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THE PITTSBURG- DISPATCH. SUNDAY, APEIL 27, 1890.
19
AN; EQUATORIAL CITY.
The Commercial Emporinin of the
Republic of Ecuador, S. A.
ARCHITECTURE FOR EARTH QUAKES
One Good Tropical Rain Would Melt Every
House in Gnajaquil.
FOREIGNERS FUKNISH ENTERPRISE
ICORRISrOVDEKCK ' TD DISrATCX.1
Guayaquil, Ecuadoe, S. A., March 5.
TJDGING from the
verbal and nrinted
statements of all
travelers 'who have
visited this place,
everybody's mental
experiences are
about tbe tame ex
aggerated ideas of
Oriental splendor,
when the citr is first
seen by the uncer
tain light of gas or
moon, as the steamer
arrives after night
fall and drops her
anchor a mile ont in
the river; and griev
ous disappointment
at a nearer daylight
view. The princi
pal street of the city
faces the river, ex"
tending two miles
or more along its
banks; other streets
Charcoal Peddler, rising terrace-like,
one behind another, up the sloping hillsides.
Over every door a lamp is hnng; and
when thousands of these lights along the
levee and in the town, are doubled by their
own reflection in the water, the effect is
dazzling. In the center ol it towers the
three-storied "Palacio" of its Government,
uplifting a qnaint old tower, with a clock,
like a warning finger pointing to the flight
of time; and on eitner hand are long rows of
massive buildings, whose white walls gleam
like purest marble. Every upper story has
a balcony, hung witu canvas curtains,
the latter rolled up when the heat
of the day is over; and the balconies, pro
jecting outward, form long series of arches
over tbe sidewalks, precisely like the Bue
de Kivoli, in Paris." The lower floors are
occupied by the shops, all gorgeous with
lights and colors; and the whole popula
tion, who remain indoors by day to escape
the heat, turn out en masse in the evening.
Strains of martial music from the barracks,
mingled with the clang of vesper bells,
come floating on the breeze; and the river,
like the streets, is alive with gaily dressed
people, paddlinc about in narrow gondolas
and broad-bosomed rafts, to the music ot
guitars and mandolins, folk-songs and
happy laughter.
BEIGHT ANTICIPATIONS DISPELLED.
But alasl The first peep of dawn dispell
all virions of Oriental, Parisian or Venetian
magnificence. Those stately, marble-like
casas, with their curtained balconies and
beautiful arches, prove to be dilapidated,
earthquake shaken structures of white
washed mud and bamboo; the gondolas are
mere dug-outs, or primitive rafts made of
logs lasbed together with vines; and the
"gaily dressed populace" are mostly un
dressed Indians and dirty hall-breeds
slouching along in blankets and red flannel
petticoatsl
The aquatio citizens of Ecuador seem
quite as much at home in the water as ont
of it, and the business of boatmen appears
to be the most lucrative that can be engaged
in. So far as clothes are concerned, thev
are about as nearly "in a state of nature"
as any humans we ever came across the
best dressed among them wearine nothing
more than a straw hat, a greasy string with
a blessed medal or charm attached, the lat
ter about three inches square, restlUg on tbe
breast like a small lung protector or porous
plaster, and a scanty pair of bathing trnnks,
as much resembling trousers as the breech
clout ot a cannibal. Among tbe Spanish
and Indian rabble we noticed a few China
men and Italians and a good many negroes,
who have probably drifted down here from
tbe mosquito coastof Jamaica.
Our party selected a sable Sambo, who
towered head and shoulders above his fel
lows and swing stairof fists like well-cured
hams, and engaged him for the day in the
dual capacity of Charon and cicerone not
on account of his beauty (he was about the
most unprepossessing specimen I ever be
held), but because he declared himself a
genuine Philadelpbian, a direct importa
tion from the "City of Brotherly Love."
A MABKET OS 'WATEE.
The Guayas liver at thispoint looks much
like the Mississippi in the neighborhood of
New Orleans. We were surprised to find a
regular water market stretching all along
the edge of the town, where boats laden with
all mannerof produce were drawn up closely
as possible, while the owners stood on shore
shouting the merits of their respective wares.
All tbe city's provisions, raised in outlying
gardens and plantations, are brought down
the river on balsas, rafts, and thus exposed
The River at Ovayaquit
for sale. There were vegetables of all de
scriptions, fish whoe like we bad never
seen before, Irom snaky eels to enormous
cow bass, sold in slices; poultry which kept
up a vigorous cackling in their cane cages,
and all varieties of tropical fruits perfuming
the air, in spite or the reeking Odors of their
venders and tbe vicinage. Most noticeable
of all were the pineapples, for which
Ecuadoris particularly famous as producing
the best in the world some of them large as
an ordinary water bucket, white as snow in
side and sweet as honey.
A narrow-gauge trainvia or horse-car line
runs from the landing to the outskirts of the
town, a distance of neatly three miles; and
upon its cars all the products of the adjacent
plantations that are not brought down in
boats for the city's daily use are conveyed
to the dock and thence by lighters to ships
in the harbor. The passenger cars (of
United States make) have a queer little
winding stairway leading from the rear
platform to the top, where two seats, placed
back to back, extend from end to end. The
outside fare is second-class in price, and no
Ecuadorian with any pretensions to social
standing could be induced to avail himself
of it. Those outer teats, however, are in
finitely prererable both for observation
and fresh air to the stuffy interior; and at
the peril of losing caste entirely we clam
bered to the summit and made our debut in
the dusty streets of Guayaquil among "los
pobres.
HOW TO PEONOUNCE EC
By the way, the name ol the town and I
T
w. 1
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gulf is pronounced as if spelled X-ah-keel,
and of the river as Y-ai, the former accented
on the final syllable, tbe latter on the first
The ancient name of the city was Culenta,
and it was rechristened by the Spaniards
Santiago de Guayaquil, first because tbe
conquest of the province was finished on
the 25th day of July (the (jay of St. James,
or in Spanish Santiago), and secondly,
after the Inca Guayas, a feudatory cacique
of the great Atahuallpa. Culenta was con
quered bv one ol Pizarro's lieutenants, in
tbe year 1535, and received' its charter under
the new name from Carlos Y.
