fi2raff TV7 z. rvtrn THE PITTSBTniG- DISPATCH. SUNDAY, APRIL 20, 1890. 15 THE FIRST CAUSE. Second ot tie Series of Sermons on the Existence of a God. t ATHEIST, THE1ST AND AGNOSTIC, Each Has His Opinions of the Power That Set the World Agoing. THE CLAIM THAT WE CANNOT XNOW ITTEITTES FOB THE DISPATCH. ! J spoke last week of the need of defending the essential assertion of religion, the asser tion of tbe existence of God. I said there is naturally a great deal of donht in the world to-day growing out of certuin intellectual conditions of our time; and that it takes one of two shapes in the minds of most thought ful doubters either it is atheism, which is denial, or it is agnosticism, which is refusal to affirm. I said also that doubt gets into the mind bythree gates: By the gate of conscience, by the gate of sentiment, by the gale ot rea son. I come now to the argument for God. The argument begins with vc facts and a question. Fact No. 1 The world is. All about me is a world with real things in it and real people moving among them. The wind blows in the branches, the clonds drift along the sky, the grass is green along the edges of the streets, tbe pages of the pa per rustle in the bands of the reader. Pact No. 21 am. In the midst of this viiible, and audible, and tangible world, I exist distinct from it all; distinct even from my own body, which is but the house in whicn I live; distinct even from my own thoughts which are but intellectual events and experiences which hnppen to me, through which I pais, of which that indefinable self which is behind all bensation and all thought is conscious. Fact No. 3 There is chance. In the world and in ms there is perpetual change. Sound changes into silence, heat into ligiit, there is motion, there is move ment of tbe pulse, there is succession of theught following thought. CAUSE ASD EFFECT. Fact No. 4 Charge implies cause. This is the lesson of experience. We learn by lessons which long ante-dated the alphabet in our schooling that when any thing happens there is invariably a reason for it. Indeed, this fact is one of the in evitable condition of all thinking. "We arc so that we cannot even think of an un caused change. There are two ideas which are as inseparably united in the mind as the ideas of lieht- nd darkness, or of heat and cold, so that we cannot possibly think of one without thinking of the other. These two ideas are change and cause. Fact No. 5 Cause means first cause. Back ot all causes there must be some where and somehow a first cause. But is that a fact? Can we conceive of a first cause? Must not the very mental necessity of which I just spoke, compel us to seek a cause even or the first cause? Let us think of that. How do we know that there is such a fact or force as cause at all? The senses do not show it. All that they tell is the fact of sequence. The senses, prompted by experience, assure us that if this happens that will follow. If fire and flesh come together there will be pain. "We say fire causes pain. But the senses do not perceive any "mysterious tie" which we may call cause. So far as the senses go Hume may be right, who said that cause is nothing but conjunction. The idea of cause, our assurance that there is such a fact as cause, is due to the irrcsistable action of our mind. Cause is a mental fact. "We must think ot cause when we see change. But. 1 the causes which e can discover are only secondary causes. That is, they simply refer the mind back. They are like the messenccrs whom Jacob sent to meet Esau, their whole message is that the mas ter is behind them. A shadow stirs on the ground beside our feet, there is change what causes it? "Why, a leaf has moved In the tree above us. Does that satisfy the desire for cause? No. What made that leaf move from its pli.ee? "Why, the wind blew. And why does the wind blow? And so we begin to get into that wide space, wider than the open sky between the stars, where there are plenty of questions, but no answers. But we have not found a cause yet TWO POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS. Here are two conditions of things, both of which are outside the mental circumference, both ot which are equally inconceivable, but between which we must make our choice. Is there an endless chain of causes, going back into the eternities of eternity, and without any beginning ever? Or is there at last an uncaused cause? Bat this choice is limply between cause and no-cause. The only real cause is an uncaused cause. Is there then this is the dilemma such a fact as cause or not? But it has been already shown that cause is a mental fact, and a mental fact is just as valuable and just as true and trustworthy as a physical fact. "We can be just as sure about it. " Indeed, it might not be very difficult to prove that we can be even more sure about it The minds of all reasonable beings with the exception of a few metaphysicians affirm that change implies cause. And this affirmation means, with equal emphasis, that cause implies first cause. There is then behind all this world about me and within me a first cause. Here are the five facts: That the world is; that I am; that there is change; that change involves cause; that cause means a first cause. Tbe question which follows is: "What is this first cause? To this question there are three possible answers: There is the answer to theatheist. The atheist says the first cause is matter; behind the chances of lite lies matter en dowed with force. There is the answer of the theist. The theist says the first cause is mind; behind the manifold changes of the world lies mind endowed with will. There is the answer ot the agnostic The agnostic says I do not know. This answer may mean any one of three conditions of mind. TUB AGNOSTIC'S EEASONS. It may mean indolence. It n nmn that in the face of a question which con cerns all that is of most account in the des tinies of man, which asks whether or not there is a God above us, and a future before us, the agnostic does not care enough to care to study out the answer. (2.) It mav mean cowardice. That is- what Mr. Mallock maintains it does wean. The agnostic may really in his heart believe that there is no God at all, but lie mar not like to say so. Tbe title of atheist is one which, recent dis cussion has reminded us, most people, even philosophers, do not care (like Shelly) to have set after their names. (3.) Or, it may mean an assertion of impossibility. This is tbe most general agnostic position. The ag nostic holds that his answer must forever be "I do not know;" because he simply cannot know. It is impossible. This is worth considering. The statement upon which all agnostics will agree is that we cannot know God. 