learn if the ma terials for Mr. Bethune's book could not be collected by a clerk, thus savins the old man his proposed ocean journey. He is astonished to receive in reply a letter stating that a work snch, as Mr. Bethune proposed is on tbe eve of publication in America, and worse yet that Mr. Bethune knows all about It. It almost convinces Vin. that his old friend is a flrst-classs fraud in having solicited aid for a work he could not possibly bring out. Still ho has no doubts of Maisrie's honesty, and at last asks old George Bethune if ho may make it his business to pro tect her. CHAPTEBX. BY NORTHERN SEAS. Here, in front of the great, square, old fashioned Scotch mansion, which was pleas antly lit np by the morning sun, stood the family wagonette which had jnst been filled by those of the house-party wbo were hound for church; and here, too, in the Bpacious porch was Mrs. Ellison, smiling her adieux with rather a sad air. "Goodby, dear," said her kindly hostess. "I hope you will have got rid of your head ache by the time we get back." And there with the carriage was driven away along the pebbled pathway, through an avenue of magnificent wide-spreading elms. Then the tall and graceful young widow, who carried a hook in her hand, glanced around her. There was no living thing near except a white peacock that was solemnly stalking across tbe lawn. Mrs. Ellison strolled toward a hammock slung between two maples, and stood there for a moment, and considered. Should she attempt it? There was no onlooker, supposing some .slight accident befell. Finally, however, her courage gave way; she returned to the front of thjc house; and took possession of a long, low lounging chair, where she could sit in the sun, and yet have the pages ot her book iu shadow. There was a footfall behind her. Lord Musselburgh made his appearance, smoking a cigarette. "Why," said she, with a prettily affected surprise, "haven't you gone to church? I made sure you had walked on." "How could I leave you ajl hy yourself," said the young man, with tender sympathy, "and you suffering lrom a headache?" Then she professed to be vexed aud im patient. "Ob, do go away to churchl" she Baid. "You can be in plenty ot time, if you walk fast enough. If you stop here you know what will go on at lunch. Those Drexel THEY SAT ON THE girls csn look mora mischief than any other 20 girls could say or do." "Oh, no," said he plaintively, "don't send me awayl Let us go for a walk, rather. You know, a woman's headache is like her hat she can put it on or off when she likes. Cornel" "I consider you are very impertinent," said she, with something of offended dignity. "Do you think I sbanimed a headacho in order to stay behind?" "I don't think anything," said he, dis creetly. "Yon will be saying next that it was to have this meeting with you?" "Why, who could dare to imagine such a thing?" "Oh, very well, very well," said she, with a sudden change to good nature, as she rose from the chair. "I forgive you. And I will be with you in a second." She was hardly gone a couple of minutes, hut in that brief space of time she had man aged to make herself sufficiently pictur esque; for to the simple aud neat gray cos tume which clad her tall and slim and ele gant figure she had added a bold sweeping hat of black velvet and black feathers, while round her neck she had wound a black boa; its two long tails depending in front. Thus there was no color about her save what shone in her perfect complexion, aud in the light and expression of her shrewd, and dangerous, aud yet grave and demure Llue eves. "And really and franklv," said she, as tbey left the bouse together. "lam not sorry to have a chance of a quiet talk with you; for I want to tell you about my neohew; I am sure you are almost as much interested jn him as I am; and you would be as sorry as I could be if anything were to happen to him. And I am alraid something is going to happen to him. His letters to me have entirely changed of late. You know how proud Viu is by nature aud scornful, too, when you don't act up to his lofty standard; and when I ventured to hint that he might keep bis eyes open in dealing with that old mountebank and his pretty granddaughter, ohl the tempestuous indignation of my young gentleman! He seemed to think that a creature such as I filled witb such base suspicious was not fit to live. Well, I did not quarrel with my handsome boy; r Tfltt T wtlA n A mi fa A lif w mr4 Aim l.dain of me; it was part of the singleness of I his nature; for he believes everybody to be as straigntlorward aud sincere as himself; and he has a very fine notion of loyalty to ward bis friends. And vindictive, too, the young villain was; I can tell you I was made to feel the enormity of my transgres sion; I was left to wallow in that quagmire of unworthy doubt in which I had volun tarily plnnged myself. So things went on; and I could only hope for one of two things either that he might find out something about those people that would sever his con nection with them, or that his pasting fancy for the girl would gradually fade away. I made sure he would tire of that oracnlar old humbug; or else he would discover there was nothing at all behind tbe mysterious eyes and the tragic solemnity of that artful young madam. Ob, mind you," she con tinued, as they walked along under the over-branching maples, amid a rustle of withered October leaves, "mind you, I don't suspect her quite as much as I suspect the venerable Druid; and I dou't recall any thing that I said about her. I admit that she1 begiamoured me with -her singing of a French-Canadian song; but what is that? what can you tell ot anyone's moral or mental nature from a trick of singing the thrill of a note some peculiar quality of voice? Why, the greatest wretch of a mau I ever knew bad the most beautiful, inno cent, honest brown eyes tbey could make .you believe anything all the women said he. was so good, and so diSerent from other men well, I will tell you that story some other time I found out what tbe honesty of the clear brown eyes was worth." Here she was interrupted by his having to open an iron gate for her. When they passed through, tbey came In sight of a solitary little bay of cream-white sand, touched here and therewith russet weed, and ending in a series of projecting rocky knolls covered with golden bracken; while before them lay the wide plain of tbe sea, ruffled into the intensest blue by a brisk breeze from the north. Still further away rose the great mountains of Mull, and the long stretch of the Morven hills, all of a faint, etherial EDGE OF THE ROCKS. crimson brown in the sunlight, with every glen and watercourse traced iu lines of purest ultramarine. They had all this shining world to themselves; and there was an absolute silence save for the continuous wbisperof the ripples that broke along the sand and the rocks at their feet; while the indescribable murmur the strange inarticu late voices of the greater deep beyond seemed to fill all the listening air. "And I might have known I was mis taken in Vin's case," she went on, absently. "He was never the one to be caught by a pretty face, and be charmed with it for a time, and pass on and forget. He always kept aloof irom that kind of thing perhaps with a touch of impatient scorn. No; I might have known it was something more serious; so serious, indeed is it that he has at last condescended to appeal to me fancy thati fancy Vfn coming down from his high, horse, and appealing to me to be reasonable, to be considerate, and to stand his friend. And the pages he writes to persuade met Keally, if you were to believe him, you would think this old man one of the most striking and interesting figures the world has ever seen so tearless in his pride, so patient in his poverty, s6 -stout-hearted in his old age. Then his splen did enthusiasm about fine things in litera ture; his magnanimity over the wrongs ha has suffered; his pathetic affection for his granddaughter and his tender care of her why, you would take him to be one of the grandest human creatures that ever breathed the breath -of lifel Then about tbe girl; don't I remember La Claire Fontaine? Ob, yes, I remember La Claire Fontaine and little elsel You see, that is just where the trouble comes in as regards my nephew. Hardheaded as he is, and brusque of speech sometimes, not always he is just stuffed lull of Quixotism; and I daresay it is pre cisely because this girl is shy aud reserved, and bos rather appealing eyes, that he im agines all kinds of wonderful things about her, and has made a saint of her, to ba worshiped. A merry lass, with a saucy look and a clever tongue, would have no cbance with Vin; he would stare at her perhaps only half disguising his contempt; and then, it you asked him what he thought of her he would probably say, with curl ot the lie, 'Impertinent torn boy 1' But when he comes to speak of this one, why, yon would think that all womanhood had undergone some prooasj oi lf " ' 3 1 A i m 1 m i t
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