The city has apresent population of 40,000
or thereabouts. The streets are compara
tively straight, most of them crossing each
other at right angle. A few ate crooked
and narrow, lined with tbe most squalidof
hovels and abounding in vile smells beside
which far-famed cologne is "Araby the
blest" There is not the slightest attempt at
sewerage in Guayaquil, and enongh filth
lies loose about its streets every day to breed
a pestilence that would depopulate the
largest of our Northern cities. But though
only two degrees removed from the equator
and on a level with tbe sea, Guayaquil is
reckoned among the most salubrious of
South American cities barring occasional
brief epidemics of cholera, yellow fever
and smallpox, indigenous to theselocalities,
confidently expected as flies in mid-summer
and almost as little feared.
That there is any degree of bealthfulness
is largely due to the buzzards, those uselul
and industrious scavenger birds that blac ten
every roof and reluse heap, whose lives are
protected by law, a heavy fine being the
penalty for killing one of them, and to the
tact that the adjacent gulf has a tide of 20
feet, the great flow,.ot water in and out
every day preventing impurities from col
lecting. The temperature hereabouts seldom
rises above 95, and always after 2 o'clock
V. M. it grows pleasant as a New England
morning in June, owing to a landward
breeze called chandery which blows directlv
over tbe ice-capped Andes, bringing health
and cooling to the coast that would other
wise be almost uninhabitable.
THE ENTEBPBISIN Q FOEEIGNERS.
Though a full century behind the times,
Guayaquil is the only place In Ecuador in
which any degree ot modern civilizatisn
exists, yet its limited march of progress is
not at all due to Ecuadorians. Its street
car line was projected and built by citizens
of the United States, as were also its gas
works, factories and most other improve
ments. An American company owns and
controls a line of paddle-wheel steamers on
the Bio Guayas, which were constructed in
Baltimore; and the only gunboat in posses
sion of the Government is a worn-out mer
chant ship, now covered with corrugated
A VIEW OP
iron, which years ago plied between New
York and Norfolk. Even the Custom
House, by all odds the largest and hand
somest structure in the section, was built by
a New Yorker, of pine from the forests of
Maine and corrugated iron from Pennsyl
vania. Though the old town has been the one
market lor more than 500 miles of sea coast
for thiee centuries and a half, it is to-day
nearly destitute of native capital, most of its
merchants being foreigners. Its commerce
would doubtless be much greater were it not
for the alarming frequency of earthquakes.
Though the sea coast is somewhat removed
from tbe great center of disturbance, and
Ecuador has perhaps suffered fewer shak-ings-up
than Pern and Chili, yet all this
Andean country is the paradise of earth
quakes, and Guayaquil has been several
times destroyed by them.
EABTHQUAKE AECHITECTUEE.
The most princely mansions in Guayaquil,
even the grand cathedral, the" Governor's
palace and the City Hall, are hollow squares
ot wood and adobe, plastered inside and out.
and roofed with red tiles: while by far the
greater number are straw-thatched skeletons
of bamboo and dried mnd, with no windows
and olten without doors, the hare earth serv
ing for flooring. Very properly in this
climate, the edifices are constructed not only
with a view to withstand earthquake shocks,
but to admit air instead of excluding it.
Some ol the best houses have a face of un
planed boards, sawed by hand and placed
upright, giving them all the dignity of
brown stone fronts on Murray Hill. Others
are made bv planting tree trunks previously
hewn square, five feet" deep in the clayey
soil, with horizontal timbers framed between
for the support of the floors, and split bam
boo nailed on for siding, as we put on lath.
The sides are then daubed with mud; ana
when it is thoronghly dried, the fronts are
elaborately stnecoed, and afterward repeat
ed coats of white paint add the marble-like
appearance that misled us from a distance.
The poorer casas are like King Solomon's
temple, in one particular only, that in them
the sound of the hammer was never heard,
for not a nail do they contain, their bamboo
frame work having been tied together with
withes, and the lattice-like foundation lor
tbe thatch of dried grass being held fast in
tbe same manner. In these airy mansions
the reed partitions meet none of the demands
of privacy, and windows would be super
fluous. A BAIN WOULD MELT THE CITY.
Fortunately it never rains along this coast.
for one hearty tropic shower would disin
tegrate the whole city. The most violent
earthquake has little effect upon this style
of architecture and if a few houses are
tumbled down now and then it does not cost
much to rebuild them. Conflagrations are
more serious matters, as there is no sort of
water works or fire department, and a blaze,
once started, sweeps the city clean. LucKily
the domestic arrangements of the people re-
ouire little fire, the cuisine being conducted
over a pile ot sticks lighted out of doors, or
a small charcoal pot, or at best a sort of
altar made of adobe, borne o these bamboo
houses are furnished with real elegance
carpets, hangings and upholstered couches
from England, pianos and harps from Ger
many, and ornaments from France, Spain
or Italy.
The greatest danger to the town is from
the torch of the revolutionists, before which
it would burn like tinder; and as revolts are
of Irequent occurrence, owing to the divided
public sentiment between the Liberal party
and the Pupal element, tbe people live in
perpetual apprehension. Over the entrance
to many of the oetter houses are large
squares ortin, painted to represent the flag
ot the country from which the owner halls
and a printed notice to incendiaries or rev
olutionary looters, like the following: "The
proprietor of this house is a citizen of Great
Bntian" or of Germanv, France, the
United States, as the case may be; the rob
ber or torchbearerbeingjexpected to stand in
wholesome awe of that foreign Government
and to believe in the length and strength of
its protecting arm.
RESIDENCE OP THE PBESIDENT.
During the greater portion of the year the
President of the Bepublio does not live In
his palace at Quito, the capital, but here in
Guayaquil in gloomy barracks, surrounded
by bare-footed soldiers, where he can keep
an eye on the customs whence his revenue
is derived and find easy escaps should some
rival get up a revolution strong enough to
uuatiuiu. cuiii uiinuie-aown lortress over
looking me town, the tunny
little ennhnnt
in the h-.rhnr nnrf n hunHf nl nf linn..... i i
Ing soldiers, serve to keep the ease-loving
1 s'iS' TXi JMi
people of the vicinage in perfect subjection.
The city supports two newspapers named
respectively Los Andes and La Pafrt'o.
They are generally issued at least ten days
behind date, or whenever it happens to suit
the convenience of the editors, for in this
Acadia nobody troubles himself much about
the doings of the outer world. Every night
CJW.
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'
An Average Home.
the principal streets are patroled by watch
men, and the cry they send forth to mark
the hours is as musical as that of the Muez-
'zin in Constantinople. For example, at mid
night tney sing out Ave .Maria .funs
sima ! Los doce han dodo. Noche claro y
sereno. Viva la Patria 1" "Twelve o'clock
has come. The night is clear and serene.
Long live patriotism."
Fannie B. "Wabd.
15 OSTRICH FEATHER CLOAK.
The Five Hundred Dollar Garment of Hiss
Mnrlo Letter, of Washington.
Mrs. Grundy's Washington Letter.
Next to an elegant dress a woman likes
best a handsome opera cloak. They repre
sent one of the most expensive articles of a
wardrobe, the material costing from 88 to
$20 per yard, but being of such width that
it only takes four or five yards. The least
expensive of them are 575. and one that
Miss Marie Leiter wean must have cost
(500. It is of white silk, and covers her
from throat to dress-hem. It is the simplest
thing in the world, and a thoughtless man
would offer his wife a $10 bill to duplicate
GUAYAQUIL.
it. But if he should see it thrown back he
would whistle the "X" to the winds, lor it
is completely lined with the finest matched
ostrich tips that the Paris cloakmaker could
get by ordering them direct from the
ostrich farms, as the girl, who is dark as
Cleopatra, opens it to throw it aside one
draws the. breath at the poetic effect
Older ladies as a rule wear shorter cloaks
of the visite style, although Mrs. Stephen
J. Field, who is an authority on dress, has a
dark blue velvet trimmed with long-haired
white for that reaches to the floor. Mrs.
Harrison has a handsome shore cloak which
she usually keeps on when at the theater.
It is of white embossed velvet trimmed with
white marabout feathers. As she sat in the
box with the family of Secretary Noble one
night she looked positively superb, for the
wrap was thrown back and her iron-gray
hair was dressed very high and slightly
powdered. Bight opDosite her in a box
with the Blaines was Mrs. Morton in a short
wrap of blue and gray cloth lined with pale
pins: suk.
Senator Stewart has an overcoat which
half the women at the capital are dying to
have to line a cloak. It is of the fur of the
Eolar bear and reaches to his heels, making
im look with his white beard like a Santa
Clans.
INGROWING TOE KAILS.
A Cnro That ! Simple bat Not Terr Pleas
ing; to Think Of.
Dew York Herald.
Dr. Hoffman, of Munich, has 'recently
published a process of treating ingrowing
nails which has at least the merit of being a
simple one. The process is cauterizing the
spot with perchloride of iron. At the same
time the edge of the nail should be raised a
little and fixed in that position until a dry
scab is formed. As soon as this result has
been obtained that is to say, in two or
three days, or even sooner, when the wound
is destined to suppurate eventually, an at
tempt should be made to remove" with a
forceps the scab which has been formed at
the point where the cauterization was ap
plied, to lay bare the granulating surface
underneath.
The hemorrhage which is cansed by this
manipulation is checked by means of a
fresh application of perchloride of iron.
After three or four days the scab should
again be removed, and so on time
after time until the lump formed
by the flesh at the point of the
ingrowing nail has been entirely destroved.
On the other hand at the second or third
day ot this treatment the edge of the dis
eased nail, which the perchloride of iron
has reduced to a very brittle state, can be
removed without pain with u small pair of
scissors or with a dull knife. To avoid all
recurrence it will be well to place small
pieces of cork beneath tbe fold of skin which
covers the side of tbe nail.
WlLKbS BOOTH'S PICTURE.
A Reproduction of a Photograph In the Pos
session of His Old Sweetheart.
The interview with Miss Louise "Worces
ter, of Birmingham, Ala., in which she as
serted that Wilkes Booth, the assassin of
Lincoln, was not shot iu Garrett's barn, as
history records, has attracted a great deal of
attention. The interview occupied three
columns of last Sunday's Dispatch. Miss
Worcester has at her residence in Birming
ham a trunk full of trinkets given her by
Booth when they were lovers during the
war. Among them is a photograph of the
actor. Last week The Dispatch's corre
spondent was permitted to take a photograph
of the original in Miss Worcester's posses
sion, and it is reproduced herewith. The
picture was taken when Booth was in his
zenith as an actor.
j-J ' "tWk
un l,jmr. m -.
THEY CAN MOTE OUT.
Bessie Bramble Says the Harrisons
Aren't Tied to Washington.
THE FAULTS OP THE WHITE HOUSE
Not Bo Great as Correspondents Quote the
Pint Lady as Saving.
HOW MORIS BOOM MIGHT BE HAD
fWBITTEX FOB THB DISPATCH.!
A recent correspondent, writing with the
consent and assistance of Mrs. Harrison,
draws a pathetio picture of the straits and
inconveniences to which the wife of the
President is subjected owing to the striking
fact that "there is no such thing in the
White House as a private reception or
sitting room," This will strike the house
keeper with anv pretensions to style, or
perhaps even comfort, as a most lamentable
and extraordinary state of affairs that there
should be the magnificent East Boom, the
gorgeons Bed Boom, the beautiful Green
Boom and the lovely Blue Boom, all on the
first floor, and yet Mrs. Harrison cannot
have a good social time with her friends be
cause there is no place to entertain them but
a corner of the upper hall separated irom
the main portion by a walnut partition only
half as high as the ceiling.
To entertain private friends socially and
talk over people and Cabinet affairs and
administration gossip in so exposed a place
must be intolerable indeed, since unawares
to the occupants of tbe improvised sitting
room, who knows but that there might be
somebody "swooping around" behind that
board partition listening for items and good
stories and court secrets. To avoid such
danger aud secure real privacy, Mrs. Har
rison and the other ladies, says the scribe,
are olten compelled to take their friends
into their bedrooms. This is an absurdity
that may possibly bring a blush of shame to
the cheek of every American voter. It is
altogether in the natural order of things
that the ears of all men, who are responsi
ble, should burn also, as they contemplate
this lamentable display of smallness iu the
President's house, and imagine how their
stinginess is commented upon by those who
have to entertainompany in the bedrooms.
SEEMS TO BE A NEW COMPLAINT.
It is a little strange that nothing has
been beard of this distressing condition of
affairs during previous administrations.