'There may be a God," they say, "or not; we cannot tell." And the reasonings which support this statement are based up u the assertion that the terms in which the idea of God is stated are such as to show that knowledge is impossible. "The mind is so," we are informed, "that it cannot grasp the idea of an iufinitc -personality. This being so, it is impossible that man can be couvinced by any evidence of tbe exist ence of that which he cannot in any meas ure comprehend. TH2 TACTS IS THE CASS. Now there are two propositions which need to be set over against this essential agnostic statement. The first is this: That, as a matter of fact, man is convinced, and very thoroughly and universally convinced, of the "existence of that which he cannot in any measure comprehend." The argu ment is like those inpenions and perfectly honest reasonings by which it was lairly proved a tew months ago during a day of luipemc, while we were waiting fcr :;i the real facts, that the South Fork dam could not possibly be broken, and the next day the tidings came that the South Fork dannwas broken, indeed. There is no argu ment strong enough to stand the assault of fact There was a school of learned philos ophers who seriously arcued that the world about us is not real; that all sound and color and shape are in our minds. But they never actually persuaded anybody. There were too many hard facts on the other side. "Whatever the metaphysician may say about the limits of religious thought, the world does pretty generally believe in an infinite personality whom we call God. And, how ever ingeniously it may be established by logic that nobody can really be convinced of God's existence, we know better. The iacts are on onr side. And not only that, but we pass from this first proposition to a second, and affirm that the process by which man is convinced of what he cannot comprehend in the spiritual world is precisely that by which he is con vinced ot what lie cannot comprehend in every other domain of thought Eeligiou has no monopoly of the incomprehensible. Mystery is not confined within tne limits of the creed. Everything we see about us leads away into the infinite. At every step we tread upon a mystery. Wecannot start a series of questions anywhere without get ting speedily into the regions of the un known. Jt takes but a short journey to land us "beyond the circumference." If we must "comnrehend'' in order to know, we may as well confess that we know noth ing. "WE MAT KNOW IN FABT. It is perfectlv evident, however, that we may know something about matters in re gard to which we cannot know everything. I know that grass is green, but I know not why. I know that the wind blows among the treetops, but I cannot see it, and I know not whence it cometh nor whither it goeth. I know that we have just passed throuph a stranee win ter, with an Faster day for Christmas, and dandelions in January, but not a weather bureau in the world can tell me why. Do we know nothing about the stones in the field, because we are ignorant of the origin of matter? Do we know nothing about the flowers in the garden, because we are abso lutely incapable of comprehending the mys tery of lite? Do we know nothing about our friends, because no mind can know another mind perfectly? Our knowledge of the mysteries of re ligion is the same kind of knowledge which we have ot the mysteries of daily life. There is a difi'erence between comprehending and apprehending. To apprehend is to touch only one side. Human knowledge is mainly apprehension. "Whether it be ot the world about us or of God above us, it is simply every day a conviction of the existence of that which we cannot in any measure com prehend. So far as agnostocism means a denial of tbe possibility of complete knowledge, we must all be agnostics. Indeed, the most agnostic of all books is the Bible. "Canst thou by searching find out God?" is its con stant question, and the answer is alwavs a negative. "Verily thou art a god that hidest thyself." "Clouds and darkness are round about him" and yet, nevertheless, righteousness and judgment are tbe habita tion of his scat. The clouds are thick enough, and the darkness dense enough, but they do not hide that And this most ag nostic of all books is at the same time the most steadfast in its faith. "We cannot know God, but we can know a great deal about God. "We must be oi necessity in a con dition of great ignorance about the first cause, but we can know enough about it to be able to make up our minds pretty intelli gently whether it is mind or matter. THE ATHEIST AND THE THEIST. So we come to the choice between the first two answers: Is tbe first cause, matter en dowed with force, or is it mind endowed with will? How shall we proceed to decide? "Why, just as we would proceed to decide about the intellectual ability of a man who had written a book we would study the book; just as we would proceed to decide about the mechanical and artistic ability of a man who had built a house we would look at the house. It is .perfectly plain that the way to find out anything about the first cause is to study its effects. The effects of the first cause are of two kinds, represented by the first two of the five facts with which the argument bezan. The first cause, whatever it is and however it has worked, has somehow brought it about that the world is, and that I am. There are, ac cordingly, two kinds of phenomena to be examined, one represented by the word Nature and the other by the word Man. "What kind of caus'e lies behind these phenomena; is it matter or is it mind? Surely, the phenomena can tell us. To the examination or these two kinds of eflecHs we therefore address ourselves. This examina tion will occupy the next two articles. Geoeoe Hodges. Experience In the South. The experience of Mr. E. D. "Whitley, an influential and prominent citizen ot Martin dale, N. C, will no doubt be perused with interest by people in all parts of the country. For years he has been subject to violent attacks o' inflammatory rheumatism; on the first of February he had an attack which settled in one of his knees, and caused almost unbearable pain for two days. He obtained a bottle of Chamberlain's Fain Balm from "W. M. Houston & Co., mer chants at Mecklinburg City, N. C. He writes that it gave almost immediate relief, and gives Chamberlain's Pain Balm the highest praise, and advises all persons troubled with like afflictions to use it and get relief. Fi ty cents per bottle. For sale by E. G. Stucky, 1701 and 2401 Penn ave.; XL G. Stucky Sz Co., cor. "Wylie ave. and Fulton st; Markcll Bros., cor. Penn and Faulkston aves.; Theo. E. Ihrig, 3(510 Filth ave.; Carl Hartwig, 4016 Butler st; John C. Smith, cor. Penn ave. and Main st; Jas. L. McConnel & Co., 455 Fifth ave., Pittsburg; and in Allegheny by E. E. Heck, 72 and 194 Federal st; Thos. K. Morris, cor. Hanover and Treble aves.; F. H. .Egers. 