, . ljjlii -i -.. ,, lVTrmtBXMk' "'"MaisnwgCT!!iagatmMamiKjMt 'li" Wff iffltflTM .MHLali.HHMinilMlimlWHoHLMHa tP- 75JpaR3vPr5P'V- THE PITTSBU SECOND PART. BimilRHHJl"'WB " r'v-T.-' " ' w "T-JMUHWI WJWU "P,"'"3r "wfrT' '' " -v.irwr- ,-wWjp ' ' -WR-TOfrr -- --!'"' rT"rvvvr ''rrrt" f -' i-";T1"vn r"- ' ," V"1 , . ' , " W. EJ2,!V;T . ' rTMJBftIWa 1 T'W,!,V,, '"' ". V1 -".",-, " . ,- - j T i--n.j . DISPATCH. PAGES 9 TO 16. i r i - w BIG MOIEYMAKERS. Bich Men of the United States Senate and the Investments That Made Their Fortunes. STIKFOED'S IDEAS ABOUT HOBSES. How Son Cameron Let the Chance or His Life Slip Away by Sot Accepting; Telephone Bell's Offer. TELLEE'S TALE OF BAD SPECULATIONS. Soma Bare Hade Money Steadily and Others Eire Been Cp and Down Many Tints. rC07JXErOKIEKCS OF THE DISPATCH. 1 WASHINGTON, July 8. HE millionaires of the United States Senate are among the smartest money makers of the country. Evry one of them appreciates a good speculation, and during the past fix months the fortunes of most of them liaTe been proving like Jonah's gourd. Senator Stauford, before he left for Europe, gave minute instructions as to tbe sale of his horses on the Palo Alto farm and he has concluded to hold his Electioneer colts for a rise. On this stock farm Stanford has 125 stallions, ICO brood mares and 230 fillies and gelJinrs, each of which is worth a fortune nnd the poorest of which will brine more at a horse auction than a clerk's yearly Balary. Stauford began his horse breeding, he once told me, ior his health, cot interested in it and kept it up until he made it pay. He has certain plans and theories of breeding stock peculiar to himself and when he first advanced these the other horse breeders of the United States laughed at him and called him ''Crazy Stanford." A few years' experiment and the excel lency of his stock showed them that he was right, and he now gets the highest prices in the country. One of his theories was that during certain seconds of every race the trotting horse had AIL HIS FEET OFT THE OEOUND it the same time. This was sneered at until Stanford employed the photographer, Muy Tiridge, to test the matter with a score of t cameras. The result proved that Stanford was correct, and the experiment formed the foundation of instantaneous photography. Stanford published a book about the matter which cost him $40,000 for 1,000 copies, and this is tbe costliest horse book ever pub lished. Standford's income is by no means con fined to horse breeding prpfits. He has miles of vineyards and farms, railway and steamship stock, and he receives every year at least $4,000,000 from his investments. He makes a good turn every now and then in speculation, and not long ago while riding across the Potomac to Arlmcton he stopped his horse at the end oj tbe George townjrbridge, and, looking up and down the river, told his private secretary to buy all the land he could see from that point on the Virginia side. The private secretary upon inquiry found it would take two years at least to perfect he titles and get hold of tbe property. Senator Stanford then said he would drop the matter, as he had enough on hand and his fortune was so large tbat it would not pay him to bother to increase it. Had tbe land beea bought he would have built a railroad into Virginia and have laid ont a big suburb on the Potomac Heights. He saw there was money in it, but he did not care to worry about it It was the same when he was in Turkey some years ago. The Sultan wanted him to build railroads and he replied that he would have jumped at the chance if he had been younger and poorer. He is said to be worth $100,000,000, and bis first money was made peddling horse-radish. STETVAET ASD HIS 'WEALTH. Senator Stewart, of Nevada, is at thehead of the California syndicate which is now putting millions into Washington suburban real estate. They have bought the land by tbe acre and will sell it by the square foot. They have a number of bills before Con gress authorizing them to build railroads through it, and they are asking about 600 per cent advance on the money they paid to the farmers. Senator Stewart rolls in money. Still, he looks more like a farmer than a millionaire, and his rosy face 1ms none of the signs of the dissipated life of the very rich. He has blue eyes, a beard of straw-colored silver, and his bald head is fringed with fuzzy white hairs. He has, it is said, $200 laid by for every one of these hairs, and though he has lost several for tunes he is again on top. He still holds the big castle which he built opposite Blaine's, Stanford and Stockbridae Love Bona. and this is now rented for $10,000 a year to the Chinese Legation, One of Stewart's first investments was tbe selling ot coon skins, and he made this pay as a boy. Senator Teller, of Colorado, makes $10,000 a year out of his law practice and he has lost ai many fortunes as any man in the Senate, he has numerous investments in mines which may jump into millions any day and though he is at present a compara tively poor man, he is one of infinite possi bilities. I chatted with him last night about his money-making experiences. Said he: TELLER'S TALE OF -WOE. "One of my first investments after going to Colorado was the buving of a mine for $12,500. My profits out of the sale of it Trere more man $100,000 and that sale mined me. It was enough to ruin any man to make $100,000 in three days. This was 80 years ago and now in 1890 I do not sup pose that all my propertyumlertbe hammer Tronla tell for more than $100,000. The in YestmentsI have are unproductive and mv income outside of the Senate is small i am otten classed with the Denver million aires, but in these estimates a man is charged witn having $10 where he has hut erne. . TTot instance my immense ranch in Southern Colorado the reports state that it take 125 miles of fence to surround its fields j .-Its I IT Ip7 (JkfW and that its area embraces thousands of acres. This is true. It contains 16,000 acres, hut we paid $1 25 an acre for it and the original purchase did not amount to more than $20,000. We paid $7,000 more for some additional lands which connect it with tbe river and cive us water, but at present nothing but grass will grow on the ranch and it is worth practically nothing until it is irrigated. "It will cost- $500,000 to make the right kind ot a ditch to irrigate it, and when this ditch is made it may be worth something. Then my mining prop erties may be worth a great deal and may be worth nothing. All that I know is that they bring in no income to speak of at present As to farm lands I hive 12,000 acres in Illinois. I was offered $75 an acre for 500 acres of it some vears aco, but I do not thick it would bring 50 an acre under the hammer to-day, and tbe whole farm would not sell at auction for 540 an acre. I bought a large part of this farm lor my father and paid a good price for it Some of it I have owned lor a generation.and I keep it because I bought it with some of the first money I ever made. CNLTJCKT IN HOTELS. "Then I have a hotel and a bank at Cen tral City, Col. I own the furniture of the hotel, and every year or so one of the tenants gets $2,000 or $3,000 behind and leaves. It then costs me a couple of thousand dollars to refurnish it, and the result is that the taxes, the furniture and the repairs eat up the income from it" "Yes." continued the Senator in response to my question, "I have had a number of chances to make money by investments, but as I told you about the $900,000 I lost by not going into a mining speculation, I have lost other chances equally good. 1 do not sup pose there is a man in the Senate who can not say the same thing. I have had one principle, however, which has perhaps aided me in keeping me poor. I have never allowed my name ol Senator to be used as a uirector of any institution in which I was not financially interested and to the support of which 1 did not pay as large a proportion as any omer meinour oi wie corporation, j. once lost a couple of hundred thousand dol lars by not being in! Denver one day. A man whom I knew wanted to sell his min ing property. He was a friend of mine and he came into the odce and told my partner that he was willing to cive the option on it ior 30 days for $125,000, and that I could have all that 1 made over this in the sale. Had I been in I would have jumped at the chance, for I knew that the property was worth a great deal more than the amount stated. I was up in the country, however, and the man being in a hurry, handed it over to some one else. It was sold inside of three weeks for $375,000 to Jerome B. Chaf fee. Mr. Chaflce afterward told me that be was sorry I had not gotten the sale, and he complimented me by saying that he would rather have given me the extra $250,000 than the other fellow. SHEEMAN ACCEPTS ALL CHANCES. In this connection, perhaps, no man has taken more advantage of his chances in a legitimate way than Senator John Sherman. Sherman was sitting yesterday afternoon just next to Senator Teller. He was dressed in a pepper-and-salt suit, and as I looked at him he did not seem a day older than when I came to Washington seven years ago. It was at this time that he made his big specu lation in suburban real estate here, out of which gossips ay be made a clear $200,000. Slewai I and Sherman. He has been investing in other properties since then and everything he touches seems to turn into gold. He does not allow his money to lie idle and as Senator Palmer once said of him, he likes to make a good speculation as much now as he ever did. It would be impossible for a man like Sherman to remain poor. He is cautious and conservative, and though not stingy, he is economical. , He knows a good thing when be sees it and is not afraid to take hold of it His property at ManBfield.Ohio, has been inereasme in value right along and he lately gave a part of it to the city as a park and this materially increased the value of that which remained. He has a number of good renting houses in Washine ton, has bank stocks scattcrea here and there over the country and was for tim one of the directors ot the Pittsburg, Fort Wayne and Chicago Eailroad. He is, how ever, more of an investor than a speculator. He commenced life by making it a prin ciple to save 500 a year. He is a man of extraordinary intellectual ability, and he has added to his intellectual capital bv the same methods that he has increased his money pile. He has undoubtedly an in come ol $1,000 or so a month outside of his salary, and though he never talks about his money he has long been classed with the millionaires. A MAX OF UPS AND DO'WNs. Senator Jones, of Nevada, is perhaps the most active speculator of the Millionaires' Club. He has had a score of ups and downs antt when he was elected to the Senate in 1872 he was worth $5,000,000, a large part of wrncn came out oi me uomstocK lode which made tbe fortunes of Flood and O'Brien MacKay and Fair. Shortly after this he went into a speculation with Senator Stewart and lost nearly all he had. He started a watering place near Los Angeles, Cal. which never paid, and he built a Turkish' bath in San Francisco, which lurther de pleted his fortune. He then put all he had left in the Sierra Nevada mine, the shares of which at once drppped down to nothing and a few months later began to rise, and got up to 215. The bubble then burst, and Jones who had held on to his stock, was again worth nothing. After numerous other adventures.in which he made and lost, he became interested in tbe Alaska mines, near Sitka, ont. r i,;i. he is now getting immense profits. I do not know just how many thousand dollars a month these mines are turning ont but they yield the Senator several hundred thousand dollars every year, and he is again a million aire. Like most of the Western millionaires, he has a large estate in California a .V. grazing and larming lands at Santo Monica embrace 32,000 acres. He is a very simple man in his habits, and lives very quietly at Washington in a house lacing Scott Circle which he recently bought from Stilson Hutchins, the old editor of the Washington Pott. H22AEST SELDOM LOSES. Senator George Hearst has an income amounting to hundreds ot dollars a day and like Jones, he has one of the biggest farms in the West There are 40,000 acres in his estate at San Luis Obispo and tbe Senator has some fine stock upon it He has mines all over the country, Irom coal mines in West Virginia to silver mines in Mexico. He is the chief owner of the San Andres gold mine of Mexico, which is quoted at $5,000,000 in the London market, and he is said to be one of the best Judges ot mines in tbe country. He has at times em ployed more than 2,000 men is working his ? mtfm III I ) DSM Hit i J" I THfitflTl ft YE 1 jLl jvoa ai.eJ ys jb If Yiwj f mines, and he is one of the few men who continuously make and seldom lose. His son owns the San Francisco Examiner and hfs wife is one of the accomplished women of Washington society. As for the Senator, he prefers a retired life and would rather be one of a quiet party at the card table than attend a White House dinner. Theuiew house into which be has just moved is worth at least $100,000, and it must have cost a fortune to put into shape and change it from the great sqnare brick which it was when Secretary Fairchild oc cupied it, into the modern architectural strncture which it is now. Senator Sawyer is another big farmer of the Millionaire's Club. It takes something like 75 miles of wire fence to surronnd bis Texas ranch, and he has pine lands and lumber mills all over Michigan. Within tbe last two years 'he has been devoting him self to trvine to die cold out of the Potoman tocks una, strange to say, ne is naving a moderate success. He has bought 400 acres of land up above Washington, and has a stamp mill at work there. The vein con tains a good grade of ore, and one nugget was found weighing 23 pennyweights. Some of the rock yields $33 a tonj and if it holds out the mine will certainly pay. Sawyer is worth four or five millions, and he has been getting away with a part of his large in come this winter in entertaining. He has t i :l -r . , . . Hearit and Sawyer Tried Mining. built a house for his daughter, which has cost something like $100,000, and the in terior of this is furnished like the palace of Monte Crlsto, A FORTUNE FEOM LUMBER. Senator Sawyer made the most of his money in Wisconsin lumber. He started West when he was 3U with J'JUU fi pocket and began to farm some place near Osbkosb, and from farming be turned to logging, bought a sawmill which had ruined its owner, and by good, careful business management made it a success. He traveled over Wisconsin and picked out the fine pine lands and bought some of the best of them. He is still engage! in the lumber business, and when he is at home it is said that he takes off his coat and sometimes goes down into ths mills and superintends matters for himself. Kotwithanding his gorgeous house his own life here at Washington is very qniet He does not speak often in the Senate, but he does a deal of work in com mittees, and be gets more private pension bills through than any other millionaire in the body. Senator Sawyer always makes me think of a blacksmith, and his father was a black smith and farmer. He lived in New York, and like most New York farmers 60 years ago, he believed in havine his children work for him until they were 21. When Philetus was 17 he bought his time of his father and made money out of the speculation. He married early, but the sum of his savings for the first 13 years of his life were just about $2,000, or less than half of what his monthly income probably is now. HEH A MAN HAS ENOUGH. I once chatted with Senator Thomas W. Palmer, now Minister to Spain, about ricbes, and he told me that when a man had $40,000 a year it did not make much difference whether he had any more or not I under stand that Don Cameron not long ago said that his income was $90,000 a year, but $7,000 a month will not buy Don a good stomacb, and he has more dyspepsia than though he were working for a dollar a day. He inherited a large amount from his father, but Simon Cameron used to say that Bon was a much better money-maker than he was, and Senator Cameron's investments are in railroad stocks, mines and lands. He owns a great amount of property in Wash ington, both suburban and city property. He rarely buys a square foot of land that does not double in value before be sells it. He got $96,000 for his house on Scott Circle. and he paid $67,000 for that in which he now lives near the White House. He owns lands at Harrisburg, and is president of a bank at Middletown, Pa. He is among the Senators who have lost big chances during life, and his biggest mistake was perhaps that connected with the Bell telephone. Shortly after Bell bad made the invention he came to Washington, and the stock was hawked abouthere for 10 cents on the dollar. Among others Senator Cameron was called upon, and Bell offered him a controlling in terest in the companv for $6,000, and Cam eron, though he said be was sure the thing would pay to some extent, had no idea lh.it it would bring in something like $2,000,000 a year and refused to take it. The result was that Bell left his bouse very much dis appointed, and it took him lots of time and trouble to get the money elsewhere. Cam eron, in speaking about the matter, said some time ago that he believed tbe inven tion was a good one, hut that his money was so tied up that he did not like to risk the smount on it THE XKW SENATOBS. None of the new Senators are restricted to their salaries for their living expenses. Squire came to Washington in a special car, and I am told that his investments in Seattle and elsewhere yield him $50,000 a year. He got his first start as the manager of the Bemington Gun Works, and married a daughter of one of the firm. He was for a time purchasing agent for the Beminetons and went to Europe for them. At this time he made a good speculation in selling old guns to Persia, Turkey and other countries of the Far East, and he invested his money as he made it. He has now valuable prop erties in Seattle, and his money is breeding as fast as Australian rabbits. Allen, the other Washington Senator, has saved something from bis law practice, and he was making $10,000 a year before he came here to Washington. Sanders has perhaps an income of $25,000 irom his prop erty in Montana. He owns mines and mining interests, and it is hardto tell just what these amount to. In addition to this he has a large legal practice. Senator Power has perhaps $20,000 a year outside of his salary. He is a close, conservative in vestor, and he will not spend a great deal of money in Washington. Moody, ol Dakota, is said to make $10,000 a year at his practice, and he has a number of good mining investments. Casey, of North Da kota, is easily worth $500,000. and Gill Pierce is probably the only man among the new Senators who gets his chiet support from his salary. All told there are not a dozen of the United States Senators who have to skimp within the $5,000 a year which the government pays them. The tame is largely true of the members of the House: Feank G. Caepehtee. Tjateit In tbe Camera Line. 'New York Sun.J The street fakirs are selling the latest thing in the camera line. It is a little box said to be a camera, at the peep-hole of which you are told to gaze intently for a minute. When you have done so yon are to touch a spring and an already developed photograph of yourself is promised. What reaiiy appears is a donkey head, worked on the Jack-Ia-the-box order. I PITTSBURG, STOTOAY, JULY 6, 1890. WOMEN IN HAENESS. Belgians Find They Are Cheaper Than Horses For Light Work SERVICES EEHDEEED BY DOGS. The Lot of the Laborer Grows Harder With the Distance East. BDTIKG POINT LACE IN BRUSSELS ICOEnrSFOltDZKCE or the dispatch. i Beussels, Belgium, June 25. In Bel gium and Germany men, dogs and women take the place of horses. Horses are used for drawing stones and heavy materials, but a store liee Home's, of Pittsburg, makes its deliveries in wagons drawn by men and women. Bath tubs and tanks of hot and cold water are drawn around the streets of Dresden. There is not a hot bath in a hotel" in Dresden. When I asked the landlord in the largest hotel there if I could have a bath in tbe hotel, he looked astonished and ex claimed: "What! all over?" "Yes, a hot bath." "Mein Gott, it is impossible." Then, after a moment's reflection, he added: "Yes, it can be done. I will send for it" In about an hour a man and his wife, harnessed to a wagon, drove themselves around with a bathtub, two tanks of water and a thermometer. When the bathtnb came upstairs, the man and' wife looked like pallbearers. Turning down the rug they planted the coffin-shaped bathtub in the middle of the room, and stood there for me to disrobe. 7 excused the woman but the man remained until tbe last sad rite was performed. Then they received 60 cents, carried down the long coffin-shaped tub, bitched themselves back on to the wagon and returned to Frederick Strasse. In an American hotel we would have rung an electric bell, crossed the hall, A STREET SCENE turaed two faucets, and take the same bath for 25 cents. CAMS FOE DOGS AND 'WOMEN. The accompanying illustration is from a photograph of a milk and market cart drawn by dogs and women in Brussels. Tbe city is full of these carts. The women and dogs draw them in from tbe country miles away. They supoly all the great markets with vegetables, fruits and milk. The same carts are used by men and bays in drawing heavy loads sometimes 1,500 pounds. The dogs seem to delight in their work. At 6 o clock in the morning you will hear them barking in the rears of the houses im patient to get out in the street with their carts, where they work happily till night Work makes them phenomenally strong, and they learn to hale the idle dogs of the aristocrats. If a patrician dog belonging to King Leopold, or the Count of Flanders, his brother, should stray into tbe market a dozen plebeian dogs would paralyze him, as Sullivan would scramble a dude. FOOD AND LABOR ON THE "CONTINENT. Prices for everything made by human hands in Europe grow cheaper as you go east from London toward Asia. This is because labor grows cheaper till we reach China, where a skilled mechanic gets 10 cents per day. Skilled workmen, such as carpenters, brick masons and railroad en gineers, who earn from $3 to $5 a day in America, earn about $1 60 a day in En gland, $1 25 in France, $1 in Beljrium, 80 cents in Germany, CO cents in Austria and 30 cents in Hungary. I saw men laying brick ' for 40 cents per day in Vienna, while women were carrying mortar up a ladder xto them for 20 cents per day. A plain gray or checked woolen suit of clothes, which costs ready made $16 in New York, costs $12 in England and France, $10 in Belgium, $9 in Germany and $8 in Austria and $7 in Hungary. That is, meat, bread, sugar, coffee and all vegeta bles, cost from one-third to one-hall more there than in America, while plain clothing is from one-third to one-halt cheaper than in America. In America wages are high and food is cheap, and the two growhigher and cheaper as you go west, till you get beyond the Mis souri, while in Eurone wages are low and food is dear, and keep growing lower and dearer as you go east till you reach Asia, where wages go to almost nothing. SAME FOOD FOB MAN AND HOUSE. The high price of food, especially meat, in Europe compels the poor man to give up meat and eat cereals. When he eats wheat or rye he can live as cheaply as a horse. The old slave in the South, who received weekly three and a half pounds of bacon and all the meal, flour and molasses he wanted for each member of his family, lived like a king compared to the average labor ing mad in Europe. Our driver who drove us from Wiesbaden to Schwalbock fed his horse on coarse rye bread and ate the same bread himself. It seemed funny to see him cut off a big slice for his horse and then a little one for himself. "You are very democratic," I said, "you pnt yourself on an equality with your horse." "Yes," he said, "we eat the same bread, but sometimes I get a bit of bacon." "Which gets the best treatment?" I asked. "Oh, the horse. When I am sick my pay stops and I go hungry, but when the horse is sick he gets rest ana food." "Don't you wish you were a horse?" "Yes, Master," he said, wearily. "I wish I were." In eastern Belgium two women were har nessed to a canal boat The-owner of tbe boat said: "They draw as well as a horse, and it don't cost so much to feed them." A ST. XOTJIS MAN ASTONISHED, Mr, J. B. Johnson, of St Louis, engsgedj a governess for his children in Bad Krens nach, Germany, for a mark, or 24 cents a day, the young lady boarding herself. When the landlord of the hotel heard of it he broke into a frenzy, and, with Chatham street gestures, exclaimed: "It's downright extortioa. you are throwing your money in the street. I can get you plenty of gov ernesses at half a mark a day!" Mr. Johnson, who lives at the rate of about $10,000 a year when in St. Lonis, laughed outright when they told him that $7 50 a month for a governess was down right extortion. He afterward confessed that he was positively appalled when the German dressmaker sent in a bill of $3 50 for making a dress. They will always make vast quantities of ace in jurusseis, because laDor is cueau aim women are willing to work for 12 cents a day. Most of the laces are made in families off in the country. The pacemakers, gener ally old women,"could not afford to live in Brussels. The oitv dealers buy it as cheap as they can and se'll it for all they can get. THE PEICE OF FINE LACE. An old lady brought in four yards of beautifnl point lace, ten inches wide. She had worked on it 18 months. Much of it was worked with a microscope. The old lady wore a big white cap, a neatly folded black dress and wooden shoes. My wife be came interested in the dear, good old woman, anl we concluded to buy the identical lace, When I called and asked the price of it tbe next day, the dealer said: "It is beautiful and worth $20 a yard." "Too much," we said, and started to go. "It is making you a present at $18 a yard," she said, following us out "We'll come back to-morrow." "You'll not come back make an offer now," she pleaded. well, $12 a yard, or $50 for the piece." "Oh, it is worth more," said the dealer. "I can not make you a present." "Well, 12 is all good day!" "Come back," she said. "I will telephone to the factory." Then, after ringing the bell, a long confab went on in French, which ended bv her coming to us and say ing: "Well, take it, but it is too cheap." We found out afterwards that the old lady who made the lace got forty dollars for a year and a half's work, or 12 cents a dy I Our coutier told us afterward that the telephone was a mock one, and that the pre tended talk with the factory was a ruse. The lace broker made ten dollars on the J transaction. So, ladies, when you buy fine, IK BRUSSELS. ten-inch-wide, point lace for $15, or five inch point for $7 50, you are getting it cheap enough, and, if you trim your dress with it, it will pass customs without duty. Eli Perkins. VEBY LIKE GEEHAn CITIES. A Berlin Man Sees Little Difference Between T.wm Here nnd at Homo. Philadelphia Inquirer. 2 "You can see very little difference between the leading cities of Germany and ours," said August C. Valentin, a retired Eidge avenue merchant and large property owner, last evening. "When I visited Berlin about two years ago I could easily have imagined myself in New York or Philadelphia, so similar were the main characteristics. Street cars, omnibuses, electric lights, great business houses, large hotels and well appointed restaurants sug gested our American cities at every step and I was surprised to find the English language so largely spoken. I heard its familiar sen tences everywhere and, of course, the cir cumstance made me feel more at home. During business hours Berlin is as much alive as any city in the United States and there is as great a throng and rush in the commercial centers as on Broadway or Chestnut street The idea that the German merchants are hampered by the government is all bosh: they have as wide and free a field for their operations as any in this country. You hear it stated in America that it costs the German people enormously to support the standing army, bnt I found the rate ot taxa tion lower than here in Philadelphia. Mil lionaires are not so numerous in Germany as in the United States, but as a rule the smaller businessmen are better off finan cially than ours. I had not been in Berlin for 40 years and I noted an almost entire trans ormation in every respect. The new portions of the city are particularly beauti ful. They are full of larce edifices of great architectural beauty, while every avenue is as wide as Broad street and some even wider." THE SILK MACHINE. Education Hn Drought tbe Silk Worm to a High Decreo of Excellence. Japanese LetUr.J An industry of great magnitude in Japan is silk culture. The silk worm is "edu cated" to such a degree that it becomes a mere machine, and its life mast be a burden to it. It lays its eggs in rows on -cards; it spins its cocoon to order, and finally dies when required. Silk worm eggs are white and about the size of the head of a large pin, and they are sold on cards, like buttons. These egg cards may be kept all winter long without harm to them, and hatched out in the warm months. The young worm is ah exceedinglv minute and delicate animal, and the mulberry leaves adopted for its food have to be chopped up as fine as possible. As the worm grows older the leaves are not chopped finely, until, when it is full grown, it is allowed to enjoy a whole mulberry leaf intact This life of dissipation is too much for it, and with a little encouragement, it seeks the solitude of its cocoon. The cocoons are then thrown into hot water, which kills the larva and disolves the mueilageous matter that keeps the cocoon together. A silk worker deftly finds the end, and id a few moments the poor worm's home is about 40 yards of silk fiber on a reel. A few of the lavse. are allowed to come to maturity for the sake of breeding purposes, and theegvs. To get out they break a hole through the cocoons. Suoh cocoons are calUd pierced. and from, them an inferior quality of silk is maae. WHAT MESMEEISM IS. It Consists Simply of the Abolition of Intellectuality. SOMNAMBULISU ANALOGOUS TO IT. Prom Its Tery Nature Only the Mentally Weak Ate Susceptible. KOI A SAFE 0E HEALTHY CONDITION The air of late has been full of discussions respecting mesmerism and its use in medical practice or, what is much tfie samejthing, its applicability to the wants of social life when that life has to be ministered to for the relief of the ailments which beset it. In these latter days, mesmerism is no longer known under that name. It is now desig nated "hypnotism," and, as such, figures boldly bath in the medical journals and in lay newspapers. Whether or not the civil ized world is to allow itself to be hypnotized will only be settled when it thoroughly un derstands what hypnotism is and what it professes to do in the way of curing disease. I shall attempt an explanation, based on general grounds, such as, I trust, may be "ucderstanded of the people." A. human brain is composed of a series of nerve-centers, or parts regulating and controlling actions of more or less well-defined nature. It is not one orsran. but a collection of or gans, all working together, in tbe healthy organism, for the regulation of the life mental and the life physical as well. This much is certain and sure. While there is harmepious working, however, between the brain-centers, there exists also a certain amount of independence among them. Such independence is inseparable from the nature of the multifarious duties the brain centers discharge. They may be compared to the sub-departments in a great government af fairlike the postoffice, tor example wherein each subdivision, while owning a central and connecting authority, exercises, on its own behalf, a fair share of responsi bility for the discharge of its own duties. INTELLECTUAL VS. AUTOMATIC CENTEB3" Now, roughly, yet correctly speaking, the brain shows a division into what we may term intellectual centers and lower auto matic ones. The former, located chiefly or wholly in the forehead lobes of the brain, deal with the highest affairs of the mental state. They exercise the will, they are the seats of intellectual operations, and tbey constitute by their collective working, "the conscious ego" which is the essence of our responsible individuality. The lower or automatic centers, on the other hand, as their name implies, are in a position of self acting machines. They control actions and operations which lie outside the will, and which are not (necessarily at least) asso ciated with our consciousness. Beading and writing and walking are each and all acts which are automatically regulated. We have to acquire them, it is true, but, once acquired, they are ever after ward performed without thought Over such acts, then, the lower brain centers preside. I might quote the heart's action, the regulation of the blood vessels, swallow ing, and the movement of the stomach in digestion, as additional illustrations ot automatic acts. These lower centers of ours save us a vast deal of trouble and worry. They leave the intellect free to deal with deiper problems than are involved in the mere acts of living and being; and when we come to think of it we see that a gsod three fourths of our lives are really composed of actions which are performed utterly without thinking, and which are all the better per formed, in truth, because we have not to think about them at all. SIMPLY THE ABOLITION OF 'WILL. In sleep walking we see how the lower centers ot the brain can assume temporary command of the body, how they can ronse the sleeper from his bed, and direct and guide bis movements unerringlv in the ma jority of cases. Now, mesmerism or hyp notism, is an analogous condition of som nambulism. I take it that in the hypnotic state, however induced, there is essentially the abolition of consciousness and will, by the repression for the time being of the in tellectual centers. It is useless and need less to say how this occurs; it is sufficient to say it does occur. In one way or another, the faypnotizer succeeds in abolishing the intellectuality of bis subject The lower centers are stimu lated and come to the front Automatic life replaces the conscious existence; and the individual is, temporarily, as clay in the bands of the potter; he is made to think and act at tbe behest and command of the individual or individuals who have suc ceeded in reducing him to the level of a mere machine. This is the essence of hyp notism. Sir Andrew Clark put the matter in other words when he said that the ability of anyone to be mesmerized stood in inverse ratio to their intellectual development. If this means anything at all, it implies that it is the intellectually sensitive (or weak) who are the hypnotiser's best subjects. ONLT THE WEAK-MINDED SUSCEPTIBLE. I made that remark in the London Illus trated News not long since that the mesmer ist or hypnotizer could only be successful wbere there existed intellectual sensitive ness on tbe part of the subjects. My words were: "U is impossible to hypnotize every one; and, as far as my experience of it goes, only in the case of the intellectually sensi tive shall I add weak? can hypnotism hope to secure the most characteristic effects." Dr. Bramwell and Mr. Lloyd Best, referring to these words, state that Beaunis, a Continental authority, is "of tbe opinion that everyone is more or less sus ceptible to hypnotic influence." They add that their own experience seems to confirm the views oi Beaunis. Now, one fact is worth many theories, and I maintain fearlessly that both Dr. Bram well and Beaunis are in error. For, per sonally, although I have been many times tried by different hypnotizers, I have not been in tbe least degree affected. Again, I know others who are in a similar position to myself. They have not been mesmerised after repeated trials. THEIE OWN STATEMENT 13 WEAK. Dissected out. Beaunis' statement is a relative statement, after alb It includes comparative degrees, irom success to the zero point; and it does not logically, there fore, mean all its anthors might evidently be regarded as implying. To allege that everybody can be hypnotized is a rash assertion, and nothing more. After this declaration, I have no more to sav on tbe subject If Dr. Bramwell or any other hypnotizercan persuade certain people that they are not ill, that pain has left them, and that they must be made unconscious while being operated upon, I have no con cern whatever with his procedure. All I maintain is, that he will not and cannot suc ceed with people having a fair or complete share of volition and intellectual force. Nor do I envy those who can be "mesmer ized." As I have often expressed it, a per son who is hypnotized is in the position of having the captain of the ship deposed Irom the quarter deck, and the cabin boy installed in tbe captain's place. And this is not an agreeable, safe or healthy proceeding either on shipboard or in mental lile. Aitdexw WrxsoiTi The Demn of the IHarsb. Tbe evil spirit that havers abont stagnant pols aud Inundated lowlands is no materialized bogey, no phantasm of a disordered Imagina tion, but a power of evil lar more mallcnant than any familiar anathematized by Cotton Mather. It Is malaria, which has for its de structive progeny fever and ague, bilious re mittent and dumb ague, conquerable with Hosietter's Btomaen Bitters, as are dvaoansla. I constipation, liver complain etc. itm ms mm- .-HmK im, Wwi Zm A NOVEL DEALING WITH COTEMPORARY LIFE. WBITTEN FOE THE DISPATCH. BY WILLIAM BLACK, Author of "A Frincess of Thule," "Sunrise," and Many Other Stories of the Highest Heputation on Two Continents. CHAPTER I. THE WANDEREES. a certain sunny afternoon ia May. On when all the world and his wife were walk ing or driving in Piccadilly, two figures ap peared there who clearly did not belong to the fashionable crowd. Indeed, so unusual was their aspect that many a swift glance, shot from carefully impassive faces, made furtive scrutiny of them as they passed. One of the strangers was an old man who might have been a venerable Scandinavian scald come to life again a man thick-set and broad shouldered, with features at once aquiline and massive, and with flowing hair and beard almost silver-white. From under his deeply lined forehead and shaggy eye brows gleamed a pair of eyes that were alert and confident as with the audacity of youth; and the heavy, white mustache and beard did not quite conceal the cheerful firmness of the mouth. For the rest, he wore above his ordinary attira a plaid of shepherd's tartan, the ends loosely thrown over his shoulders. By his side there walked a young girl of about 17, whose singular, if somewhat pen sive and delicate beauty, could not but have struck any passerby who happened to catch sight of her. But she rarely raised her eyes from the pavement. What was obvi ous to every one was, first of all, the ele gance of ber walk which was merely the natural expression of a perfectly moulded form; and then the glory of her hair, which hung free and unrestrained down ber back, and no doubt added to the youtbfulness of her look. As to the color of those splendid masses well, it was neither flaxen, nor GRANDFATHER, YOU golden, nor brown, nor golden-brown, but apparently a mixture of all these shades, aheriaz in tone here and there according to sunshine or shadow, but always showing a soft and graduated sheen rather than any definite lustre. Her face, as has been said, was mostly downcast; and one could only see that the refined and sensitive features were pale; also that there was a toueh of sun tan over her com plexion that spoke of travel. But when, by inadvertence, or by some forced overcom ing of her native diffidence, she did raise her eyes, then there flashed a revelation upon the world; for these blue-gray deeps seemed to hold light; a mild-shining light, timid, mysterious, appealing almost; the unconsciousness ot childhood no longer there, the self.possessionof womanhood not yet come: then those beautiful, limpid, pa thetic eyes, thus tremblingly glancing out for a second, would be instantly withdrawn, and again the dark lashes would veil the mystic, deep-shining wells. This was Mais rie Bethune; the old man by her side was her grandfather. The young girl seemed rather to hang be hind as her companion went up the steps towards a certain door and rang the bell; and her eyes were still downcast as she fol lowed him across the hall and into an ante room. When the footman came back with the message that his lordship was disen gaged and weuld see Mr. Bethune, and when he was about to sBow the way up stairs, the girl bung back, and said, with almost a piteous look: "I will stay here, grandfather." "Not at all," the old man answered, im patiently, "Net at all. Come alongl" There were two persons in this long and lofty room on the first floor; but just as the visitors arrived at the landing, one of these withdrew and went and steed at a front window, where he could look down into tbe street The other a youngish-looking man, with clear eyes and a pleasant smile re mained to receive his guests; and if he could not help a little glance of surprise perhaps at the unusual costume of his chief visitor, or perhaps because he had not ex pected the young lady there was at all events nothing but good nature in his face. "My granddaughter, Maisrie, Lord 3Ius seiburgh,"the old man said, by way of in troduction, or explanation. The young nobleman begged her to be seated; she merely thanked him, and moved away a little distance, to a table on whieh were some illustrated books; so that the two men were leit free to talk as they these. "Well now, that seems a very admirable project of yours, Mr. Bethune," Lord Mus selburgh said, in his frank and off-hand wav. "There's plenty of Scotch blood in my veins, as you know; and I am glad of ( any good turn that can be done to poor old Scotland. I see you are not ashamed ot the national garb,." "You remember what was said on a famous occasion," the old man made answer, speak ing methodically and emphatically, and with a strong Northern aceent, "and I will own that I hoped your lordship's heart would 'warm to the tartan.' For it is a con siderable undertaking alter all. The men are scattered; and their verses are scattered; hut scattered or no scattered, there is every where and always in them the same senti ment tbe sentiment of loyalty and gratitude and admiration for the land o'f the hills and the glens. And surely, as your lordship says, it is doing a good turn to poor old Scotland to show the world that wherever her sons may be in Canada, in Florida, ont on the plains, or along the California ooast they do not forget the mother that bore them no, but tbat they are proud of her, and think always of her with an undying affection and devotion." e He was warming to his work. There was a vibration in his voice, as he proceeded to repeat the lines From the lone shlellnar an the mlitr ixlunrf jJJoantala divide them and a world ol seasi fflB-eTf , III T3 av&dr r, i m ASKt itim -Ss5s mmm ' .?- tfr? . Y.sMzrumw MI. Bat still their hearts are true, their hearts ara Highland, And tbey In dreams behold the Hebrides. "Is that by one of your Scotch-American friends?" Lord Musselburgh asked, with a smile; for he wa3 looking curiously, and not without a certain sympathetic interest, at this old man. "I do not know, your lordship; at tba moment I could not tell you," was the answer. "But this I do know, that a man may be none the less a good Canadian or American citizen because of his love for the heather hills that nourished his infancy and inspired his earliest imagination. He does not complain of tbe country that has given him shelter, nor of the people who have welcomed him and made him one of themselves. He only says with Crich ton's emigrant shepherd Wae's me that fate us twa bae twined" 'twined' is severed: perhaps your lordship is not so familiar with tbe dialect "Wae's me tbat fate us twa bae twined: And 1 serve strangers ower the sea; Their hearts are leal, their words are kind, Bat, lass. It Una hauie to met Good men they are aud true," he went on, in the same ex.ilted strain; "valued and re spected citizens none more so; but cut their hearts open and you will find Scotland written in every fiber. It is through no In gratitude to their adopted country that a spray ol w.hite heather, a few bluebells, a gowan or two, anythicg sent across the teas to them to remiuu them of the land of their birth, will bring hot tears to their eyes. As one of tbem h.ts written "What memories dear of tbat cot ye recall. Thuuh now there remains neither roof tree nor wall! Alick-a-clayl lintel and threshold are gone. While cold 'neath the weeds lies the hallowed hearthstone! 'Twas a straw-roofed cottage, but love abode there. SO , .iTJ4?& ni,'s A -?-iB "WILL NOT BE AN GET? Andfpsace and contentment aye breathed In its al'S . . With sungs from the mother, and legends Irom sire. How blithe were we all round the cheery peat- flret Caledonia's blue-bells, O bonny blue-bells! "You have an excellent memory," Lord Musselburgh said, good naturedly. "Those patriotic effusions seem to have impressed you." "That W3S written by tba Bard of Amulree, your lordship, continued the garrulous old man; "and a truer Scotchman does not breathe, though America has been his home nearly all his life. And there :s many another, both in Canada and in the United States. They may be in happier circumstances than tbey would have been in the old country; they may have plenty of friends around them; but still their hearts turn bask to 'Where I've watched the gloamln' close The long bright summer days; And doabted not that fairies dwelt On CatlikinN noanis braes; Aold Rnglin Eris and Catbkin braes And Clyde's meandering stream. Ye shall be subject of my lays As ye are of my dreams.' Nor are they ashamed of their Scottish way of speech ye may observe, my lord, that I've kept a twang of it myself, even among all my wanderings; and loth would I be to lose it But I'm wearying your lordship," the old man said, in a suddenly altered tone. "I would just say that a col lection of what the Scotch poets in America have written ought to be interesting to Scotchmen everywhere, and perhaps to others as well; for patriotism is a virtue that commands respect. I beg your pardon for encroaching on your lordship's time "Ob, that's nothing," Lord Musselburgh said, easily; "but we must not keep the young lady waiting." He glanced in the direction of the girl who was standing by the fcible. She was turning over the leaves of a book. Then he resumed the conversa tion but in a much lower key. "I quite understand, Mr.' Bethune," he said, so that she should not overhear, "what you wrote to me tbat the bringing out of such a volume will require time and ex pense. And and you must allow me to join in, in the only way I can. Now what sum ?" He hesitated. Mr. Bethune said "Whatever your lordship pleases." The young man went into the front por tion of the long apartment (where his friend was still discreetly standing behind the window curtains) and opened a dispatch box and sat down. He drew out a cheque for 50, enclosed it in an envelope, and, coming back, slipped it into the old man's hands. "1 hope taat will help, and 1 shall be glad to hear of the progress of the work. 'I thank your lordship," Mr. Bethune said, without any obsequiousness or profu sion of gratitude. And then he turned to his granddaughter "Maisrie!" The girl came away at once. She bowed, to Lord Musselburgh in passing, witisft lifting her eyes. He, however, put out his hand, and said "Good-byel" Nay, more than that although he had previously rang the bell, he accompanied them both down stairs, and stood at the door while a four wheeled cab was being called for them. Then, when they bad leit, he returned to the room above, and called liihtly to his friend (younger than himsolf even) who waa still standing at the window: "Eeady, Vin. Come along, thenl Did yon hear the old man and his poetry? a harmless old manias, 1 think. Well, let's be off to Victoria; we'll get down to the Bungalow in time for a good hour's lawn tennis before dinner." Meanwhile old George Bethnne and his granddaughter were being driven away east ward in the cab: and he was chatting gaily to her with the air of one who bad been suc cessful in some enterprise. He had doffed his Scotch plaid; and, what is more, ho had y
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