Mrs. Adams, who first occupied the historic
mansion, found it vastly too large and
utilized the great East Boom for drying the
clothes on wash day. However, times have
changed since then, as we all know, still
now, as then, only one family was supposed
to occupy it and as Mr. and Mrs. Harrison
have oqly two children instead of the old
fashioned family ot 10 or 12 it is a little
hard to see why, even with all the nine
teenth century desire to spread, the present
"first lady" should have no room in the
great mansion in which to entertain her
friends. With a great reception room and
three smaller parlors it seems somewhat
wonderful that Mrs. Harrison, as mistress
of tbe house, does not appropriate one for
herself. With her brains and capabilities
as a housekeeper, it is easy to' see that she
conld so command the situation as to take
one of these for the reception of her private
friends. ; K ;
If things were in such dire condition, as
represented by the correspondent, Mr. and
Mrs. Bussell Harrison could go home to
Montana and occupy their own beautiful
house at Helena or Mrs. McKee and the
babies could go back to Mr. McKee, who
must be deplorably lonely without them
or, this not being deemed a pleasant solu
tion of the uncomtortable problem, the "old
gentleman" might rent an office for himself
outside and give np his bnsiness rooms in
the White House.
A MAN IS A NUISANCE.
Everybody knows it is a nuisance to have
a man puttering and pottering around the
hqnse all day, anyhow. Nobody can doubt
that Mrs. Harrison had a nicer, quieter time
at home when "Benjamin" went off to his
office, or the House, or the Senate, and re
turned at the proper time for his meals, and
to spend the evenings quietly with ber, or
in going to church and prayer-meeting. The
President could have a gorgeous suite of
rooms at the Capitol, where he could be
seen of all men and fill offices with as much
satisfaction to the country and "the bosses"
as in the beautiful rooms he now occupies,
and these could then be devoted to Mrs.
Harrison and the other ladies of the White
House.
Moreover, if this were not deemed proper,
and the worst came to the worst, the Presi
dent could secure a private house outside
for his family that might become as famons
as "lied Top" and be a paying investment
of as large dimensions as the country re
treat of his predecessor. Cleveland paid
$30,000 for Bed Top and sold it for over
$100,000. The advantages of such apian,
even apart from the money profit, seem
manifest. But the gain made on Cleve
land's home is not to be sneezed at. It was
as much as would set the President's family
up very handsomely when they go home to
Indianapolis.
But while the "meager accommodations"
of the White House are so harassingly
dwelt upou by the correspondent, it is some
satisfaction to know that the miserable hall
corner room has been made quite comfort
able and attractive, so much so that Mrs.
Harrison spends much time in it. It must
be quite a fair sized place, too, we should
judge, since it contains an upright piano, a
lounge, a writing desk, a table of potted
decorative plants, two cabinets for the dis
play of pottery, bric-a-brac and a few
chairs. Without a woman's taste and skill
it wonld, says the writer, be rather "a
dreary den."
WOEKINO IN HEB DEN.
In this "den" Mrs. Harrison looks over
her mail which, us accounts go, is a most
formidable one, but most of the letters
are such as can be answered with
a formal refusal, being solicitations
for charity, for influence, "for crazv quilt
patch's, recipes, autographs and all such
stuff. In this counterfeit sitting room Mrs.
Harrison receives the steward of the White
House, whose salary is paid by the Govern
ment, and with whom she consults as to how
ends are to be made to meet on the "beggar
ly appropriation doled out by Congress for
the President and his family." This is de
scribed as a most onerous task, and Mrs.
Harrison has to study over ways and means
as rigorously, and with her forehead puck
ered quite as closely, as if she were a house
keeper with a husband, on a slender salary.
This is what one of the correspondents as
serts as true, but we venture to say there are
millions of women who will not believe a
word of it. With a salary oi $50,000 a year,
a furnished house free--no rent with serv
ants to keep it in order, with the washing
done gratis by the Government, with con
servatories to furnish flowcrs-at the expense
of the country, with all the arrangements
for the reception and comfort ot guests
paid lor out of the, public lunds,
with an appropriation of $8,000 a
year for breakage and new furnishings
it is bard to see why Mrs. Harrison should
worry over the housekeeping, and call tor
larger appropriations from a niggardly
nation.
"People imagine the President and his
family living on a pinnacle of splendor,
whereas any other house iu town almost
offers more real comiort to its occupants,
and there are a hundred houses where more
art and luxury are found in the finish and
fittings," says this correspondent
NO CHAIN HOLDING THEM.
This may be true, but the fact remains
that there are plenty of people on this con
tinent with a hundred times as much money
as tbe Harrisons who would be delighted to
change places with them. Mr. and Mrs.
Harrison conld go home to their comfort of
a sitting room in their pretty house in In
dianapolis. As to there being no room that ean be
used as a private reception parlor in the
White Honse, it may as well be said here
that the correspondent is wrong, since plenty
of visitors to Washington can testify that
the only room ordinarily held open to the
public is the great East Boom, and that there
are lackeys and ushers enough around to
prevent the prying of those who would fain
see more of their property.
The White House is a historic mansion,
and the associations about it have endeared
it to the people who own it, and who desire
to visit it and to see it. Mrs. Hayes under
stood this feeling, and when delegations ot
ladies visited her by appointment she took
pleasure in showing them all over the house
General Grant's room, Garfield's bedroom
where he spent so many days and weary
nights of pain; Nellie Grant's maiden med
itation room, and others and in pointing
out the furniture and pictures of ancient re
nown nr note. The growing complaints of
its latter day inmates savor of affectation, or
a desire for royal privileges that do not tall
into concord with republican ideas. All of
the discomforts groaned over and deplored
by those whose aggrandizement is due to ac
cident, to preponderance of votes to popular
favor, to the intrigues of parties, or machine
politics, are merely the penalties of great
ness that should be submitted to graciously
and endnred heroically. Those who aspire
to the Presidency should count the cost, and
if the game to them is not worth the candle
it can easily be given up.
THE CBANK3 AND BOBES.
Mrs. Harrison has to put up with the
bores and cranks who annoy her with letters,
and importune her for autographs and silk
patches, and solicit opinions on marriage,
and cbaperones, and Christmas dinners, lor
publication, but she should remember that
even the sweetly private home iu Indianap
olis was. not secure against incursions of
book agents, ticket selling fiends and ped
dlers of every sort and size and description
that are as tiresome and exasperating as the
bores ot society.
Having to get along without a sitting
room or private reception room is a depriva
tion most deplorable, to be sure, still life
can be happily lived without one. If his
tory can be relied upon Grandfather Har
rison, of log cabin and bard cider fame,
lived in a log house with one room and a
loft, as did also the sainted Lincoln in his
youtb,-and for that matter, many of the old
first lamilies of the country have done the
same. No complaints are on record from
Mrs. Lincoln as to the "meager accom
modations" of the White Hunse, or
any remarks as to how the beggarly
appropriations were to be made to stretch
orer the expenses, and yet Lincoln's salary
was only half what is received now, but it
may have betn that she was not accustomed
to so large and luxurious a home, or because
tbe war was a more absorbing subject to
everybody. Mrs. Grant, as related, always
denounced the White House as a Presi
dent's residence bnt whether for the sitting
room grievance or the "meager accommoda
tions" is not stated but as she had lived in
a very small way at home before the war,
and had to eke-out expenses on a salary ot
$800, it is likely that she could easily ac
commodate herself to close quarters and the
absence of palatial splendor.
MBS. GRANT AND MBS. CLEVELAND.
But whatever she may have said of the
people's house, it is evident she greatly en
joyed it, since she has also said that the
eight happiest years of her life were spent
within its wallsj and tbe great General gives
testimony in bis memoirs that she wept
long and bitterly upon leaving it, and would
gladly have spent another term therein not
withstanding its narrow accommodations and
its lack of sufficient splendor and luxury
for an American royal family. Mrs. Cleve
land could secure all the privacy she de
sired by having a country home where she
could swing in a hammock and read novels
to her heart's content without being beset
by bores, but even the Clevelands com
plained of the "dear public's" desire to get
a glimpse ot the White House and its in
habitants, they not seeming to recognize the
fact that the sweets of private life were
never beyond their grasp. People there are
who do say that Mrs. Cleveland enjoyed tne
publicity and felicity of the position of the
President's wife, but Dan Lamont was the
man who cut off callers and exercised arbi
trary sway at all times in social matters.
But Mrs. Hayes, at least, was charmed
with the White House, and showed every
thing in it with unaffected pleasure. An
old friend relates that in showing him
through the house, she said: "No matter
what they build, they will never build finer
rooms than these."
As to the lurther fault findings, such as
being talked over, and criticised and per
haps abused, these are the accompaniments
of the position. When people hire a ser
vant they soon become alive to his excel
lences, his faults, his capacity and fitness,
and they have no scruples as to expressing
themselves upon the subject. Mr. Harrison
has been
HIBED AS HEAD SEBTANT
of the American people, and every man and
woman who helps to pay his wages feels
perfectly free to enlarge upon his virtues or
to criticise bis faults. He and his wile,
under the law are one, for better or for
worse, consequently she gets her share of
praise and blame as well. When a good
Presbyterian deacon gives a ball and per
mits the wickedness of dancing in his house
he can hardly complain of tbe pious Presby
terian elders who go for him in
good plain English all over the
land. When a member of church
so highly respected as the President's wife
goes to the opera and the play it is not sur
prising that the brethren and sisters pray
lor her in open meeting. It the adminis
tration is too pious to appoint a postmaster
ho plays cards, it is natural that the world
lings, who see no harm in pieces of paste
board should raise a howl over such a dis
play of prejudice.
The correspondent claims that such
changes should be made in the White House
as would make it more comfortable for the
inmates, but no fact is better established
than tbat those who get there always want
to stay, and like their quarters exceedingly.
The White House, in its plain simplicity,
stands for repulicanism, and no palace cost
ing millions and possessing all the luxuries
and refinements of rovalty will ever be so
dear to the hearts of the American people.
Bessie Bbamble.
TORTURED FOR A DOLLAR.
A Cruel Practical Joke In tbe Iand Where
Moiaultoei Thrive.
St. Lonls Republic. I
A citizen of St. Lonis was in Florida for
his health. Not being strong he had a
negro named Joe who went around with
and assisted him when necessary. . There
are mosquitoes in Florida and the St.
Lonisan was complaining one day about
their number. i
"Dat ain't nothing, boss," said the negro
servant Joe; "down in de swamp dey is ter
rible; dey is as big as galleynippers, and
wo! don't dey bite."
On arriving there they were convinced.
Mosquitoes half as big as sparrows swarmed
about them in clouds.
"Joe," said the St. Louisan, a bright
thought striking him, "how much would
you taKe to lie down on the ground here,
naked, for ten minutes and let these gallin
ippers bite you?"
"Don't know, boss," said Joe with a
shudder.
"Will yon do it for a dollar?" '
"Well, I'll try it, boss," returned the
negro, aud in a lew minutes he was down on
his stomach, as berelt of clothing as when
he was born."
The sun was shining with terrible force,
the thermometer being over a hundred iu
the shade. Joe had hardly settled himself,
when the mosquitoes swooped down on him
with wild and blood thirsty songs, and be
gan a feast. Meanwhile one of the gentle
men was holding the watch.
Tbe St. Lonisan quickly drew a sun glass
from his pocket, ana getting focus pro
ceeded to blister Joe's back in fine style.
In a tew moments it was sizzing, and the
cruel tormentor asked Joe how he lelt.
"Well, boss," sard Joe gasping, "I don't
mind the gallinippers, but boss please kill
that wasp what is sticking his stinger in
my back."
Joe got his dollar.
RISE OF SOCIALISM.
Castelar Holds Bismarck Responsible
for Germany's Dansjer.
THRIVING THROUGH PERSECUTION.
William's Care for the People and
Doctrines of Democracy.
the
SOCIAL IDEAS OF PAST AND FUTURE
rWElTTUr rOB THB DISPATCH.
More deeply interesting than any minis
terial crisis in France, to which we are ever
accustomed on account oi tbe volatility of
the Clumbers and the fickleness of its ma
jorities; than any diplomatic conflicts be
tween England Portugal; than the claims of
the Bulgarians for recognition by the
Powers; than the resignation of Bismarck
more important than any event which has
occurred in Europe during the past few
weeks or even months, is the erowth and
present aspect of German Socialism.
Bismarck himself is greatly to blame for
the present dangerous situation in the
Fatherland. While bestowing on tbe old
Emperor I refer to the proud father of the
giddy-head that now wears the imperial
crown the dangerous title of "Paternal
Cresar of the People," the Iron Chancellor
persecuted to the death all those who tried
to found a truly democratic State whose
aim shonld be extirpation of poverty. A
socialism confined to and directed by the
Government bureaus and preached from the
chairs of university professors: a socialism
set forth in carefully worded State docu
ments and legislative hills, seemed a preco
cious thing to the Chancellor when he was
in power. But this was a dangerous course.
Just as the old regimes appealed to the no
bility and clergy, Bismarck was making a
risky appeal to the fonrth estate.
GAVE LITTLE SATISFACTION.
Bismarck and old William believed in
the scientific certainty of a syncretic theory
which shall translate the doctrines of the
socialism of the professor's chair into the
practices of a state socialism. With such
an end in view Caesar and the Chancellor
succeeded only in exciting an inextinguish
able thirst oi social reform in the German
democrats when they fail to give satisfac
tion to their demands. To those who clamor
for radical remedies they offer feeble pallia
tives. Much the same thing as that which hap
pens with the Socialist ideas of the Em
peror and the Minister in Germany betell
tbe Socialist theories during tbe Bevolution
ot 1848, of Albert and Louis Blanc in
France( Neither of these theoretic Socialists
discovered a belter Socialistic formula than
that piteous revival of the ancient monas
tery idea as revealed in their national work
shops hobby; nor have the statesmen and the
Emperor in Germany found a better means
ot fulfilling their promises to the laboring
classes than by having recourse to bureau
cratic expedients, most oneroui and most
useless, or to protective laws, all alike bad
and arbitrary. These measures are very pre
tentious, but wholly inefficacious. The un
avoidable disappointment occasioned by the
recent labor Con erence will give rise to
fresh popular grievances. Their dearest
hopes once wrecked, the disinherited of the
land will sink into despair. And if in Paris
these crises engender revolutions, in Berlin
they lead to regicides.
bismabce's extbeme measures.
On a certain day, in the wide streets of
the German capital, the Socialist, Nobiling,
fired a volley of small shot at the old Em
peror, grandlatherof the present ruler, just
as if he were a deer. Bismarck took advan
tage of the indignation called forth by this
abominable crime to pass his exceptional,
coercive laws against that Socialism which
he had once encouraged and against the So
cialists whom he bad once favored. The
contradiction implied by this acceptation ot
the creed of the .sect and of its fundamental
doctrine, of a State founded in favor of the
poor, and this hunting down, like wild
beasts, of the sectarians with tbe avowed
purpose of annihilating them, perturbs the
nation from its want ot logic and its exces
sive immorality. At the same time that
rescripts are promulgated recognizing So
cialism, persecntions are carried on against
the socialists. '
One day the reaction went so far as to
propose a code similar to the old rescripts of
our Spanish Kings concerning the expul
sion of the Hebrews and Moors, similar to
the Dragoonades of Louis XIV., the pro
scription inflicted by tbe Stuarts on the
Puritans, those refugees to America who
succeeded in founding in that temple of re
ligion and liberty, a democracy and a re
public. I am reminded of Boman history.
Constantine, while establishing the perfect
liberty of the Catholic faith, tormented the
Christians; and Julian, while retroverting
to the antique religions, proscribed the
Pagans. Iu our day they would be looked
upou as madmen. And yet this is what 13
going on in Germany in regard to Social
ism. THE LEGITIMATE BESULT.
This two-fold error leads to the necessary
result, that it weakens tbe socialism which
Bismarck desired io encourage, viz., the
socialism o. the chairf and tavors the social
ism he was bent upon destroying,
viz., the socialism oi the revolu
tion. And mark that I know of
no theory so abominable as that of tbe
Socialists. The doctrine of the Levellers
in England and those of the Bahonvistes iu
France bid their brutal sophisms under tbe
electrical splendor of two fertile revelations.
The theory of St. Simon had the mystic
character of a new Divine revolution, not
unlike that promised by the seraphic abbot,
Joachim de Flora, in -the poetical middle
ages. The sensualism of Fourier resembled
a great epic poem, and sought to trans
form the universe into an immense
cathedral, in which all the passions
should have their altars. There
was much mild and gentle humanity, a
species of new Catholic dogma and ecclesi
astical liturgy, in the creed of Pierre
Leroux, to whom 'his geometry suggested
the sublime idealism of PlotinnsL Proudhon
himself, notwithstanding the inefficiency of
his solutions of economical problems, very
obvious in his books, offered a compensation
in the shape of rare and original utterances
bearing tbe double impress of a fine writer
and of a great thinker. But tbe present
germanio conception tbe coarse material
ism, tbe Vbconscious brute force, the an
archism of it, comparable only to tbe primi
tiveuess ot inferior species or to nomadic
savages in a state of constant warfare; this
collective property idea, in which individ
ual differences disappearasshadesand colors
do iu tbe dark, or as sounds are swallowed
up in 'an abyss; this school of Nihilism, this
general annihilation of everything is sui
cidal. HUBBYING TO A WOESE SEEVITUDE.
This German revolutionary socialism is
so revolting to my feelings, so destructive of
my beliefs, that ,1 am fain to curse such a
plague with the maledictions uttered by all
the martyrs and heroes of right against the
infamous tyranny of arrogant despots.
Qualified by all tbe adjectives in tbe dic
tionaries synonymous ot progress, consid
ered by many as a noble aspiration toward
the ideals and principles of democracy,
German socialism substantially means
nothing more than a retrogression to privi
lege and the old feudal regime, out of whose
clutches modern, revolutionists have deliv
ered us. And, nevertheless, this monstrous
abortion, semi-reactionary and semi-demagogic,
grows at such a rate, that, at the ex
pense of tbe Democratic party and the genu
ine Progressists, it occupies the whole of the
Left of the German Beicnstag.with its proph
ets and its apostles resembling the John of
Leyden made familiar to us by poetry and
music. Already it counts 60 members in
the Beichstag, who are hurrying unhappy
Germany, so forlorn amid all her victories,
to a new and worse servitude.
The three northern empires resemble
three vessel magnificentlj rigged oat and
having splendid crews of strong and heroic
sailors, but lacking sails wherewith to catch
the winds of heaven and steam engines
wherewith to plow the waters, wrecked on a
sandy desert and food for rats.
Emilio Castelab.
Madbid, April 18.
A GRATEFUL LEGISLATOR.
He
FInda One Indlrldunl Wbe Doesn't
Think He Need Watching.
cw York Star. J '
It is related of one of the most rugged of
the rnral Empire State Senators that be was
in New York City on Saturday with his
wife, shopping. He did not lite the busi
ness, and he stood outside on the sidewalk
while his spouse leisurely turned over all
sorts of wares in one of tbe biggest drygoods
stores. As usual, she lingered, and he
grew more and more impatient and angry.
He walked up and down in front of the
store, and began to swear to himself.
Presently a stalwart policeman laid his
hand on his shoulder. "See here, my man,"
said the officer, "you'd better move on.
I've got my eve on you."
"What for?" asked the Senator.
"Don't bandy any questions," said the
officer. "You are a suspicious character;
that's enough."
"I?" cried the Senator In amazement, "I?
Why, lam Senator of county, and
here are my credentials," and he pulled out
a bunch of letters and pa.'S es with his name
on them. "And my wife is in there shop
ping, and I am waiting for her "
The officer saw at once that be was wrong,
and was further convinced when the Sena
tor's wife came out and addressed him by
name.
"I see that I was mistaken," said the
officer in apology, "and I hope you will ex
cuse me. I did not know you, or ot course
I would not have applied such au epithet to
you."
"Yon think I am not a suspicious char
acter?" "Certainly not"
"I'm glad of it," said the Senator, with a
burst of gratitude, "mat's the first tribute
to my honesty that I've got since I entered
the Legislatute six years ago."
TIPH01D FETER GERMS.
Late Experiment Show iho Disease May be
Contracted TbroDKb the Lnnga.
New York Herald. 3
Bacteriological research has demonstrated
that typhoid fever germs may be carried in
the air as well as in water. Mr. Frederic
Bordar has discovered, however, that the
bacillus is destroyed in an atmosphere that
is dry and completely deprived of its aque
ous vapor, but that it continues to live and
develop in an atmosphere that is more or
less charged with moisture. This last "fact
is a very important one, as it accounts for a
number of peculiarities that had hitherto
remained unexplained, such as the greater
frequency of typhoid fever dnring the damp
months of October and November, and the
customary outbreaks of epidemics precisely
at that period of the year.
The experiments of Mr. Bordas lead us to
believe, as well, tbat the microbe of typhoid
fever is endowed with a certain force ofre
sistauce to exterior influences, and, further
more, that it in ail probability retains for a
long time the pathogenic power peculiar to
it, as periods of prolonged drought, which
would probably cause its destruction, are
relatively rare. The latter hypothesis agrees
completely with tbe knowledge we have of
the vital resistance of germs.
Finally, there is nothing to prevest our
accepting the idea of the possibility of direct
penetration of tbe bacillus into tbe tissue ot
the lungs by means of the respiratory tract.
To say tbe least, the idea seems extremely
probable, as bacteriological analyses have
demonstrated the presence of the bacillus in
the dnst ot hospital wards.
CRACKED AN EGG OS HIS HKAD.
How A Dazzling Senorits Surprised a. Bar.
vard Graduate at a. Ball.
rbllsdelphla Press.
A. B. Cusbing, a Harvard graduate, a
'few weeks ago attended a fashionable ball
in the City of Mexico his first in tbat
country. A feature of Mexican entertain
ments is the cascaron, a prettily decorated
eggshell filled with perfume or bits of gilt
paper. When a senorita wishes to show a
preference for a dancing partner she play
fully breaks the cascaron over bis head.
Mr. Cushiner, accompanied by a Mexican
friend, was enjoying the ball from a quiet
corner of the room when a bewitching seno
rita, with raven hair and roguish eyes,
danced up to him and smashed a cascaron
over his Bostonian features. The shell was
filled with tiny specks of golden paper,
which fell in a shower over his shomlders.
Surprised beyond measure, Mr. Cushing
sprang to his feet and demanded of his friend
that they instantly leave the place.
"What's the matter?" asked the Mexican.
"Some one threw an egg at me, and I
know when I get enough," replied the Yan
kee. The unique custom was explained to the
visitor, who, in a tew minutes, was waltz
ing with the young lady who had thrown
the egg.
A CORNER IN DIAMONDS.
The Booth African Fields In the Grip of a
Big Syndicate.
London World.
The extraordinary rise in the price of dia
monds in many cases over SO per cent is
exciting considerable attention. Both at
An twerp and Amsterdam several thousand
cutters are out of work, as most of the
m erchants firmly decline any dealings at
the present prohibitive rate. Tne truth is
that a powerful syndicate has obtained, till
May 15, an exclusive right over all the
stones which may be found in South Africa,
and its members are consequently able to
regulate the prices at will.
It is donbttul, however, whether any con
siderable pecuniary advantage will accrue
from the transaction, for the diamond syndi
cate already finds itself overladen with
merchandise which it is utterly unable to
dispose of. A few days ago it was forced to
make sales at a sacrifice, so tbat, if the
buyers maintain their present attitude, the
much-coveted stones will soon be again pro
curable at the normal rate. One of the in
direct consequences ot the syndicate has
been a proportionate rise in the price of
pearls, rubies and emeralds.
WATER MUST BE SCARCE.
One Fanner Stabs Another for
Drink,
Which Recalls a Story,
Harrlsbnnc Telegraph. J
Two New Jersey farmers had a fight over
a drinkef water tbe 'other day, and one
stabbed the other with a pitchfork so that
he will die. Water must be scarce in New
Jersey. Perhaps the men were in the same
situation as once confronted a gentleman
from Kentucky. Said he: "I was once
offered the site where Omaha now stands for
one drink of whisky."
"And yon refused?" said his listener.
"Gentlemen," said the XentuckUn, a
proud smile on his face, "yon forget there
was but one drink in the flask."
WHERE BETH LOW HISSED IT.
Amnilna; Observation of HU Old Schoolmate
Who Became a Gambler.
New York Star.l
Last night in tbe Hoffman Honse cafe a
well gambler and some friends were par
taking of refreshments. The name of Sett
Low, President of Columbia College, was
mentioned, when the sporting man, with a
merry twinkle In his eye. said:
"I wish I conld meet Mr. Low again. He
and I were students together at the Brook
lyn Polytechnic. I should like to point
him to.my career, and show him what mia"
uxe ne nas maae in uie,"
P0INTEKS ON HEALTH.
Saltpeter Found to be Very Effective
irrChiils and Fever.
TREATIKG TUMORS OX THEBRAET.
Chloride of Lime Should be Confined if
Used as a Disinfectant.
A GOOD WASH FOR IRRITABLE EIE8
Quinine has been held to be the only true
specific for chill and fever. There appears,
however, to be a danger ot its losing its pre
eminence. "Down South," In certain
malarial districts, a number of physicians
have been for a long time using potassil
nitras saltpeter instead of quinine; and
they find it acts better. It is reported, says
a writer in the Boston Herald, tbat as high
as 65 per cent of all the cases treated by
saltpeter have been cured by the adminis
tration of a single dose; the remaining 33
per cent it had no eflect upon no matter
how many doses were given.
And it seems that tbe remedy acts with
marvellous rapidity, if it acts at all. If
given early in a chill, it will cut it short.
Quinine will not do that, unless it is given
subcutaneously always a questionabla
method of administration. Another interest
ing fact is, that the saltpeter is only required
in a medium dose 30 grains. Dr. Hunter
rightly says that a disorder extending over
a period of months or years, characterized
by regular periodic malarial paroxysms and
presenting the characteristic evidences of
chronic malarial poisoning should be in
stantaneously cured bv the administration
of a comparatively infinitesimal quantity of
potassii nitras, a rapid restoration to health
following without subsequent treatment and
without relapse, does not accord with our
experience in the use of medicine and may
justly be held as new and unusual. Of
course no one yet knows why this remedy
acts as it does. Saltpeter in old times was
quite often used as a medicine, but not much
ot late years, and never before, as far as wa
know, in this disease. Science has yet failed
to prove just what causes malaria. Al
though the germ theory is the popular one,
there are physicians who dissent from it.
There is a good deal of work yet to be dons
in this field.
tumobs ojt the bbaht.
Tumors and abscesses may develop in the
brain as in other parts of the body. Of
course, skull bones are unyielding, and,
therefore, when a tumor forms, it is at the
expense of the brain substance, which in the
immediate neighborhood of the tnmor may
at first resist the pressure, but sooner a later
softens down and becomes practically de
stroyed. A variety of symptoms accompany
brain tumors, among them headache, ver
tigo, vomiting and paralysis. Very gener
ally, when the trouble is first forming, the
fact is not recognized, for the reason that
the symptoms excited may indicate only
digestive disturbances. The termination in
most cases of brain tumor has been fatal,
sooner or later. In some instances their
growth is slow, but in others quite rapid;
some patients die within a few months, bat
others live for many years.
The only tumors "in this situation which
are at all likely to yield to the treatment are
those which owe their origin to syphilis. A.
number ot cases are now on record in which,
trephining has been performed, and the
tumors in the brain removed through the
openings made in the skull. Of course the
operation can only be successtul in a certain
line of cases where the tumors are small,
accessible, and dangerons parts are not in
volved; still, in the fact that good results
are promised even in one case out of many
we nave mucn to oe inanciui tor, and tbera
is reason to believe that, after more extended
research, the operation will be successfully
practiced in a larger proportion of cases than
now.
One of the first things for people to learn
is not to trifle with drugs unless they-know
absolutely all there is to be known about
them. Two cases of poisoning are reported
from emulsions, comparatively harmless.
The victims did not shake the mixtures and
got only the deadly ingredients which had
risen to the top.
THE BEST DISINFECTANT.
Chloride of lime is the safest, as well as
one of the best, of disinfectant. It owes its
merit to the free chlorine gas which it con
tains when fresh and gives off slowly into
the air. When used in sufficient quantity
in a room or closed space, it combats much
of its impurities. As for the germs of dis
ease, this agent is something of an enemy to
them, although not a powerful one. It is
customary in contagious diseases to lay the
chloride oi lime about in saucers. Soma
good is certainly done in that way, but it is
measured by tbequantity of lime used, which,
in order to have a very decided effect, must
be considerable. It acts exceedingly well
in solution with water as a disinfectant of
"wash clothing" which has been within the
atmosphere of a sickroom containing a pa
tient ill with an infectious disease. Soma
use it in solution, to disinfect water closets
and bath pipes; but it is scarcely fit for that
purpose, as the chlorine corrodes lead and
iron.
The fact shonld be remembered that ia
using chloride of lime it must be confined iu
order to render it efficacious as a disinfect
ant. We occasionally see it sprinkled about
in foul places, such as open drains, on heaps
of filth, etc. places freely exposed to the
air. In such situations it is absolutely
powerless to do good. It must be in a prac
tically closed space, where the gases arising
from it can be confined until they can do
their work.
AK EFEICIEHT ETE "WASH.
Irritable eyes, due to strains, dust, cold
and a variety of other causes, are quite com
mon. Among the domestic remedies which
are the most popular are applications of
warm milk, tea, sassafras pith water, etc
Borax and camphor water, an agreeable and
efficient remedy, has long been used by
physicians. An eye wash, very nearly, U
not quite, as serviceable, can be mads h-r
adding one drachm of the crystals of boracio
acid to a pint of soft, boiled water. This
should be boiled and kept in a cool place.
Three or four times a day half a cupful of
tbe solution should be heated, and the eyes
bathed with it as hot as can be borne.
Apropos of this, neople will do well to re
member the fact that some kinds of sore
eyes are highly contagious. And the in
fections poisons, not being easily killed, are
often transmitted from one person to an
other on towels, wash basins, etc., used in
common. Probably all know that skin dis
eases are often conveyed in that way, but
few. however, can know that the same is
true with diseases of the eyes, which are)
much more to be feared.
A COMMON DELUSION.
When diarrhcea ocenrs during the period
of dentition it is quite generally attributed
to that process; and it is a popular belief
that the affection within certain limits is
beneficial to teething childre n, for the rea
son that, in consequence of the circulation
of the bTood being more active in the bowels,
it is less so in tbe brain, and diseases ol the
latter are, therefore, not so likely to ocenr.
There is no good reason lor believing
that diarrhcBa is ever caused by teething;
nor can it be accepted as salutary dnring
the period oi dentition. Believing to the
contrary, many mothers have allowed the
trouble to ran on in their children and so
wasted the chances of recovery.
She Beeaed the Qneitlea.
CblesKoTrlbane. .,
The Young Man (argumentatirely) Ba
don't yon see, Miss Bessie, that when yo
reason in that way you are only begging the
question?
The Young Woman (Mashing beauti-fully)-I
am sure, Mr. Pednnele, I-I
didn t Intend to to beg vou to to ask me
any question. Sudden mustering an of
courage on the part of the bashfnl Mr.
Peduncle and agitated propounding of
question MlM Bessie had been lnnirln.
jhear, .
m
m
i
j.ii