172 Ohio st, and F. H. Egccrs & Son, 199 Ohio st and 11 Smith field st wsa A SPLENDID BARGAIN. Fine Upright Pin no, 8200. An excellent 7J octave upright piano, with full iron frame, elegantly carved rose wood finished case and excellent tone, fully warrauieu in every respect, lor -uu. uover and stool included. Also, a first-class square grand piano at less than half the original cost. For a splendid bargain call at the music store of J. M. Hoffmann & Co., 537 Smithfield street The celebrated Sohmcr pianos, tbe superb Colby pianos and Newman Bros, organs at reasonable prices. Flontlnc School. E. Jordan's Swimming School (boat) has arrived from its winter quarters, and is now being improved and nenly fitted up for season of 1890. He intends to give the boy something this year. Every one will be compelled to wear a suit. The ladies' toilet room will also be handsomely fitted up. Pearson, the leading photographer, of 96 Fifth avenue and 43 Federal street, Alle gheny, makes the finest finished cabinet photos in tjfc two cities, and for less money than all others. Try him and see for your self. Outing flannels New assortments of these choice qualities we have been selling at 30e and 40c a yard, just opened. ttssu Hugus & Hack. Ftbnitdke packinz and upholstering. Hatjoh & Keen ax. 33 and 34 Water st Cass paid for old gold and silver at Hauch's, No. 295 Filth ave. "WTSu All the new things in umbrellas at Chas. Pfeifer's, 443 Smithfield and 100 Federal, Allegheny. LtrCERNK awnings at Mamaux & Son's, 639 Penn ave., Pittsburg, Pa. "WrjTDBASt'o Herb Powders for all dis ease of the blood sal Utw. ProggUti, Ua. THE EMPIRE OF PERU. Story of Ihe Golden Wedge and the Founding of the City of Cuzco. INCAS DESCENDED FROM THE SUN. Forms of Human Sacrifice Among the Early Peoples of Mexico. A BIMILARITI IN ALL BELIQIOHS IWRtTTEX FOE TUB DISPATCH. The origin of the Peruvian Empire is lost in its great age, and superstition and fable have enshrouded its history in mists of mys tery. It is known of the Peruvians, and, iu fact, of most other tribes of the conti nent, that they were steeped in barbarism, even to cannibalism, until the Sun, the great parent of mankind, says Prescott, took pity on their degraded condition and sent two of his children, Manco Capac and Mama Oelln Huaco, to gather the natives into commnnities and teach them the arts of civilized life. The celestial pair, brother and sister, husband and wife, bearing with them a golden wedge, were directed to locate at the place where the golden wedge would enter the ground and disappear, which it did at Cuico. There the heavenly visitors entered upon their work of teaching the in habitants the arts of agriculture and of sewing, weaving and spinning. The simple, primitive people of those high mountains and table lands learned to to love their teachers, and for inany centu ries their descendants continued to hold them in highest regard. Cuzco was soon made their Holy City, toward which all eyes turned as do the eyes of the faithful toward Mecca, Eonle and 'Jerusalem in this day. CHILDBEN OF THK SUN. The Incas of Peru were supposed to have been descended from this heaven-born pair from father to son.and they were very proud of their pure descent, the Inca alwavs hold ing himself far above the ordinarv herd, ad dressing his own children as "Children of the Sun." As the representative of the Sun, he was chief priest and presided at the im portant ceremonies. When an Inca was "called to the man sions of his father, the sun," as they ex pressed it, the funeral ceremonies were cele brated with great poniD and ceremony; and all of his treasures excepting his funeral ex penses, furniture and household goods were sealed up, and all of his palaces were closed save one, which was to remain open for him when he returned to his natural state after many vears wandering in the spiritual world, so that he might find everything as he lelt it After death his bowels were carefully removed and deposited in the sacred temple of Tampu. Valuable plate and jewels were deposited with the entrails, and sometimes as many as 1,000 of his servants and concu bines were killed over this awful deposit The body of the Inca was embalmed and deposited "in the Temple of the Sun at Cuzco. There, says Prescott, "The Peru vian sovereign, on entering'the awful sanc tuary, might behold the effigies of his royal ancestors ranged in opposite files, the Incas on the right, their Queens on the left of the Great Sun, which blazed in refulgent gold on the walls of the temple. The bodies, clothed in the princely attire which they had been accustomed to wear, were placed on chairs of gold, and sat with their heads inclined downward, their hands across their bosoms, their countenances of a dusky hue and their hair raven black or gray." DAZZLING DISPLAYS OP "WEALTH. On peculiar occasions all ot these vener ated mummies, with all of their fabulous wealth of gold and jewels, were brought out onto the public square at Cuzco, while a erand feast was participated iu by their relatives and the nobles. No other city of the world has ever had such a display of valuables as Cuzco had on those occasions. They believed in tbe fa lure existence of the soul and of the resurrection of the b6dy. The wicked were to be sent to tbe center of the earth to work out their sins for count less ages, while the good were to enjoy end less happiness and repose. They believed in an cril principle or spirit, but did not try to nlacate tbe spirit, and paid very little attention to it While the Peruvian recognized and wor shipped a supreme being, only one temple was erected to him, but wherever their vic torious banners penetrated a temple was erected to the Sun, which they revereuced.ns the author of their royal dynasty and em pire. They also worshiped his sister wife, the moon and the stars. They dedicated temples to thunder and lightning, which they called "The God's Dread Ministers," and the rainbow, which was a beautilul emanation of their gods. They had many other lesser divinities, but the sun was their especial deity and center ot a lavish expen diture. To him was erected the richest temple in the world, which fairly blazed with gold which was in many places pow dered with precious stones. Gold, iu the figurative language of the natives, was made up of the tear drops of the sun. The face of the suu god in the temple reflected the rays of the rising sun, so as to fill the whole temple with a glory transcendent Adjoining the Temple of the Sun was an other dedicated to the moon, who was reore sented as the mother of the Incas. While the sun was delineated in burnished gold in his splendid building, the Temple of tbe Moon was gorgeously lined with bur nished silver as was the efhgy of tbe goddess herself as representing the pale silvery light ot the goddess of night The temple to the rainbow was spanned by a beautiiul bow containing all of the bright colors of the bow itself. All of the untensils for their religious services were of pure gold and silver. Immense vases, censers, basins, pipes for conducting'water into and out of the temple, and all of tbe garden tools used about the temple were of silver. All sorts of vegetables, flowers and animals were carved out of the precious metals with most remarkable perfection of detail. Hidden among the metallic foliage were brilliant snakes, birds and lizards made chiefly of precious stones. The Inca aDpointed the High Priest from among his own holy and imperial blooded relatives or descendants of the sun. He was second only to the Inca, and was called Villac Vmu. All of his subordinates who officiated in the holy temples at Cuzco were "drawn from the imperial blood, while those who attended at the provincial altars were of the middle class; tut the High Priest in each district was always drawn from the royal blood. Their ritual was very com plex, and each month had its festivals. The feast of Xtaymi in the summer solstice was the greatest For three days the whole people fasted, not a fire being allowed. On the particular morning the Inca and all of his lords and people assembled at dawn to assist the sunrise, which was met with a great shout from the whole multitude. Alter tbe full adoration was finished, a libation was poured out to( the sun from a large vase containing a native liquor, which, after tbe Inca tasted, was passed around among his kindred. SOMETIMES HUMAN SACRIFICES. The whole multitude then marched in procession to the great temple, the Inca and his family alone being allowed to enter its sacred precincts. As soon as the devotions are concluded the royal family appeared again and the sacrifice o', sometimes a beau tilul child or maiden, or generally a llama was made. From the entrails ot the vic tims an augury was sought If it was un favorable another sacrifice was made until an auspicious augury was found. A fire was then made by condensing the rays of the sun on some lint by means of a concave metal mirror, and the sacrifice was con cluded. The virgins of the sun had charge of the sacred fire tor the ensuing year and if it by any means is allowed to eo out, dire calamity was foreboded to the monarchy. Great feasting and drinking and dancing ensued during the balance 'of the day and for several day). Many smaller festirals ooeurred during the ye at woloh the peo ple assembled, and which constituted about all of their enjoyment. Many of the vir gins of the sun grew gray inside their con vent walls, but many were drawn out to be the decimal wives of the Incas, who some times had a thousand. The predecessors of the Incarians or Pe ruvians were a mighty and a wealthy peo ple that had no goas to worship. When the Peruvian army crossed the Cordilleras to the now deserted citv of Pachacamac they found a great temple, the doors of which were inlaid with gold and precious stones. The Peruvians were astounded to find a temple grander than their Temple of the Sun at Cuzco. It contained no image or god, and was evidently raised to worship some invisible deity whom the inhabitants called Pachacamac the creator of the world. So grand and mysterious was this temple, that the Peruvians dared not destroy it but built beside it a Temple of the Sun. ONLT THEIB WOEKS EEJIAIN. This mysterious nation lived in large cit ies and flourished during an unknown pe riod, having a civilization, a religion and a language probably superior to that of the Incas who overran and destroyed them. Where they came irom or how long they flourished or where they went no one knows, but their old abandoned cities, architectu ral remains, carvings, sculptures and ruined edifices remain as silent monuments of their certain presence and intelligence, every where throughout the country. The general disposition of the Peruvians was mild and their religion much softer and pleasing than that of the Mexicans. The Toltec, who preceded the Aztecs, left a mild civilization behind them to which the Aztecs added a ferocity which was pitiless. They believed in one supreme invisible creator of all things, the ruler oi the universe named Taotl. Under this supreme being were 13 chief and 200 inferior divinities, each of which had his sacred day or festi val. Their chief was Huitzilopochtli. His temples were the most magnificent and im posing, but in every city of the empire his altars were drenched with the blood of hu man victims. Montezuma allowed Cortez to enter his temple in the City of Mexico to see the god himself. "He bad a broad face, wide mouth and terrible eyes. He was cov ered with gold, pearls and precious stones, and was girt about with golden serpents. On his neck, a fitting ornament, were the faces of men wrought in silver, and their hearts in gold. Close by were braziers with in cense, and on the braziers were three real hearts of men who had that day been sacri ficed." The smell of the temples was like that of a slaughter house. For victims for these human slaughters, the Emperor made war on neighboring or subsidiary States in case of revolt, which he could easily cause, and hi would levy an indemnity of men, women and children. TEABING OUT THEIE HEAETS. The victims were borne in grand proces sions amidst the sound of music to the summit of the great temple where the priests in sight of tremendous crowds bound them to the sacrificial stone, and cutting open the breast, would tear out the heart which was offered to the image of their god or eaten mixed with cornmeal by the bloodthirsty worshipers. Before the Spanish conquest, over 20,000 prisoners were annually sacrificed accompanied by milder forms of worship including fruit's and flowers, songs and dancing. The Mexicans had a peculiar form of hu man sacrifice, in wnich they would select from among their prisoners a handsome young man, who for one year had a special residence allotted to him, with the most luxurious furniture and raiment. His table was furnished with the fat of the land, and he had assigned to him as his compan ions or concubines two of the most beautiful young women to be found in Mexico. All of his surroundings were flowers, beauty, luxury aud ease, and yet he bad the dread certainty before him that he was being fat tened for a horrible butchery, for as certain as the end of a full year had passed he knew that he would be stripped of his beau tiful rainment and wrenched Irom his lovely companions and his life of balmy ease; and tnat ne would oe led up tnose trignttui stairs to the top of the temple in sight of tbe whole city full of hungry cannibals, aud there have his heart torn out and offered to their god, after which it would be distrib uted among the bloodthirsty spectators down below. CLOSE DISTINCTIONS AND EDUCATION. In their mythology they believed that Taotl reigned in the golden age of the world, but lor some reason be had been obliged to retire from tbe earth by way of the Mexican Gulf, promising that at some uncertain period he would return. The Mexican priesthood numbered a vast body of men. Cortez found over 5,000 in attendance at the great temple in Mexico. The sacerdotal class was enabled to wield almost as much influence as the Emperor himself, because all children were lelt under their care and instrnction until the age of puberty. The women shared with the men in all of 'their occupations, and were taught like them tbe arts of reading, writing, cyphering, singing in chorus and dancing, and were initiated into the mysteries of astronomy and astrology. The religions of these nations in many respects resembled that of ancient Egypt, and in many ways they both resembled Christianity. Osiris was proclaimed from the sky at his birth the Savior of the world, who overcame death add hell, and who ruled over the destinies of mankind as a spirit. Pernvians claimed that their Manco Capac, after teaching the inhabitants the necessary things of life, went back to the celestial regions but will return. Mexicans believed that their god, Taotl, hid also de patted from their Eastern borders on the Gulf of Mexico, but would at some future season return to them again. The Peruvian believed in aud practiced the embalming of the dead like tbe Egypt ian, only on a smaller scale. They kept not only his mummy, but his palaces, his wealth and apparel waiting for his return from his mysterious journey. Both nations believed in a great flood and that seven peo ple were saved in a cave on a mountain top. In fact, all of the nations of the world, ex cepting Patagonia, have a tradition of a flood at some vast period of time to the rear. Nearly all nations believe in some kind of a sSvior and have some mythological belief in a great deluge. " Bumbalo. Fortnnnte Inventor. Higdon & Higdon, patent lawyers, 127 Fourth avenue, Pittsburg, and LeDroit Building, Washington, D. C, report the following patents granted this week. Alle gheny Carl Bischofi binding plate for brick walls; H. W. French, felting ma chine; Wm. Jackson, machine for applying fittings and trimmings on tubular articles. Pittsburg Harry Etheridge, balanced pen for autographic "telegraphs. Bradlord E. W. Luce, gagecock; Carl Sehmeiser, money wrapper; Thomas Young, wrench. Glade Wm. O'Neil, ejector for oil wells. Rrmrmbcr This. Now is the time to have cabinet photos made, the weather is so nice, and J. K. Pearson, tbe leading photographer, of 96 1 l.tli avenue and ii h eueral street, Alle gheny, is the man that will just please you. Try him. If your house needs papering don't put it off any longer, but go and see the largest line of ail classes of nail paper ever showu in Pittsburg or Allegheny at John S. Rob erts', 414 Wood st. wtIifsu Feiday, April 25, bargain day, we will offer 50 pieces novelty stripe surah silks worth regularly ?1 25 at 65e a yard. TTSSJU HUGUS& HACKE. See the new styles of Paris Exposition awnings at Mamaux & Son's, No. 539 Penn ave., Pittsburg, Pa. " Ir you are in need of a nice, neat fitting spring suit go to Dickson, the tailor, 65 Fifth avenue, corner Wood street, second floor. M. Auker, cutter. Pablob suits re-upholstered. Hatjoh & Keen an, 33 and 34 Water it Tuxedo awnings at Mamaux & Bon's, 839 Penn are., Pittsburg, Pa. EYERT DAY SCIENCE. There is a Particular Calling Best Suited to Each Person. MANUFACTURE OF GOLD THEEAD. A Little Appliance to Hake Baseball Pitchers Bore Puzzling. FUTDEB OP ELECTRIC PR0PDLSI0X tWEiTnurroBTUB dispatch, l The question whether there is in a man a combination of faculties which qualifies him for a certain kind of activity, and for no other, forms the subject of a recent paper. The Germans are apt to answer this question affirmatively. They maintain that every one is particularly well equipped by nature for one kind of activity, but that it is diffi cult to discover for which one, and that many persons fail in discovering it, choosing a field of occupation for which nature has not intended them. In truth, the fact that many pursue a calling iu which they are not successful, is to a certain extent a sup port of the argument. In America, how ever, we are apt to answer the question in the negative, and just as emphatically. The American will grant only in rare cases that a man may have a natural calling. Gener ally it is asserted that every oue has the calling to earn his livelihood; and as to the different kind of human activity, our rever ence for the self-made man prompts us to believe that every one is capable of doing anything, provided he takes hold of it with good will. The fact remains, however, that no two men can be exactly alike in faculties, quali fications, tendencies and accomplishments, so as to feel at any time, and under all cir cumstances, exactly the same impulse for action. Every one will move in a different direction from that of other men. Evi dently then the peculiar mixture of which every individual consists tends toward con firming the belief that every one has a call ing; that is, every person must be specially well fitted for one kind of work, and for no other as well. The moral to be drawn from the argument is that all the talents that manifest themselves in the child should be developed harmoniously, and the choice of the occupation or calling be left to the devel oped and ripe judgment of the youth. Give every one the greatest possible freedom lor changing his profession or occupation, if he comes to the conclusion that he missed it in his first choice. A human being who has had the chance and manifold opportunities for testing his natural gifts, and is permit ted to exert himself in many directions, will certainly find his natural calling and achieve success. Vnsrllne Atomizer. A useful new invention is an atomizer de signed for warming and spraying pure vaseline, plain or medicated, for the treat ment of the diseases of the respiratory or gans, including nasal catarrh, hay fever and consumption. Liquid vaselines heretofore in use have been found irritating from the presence of the lighter petroleum oils, which impart their characteristic odor, and when warmed do not possess the perfect limpidity of tbe pure article. This atomizer renders possible the use of pure vaseline spray, ap plied warm, by which its remedial effects are much increased. A great variety of medicxies have been combined with vase line in prescriptions for use in this instru ment, such as cocaine, menthol, camphor, carbolic acid and bismuth. All question abont the entrance of the spray into the bronchial tubes has been set at rest by the sensations of the patients and the reappear ance of the spray upon the expired breath. The atomizer has proved valuable also in the tieatment of aural diseases. Cheap Senrch Llsht. An improved search light is being intro duced, which has the additional recommen dation of cheapness. The search light hitherto used on American warships is a very heavy apparatus, made in France, weighing about 1,000 pounds, and costing about $10,000. The new search light weighs only about 130 pounds, is of about 4,000 candle power, and costs 360. One man can easily handle it, and the light is concen trated in parallel rays, instead of being diflused over a wide area, a' in those previ ously used. At the distance of half a mile, on clear nights, buoys can be plainly seen, and every rope in the rigging of a ship. It is claimed that the light will penetrate the thickest fog sufficiently to prevent colli sions. An interesting experiment was made by turning the beam verticallv, when a col umn of light three-quarters of a mile high was produced, visible on dark, clear nights many miles away, and said to be visible in the thickest fog at the distance of one-eighth of a mile. Ball Llsurnlnff. A recent communication to the Academy of Madrid instances a case of globular elec tricity which is interesting. In a town in the northwestern part of Spain, at 9 o'clock one evenintr, there suddenly appeared, with out the slightest sign or warning, for the heavens were clear, and the air was quiet, a ball of fire as large as an orange. It fell directly upon an electric light wire, which it slowly followed into the station where the dynamo was in motion. First it flirted with the armature ot an interrupter, then it struck the moving dynamo, and twice jumped back and forth between the conductors and the dynamo. Then, as if having accomplished its mission, it jumped on the ground, burst into innumerable fragments with a loud ex plosion, leaving no trace of its presence. The late Gaston Plante, who is best known from his inventions of secondary batteries, made a study of globe electricity, and went so tar as to produce it experimentally in his laboratory. Chenp Flash Lamp for Photosraphv. Take an ordinary clay pipe, a wad of ab sorbent cotton and a piece of string. Wrap the cotton around the outside of the bowl and tie it with the string. Take a piece of bulb rubber abing and draw it over the stem so that you can place the tube in vour mouth and blow through the pipe. Next weigh out the amount of magnesium you want for your flash, then place it in tbe bowl of the pipe. Take some alcohol and satu rate the absorbent cotton. When you have focused your subject, and decided where to have your light, ignite the alcohol. The fl ime will stand up six inches over the bowl of tbe pipe. Blow through the pipe stem, and your exposure is made. Painting Ihe LI It. A new rubber article for which the in ventor claims much is something to aid a baseball pitcher in getting the "curve." It consists of a flat strip of rubber with a ring at one end and a flat corrugation at the other. The ring is slipped over the middle finger and the corrugation rests against the ball. It is claimed that when the ball is pitched the rubber clings to it and sets it whirling, thus giving it more of a curve than the finger tips can. LncU. of Symmetry In the Ere. When the average man or woman comes to be fitted with the first pair of classes some curious discoveries are made. Seven out of ten have stronger sight in one eye than the other. In two cases out of five one eye is out of line. Nearly one-half of the people are color blind to some extent, and only one pair of eyes out of every 15 are sound in every respect Keroneae na a Themptntlo Afoot. Kerosene as therapeutle agent ii highly pokes of by medical men, Zi cam ilmoit all pains, from toothache to gout and rheuma tism. It is deodorized in this manner: Take of coal oil one pint; nitric acid, one ounce. Mix. Allow it to stand for a week and pour oil the supernatant oil. It does not smell in the least like coal oil. Threndvf Gold. The base of the "gold thread" of commerce is silver, which is brought from the Bank of England weighing about 1,000 ounces. Gold leaf is carefully incorporated with the silver by hammering,, and afterwards the whole is subjected to' a charcoal fire. The bar is now readv for conversion into wire. Thix is accomplished by drawing it from 100 to 150 times through ever-diminishing holes in steel piates, and, finally, when the capa bilities of this metal have been exhausted, through apertures in dismonos, rubies or sapphires. The delicate wire thus obtained must now be passed through the steel rollers ot one of HerrKrupp's little "flat ting mills." This brings u to the final process the spinning of the flattened wire round silk, to form the golden thread of commerce. These spinning machines are worked by water, although two steam en gines are to be found in the factory; for water power is considered to be more regu lar and even in its action. There is a small demand for the round wire for .the adornment of epaulets, etc., but the bulk of the manufactured article finds its way in the shape of silky gold thread to India and the far East generally, where it is converted by skilled native labor into those gorgeous cloths and tissues in which the heart of the Oriental delights. It is asserted that every ounce of tbe bars, each containing only 2 per cent of gold, will run to the length ot 500 to 2,500 yards, and the amazing figure of 5,000 yards is on record. This latter thread would be finer than human hair, but even then the extreme limit is not yet reached. Fat ro of Electric Railways, t Captain Griffin, in an address before the Franklin Institute, says: It is only a mat ter of time, and that a short time, when electrical propulsion will replace the horses on the majority of our street railways. It is also a matter of time, a somewhat longer time, perhaps, when it will be the propelling power on all our elevated roads, lor the ele vated road possesses ideal conditions for the application of electricity. It is within the bounds of possibility that our steam roads will be run with electricity, and this power offers many advantages for the suburban traffic in the vicinity of the large cities. The possible utilization of hitherto neglected water powers will be one of the factors iu determining tbe extension of electrical pro pulsion in this direction. The New York elevated roads are anxiously seeking a solu tion to the problem of how to enlarge their carrying capacity without rebuilding or materially altering their superstructures. Electricity offers the best solution. Equip each car with motors. Flexible electrical connections can easily be made from car to car and tbe wbole train controlled by the driver on the front platform of the leading car. It seems to be the ideal system and is bound to be adopted in the near future. Alcoholism and Its Treatment. Dr. E. Monin recommends for acute alco holism, rest in bed and emetics; but, recog nizing tbe occasional difficulty of provoking vomiting, he advocates also the employment of tea, coffee and acetate of ammonia. He believes -that enemata of coffee, combined with friction and massage, have frequently averted conditions of collapse which might otherwise have proved fatal. The difficulty of dealing with chronic alcoholism is to be met. according to Dr. Monin, by nutrition, milk diet and open air, with quinine and tonics. As to the 'effect of alcohol on the function of the stomach in healthy per sons, Dr. Blumenau ,says that in the beginning of the digestive process the func tional activity ot the gastric juice, the gen eral acidity, as well as the amount ol hydro chloric acid and the corresponding digestive power of the juice are diminished, aud in people who are not used to alcohol this de crease is even more distinct. During the first three hours or a little less, alter its con sumption, tbe digestion is slower, but after- that it becomes mucn quieter, to compen sate, as it were, for (he previous loss of time. The motor power of the stomach and its capacity lor absorption aro diminished in direct proportion to the strength of the alcoholic solution. New Oil Spreader for Stormy Seas. A difficulty experienced in the nse of oil in a storm at sea is that when spread on tbe surface tbe wind blows it to leeward and the enect is lost Xhis dimculty is now overcome by a new device consisting of a mortar and bomb. The latter is a nearly, globular shell of cast iron, filled with oil. On the side toward the muzzle as it lies in the mortar is an aperture closed by a hinged cover, fitting tightly and 'fastened with a sort of latch. The latch is so constructed that when the mortar is discharged the pressure of the air releases it But the aperture in the shell is not opened until it strikes the water and sinks beneath the sur face. The shell ,is so weighted that as it sinks the aperture is uppermost, and the cover is lifted by the pressure of the oil upon it Thus the oil is released well be neath the surface, and rises through the waves, producing the most effectual results. Outdoor and Indoor Light. The importance of light on health has never been so fully recognized as it is now. The popular conception of the degree or in tensity of light is, however, very inaccurate. Most persons would say that the outside light is two or three times as strong as that within our houses. But the ratio of differ ence is vastly greater. Patients strolling on the seashore in sunny weather are in a light not two or three times, but 18,000 times stronger than that in the ordinary shaded and curtained rooms of a city house, and the same patients walking along the sunny side of a street are receiving more than 5,000 times as much of the health-giving influence ot light as they would receive indoors in the usually heavily curtained room. Tho Atmosphere of Lares Cilia. In recently cleansing of the Albert Me morial the effects of the London atmosphere were exhibited in a marked degree, a por tion of one of tbe figures being so choked up that it had the appearance ot hiving been chipped off by some iconoclast. When closely examined, however, the apparent defect was shown to be due to a kind of en crustation, which hid given the piece of statuary the appearance of being injured. American Steam Fire Engine. A cable dispatch from Berlin announces that in accordance with the recommendation of the officials of that citv who recently vis ited the United States and investigated our system of extinguishing fires, it has been decided to supply the Berlin fire depart ment with steam fire engines "of an Ameri can pattern." Unneceasary Misery. Probably as much misery comes from habit ual constipation as from any derangement of the functions ot tho body, and it is difficult to cure, for tbe re von that no one likes to take the medicines usually prescribed. Hamburg flzs were prepared to obviate this difficulty, and they will be found pleasant to the taste ot women and children. 23 cents. Dose, one fig; At all druggists. Mack Drug Co., N. Y. .., TTSU See the Lochinvar awnings; they are ex ceedingly beautiful and novel, at Mamaux & Son's,' 537 and 539 Penn ave., Pittsburg. "Watch, clock and jewelry repairing, lowest prices, at "Hauch's, No. 295 Fiftn ave. vtfbu Misses' and children's reefers, from fl 75 to 5, at Bosenbaum & Go's. Mubano awnings at Mamaux & Son's, 639 Penn ave., Pittsburg, Pa. OAiH psid for old gold and silver at Heuoh'i, Ho. 299 Jlfth are. mi IT HAS JTS PLACE. The Salvation Army Beaches Peo ple Ko Other Workers Touch. MAKT DEEDS WORTHY OF FKAISE. That Interestine Personality, Mrs. Booth, May Tisit Pittsbarg. . 1UTEIH0XI aMOXG THE S0LDIEES. rWEITTEl VOa TnE DI8PATCH.1 "Yours, fighting under two flairs." This is a favorite phrase with the much derided Salvation Army and precedes each signature of officer or private. The first flag is the Stars and Stripes, which alone should entitle this people, or any people who march under it, to our respect; the other is God'a flag or the one that proclaims the army to be fighting for the salvation of souls. Both are tri-colored the latter con sisting of red to signify the blood of the Lamb; bine to represent purity of pur pose, and yellow to symbolize the power or fire of the Holy Ghost. Under the two flags their aim and untiring efforts are to win America for God just what all denomina tions claim to be trying to do, is it not? Well, then, why believe in the sincerity of some and doubt it in others? Why praise some and blame others simply because dif ferent methods are used to reach different classes of people, the ultimate purpose being tbe same? These were some of the questions which I put to myself in shame, altera conversation with Major Aspinall, who is iu charge of the Western Pennsylvania, Northern Mary land and West "Virginia troops, with head quarters at Homestead, Pa. I was travel ing from Pittsburg East, when the Major entered the coach in which I was seated. My attention was first arrested by the uni form a close-fitting blue frock coat, with three stars ornamenting the shoulders and denoting the rank of Major; the American shield-shaped badge, with Salvation Army in plain relief, pinned to a lapel, and a blue cap, with red band bearing tbe same words in gilt letters. I fell to speculating why a fine-looking, intelligent-eyed man, able bodied and at the high noon of life should choose a calling which required him to wear the insignia of war in times of peace; receiving uncomplimentary comment and smiles of scorn. Of this I knew the wearer must be painfully conscious; and in the case of a sensitive woman, the cross would be hard to bear, and one that could not be borne without a deep and abiding conviction that the cause is a righteous one. Un pleasant notoriety is not the sort we seek, yet is the kind gained by salvation work. THE SALVATIONIST DOCTBIUE. What is it, then, that sustains the wearer of this conspicuous uniform? The more I thought, the more. I became possessed with an interest that would not down. So I de cided to go to headquarters for enlighten ment; and, with a fair-minded spirit, dis cover better reasons for condemning the army and its methods than I had known before, or forever after hold my peace. In answer to my first question I learned that their doctrines are Methodistic, and now I am wondering why they are repudiated by their Methodist brethren, and what can be the difference in the same tenets taught in carpet-covered churches or upon cold, wet streets. Is it not a distinction without a difference? I learned too, this organization had its birth 24 years ago in London. That the gospel is now preached by the army's methods in 21 countries, that New Zealand appropriates $10,000 for prison-gate work so called because the meetings are held at the prison gates for the benefit of convicts that there are to-day in the United States 195 corps or posts, 1,017 officers, 75 percent of them born or raised in this country; 7,000 soldiers and 1,500 recruit. One-third of the officers are females or sinele officers, by which is meant, not married otherwise thev would be called double offi cers, for be it known there is no marrying out side of the army ranks permitted, this edict bring based upon the belief that "A house divided against itself cannot stand." One of the marriage vows is to the effect they will work together for God, devoting all time not actually required in domestic duties; and as it is a part of the religion to live plainly $10 perveek being ihe amount allowed for all expenses, those lor traveling included, the care of the home establishment takes few ot the 2i hours Irom the work. There are no secret marriages. All cere monies must be performed in public, and a ring is always used in the service. HO WEDDINO TKIPS THOUGHT OF. This public ceremony is made a mans to an end, and immediately after the marriage the work of evangelization goes on a3 if nothing unusual had transpired. The exer cises upon this occasion are opened as upon others, with one of their arousing, and, to the unaccustomed, startling war songs, for instance: "We aro salvation soldiers of every class and grade. While fighting for King Jesus we never feel afraid; We fight beneath our army flag and never, never yield. We fight beneath our army flag in temple, street or field." OI course the introduction of religious services so soon after the ceremony precludes tbe throwing of slipper or rice, which levity upon an occasion so solemn as a marriage is not tolerated by the army. There is no divorcing, and marriage "is for better or for worse," until death comes to the rescue, However, there is a Catholic provision for the "worse." If there is domestic unhappi ness to the extent of interfering with worfc for the Master, then a separation may ensue, but neither party can remarry. But the Major knew ot no such cases, and of only one elopement. What with work for the army of from lour to nine hours daily and change ot base every three or six months, there is little time for "love-making. The salvation work as carried on by the army is entirely a labor of love. No one gets more than the plainest living there from. Each corps must support itself, and reports must be made weekly to headquart ers. If possibly three hours must be de voted daily to visiting from house to house praying and reading the Bible, if permitted. This is done in the belief that an officer can more successfully reach tbe heart of the soldier by personal intercourse at his home than from the platform, and by this means a class is reached and interested who would never follow the sounding brass and tink ling symbol through the streets to a place of worship. THE MUSICAL FEATUBE. By the way, is not this street band the most objectionable to us of all army meth ods? And whv? If these instruments and voices are used to call people together for religious services, what more does the bell, the organ or the choir? But there is still another class lower down the scale, but who none the less have souls, and for these are provided the slum workers, self-sacrificing sisters of charity and mercy and all-loving kindness, who throw aside their uniform and in the garb worn by the people of the neighborhood in which they decide to work theyake a room, sleep on straw, live as poor as the poorest, go out scrubbingmr do ing work that will bring them into close fellowship with the peoplethey would serve aud the work of rescuing the perishing begins. Drunken husbands, sick wives 'and neglected children are not hard to find in such quarters, and who dare say the kid gloved hand could reach such more quickly or more effectually? The tact which prompts these girls to dis card the uniform is notable. I Imagine a neglectful husband coming home to find an angel In disguise by the bedside of his wife, with his child hueged to her breast, singing to the tune of "Bock a Bye Baby" the words: Bye and bye, bye and Dye Jesus will corns, Sje and bye, bye ud bye welcome oj Home, Then with the angM we'll sing the new song Redeemed by the blood ot the crucified one. o you think that man would refuse to kneel in prayer, especially as tne invitation comes from one of hi? own class and not a "religious crank?" And is it unreasonable to supDose tiiat the same man might be'eon verted by the same means, and he and his family rescued from their wretchedness? GEXEBAL BOOTH'S "WIFE. Nor is this ail. We have all heard or read of the beautiful and accomplished Mrs. ISalliucton Booth, whose husband commands the United States forces and publishes the Tl'ar Cry, a weekly paper with a circulation of 30,000. Harper's Bazar says of this woman : "Mrs. Ballingtoa Booth, of the Salvation Army, is a very beautiful woman, possessing gracious man ners and a lovely voice. Eren the hideous uniform she wears cannot conceal her beauty and her air of distinction. She goes fearlessly into the worst quarters of the worst population, conquers a welcome by ner genuineness and sympathy, teaches the poor women she finds better ways of living, and so wins them to listen to spiritual counsel." And she goes, too, into the bouses of the .Astors and Vanderbilts and holds drawing room meetings, winning her way among these people by the same gracious manners, sincerity and culture. Major Aspinall has her promise to visit Pittsburg in the near future, when it is expected our own four hundred nny be excited to interest, if not in the cause, then in the woman Chaun cey M. Depew has called perfect. THE ARTICLES, OF WAR, It is not possible within the limits of a newspaper column to give in full the ten. "Articles of War" or promises made upon joining the army, but they should be printed and then pasted in every hat. These vows are to tbe effect that, having accepted the salvation offered by a merci'ul God, the soldier will worship, obey and fizhtfor Him through all time and eternity, and renounce the world and all its sinful" pleasures and boldly show himself a soldier of Jesui Christ in all places and companies, no dif ference what he has to suffer,todo, or to lose by so doing; and to refrain from the use of all intoxicating liquors and narcotic drugs; and from using low language or taking the name of God la' vain; from taking part in unclean conver sations or reading obscene literature; and not be guilty of falsehood, deceitfulness, gossip or fraudulent conduct either at his home or iu any relation in which he may stand to his fellowmen; that he will never treat any woman or child whose life, com fort or happiness may be placed within his power in an oppressive, cruel, or cowardly manner, but protect such, etc. and that ha will spend all the time, strength, money and influence he can in supporting and carrying on the war against sin and en deavor by every means iu his power to induce men to submit themselves to the government of Jesus Christ. "What mora would ye?" Meq. Catarrh Cared. A clergyman, after years of suffering from that Ioathbome disease Catarrh, and vainly trying every known remedy, at last found a prescription which completely cured and saved him from death. Any sufferer from this dreadful disease sending a self-addressed stamped edvelope to Prof. J. A. Lawrence, 88 Warren street. New York, will receive the recipe free of charge. EOS MARVELOUS Triumph Over DISEASE WITHOUT MElHCIN'E. I)F WILFORD HALL'S 11KALTH FAMPHLEI shows how Urspepsit, Constipation, Piles, Fevers, Khenmatism, Colds. Llrer or Kidney Troubles, or almost any aliment is Co.NQCEUKD WITHOUT MEOICdE. The Treatment Is Harmless, easily ap plied; relief Is speedy and permanent. It U neither Mind Cnre. Faith Cure nor a set of rnles. but a PosltlTe 'I reatment baed upon tne Laws of Life. For particulars and indorsements add.ea (with 2c stamp! HYUIESIOTREATMliJJT CO.. Agents, P. V. Box TO, Pittsburg, Pa. apl0-64-TTSSU mi POUND A A GAIN OF A POUND A DAY IN THE CASE OF A MAN WHO HAS EECOME "ALL EUN DOWN," AND HAS BEGUN TO TAKE THAT REMARKABLE FLESH PRODUCER, OF PURE COD LIVER OIL WITH Hypophosphites of Lime &Soda IS NOTHING UNUSUAL. THIS FEAT i HAS BEEN PERFORMED OVER. AND OVER, again. Palatable as milk. En dorsed by Physicians. Sold by all Druggists. Avoid substitutions and imitations. od-H-itirraa NEW Shoe Brush 1 Get Bottlo WOLFFS ACM BLACKING And clean your Shoe WITHASPONCE in place EVERY Housewife EVERY Counting Roorri EVERY Carriage Owqer' EVERY Tririfty Mechanic EVERY Boda able to. hold a brush BUUULU UBB runr. wtu. Stain old a hcw furniture WILL STAIN 6LASS AND OHINAWAR WILL STAIN TlNWARC will Stain tour Old Baskets will8tain dadt's coach and VarnitJk at the satna time. WOLFF & RANDOLPH, Fhlllelphl. Jjit to Dng, Paint and Bam TumUMng Storm.' mhlM-TTSSU to use ggai MEDICATED Because it Improves her looks and is as fra grant as violets. OZjlD KVJKR"V"VriOERJB. I mteVMw'j j IM2-IGJ; slntlliili?i A.s IW I D" Brush. ga. nam ; tv!!S 3 A rAm & cam at I i m - .
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers