kfflui TflXIOSTEM, Stepniak Points Out New Features of Russian Law. INCREASE OF PENALTIES. Imprisonment With Labor bj Ad ministrative Process. THE MAXIMUM TERM SOW DOUBLED tiramis roB thx DisrATcn. ; Or all the wrongs done by the Itnssian GoYernnient, the administrative exile is one which Terr riihtly has attracted the greatest attention abroad, and has met with the most universal condemnation. There is, indeed, no heavier crime of the Enssian Government against humanity and onr unfortunate country. However shocking xnay be the sentences of the Butsian political tribunals, the administrative punishments are still more shocking. Tocy are inflicted without any formality of a trial, -without confronting the prisoner with his accusers, olten without informing him of the charges brought against him, or even giving the name of the person who denounces him. It is a punishment inflicted on suspicion, which does not even pretend to be based upon any concrete proof of guilt, and has for its avowed object to strike beforehand those who some day may become political offenders. At the same time by its extensive applica tion administrative exile is far more disas trons to the country than the exceptional tribunals, for one man and woman tried, there are according to our statistical in formation from 22 to 27 persons exiled with out trial. Nothing can throw so much light upon the present Russian regime as the study of the exile system. Mr. George Kcnnan has rendeied a permanent service to the cause of Russian ireedom and hu. inanity by exposing its evils to the execra tion of the world. Tl.e subject is very ex tensive, and cannot be adequately treated as a whole, except in an extensive work. What we propose here to do, is to point to a few recent changes, which, for aught we know, have not yet been mentioned in the foreign press. IiCCBEASE OF SENTENCES. "We will begin by a trifling one the ag gravation of the exile's penalties, sot for their "bad conduct" (read: attempts to pro tect themselves against the irresponsible, brutal administration), as has always been beiore, but simply in consequence of the re examination of the old documents, upon whic. the administration has already given a decision sometimes many years ago. This is a new proceeding, and however trifling, as compared with the total mass of wrongs done by administrative exile, it is worth mentioning, for it characterizes the utter disrespect of the Russian government to human sufferings and to the most elemen tary principles of justice we may say, of puhlic morality. But why, the reader will ask, should the gendarmes burden themselves with ransack ing the archives of the state police, when they have so many fresh cases upon their handi? "We are told that it is done as a good exercise for the young officers of this re spectable body. "When a yonng gendarme is admitted into the political branch of the service, they do not trust him with new cases, but give him an old one for re-examination to test his ability. He has then to give an opinion upon it, and if he discovers something which tells against the exile, and lias been overlooked, a few years more are fcdded to tho latter'a original term of banish ment. "We do not vouch for the accuracy of the explanation. It may be that the old eases are re-examintd on some other grounds. The fact is that thev are re-examined and new penalties are inflicted upon the victims for no other reason. The unexpectedness of such new visitations appears probably to the gendarmes in the light of a good prac tical joke, though for those concerned it is rarely a matter tor joking, and sometimes a cause of bitter tears. JUT INSTANCE OF ITS TVOEKIUGS. In November, 1880, Antimas Gomeralidze. an Armenian by birth, condemned in 1877 by the St- Petersburg tribunal to exile in Siberia, returned to his country after the ex piration of his term. His crime was not par ticularly grave. In 1875-6 the police dis covered in Moscow a "becret society," com posed of about a dozen voung men and girli, the oldest of whom was 23, the youngest 16. Their object was the propaganda of Socialist ideas among the workmen. They were all condemned to various punishments, Gomer alidze among the rest. Since that time for full 16 years, he has been dragged from one prison to another, from one wretched Siber ian hamlet to another. His health was ruined, his strength broken. From a bloom ing jouth o! 22, as he was at the time of the trial he became a gray-haired, decrepit old Willi. But he is in his country once again. The long years of trial are lorgotten. He feels his strength renewed in his home, where hiB old mother had expected him all these long years. The father had died in the meantime. He was the only son, and the only support of his mother's old age. But tbey had not much time to enjoy being to gether. Beiore five months elapsed a new blow lell upon them both. In April, 1889, alorgc body of police came, and the officer told the mother that her son was to be once again sent to Siberia. He was arrested, and without an v explanation taken to the Kutais prison. The old woman was on the verge of losing her reason. She is said to have sat all day long on the floor, as if stunned by her enef, repeating, "Ihey gave him back to me, and took him ajain." PLEADINGS WTEKE IS VXTX. The neichbors, small farmers and peasants for the most part, moved by the old woman's despair and helplewness, collected a sum of money, and sent a man to Kut is to make inquiries, and intercede if possible with the Governor in (uvor of Gomeralidze. The man went, and succeeded in interesting in the fate ol his client several persons of good position in the town. They spoke to the Governor of the province, and to the local gendarme officer, who all seemed disponed in lavor of the hapless man. Indeed Gom eralidze could not possibly be of any danger to the "throne and the existing institu tions" in the out-oi-the-wav corner where he had settled. The village where his mother lived was 90 miles away irom Kutais, ami 60 miles from the postal high way, so that he was as much isolated there as he would be in the Karym marshes, whither he was to be re-exiled. The only difference was that of a better climate, which was so necessary to li is broken health. Bnt the local authorities could do nothing for hira. The order for rearresting and exiling him came from St. Petersburg, and the reason was as follows: Three years beiore, while Gomeralidze was living ju Tomsk the pupils of the gymnasium (grammar school) had fonnded a small libr.try of their own lor their per coual edification. It consisted onlv of books authorized by the Russian censorship. Not a single revolutionary oaroplilet had been found there, or seen circulated among the pupils. Still, the small library contained works hkr Thomas Buckle's history of civilization in England, and aomeo' Herbert Spencer's. This showed that the boys were of a senoni and rather progressive turn of mind. A TAX AX. COISCIDEHCK. Still, the affair would have been probably hushed up it the discovery of the library Lad not coincided with the attempt upou the Cxar, Alexander III., which orrnrrprl in St. Petersburg on the 13th of March, 1887. Panic stricken, the superintendent of the Tomsk grammar school looked upon the harmless affair as a sort of political crime. A number of boys were thtown into pnsjn on a charge of conspiracy and secret propa ganda, and ordered under the threat or heavy punishment to confess everything, hich meant to betray those who gave them books or money to buy them, or en couraged them in any other way. Gomer alidze knew nothing about this library. But in his quality of surgeon's assistant he paid occasional visits to the house of one of the boys who contributed a certain number of books to the common library. Being arrested, the boy named Gomeralidze as the person who gavn him these books, on the childish consideration that since be was already a political offender and an exile, it would not matter for hira. The charge was not supported by facts, and the boy himself retracted it afterward. Gomeralidze was summooed to the police office, but his explanations satisfied the local authorities, so that he was not molested, and when his term of biniihmeut ended he was allowed, as we have seen, to return to bis native country. But in this interval the famous General Rusinov, the same who Jias been mentioned bv Mr. George Kennaniu connection with the obliteration of the in scriptions upon the exiles' tombstones and the would-be discoverv of a secret printing press in Yakutsk this General Rusinov visited Tomsk on the pretext of inquiring into the condition of the exiles, in reality in order to report upon their conduct. DUE TO A PtrSHIKO YOTOO OFFICFB. Together with other materials, he brought with him to St. Petersburg the documents referring to Gomeralidze's offense. Here it ws given for revision to a young pushing officer of gendarmerie, who discovered, as he thought, some hints throwing doubts upon the correctness of Gomeralidze's former acquittal by the Tomsk gendarmes, and without any verification, without ex amination of theaccused, an order for his re-exile was dispatched to Kutais. The case is not unique. In 1878, a St. Petersburg student, Tutcheff, was arrested, and condemned without trial by adminis trative order to five years' banishment in the Yakutsk region. His term expired in 1883, and his family expected him home. But he did not come, and in his stead a let ter arrived informing the parents that his term of banishment was prolonged. Then his father, a General in the Cur's army, went to the officer of the State police to inquire what new of fense his son had committed to have merited a new punishment. In consideration of his official position he was received, and an ex planation vouchsa'ed to him by the gendar merie, and it wis tlm: His son had com mitted no new offense, but they had re examined the old document referring to his case, and, finding that the original punish ment was inadequate, had added on for young Tutcheff another two years of ban ishment. BULL ANOTHBR CASK, "We will mention as a further illustration ot this curious practice the case of SinefT, a private of one of the regiments of guards, exiled to TJrjum in 1886, the police having discovered that he paid occasional visits to the former schoolmaster of his village, who proved to be implicated in some conspira cies. SinefTs term of banishment expired in November, 1888, but, instead of being allowed to return to his home, he was ordered to remain at his place of punish ment indefinitely, "pending the re-examination of his case." In 1887 an exile named Peshekherov, after having completed his three years' term of banishment in Ust Kamenogorsk (Senii palatinsk region), was returning with his wife and children to European Russia by permission of the local authorities, and had alreadv reached Tomsk, which stands about 600 miles .from Ust Kamenogorsk, when suddenly a telegram came from St. Peters burg inflicting upon him another two years of exile. The Siberian authorities were as much surprised at this order as Peshekherov himself, as there was never any conflict be tween him and the administration during the three years of his involuntary residence at Ust Kamenogorsk. In 1881 a student, Raspopin, accused of "militarism," which means of holding the opinion that the Revolutionists onght, for the good of their cause, lo get as many com missions as possible in the army, was exiled for two years to Beresov, one ot the most aw.ul of Siberian penitentiary towns, situ ated in the marshes o' the Arctic zone. Still the term of his punishment was a short one. But at its expiration in 188G two more years were added to it after re-eXamination of his case. TWICE BE-EXAMIWED. But it seems that the documents concern ing Raspopin were either written in very good handwriting or put in a very conspicu ous place, or offered some peculiar attrac tion, as certain problems in chess. The act ia that, after the expiration of this addition al term in 1888, his case was re-examined once again, and another year was added to his term. This a a small addition, a mere trifle, according to the gendarmes' views, but Raspopin seems not to have duly appre ciated their leniency, for he died in Beresov a few months later from scurvy, which he had contracted there. The next of these measures is the doubling of the maximum of banishment. According to former rules the maximum of banishment which could be inflicted without trial, by a simple order of the administration", was five years. It is a long term, considering that the administration has full option to send its victims to snch dreadful places as Sredne kolymsk, Yilnsk, Beresov, Turukhausk towns, or rather villages, in the Arctic loue, where life is unendurable to Europeans, who generally succumb to scurvy and other dis eases of the Polar region. But it seemed not enough, and the maxi mum has been extended to ten years, which means practically a li clime. Pew will be able to outlive such long terms, so that the administration will be saved the trouble ot repeating blow after blow upon its chosen victims. Now they may be killed with one single blow. This new measure has not passed through the stages which every new law passes through in Russia. We have not even seen it promulsated by a minis terial circular, which, in Russia, has the force of law. It was enacted quietly and re vealed its existence by its praclieafapplica tion to several persons in 1887. STILL MOBE SHOCKING. Simultaneously with this measure came into practice another one, which is more shocking still. It is nothjug less than the conferring upon the administration of the right to condemn people, without any form of trial, to various terms of imprisonment with hard labor. To complete the evolution one step more is needed that of empower ing the administration to sentence people to dea'h by a mere stroke of the pen, without resorting t any judicial trick, as was the case with the hanging of Bernstein, Zotoff and Hausmon in Yakutsk. In the "Wyborg district of St. Petersburg tlnreis a prison, which is called colloquial! v "The Cross," on account ol its shape. But it is not by the shape alone that it deserves to be named alter the imblem o. suffering. There is no worse prison in the Empire. The isolation is complete, the confinement strictly solitiry, with obligatory labor, and prohibition ol books except those which the Government lends the prisoners. There is no communication with tiie ontward world. In the autumn of 1887 "The Cross" began to be populated with administrative prison ers. In the beginning of 1888 "The Cross" had already 25 inmates, and now it vies with the House of Preventitivc Detention, of Shpalerny street, the number of adminis trative prisoners immured there being al ready over 100, and, as we are informed, rapidly increasing. This'is au altogether new departure in the efforts ol the Government to stamp out op position. The terms of imprisonment which may be thus inflicted arbitrarily are fixed at three years, a terribly long term, for Rus sians in particular, who, with their nervona organisation, cannot support, as Galkin Vraky admits, more than six months of solitary confinement. MODERATE JUST XOT. The experiment -is new, and up to the present the terms of imprisonment inflicted by the administration are in most cases i.bort vnrving from 6 months to 16. It is rarely over two years. But Vappetit vient THE en manqeant: we may be sure that before long this first hesitation will be got over, and "The Cross will become a trne human shambles. In the meantime, let me tell the reader the story of one of its first inmates, a girl condemned to the longest term two and a half years whose use will serve as a sam ple for the rest, and will throw some light upon certain practices of the Russian police. In 1888 a certain Bychkov, a Siberian, escaped from his " place of banishment, and arrived at Mosoow in the autumn of the same year. He had little money, no passport and no acquaintances in the town. In this extremity he went to a small coffee room near the university, and, a'ter having ob served for some time the people who were there, he fixed upon a girl, a perfect stranger to him, whom he followed in the st-eet when she left the coffee room. Here he approached her, and told her who he was and whit was his position. The girl proved to be Alexandra Kopy lova, a student ot Liberal views. SJie be lieved Bychkov's story, and promised to do for him what she could. But she could not do much. In October Bychkov was rear rested by the police, who made a domicil iary visit at the rooms of Kopylova as well. Nothing compromising was discovered, ex. cept one copy of a Geneva revolutionary (Radical) paper, called Sef- Government. She was, as a matter of eourse, imprisoned. TKAP SET BY THE POLICE. But the police had nothing particular to be proud of; Bychkov himself was not a very great prize, lor he was a simple exile, who had nothing more important against him than a slight connection with peaceful pro paganda among the St. Petersburg work men. Then the police resolved to utilize him in another way. After a long interro gation, Bychr-ov was taken to the district prison (ctiast), but here it somehow occurred that all the cells were lull, and there was no room for the new inmate. The officer ol gendarmerie showed himself much dis pleased, but agreed to the director's pro posal to lock up the prisoner tor the night in a room in the fire tower. The offer was accepted, and Bychkov was confined in an ordinary room with a window looking upon the street. It was rather high, but it was near the water pipe running along the wall outside, and there was a slanting roof of the lower story, which conld be utilized for the descent. The prisoner could not lose snch an opportunity, aud in the dead ol the night, when he thought the house plunged in sleep, he opened the window and descended into the street, coneratulating himself upon a happy escape. But his position was still a very precar ious one, for he had to find at once a hiding place, which was not easy at such a time. He thought of a man of good position, a Liberal, a professor of the Moscow "Uni versity, whom he had met once at Kopy lova's room, and he went to knock at his door. He was recognised, told his story and was admitted into the house. This is precisely what the police expected, lor all the affair was arranged on purpose, and Bychkov was followed from the prison to the house where he found refuge. ALL "WHO BEFBIEUDED HIM. But he could not stay all the time at the same place, and changed his hiding place several times during the lew days the police allowed him to roam about the town. Of course all his movements were closely watched. "When he was arrested all who gave him a temporary refuge were arrested likewise. Golzeff, Nicolaev and Snkolofl were in their number all men ot good social position, professors, editors of influential papers, members ol the Moscow Town Coun cil. All were put in prison Sokolov to gether with his wife. To the latter the shock was so great that, unprepared as she was for this rather common experience, she lost her reason after two months of solitary confinement. The others were released alter a few months' detention. As to Miss Alexandra Kopylova, who was the "principal" offender in the great crime of harborine an administrative exile escaping from his place of banishment, she had to undergo a year and a half of preliminary detention, and then was condemned, withont trial, by administrative order, to two and a half years ot imprisonment with hard labor in "The Cross," where she is up to the pres ent day. The other inmates ot the same prison have nothing heavier at their charge than Miss Kopylova. "The Cro-s" is not the only place where the administrative prisoners are immured. In 1881 the "House of Terror," the Kharkov central prison, where the early propagandists were being slowly killed, was abolished in order to ap pease Russian public opinion, which was roused by the tale of horrors which went on there. Its inmates were transferred in a body to the Kara prison. Now the Kharkov central prison is ouce again re-opened, this time for administrative prisoners,. A TASIOUS PBISOir. The husband oftbe unfortunate Nadejda Sihida, flogged to death at Kara in Novem ber, 1889, died there in 1889. Amoag those who are pining there are Petrovsky, Alex androffand Chernov,' under the charge of "connection with tho manufacturing of bombs," though the "connection" is very distant; in fact, they arc merely guilty of not having turned informers at the first lavorable opportunity. One ot them saw where the above-mentioned Orjikh was bid ing three dynamite bombs. Another, Cher nov, a man of position, and not a revolution istatall, is imprisoned because a revolution ist, who expected to be arrested in the street, lelt two bombs in his bouse without Cher nov's knowledge. When he discovered what the dangerous parcel contained he threw tne bombs in the pond instead of going with them to the police. Modern Russia presents a sad, a sicken ing sight a wholesale slaughter of the flower of our growing generation, in order that an antiquated, ruinous, degrading, bureaucratic despotism may be maintained. That slaughter is done in two ways: By means of exceptional tribunals, and' by the direct work of the administration: exile, and, since 1887, administrative imprison ment. In the period Irom 1881 to 1889, 31 persons have been sentenced to death, 171 have been immured in the for tresses most of them in Shlusselbeurg and 70 sent to the Siberian mines. The latter were the less compromised and the most fortunate, for they alone have a chance of surviving for a certain period of years at least. The 171 condemned to long terms of confinement in the fortresses may be considered as virtually condemned to death. Most of them have already died or become insane. The remainder are sure to follow them before long. To this number must be added the 150 who died or became insane in this period during the long pre liminary detention, which in Russia ex tends on the average from one and a half to two years. THE EVIL IS GBOTVINO. The total makes a figure of about 350, which is in itself imposing enough. Tne havoc appears enormous, if we think lor one moment of the moral value for a coun try of the men and women who have been so" wantonly sacrificed. But the devasta tion caused by administrative exile is far greater. During the same period the num ber of persons exiled to Siberia is reckoned at 1,700 to 1,800, and ot those exiled to the north of Russia, to Caucasus, and the east ern provinces, is at least 5,000 to 6,000. Par from abating, the system ot admiuis'rative punishment exteuds with the growth of general oppositiou. Itas always been the favorite weapon of despotism, which loves darkness, shunning instinctively even Mich light as prevails iu Hhe Russian political tribunals, where the trials are conducted with closed doors, neither the public nor the representatives ot the press beiug admitted. As we have seen', the Government is sharpening this weapon of late to make its blow more deadly. And yet a high officer ot the Russian Government, one of the pillars of the present regime, had the im pudence to tell the correspondent of the London Timet, who interviewed him, that administrative exile, ''that the fight of ar resting and condemning on suspicion is an inseparable prerogative of autocratic rule," so much so that "if the supreme power in Russia were to give up this right, it would at once cease to be autocratic." The bitterest enemies of the existing rezime in Russia have not condemned it more decisively. SxswrLUK. v " - -' " . PITTSBURG-4 DISPATCH; Mfi.DEPE'S PANACEA Postal Savings Banks tbe Solution of the Hesro Problem. IT BEINGS MATERIAL PROGRESS, And This Heam Study and Self-Edscation far the Colored Man. THE PUN IN ENGLAND AND CANADA IWB1TTK2C FOB H DisrAicn.1 ,Some time ago Chauncey Mitohell Depew delivered an address before the alumni of Yale College. This was just after his last trip South, and, in the course of his speech, the orator dwelt upon the negro problem. Mr. Depew did not, as some other persons of original minds have done, advocate the sending of the colored inhabitants of this country to Africa, nor did he seem alto gether in favor of leaving them without any sort of help or advice to work out their own fnture. Indeed, Mr. Depew seemed to think and does think that it is the duty of the Government to take steps to assist the negro to greater prosperity, to greater self-dependence, to a greater knowledge of his needs and of their remedies, and to freer in telligence of his duties as a man and as a citizen. In the course of his address Jlr. Depew said that one of the best ways, if not the best way, to assist the negro at the South, and, for that matter, not a few of the whites there as well, would be for the Government to establish there postoffice savings banks in connection with the Postoffice Department lor the benefit of small depositors. England is the home of the postoffice bank. In 1861, mainly through the efforts of W. E. Gladstone, a bill establishing such banks was passed by the House of Com mons. The system was a success from the start. In a little more than a year after it was inaugurated the deposits in these banks amounted to more than 1,500,000. At the end of 1873 the deposits all told amounted to 21,745,442. On these deposits an inter est of about 2i per cent was paid. THEIR "WONDERFUI. POPULABITT. The amount of the deposits was from time to time turned over to the Commissioners for decreasing the national debt, and by them invested in consols. At this time the limit of a year's deposits in these banks was $150. It was found advisable to limit the deposits, in order that the postal banks might not unduly compete with other banks operated by private corpora tions. Since 1873 the number of banks has increased and they have pros pered in a manner little short of marvelous. In 1886 they numbered 8,351. There were upward of 4,000,000 single deposits in these, amounting to $250,000,000. They have been highly success ul in Prance, too. In Canada there are many of these banks. They pay about 3 per cent upon deposits, the latter, of course, being limited. So far the United States have not sought to establish these banks for a number of reasons, a chief one being found in the superiority of our savings bank system. Mr. Depew held all these facts in view when he made his speech before referred to. He had examined the workings of the post office bank system while abroad, and it was as a result of this study that he recom mended their inauguration here. I met Mr. Depew just after his return from the West, and lound that be was even more confirmed in his faith in these banks than he was at the time when he first pro posed their establishment. "The thought that the establishment of postoffice banks would be a grand thing in the South, at least, has been growing upon rae since I first visited the South," said Mr. Depew." Myobservationsduringmy late trip through that section have caused me to feel even stronger that they would work great good for tbe community in general, and lor the people of the South in particular. I am confirmed that they are a great agency in the way of assisting workingraen to raise themselves above the fear of want in old age. In England the banks are managed by the Government, and there can be no risk, so the mas'ses have full confidence in them. And, on the whole, these postoffice banks fill a position that may be said to be pecu liarly their own." FOB THE NEGEO ESPECIALLY. "You had, however, the South especiallv in view, did you not, Mr. Depew, when you suggested the inauguration ot such banks in this country in connection with the Post office Department of the Government?" "I had," replied Mr. Depew, "and I had the negro especially in mind. I am not sure that postoffice savings banks are especially needed at the North. Nor am I sure that the whole population of the South needs them. You see, we are not as England is. It is not exaggerating to say that our sav ings bank system at the North at the least is well nigh perfect; England and other countries have nothing to compare with it. Even the smallest depositors can here find opportunities to place their savings where they will be sale, and will bear in interest. small but steady, and in the end by no means to be despised." "You think, theu, that the negro at the South has not the chance to invest his sav ings in ordinary savings banks?" "Precisely, that is what I think. This is true 'or several reasons. Savings banks throughout many parts of the South are very lew, and even if th-re were ordinary savings banks, it is doubtful if the negro would take advantage of their existence to any ex tent. The negro is inclined to be distrustiul of a good many things, and, on the whole, I don't know that we can blame him. He has been taken in a good many times. There was the Freedruan's Bank, you know; that made him distrustiul. There have been any number of schemes inaujurated whereby he was to be helped. In a good many cases he was not helped. He was injured, and that, not unnaturally, made him suspicious. So now he does not place that amount of faith in bankers and men who might take better care of bis earnings than he himself can. If he is ot a saving disposition, he is in a good many cases more apt to put his earnings in a stocking and hide them, than he is to trust them to a bank. CONFIDENCE IN THE GOVERNMENT. "The Government means a great deal to the colored man. He looks upon himself as the child of the Government, as in a sense he is. So I believe that tbe negro would have full confidence in banks connected with the Postoffice Department. He would understand that he would not be depositing his earnings with one man, or with a num ber of men, but with he Government, and it has been my observation that the negro has a pro ound confidence in the Govern ment Now, the Postoffice conld at com paratively littie expense establish banks throughout all the South. The depositors might be few at first, but once the system came to be understood I am satisfied that the colored peoDle would be quick to see the advantages ol it and to benefit by them. "Do you know," said Mr. Depew earn estly, "that the savings bank is a wonder ful agency in the way of improving commu nities, as well as a means lor benefiting tbe individual? I started a bank once myself up in Peekskill. I was a young lawyer then, but I had a man associated with me who knew the banking business thoroughly. Peekskill is a town of homes. It is tilled with small houses owned by their occupants. Now, I happen to know that a very large proportion of them owe their existence to that bank. When the bank was established men began to save and deposit money. Having begun they kept it up. The desire to accumulate grew, and then came the de sire to own their own homes. "Well, the bank was a means by which they were able to gratify those desires, and so they sit under their own roof and trees as a result of it. Tne same is trne of other communities. JfEEDS MATERIAL PBOSPEBITT. "In respeet to bis desire to possess money or property, tho negro is not ordinarily s'aBr. jip" 'SUNDXY, JUNE ".. 1, . speaking, aomccess. He has not been tak ing care of himself long enough. It is not so long ago that he held nothing and was a chattel himself. Now, we want to show him what industry, accompanied by econ omy and business methods will do. W e can establish these postoffice banks where everitmay be deemed proper. "We must let the negro know that the Government is behind them. I do not believe it will be very hard to make him understand this, and when he docs, he will, in my opinion, be as quick to take advantage ol the benefits ex tended to him as any one." "You consider, then, that once the col ored man begins to enjoy material prosper ity, there is no more fear for him?" "That is about it. It is not alonenis material prosperity that I am considering, however. This is a very broad and many sided question; but of this I am convinced: once the negro begins to acquire property, to own his own home, to understand busi ness methods and practice them, to appreci ate the value of money and the means by which it may be accumulated, the negro problem will to a large extent have been settled. Now, the system ot banks I have referred to will go a large way toward teach ing him,these things. It will bring about an educational process, and it will teach more than the mere accumulation of money. You see, the colored man will commence to deposit money in these banks. In the first olace, he will find that the more steadily he works and the more carefully be sayes the more money he will have, and in this way the benefits arising out of industry and economy will be impressed upon him, which is important. SEVERAL PUZZLES TO SOLTE. "Then, the matter of interest will puzzle him, and if I mistake not he will set himself tne taste ot studying out that question. Guarding money, at first, sight seems work Jor which the Government might charge. Instead, the Government pays him to be al lowed to take care of his money. There is another problem for solntion, and unless I am very much mistaken, tbe average negro will not rest until he has solved it. As his money accumulates, he hears of investments and of mortgages, it not of bonds. Here is more matter for study. If he arises to tbe dignity of becoming a property owner he is soon brought into contact with the question of taxation, of assessments, of valuations and the like, and for self-protection it is necessary for him to know something of tucso mings, ana so ne must siuay mem. "Well, this study brings him to a greater one, thatol studying government itself, and in the course of it he is called upou to con sider the men who make laws and the men who execute them aud he comes to know more and more of his duties, his rights and privileges as a citizen and as a taxpayer. So you see from the time die deposits his first dollar in the bank he is constantly meeting with something calculated to quicken his intellectual faculties and stimulate his de sire for knowledge. NO GREAT BISK INVOLVED. "The experiment of postoffice banks is not one ti'at involves any great risk, or any startling amount ot expense, and the good results that would result from it would, in my mind, amply repay the Government in the end, as it has done in other countries. notably in England and in Canada. The main thing to be done, I presume, would be to put tbe management ol the banks into the hands of the Postmaster General. Consider able discrimination would have to be used in establishing the bauss, or rather in the selection of the points where they wonld be located, and iu the appointing of officials to conduct them. But these would be matters of detail. "I suppose, on the whole, that the system that has been successful in Canada would be successinl here. Establish the postoffice banks at any and all points where tbey may be needed, nave proper facilities tor for warding the money to Washington, pay on the money a small but fair interest, and limit the deposits, just as it has been found necessary to do in other countries where the system has been tried. I am of the opinion that it would succeed from the start. At any rate, it would be worth trying." S. S. M. TJnplenaaatneia Avoided. Several months ago, Mr. Henry Plummer, of Clement, Cal., who is subject to cramps, was taken with a severe attack. He had been accustomed to get relief by dosing with morphine, but the disagrerablo effect that followed would make him miserable for hours a'ter the cramp had been relieved. I persuaded him to try Chamberlain's Colic, Cholera and Diarrhoea Remedy. He was much pleased with it, as its effect was almost instantaneous, and no disagreeable after effects accompanied its use. Ciias. Bamekt, Manager, Farmers' Trade Union, Clements, Cal. For Sale by E. G. Stucky, 1701 and 2401 Penn ave.; E. G. Stucky & Co., cor. Wylie ave. and Fultou St.; JIarkell Bros., cor. Penn and Faulkston aves.; Theo. E. Ihrig, 3610 Fifth ave.; Carl Hartwig, 4016 Butler st; John C. Smith, cor. Penn ave. and Main st.; .Tas. L. McConnel & Co., 455 Fifth ave., Pittsburjr; aud in Allegheny by E. E. Heck, 72 and 194 Federal St.; Thos. R. Morris, cor. Hanover nd Preble aves.; F. H. Eggers, 172 Ohio st., and F. H. Egers & Son, 199 Ohio at. and 11 Smithfield st. SVSU LADIES' London shirts, Ladies' derby shirts, Ladies' silk waists, ' Cheapest at Rosenbaum & Co's. Rend Tbla. Surah silks, all colors, including blacks, 34c; 25-inch India silks, 59c. Sale begins Monday, June 2. Knable & Shusteb, 55 Fifth ave. A Moat Refreshing Drink, And perfectly wholesome, is Wninirrigbt's unequaled- beer. Families supplied direct. Telephone 5525. 'WFSu Woyn reelnir. 50c dress goods, double width, reduced to 29c. Knable & Shuster, 35 Fifth ave. Fnrnltnre. You can save 20 per cent by buying now from us, the latest styles in furniture; $30,000 worth of stock must be sold within 30 days. Michigan Furniture Co., 437 Smithfield st. 8acrlO.ce of India Bilks. 19-inch goods, regular 45c quality, to go at 29c a yd. Knable & Shuster, 35'Fifth ave. Cabinet photos $1 per dozen, prompt de livery. Crayons, eto , at low prices. Lies' Gallebt, TTStt 10 and 12 Sixth st. Great Cut la Prlcea Of coats, wraps and jackets; also, summer dresses, Monday morning. Knable 8s Shusteb, 35 Fifth ave. Slntc and Wool BlanteU In great variety of forms and at prices to suit all demands. Estimates given on fur nishing your house with these necessities. James C Thompson. 640 Liberty avenue. Qtnau.im Reducrd. 15c ginghams, best goods, to go at llc a yd; 20c sateens to go at llc. Sale begins Monday morning. Knable & Shuster, 35 Fifth ave. Fob a finely cut, neat-fitting suit leave your order with Walter Anderson, 700 Smithfield street, whose stock of English suitings and Scotch tweeds is the finest in the market; imported exclusively for his trade. au Fob sals at McCoy's Sale and Exchange Stable, 61 Dnquesne way, an extra choice lot of Kentucky saddle and driving horses, at reasonable prices. ran Tuxedo awnings, a very popular stvls. Majiaux A Bon, 6S9 Pena are., Pittsburg. JOHN BULL GROWLS. Eli Perkins Finds a Great ileal of Complaining in England. CAKNOT LIVE WITHOUT AMERICA. Farmen and All Belre Knocked Oat Jonathan and Protection. Bj EELUBLE FACTS AS TO WAGES PAID rcOBHEsroxDixci or tux msiMTcn.l Warwick, England, May 23. As soon as the City of Borne passed out beyond Long Branch and Coney Island and struck deep water it became as usual quite cold. But the third day we got into the Gulf stream; suddenly the temperature of the water changed from 5C to 74 and summer was upon us. The Gulf stream brought 'its tropical dishes and fowls. That evening the first flying-fish came on hoard. It came sailing like a swallow against the rigging, and fell dying on the deck. It was six inches long, had the head of a bull, head and nose covered with silver scales like the young shad. Its wings measured five inches. The.cook boiled it for breakfast, and it tasted as sweet as a Spanish mackerel. By and by a second and third flying-fish struck the rigging. "Ah I tbe bonitos are chasing them I" said the old sailor. "And what is a bonito?" I asked. "A bonito is a species of mackerel. He chases the flving-fish. who, to get away from him, jumps into the air and sails in the wind about 30 feet, and "And saves his life?" I anticipated. "No, not always. The frigate birds follow the flying-fish, and when they fly from the water to escape the bonito, the bird pounces on them in the air. There! don't you see that bird with its long forked tail balanced In the air. It rests on the water like a swal low perfectly still. It's watching a flying fish now." And sure enough in a moment a flying-fish appeared and was caught in the mouth ot the frigate bird, who soared away with it. I forgot to say that the bladder of the flying-fish which we ate this morning was lonr inches long, and when extended was an inch in diameter. Both the flying-fish and the frigate bird belong to the tropics, unless car ried north by the warm Gulf stream. THE AW'FLY FUNNY ENGLISHMAN1. England is the hub of the commercial aud social world, and no one knows this better than the Englishman. He doesn't as sume it, he tnows it. It is instinct with him. He says the Anglo-Saxon is the sur vival of the fittest, and we are the fittest. I was amused at Queenstown, where I met a party of tourists who had just been doing the Lakes of Killarney. when L aseed a John Bnll who it was wbo made up the Killarney party, he said: "We had a rum fellow from Glasgow, a blarsted Yankee from Chicago, a bloody Irishman from Cork, a Canuck chap from Toronto and two English geutlemen." The Englishman loves a good story, but his best ones always come Irom America, where our wits grind them out by the col umn. The Englishman who reads the Lon don Times always believes every story printed in a newspaper. Only to-day a steady going John Ball said to me: "You have queer people in St. Louis, haven't yon?" "Whv?" 1 asked. "Because," he said, "Don'chew know I read a strange story in a newspaper about a St. Louis lady. Some one asked her on the steamer if she had been presented at court wnile in Jondon, and sne said: " 'Well, no. I did'nt go to court myself, but my husband did, but he got let off with merely a nominal fine.' " Then as his single eye glass fell off, he re marked: xix-traordinary. wasn t itv Then, after a moment's "deep thought, he screwed on his eyegliss and continued solemnly: "I dare say this St Louis story is true, fori really read it in a Chicago news paperl" CHANOES IN ENGLAND. This is my third trip down through England within 25 years, and I find many changes. These changes are not in archi tecture, but in the status of the people. There are streets and houses in, Chester, Shrewsbury, Warwick and Stratford which have not changed in 300 years. Probably the best specimens of buildings built when Shakespeare was a boy and Queen Elizabeth was on the throne are to be found in Shrewsbury. Twenty-three years ago I found England a great cultivated garden. Now it is a pasture. You can ride miles now and not see an acre of plowed ground. Then wheat was worth $2 50 a bushel, hay $40 a ton, beefsteak 25 cents a pound and' bacon 20 cents. Now you can buy Ameri can wheat for $1 a bushel, hay for 517 a ton, American beefsteak for 16 cents and Ameri can bacon for 10 cents. The price of produce which can be sent from America has been reduced about 50 per cent. This is why the poor English farmer, who is farming on'land worth $300 an acre, is growing poorer and poorer every year. This is why the old wheat fields have grown up to grass, and why sheep and cattle are grazing where great crops used to be raised. This is why English farmers are fleeing to Canada aud the States, or almost starving at home When I asked a produce dealer where prices would co to in England when Amer ica consumed her own produce, bc,said: "There will be a famine here. Flour will go to $30 a barrel, butter will advance to 70 cents a pound, and beefsteak to 36 cents. With their present low wages our people would suffer or starve." "Then you are really dependent on America?" AMERICA DOESN'T NEED ENGLAND. "Ol course we are. We could not live without her, but America lately seems to be getting on without us." "How?" I asked. "Why your manufacturers are knocking (he life out of ours. We are taking your provisions, but you are not taking our manufactured articles as you used to." "How do you account for this?" "It is because you are making things so cheap in America that we can't pay the tariff and compete with you. You are making carpets, shoes, cotton cloth, cotton shirts and stockings, and cheap woolen cloth almost as cheap as we are. "What are you going to do about it?" I asked. "We can do nothing, but gradually re duce our manufactories here, move them to America, or buy your manufactories. This buying American manuiactories is hurting us in EiiL'lnnd now. We have sent to Amer ica nearly 100,000,000 ($480,000,000) to buy vuur uiauumciorics. J. ill 3 is maKlug naru times here, and will make good times with you. Free trade with America or a very low tarifi", which neither party in America wants, would make better times,in England, but we despair ever getting it." Twenty years ago you could hardly buy a farm in Eneland at -any price, and never under $300 an acre. Now, I see many farms for sale at $120 an acre. But no one wants a farm in England. No one can farm prof it ibly here on $200 land and compete .with $20 land in America, with freights 20 cents ,.r 100 pounds Irom New York City. If the American farmer could once come to Eu rope, and realize how much better he is off than the English or German farmer, he would lift up hit head and rejoice at his prosperity. He would complain no more. Yes, there is a great land depression in England. "Many business men In Warwickshire," said Mr. Perkins, a butcher, here, "are go ing into bankruptcy. See the 'to let' and 'for sale' on our houses. No business is pay ing. I am running my own business now at a loss, hoping for good times again." TACTS ABOUT JUrOLlSS WAOCS, Xiet tali Uaiol wage, from tat ItUiwaJ themselves, and not from books and news papers. XLe housemaid at Leamington told me her wages were $1 25 a week. "And do all the girls in Leamington work as cheap as this?" I asked. "Yes, and many cheaper," she said. 'At Chester I went among the railroad em ployes or the Great Western Kailroad. In answering my question an English con ductor or trainnun said: "I get $30 a month, the engineer gets from $40 to $60 a month and the fireman gets $28 a month. We ail board ourselves." These wages are doubled in America. When I asked a farm laborer at War wick about his wages he said: "I do get 14 shillings a week and butch er's meat a Saturday," which meant that he got $3 50 a week and boarded himself, but on Saturday had fresh meat given him. Other wages in Warwickshire are as fol lows: The house painter gets $7 20 a week, the harness maker $7, the blacksmith $6 50, the genera farm hand $14 per month, the genera laborer 8 cents an hour and 'board themselves. The printer who gets about 40 is''r y The Leading Feature In our Big Stores is Millinery. No such goods, no such varieties and no such prices ANYWHERE, except at DAN ZIGER'S AND NO CHARGE FOR TRIMMING. SPECIALS IN LADIES' MUSLIN UNDERWEAR. GOWNS of the finest muslin, Yokes of fine Medeci Laca and fine Embroidery; regular price, $3 25; our price, $1 74 GOWNS Theiinest Valenciennes Lace, Yoke and fine tuck ing, the best cambric; regular price, $2 25; our price, $1 24. GOWNS Yoke of all-over Embroidery; regular price' $1 99; our price, $1 24. GOWNS with Yoke of fine insertion, embroidery and fine; tucks, with embroidered ruffle around neck and .sleeves;- - regular price, jpi 79; our price, 99 ceach. GOWNS with tucked Yoke, cambric ruffle around neck and sleeves, good quality of muslin; regular price, 89c; oui price, 49c. SKIRTS The finest cambric, with Yoke band, with ruffla of wide Medeci Lace and insertion; regular price, $3 49; our price, $2 50. SKIRTS The finest of cambric and muslin, with ruffle otv fine Medeci Lace and tucks; regular price, 2 24; our price, $1 49. SKIRTS The best muslin, with yoke band and ruffle of fine embroidery, 18 inches deep, with fine tucks; regular price, $3 24; our price, $1 99. SKIRTS with ruffle of lace and lace insertion; regular price,' $1 79; our price, 99a ' SKIRTS made of good muslin, with deep ruffle and tucksj regular price, 79c; our price, 39c. CHEMISES made with square, V-shape yoke,of fine Valen ciennes Lace, Medici Lace and Embroidery of the finest muslin and cambric; regular price, $1 79; our price, 99c. CHEMISES with solid Yoke of Lace and Embroidery, fine tucking, the best muslin; regular price, 89c; our price,49c, CHEMISES, regular price, 39c; our price, 25a DRAWERS Our finest Valenciennes, Medice, Thorshow and embroidered trimmed Drawers, regular price, $2 25, $1 99, $1 79; now $1 24. DRAWERS Embroidered and lace trimmed Drawers, made of the best muslin; regular price, 99c; now 59a INF ANTS' and Children's Department complete. SURPRISES IN CORSETS. One lot of Corsets, sizes 26 and 27, at 39c; former price, 79c. Another lot, different styles, and worth 99c, at 49c each. The R. & G. Corsets at 75c each. The Broadway Cor set at 50c each, No. 263 C. P. Corset ar. $t 49; sold at $2 50. LACES AND EMBROIDERIES Black Lace Guipure Flouncings at 98c to $1 49 per yard and upward. Black Lace Chantilly Flouncings at $1 24 to $1 49 and upward. Black Lace Drapery Nets at 74c 98c, $1 49, $1 74 per yard. Point du Gene Lace for Capes at 83c, $1 19,.$! 24 and1 $1 49 per yard. Narrow Black Lace in variety of styles. , White Lace in Van Dyke Points at 14c, 16c, 19c and, 24c per yard. Torchon Laces from 3c per yard up, 24-inch m Embroidered Flouncings at 39c, 49c and 69c per yard. 42-inch Embroidered Flouncings at 74c, 89c and 09c per yard. ( ,Van Dyke Point Embroidery alt 19c 24c and 39c per yard. ": Narrow Hemstitched Embroidery, 24c, 39c and 49c per, yard. Narrow and Wide Embroideries in Swiss and Cambric; . also Swiss and Cambric Insertions to match. BELTS are all the go, and we are now showing the.' best assortment in the two cities. '. DANZIGER'S, Sixth Street and Penn Avenue, PITTSBTJBO-, 3?-rfL. 18, cents per 1,000 In America gets 14 cent here. HUMOROUS AND DIDN'T KNOW IT. I met a Glasgow Scotchman on the City of Eome who had been a journalist In tho States. His conversation was so precise and matter of fact that it became humor. When I asked him what newspaper ha wrote for, be said: "I write serious editorials for the Glasgow Herald." "Did von ever try to write humorous a ticle?"I asked. ; "Very seldom," he said. "I am very good at comprehensive serious writing, bnt mv wit, I fear, is constrained, I joke witL . difficulty." At Liverpool the Scotchman innocently perpetrated the best joke ot the year. Ha went to the purser of the steamship and said, verv solemnly: ''When I took mv passage, Mr. Eidge-"' way, of the 'Anchor Line, said it would take eight day. We have made it in seven, and it would be only just for them to allow us something lor the day s ride we pay for, bat do not get." Eli Perkins. -Si -'3 V P &JZZ azrJ
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers