e 12 THE PITTSBURG- DISPATCH, FBIDAT, MAHOH 31, 1890. A PEEP AT ALGIERS, "Wakeman Describes His Wanderings Through the Enchanting TYHITE CITY UPON THE HILLSIDE. (Startling Contrasts in Rationality Co3tnme. and STEAKGE SCENES OF ETERYDAI LIFE tCORKZSPONDEXCK OF TIIE DIE PATCH. 2 Algieks, March 4. Although the envi rons of Algiers are enchanting in their uniqueness of architecture in villa, palace, khouba and tiny Arab villages nestling be neath olives and palms, the larger human interest will always be felt by the stranger in what may be seen within the fine boule vards and ancient, unmodermzed streets of "the white city upon the hillside." 2or will you have to wander in search of this. The great Boulevard de la Itepublique, the chief street of Algiers, faces the harbor, and on the city side are innumerable massive structures for marine, governmental and commercial purposes. Eue de la Liberie and its continuation, Rue Bab Azzoun, run parallel behind. Eue Bab el Oued is a sort of extension of these, leading around the base of the promontory on which the city is built, to Fort Ueuf and the near town of St Eucene. Prom these streets as a base, and in a measure a division line between the new Algiers of the French and the remaining old' Algiers 01 the Arabs, innumerable tortuous thoroughfares, with defined boundaries in Hue Porte Keuve on the left and Boulevard Valee at the right, ascend sinuously over a triangular qrarter to the Kasbab, the ancient citadel, poised at the extreme point of the promontory, and the angle, perhaps 500 feet above the sea. Within this triangle are found the densest native population, the strangest architecture, and all manner ot scenes in the everyday life of the people of more thorouch Oriental coloring than can be witnessed in any other equal space in Algiers, Tripoli or Egypt. A SIAZE OP ACTIVITY. The splendid Place du Gouvernmcnt with its fine border of trees is fairly between the two extremities of this triangular maze of Algerian thoroughfares and activities. On two sides of the square are masses of car riages day and night All lines of tramway and omnibuses center here. The hundred thousand or to Arabs below the Kasbah, stream through it at least once a day. Trains from the desert and outlying villages must pass this wav. People reaching the quays, coming from the harbor, passing to and from difierent portions of the citv, the military in countless squads and detach ments, members ot foreign embassies, coun trymen with produce for the markets, citi zens going to and irom the markets, in fact every manner oi being and interest centered here, must at some hour of the day or night aid in making up the studies thus presented. So taking your station among the little Arab bootblacks of the Place du Gouvern ment, a few hours of quiet observation will bhow you more of Algerian character and lifc than could be tola in an entire book from the most graphic pen; while no art could ever paint the movement and action which lend such vigor, color and feeling to the curious contrasts crowding upon the sight. In no city that I have ever visited are found such startling contrasts both in nationality and costume. It seems as though representatives of every nat'jnality and condition on earth were here, and, within an hour's time impressed your sight and thought with the sharp distinctions of varying civilizations, as well as conditions, of all men. ron auld laxg srxn. I had not stood contemplating the throng five minutes when an American tramp printer edged up beside me and "nicked the office" for auld lang syne, to which, I pledge you, my heart made me respond with more than ordinary liberality. 'carhim, against the wall, lounged a Malar sailor. In front of him stood a French priest To my left loitered a clean blouscd Chinaman, just landed, and gazing with his sad, soiled eyes as though for an available laundry stand. While within a radius of 10 feet square were grouped three Turkish mer chants in earnest conversation, two Russian travelers, like myself interested as onlook ers, a Kabyle man and woman with bic, scared eves, as though they were lost, a Church of England curate, with a pale, con sumptive face, two American sailors, dirty and drunken, scenting only Algerian possi bilities of vice, and, more power to the little runt for his explorative Drowess, a tiny hump-back, sallow and shaven, wearing a stiff cap with the well-known red band of the Salvation Army, who deferentially handed us a pulp-paper '-dodgei" on which was badly printed iu English, French and Arabic, "Salvation is Freel" "Fly From the Wrath to Come!" upon the reading of which the two American sailors started alenly toward the harbor, as if absent from their vessel without leave, and fearful of ap prehension and punishment But let us watch these strange and varied tides of human travel setting past us in all directions. This group comprises a half dozen JUozabites. They are Svrians by descent, and are believed to be identical in race with the Scriptural Moabites. Thev are the fiercest money makers of Algiers, and are butchers, grocers, bakers, anything for riches. Their greed is prompted bv a curious ambition. This is to gain independ ence and return to their homes at Hammada Chebka, a li'tle oasis surrounded bv lofty rocks in the most arid and burning portion of Central Sahara. A WOZABITE'S AMBITION". In this little blistering beehive, contain ing about 20 square miles, are countless cultivated gardens and five populous cities, and to some time come back here and idle and dream, the Mozabite will work and starve half a lifetime. You cannot mistake him in Algiers. He is darker than the Arab, not so black as the negro; his skin has the appearance of continuous oiling; he wears a white turban, but is chiefly distin guished in dress because of invariably wearing a sort of sleeveless tunic, called the gandoura. which tails straight to the knees, like my blue denims tunic when I was a country boy, nearly 40 years ago. The stripes and zig-zags in this garment are something marvelous. His wile wears the adjar or veil, like the Arab women, but her haik (shawl or wrap) which covers her head, falling nearly to her feet, is of blue and white checked stuff, similar to that worn by negresses in Alciers. Those Mnz-i. bites have with them a bevy of Kabyles, who are in from the farther Atlas range of mountains with animals for the shambles. They are butchers; are on their wav to the abbatoir at Hamma, along the shore to the south of the city, and are volubly depressing prices in excited banterings. Swaggering at their heels are a dozen or more navies from the grim old German man-of-war in the harbor. They have sat all night, drinking and singing, and nothing worse (all honor to the German man for it!) in the cafe de Bordeaux, just across the Place there. They have fair skins, curling beards, clean, honest faces, these gay fellows; and though a little roy irom the wine and the choruses, pass along civillv, keeping as good step as could be expected, and, hand in hand, are still softly sinsing as Germans only can sing that bundeslied of magic tenderness and power. "Bruder reicht dc Hand zum Bunde!" THE BRITISH TOUBIbT. Following these are the entire members of an English family, a round dozen altogeth er. They are travelers; or are here for the benefit of the glorious winter climate; are dressed sensibly in honest woolen stuff, and, better than all, are walkers, every one of them. They learn something when they travel; for anyone with brains enough to see the world on foot, sees it from the proper level always. Behind them is a score o ne- gresses. They are on their way from the Arab markets, over in the Place de la Lyre and Place dc Chartres: and you may find any dav hundreds more like them as helpers there. "They are indescribably ugly, with short, puffy bodies, tremendous heads and short, huge necks, lumpy cheeks and square jaws, nos trils flattened back almost in a line with the facial angle; and lies like a pair of ebon ized conch shells. Their haiks are always of the blue and white checked variety, in tensifying the luster and depth of color of their coal black skins. Some of them are veiled, giving them an air of monumental coyishness and skittishness. Beside the haik and veil, little should be said about their costume. Below the haik are cascades and cataracts of garmentary all-sorts. Two wear the bright red cast-off trousers of the French Zouaves. A pair of cavalry boots ornament the feet and legs of a third". The rest are barefooted, and their feet are like huge claws. But the poor creatures were born in the jungles below Sahara. They have not been tree long. They are sunny tempered and brave. They clatter and jabber along with a good deal of independence and dignity. You or I, under like conditions, micht not make even so much out of life in Algiers. THE TKEKCH TEOOPS. Here come several detachments of the military. They arc shilling guards at the different forts for the sake of discipline. In advance is a little squad of mounted officers. Following these come three or four small bodies of chasseurs, and then there are seen six companies, or parts of companies, of the infantry. In three of these companies a small proportion are Arabs. One whole company is composed of native soldiers, even to the officers. And in this trifling ex hibition ot the soldiery one can read the entire military policy of theFrench provin cial administration here. Algiers is one of France's 19 military "regions." Each one of these "regions" is supposititiously occu pied by an entire army corps. But the Nineteenth Corps, that of Algiers, com prises between 60,000 and 70,000 available men. In many French regiments each company holds a few natives, during our own Civil War Wisconsin ud Minnesota troops had a few Chippewa Indians among them distrib uted through each company, or occasionally comprising entire companies. Some regi ments have entire companies of Arabs, in cluding officers. But the three regiments of Tirailleurs indigenes, and thrte regiments of Spahis, are the only ones composed ex clusively of native troops. The former are called Turcos, and are similarly organized to the native infantry in India, and the lat ter are used lor outpost service, each man being provided with a small piece of land for cultivation, free of taxation. No native soldier can rise above the rank of captain, and the entire body of native volunteers is so distributed, and so well treated, that dan ger from uprising is almost wholly elim inated. These fellows have a fine, manly look, and their military bearing is given added interest by their oval (aces, sparkling eyes, closely-cropped black beards, and their light and elastic step. THE KEY TO AFEICA. As one sees these splendidly drilled and disciplined men disappear down the Bue dc la Lyre, and notices the gleams of exultation in the on-looking Arab's eyes, the prophetic thought comes: After all, France holds the key to Africa. Algiers alone is as great in area as France. That Government has within five years acquired south and east of Senegal a reach of new territory nearly 1,000 miles in length. And it is no dream that whil; other European nations are bristling along each other's frontiers, France will have meantime gained a vast African em pire whose stations, interests and activities snail reach in an unbroken line from the Mediterranean to the Gulf of Guinea. Here is a drove of weary donkeys with bulging palmetto panniers on their backs, and, chattering beside each one, is a bare headed, bare-armed and bare-legged black man, with straight hair, fine, determined features, and with splendid form and mus cular development This is the scavenger train of Algiers. Garbage from houses is loaded into these panniers and the litter of the streets is also conveyed away by the same primitive means. The men so em ployed are the Biskris. They were the po lice, water carriers and all manner or serv ing men under the Deys in old Algiers. They are now scavengers, water carriers and men servants at large. These Biskris bear a strikingly similar relation to Algiers that the Gallegans of Spain do to Madrid and other cities of the South. They are the ever-patient, never resentful servants of all Spain outside Galicia, their one ambition being to earn and save enough to secure a little choza and patch of land where they may contentedly end their days in the glens on the mountain slopes of the North. GROUTS OP NATIVES. So with the Biskris youth from the desert-bordering Algerian village. Sub sisting upon dates which he carries in his pocket, he sets out on loot for the "white city," and suffers every fatigue and degree of starvation to reach it. Then, like the Gallegan, he will lead a slave's life tor the humblest earnings. His dream, and he will realize it, too, if he earns less than 10 sous per day, is to save as much as 200 or $300, and with it return to his birth-land otsis and buy a date-palm grove, and from two to six wives to care for himself and his planta tion. Besides all these strange folks who will pass you, the impish little bootblacks are constantly dancing about you, ready to per form any'diabolical feat, from blacking and shining their faces to plumping an eye out ana into its socket, tor but 1 sou lor each exhibition; thousands of travelers from all nations will have trooped by yon.displaying the costume, manner and marked character istics of each: trains of donkeys and camels laden with merchandise for the far villages will have flitted by, hundreds of Kabyles, with leather aprons and shaven heads, their strong wives, unveiled, with long chemises reaching to their feet and girdled at the waist with bright sashes, who work with their husbands everywhere and anywhere, have provided an ample study of these Afri can hillmen; while thousands of the native Arab men and women have swept by with swish of robes and jingling jewels and anklets, like weird and soltly-musical wraiths in white. Most of these were plod ding toward some koubah, marabout or mosque to worship. Leaving the strange scenes of the street, we will iollow those who arc on their way to Djamaa el-Kebir, the Grand Mosque, to pray. Edgar L. Wakesian. Confirmed. The favorable impression produced on the first appearance of the agreeable liquid fruit remedy Syrup of Figs a few years ago lias been more than confirmed bvtbe pleasant experi ence of all who have used it, and the succe-s of tbe proprietors and manufacturers the Cali fornia Fig Syrup Company. Brokan- Bros.' Celebrated Boj and Chll- drcn'a Clothins. These fashionable makers have prepared a number of exclusive and beautiful spring suits for boys and children that surpass even their previous productions. Parents desir ous of having their boys dressed fashionably and in the best taste are invited to inspect these new goods at Sailor's, Sixth and Lib erty streets. Sole agency for Pittsburg. JIWF Little Both' Snit for One Dollar Made in two pieces of solid goods. Come to the People's Stole. Campbell & Dick. Come to Hauch's jewelry store this week for bargains. All goods marked in plain figures. 295 Fifth ave. -vps Ourfprinjr Kid Gloves Now open. Fine qualities, C8c, 75c, 89, SI SI 25, 1 50. SI 75. A snecial lot tans only 75c, worth SI 50. Misses"' 4 b., 38c and 75c; 5 hooks, 98c Men's fine kid, $1, gl 18 SI 50, at Itosenbaum & Co.'s. Confirmation Presents. Our slock of watches, chains, rings, pins and earrings is well selected and very com plete, and our prices are 20 per cent less than elsewhere for strictly first-class goods, at Hauch's jewelrv store, No. 295 Filth ave Established 1853. w'F.s THE FASTS OF LENT As Celebrated in Europe in the Years That Aro Fast and Gone. THE MORTIFYING OP THE FLESH Strongly Insisted On in the Early Days of the Church, RULES THAT WERE DECIDEDLY BIG1D The rescript to the Roman Catholic Bishops from the inquisition, empowering them, in all dioceses visited by the epidemic, "qui hoc tempore non Europam modo sed alias Orbis regiones late pervasit," to dis pense their flocks from the law of fasting and abstinence during Lent, has reminded the world in general of the fact that in by gone days those observances occupied a prominent place both in private and in pub lic life. The first thing that will strike anyone who takes the trouble to inquire into the subject, says a writer in the London Saturday i?ecteu,will be the im mense variety in the methods followed in different countries, at different periods, and under different circumstances; and if the student chooses to enlarge his field, and ob serve the, various "uses," from that of the serious-minded young English woman, who takes no sugar in her tea during Lent, to those of tho Mohammedan, who tastes no food from sunrise to sunset during the whole of the month of Ramadan, orof the Hebrew, who on the six solemn fasts of the year eats nothing from daybreak until the three first stars appear, he will find matter enough to fill a good-sized volume. It is our present purpose to confine our selves to the consideration of a very small number of the variations in the rules and customs connected with fasting that either prevail, or have prevailed, exclusively among bodies professing Christianity, al though we aro well aware that some very interesting details might be collected con cerning those existing among the adherents of other religions. BOTH LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS. In the early Christian Church wine was as much forbidden as meat to those who were fasting. If, in one of his encyclicals, the present i"ODe were to say, lite Air. Uoschen, "I cast my eyes upon wine," and then to forbid its use on days ot fasting and ab stinence, there would, we think, be not a little wailing among the faithful. Verv terrible must have been the ancient days of holy week that were classed under the euphonious title of Xerophagy, when the only food allowed was bread and salt, to which, in certain localities only, vegetables were added. St Gregory of Nyssa, in the fourth century, wrote that neither food nor water was allowed to be taken until sunset on fast days. Much later, mass was not said in Lent until 3 P. 31.; and until that was over, as well as the services of none and vespers, nobody was permitted to eat or drink. In the eighth century we find Theodulf, Bishop of Orleans, reproviug those who be gan to eat during Lent at 3 o'clock without waiting for mass. In the same century Charlemagne made matters a little easier for his courtiers, who might not cat until he had finished his own meal, and then at suc cessive tables, according to their rank, by having the afternoon services at 2 instead o: at 3. In the thirteenth century St Thomas Aquinas considers it sufficient that the one Lenten meal be not taken till "about" 3 o'clock. In the next century Robert de Brunne censures those who on any day of the year eat before mass Me thinketh they trespass full ill. That any day eat ere they hear mass, But if it bo through harder distress. In the later middle ages mass and vespers during Lent finished rather before 3 o'clock, and in the year 1500 the synodal decrees of Paris allowed tbe single fait day meal to be taken as early as midday. A VARIETY OF EULES. The rules concerning Lent varied greatly in different localities lor several centuries. A writer in the fifth centurv mentions that in certain places it lasted only three weeks, in others six, and in some as much as seven. Then there were centuries in which the Lenten last was kept on every day of the week. Sunday was omitted in others, and elsewhere there was no fasting on either that day or Saturday. The latter was the rale of St. Ambrose. At the Council of Trullo, held at Constantinople in the seventh century, it was forbidden to fast on Satur days in Lent In most places Lent began, not on Ash Wednesday, hut on the first Sunday in Lent, until the Latin Church, in the ninth century, added the four days be ginning with Ash Wednesday. Even then the new custom was long in becoming universal. About 100 years afterward St Margaret of Scotland enforced its ob servance among her subjects, who do not appear to have adopted it until then, and C00 years later still, St Charles Borromeo recognized the Ambrosian use of delerring the beginning of Lent until the first Sunday. To this day in the Roman Catholic Church thefast days vary greatly in differ ent countries and even dioceses, and al though its Lent now begins or ends on the same days throughout the world, there is considerable difference in the rules for keep ing it in certain localities. Then with re gard to Advent there is some diversity. In the fifth century it was kept as a general fast of 40 days, from November 11 till Christmas. This custom has so died out that, although in England and Ireland Ro man Catholics are made to fast on the Wednesdays and Fridays in Advent, there is no sucn rule ou tbe Uontinent except in religious houses, and only in some of those. A curious custom prevails in France of allowing a certain waterfowl that feeds chiefly on fish to be eaten on days of the year on which other flesh meat is forbidden. We think, however, that many people who have once tasted this particular delicacy will not be likely to avail themselves of the privilege a second time. AN EXCEPTIONAL CASE. The most interesting exceptional rule con nected with abstinence is tbe one that exists in Spain. It seems that at the time of the Crusades all who contributed a fixed annual sura were dispensed from certain days of abstinence by a Papal Bull, and this dispensation has never been withdrawn. As the fee required has beco'me a mere trifle through the deterioration in the value of money (about a couple of shillings), the dispensation has fallen within the reach of most people, and the funds thus accumu lated are devoted to charitable purposes. The Cistercians, who did so much in the Middle Ages foragriculture in this countrv, usea to last irom September the 14th until Easter, eating neither meat, fish nor eggs. After the Reformation a statute was passed in England enjoining abstinence from "meat on Fridays, Saturdays and Vigils; and this was enjoined in the reign of Queen Eliza beth. It was, however, expressly declared that this was not done with a view to the spiritual edification of her subjects, but in order to benefit the fish trade, and economize the stock of mutton. Even now the Carthu sians, who have a large monastery in the South of England, as well as at the Grande Chartreuse and the Certosa near Florence, never eat meat and never buy fish, although they will eat the latter when given to them as an alms. Their usual regimen consists of eggs and cheese on Sundays and Thursdays; nothing but bread and water on Mondays, Wednes days and Fridays, and boiled pulse and herbs on Tuesdays and Saturdavs. Their bread, which they may eat every day, is made of bran. The Trappists, again, and certain Reforms of the Benedictines, never eat meat, aud the Dominicans onlv eat it when they are preaching. The Capuchins keep (wo Lents, tbe usual one, and another, or about equal length, in the autumn. The Jesuits, on the other hand, during the long course of years which they devote to severe study, are usually dispensed irom fasting altogether, and sometimes, but sot always, from abstinence. Members of the Greek Church may take neither meat, fish, eggs, milk, cheese, wine, beer, nor oil on any Wednesday or Friday in Lent; and throughout the same season, in the Coptic Church, no eating, drinking or smoking is allowed until tbe service is over in the church at about 1 r. h. IN DATS OP OLD. It is interesting to remember that, when the rules about fasting were far stricter among Roman Catholics in England than they are now, such a thing as eating flesh during Lent being unheard of, and the fast days at other times being then much more numerous than at present, it was very dim cult for those living inland to get any fresh fish, caught in the sea, and that the potato, to say nothing of certain other vegetables, had not yet been introduced into this coun try. Tea and coffee were unknown, as also were tobacco and many other little luxuries which tend to make a day or lasting or ab stinence far from intolerable in modern times. Nor should it be forgotten that eggs were not allowed on fast days in the Middle Ages. Cheese, milk and butter were long forbidden. The permission to eat meat at the "one meal" on every day in Lent except Wednesdays and Fridays and the last four days of Holy Week is very modern, indeed, nor is it universal. Another modern innovation is the tolera tion of the custom of taking a little tea or coffee with a few mouthfuls, which are not to count at all, at breakfast time, as well as the "half meal," which, with certain re strictions, is allowed under the title of Col lation, later on in the day. We fear that, however convenient and consoling these re laxations mav be to those who profess the Roman Catholic religion, thsy can have no interest to the archteologist, except, perhaps, by wav of contrast, in making him wonder at the marvellous powers of medieval in sides. But we must tear ourselves away from a subject which oilers much opportu nity for contemplation and research to the antiquary, the historian, and the student of human nature. MEIER'S ANSWER FILED. Ho Snya tlio Money Was Given to Hnngbey on Account ot tun Glae Company. The answer of Gregor Meyer, trustee ot the Real Estate Loan nnd Trust Company, to set aside certain judgments held by him against the William A. Baeder Glue Com pany, was filed yesterday. Mr. Meyer says it is true the judgments were obtained by confession of L. C. Haughey, who managed the Pittsburg end of the defendant com pany's business and was also a member of the firm, but denies that the judgments were confessed by him to secure individual in debtedness, but claims that they were for loans for discounts of business paper and large sums of money advanced or loaned by plaintiff to the defendant company from time to time. He also says that all the money obtained by It. C. Haughey at plaintiff bank was given on the faith and credit of the William A. Baeder Glue Company, and that the de- lendant company is still indebted to plain tiff In the sum of S10.000, and that L. C. Haughey was not indebted privately or in dividually to the plaintiff bank. 0XE WATCHMAN BN0DGH. Proceedings Tnhen to Relieve a Boat of One of In Guards. Judge Acheson, of the United States Dis trict Court, yesterday issued an order on George W. Parker to show cause why the steamer Little Acme should not be dis charged from the Marshal's custody. Par ker was an employe on the boat, and filed a libel in admiralty against the boat for his wages. The Marshal took possession of the boat and placed a watchman on board. The vessel, however, had already been seized by the Sheriff of Beaver county for other debts, and he also had a watchman on board. It was thought that one man was enough to guard the boat, and the proceedings were commenced to have it discharged from the Marshal's custody. TAKEN CARE OF FOR AWHILE. Tho Anti-Croclty eocifiy to Provide Little Thomas Edwards. In the habeas corpus proceedings for of Morgan Edwards and wife against their daughter, Sarah Ann Edwards, to recover their 11-year-old son Thomas, Judge White yesterday directed that the boy be placed in charge of the Anti-Cruelty Society for the next six months. The father of the boy is to pay all expenses for his keep, and at the end of 'that time the Conrt will determine what further disposi tion to make of the boy. A Verdict Acnlnnt Krcbi. In the suit of H. P. Krebs for use of J. R. Mellon, against Thomas Davison, an action on a contract for the purchase of property, a verdict was given yesterday for the defendant To-Dny'a Trial Lists. Common Picas No. 1 Chrlstman vs Mifflin township; Wallace vs Munhall & Co.; Gallagher ct ux vs Holt et al: Lucas vs Metropolitan National Bank; Hartman, executor, vs Pfeil, executrix: Huckestein vs Nunnery Hill Incline Piano Company; Morton vs Ablet et al; Fui mer vs borouch of McKeesport; Scanlon vs Denn iston; Girdwood, for use. vs Criukshauk; ijamb. executor, vs Stone et al; Wagner vs btandmg et alj Shovelin vs Schaub: Shaul et ux vs Gardner; Coursin vs Molseed et al. Common Plpas No. 2 Uradwell vs Pittsburg and West End Pas-enger Railway Company; Sampson vs Pittsbure and Western Railroad Company; Pctrie vs Pittsburg, Cincinnati and St. Louis Railway Company. To-Daj'a Audit List. Kstate or Accountant. Dr. James L. Reed. H. Henderson. Jacob Hurrcy. Veronica Bnrrey. Mary Hesner. Charles Havis. Benjamin Trimble J. P. O.uinn. B. F. T) t fit... w T mi Louis Reineman Charles Reineman et al. Ann Scullv H. R. Scully. Charles Wirth Wm. Miller etal. Louis Reineman Charles Reineman et al. U1U3UH.. ........ ...uarjiarei xj. uiusod, Notes From tbe Conrt House. A verdict for the defendant was given in tbe suits of Fred Hufnacle and John Chapman against Harry C. Miller for damages for al- J leged false arrest. The suit of Robert Gracey against tbe Peo ple's Mutual Accident Association, an action to tecover an accident insurance, is on trial be fore JudceSlagle. In the snlt of Joseph Childs against the bor oogb of McKeesport for damages for tbe loss of his bouse, sweDt away by a flood, a verdict was civen for tho defendant In the suit of Robert McGregor and John Peterman and wife against Fred Gwinner, P. J. Foley, M. Foley and George Carson lor dam. apes for constructing a pipe line tbrougb tbe plaintiffs' property, a verdict was given yester day for $112 SO for tbe plaintiffs. The suit of Mrs. Barbara Steinbommer against tho Pittsburg and Western Railroad Company for damages for tbe death of her husband, is on trial before Judge Stowe. Stein bommer was driving across the railroad track in Allegheny, in February, 1888. when his rig was struck by an accommodation train and he received fatal Injuries. Keep Dr. Bull's Cough Syrup and you insure your life against a "consumptive's grave. Adjourned Sale of EUesior Estate, Corner of Jackson and Webster, Al legheny, to Wednesday, March 26, at 10 A. M.; five brick house on Jackson, and one brick house on Webster. A. J. Pentecost, Auctioneer, 413 Grant street. SI Until Farther Notice. SI. A life-size crayon for 53 50, or 12 cabinets or one 8x10 photo for $1, at Aufrecht's Elite Gallery, 516 Market st.P'g. Bring children. Drem Your Boy in n Good Sunday Suit For $3 75 at the People's Store. We keep thfe best kind of boys' clothing. Come see us. Campbell & Dick.- Fine diamond jewelry, lowest prices. Go to Hauch's, No. 295 Filth ave. tvps A FAIR DATS WORK. The Knlier of Hours of Toll Fixed by Custom or Contract for LABOR IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES Workers Who Are Kept Steadily at Their Tasks Prom 17 to 19 Hours WITHOUT TIME FOR EEST OR SLEEP There has been of late so much agitation and discussion as to what does, and what does not, constitute a fair day's work, that the reports of Her Majesty's representatives abroad, with respect to the hours of labor in Europe and the United States, come to hand very opportunely, and afford convenient means of comparison with the hours of labor that prevail in Britain. So far as regards laws regulating the num ber of hours a man shall worn, the great majority of our representatives in for eign lands have the same story to tell that such laws are non-existent. Of the different States forming the empire of Ger many none have any special enactments on the subject, the Imperial Legislature alone being competent to deal with it, and that body bas lelt adult labor entirely unfettered, except in forbidding the employment of women in certain kinds of work, and enact ing that employers may not compel their workmen to ply their vocations upon Sun days or feast days, only where the special nature of an industry precludes the work being postponed or interrupted. In 1886 the Belgian Labor Commission pronounced against any legislative inter ference with the freedom of workingmen. Neither in Sweden, Denmark, the Nether lands, Spain, Portugal, Russia, Italy, Greece nor Turkey has the idea of fixing the limits of a working day by law been enter- tained; while tbe Roumanians, Bulgarians, Servians and Montenegrins, if they agree in nothing else, are of one mind as to leaving masters and men to make such arrangements as tbey deem best for their interests. LONG HOURS AND HABD WOBK. Very little information is vouchsafed as to tbe actual working hours in the countries where freedom of contract remains unchal lenged; but we are not left quite in the dark. We learn, says a writer in Chamber)' Journal, that a Turkish working day lasts from sunrise to sunset, with certain inter vals for relreshment and repose. In Mon tenegro the day laborer begins work between C and 6 in the morning, knocks off a 8 for half an hour, works on till noon, rests until 2, and then labors on until sunset. This is in summer. In winter he commences work ing at 7:30 or 8, rests from 12 to 1, and works uninterruptedly from that time to sunset The rules respectinc skilled labor are the oretically the same, but considerable laxity prevails in practice. Iu Servia tbe principle of individual conveni ence rules in every case. In Portugal , from sunrise to sunset is tbe usual length of the working day. With field laborers and workmen in the building trade the summer working day begins at 4:30 or 5 in the morn ing and ends at 7 in the evening, two to three hours' rest being taken in the middle of the day. In winter the hours are from 7:30 to 5, with a short interval of repose. In manufactories the rule is 12 hours in sum mer aud 10 in winter, with an hour and a half allowed for meals. Eleven hours is the average day's labor in Delirium: but brewers' men work from 10 to 17 hours; brickinakers, 16; the cabinet makers of Brussels aud Ghent are often at work 17 hours a day; tramway drivers are on duty from 15 to 17 hours, with an hour and a half off at noon; railway guards some times know what it is to work 19J hours at a stretch; and in the mining dis tricts women are often kept at truck loading and similar heavy labor for 13 or 14 hours. thirteen nouBS A day. The normal work day throughout Saxony is 13 hours, with 2 hours' allowance for meal taking. In Baden the medium dura tion of labor is from 10 to 12 hours; but in some cases it far exceeds this, often rising to 15 hours in stoneware and china works and cotton mills; in sawmills to 17 hours; while the workers in sugar refineries, where the shift system is in vogue, work for 24 hours, and then have 24 hours free; and in too many of the Baden factories Sunday work is the rule. Iu Russian industrial estab lishments the difference in the working hours is something extraordinary, varying from 6 to 20. "It is remarkable that these great divergences occur in the same branches of industry within the same inspector's dis trict, and among establishments whose produce realizes the same market price." The only European States in which the law controls, or pretends to control, the dis posal ot a grown man or woman s time are Austria, Switzerland or France. In the first named the factory hand must not work more than 11 hours a day, exclusive of an hour and a half for refreshment and recuper ation: and in mines the actual working shilt is limited to ten hours; but these rules are liable to modification with the joint con sent of the Minister of tbe Interior and the Minister of Commerce; while in special cases tbe Industrial Officer of the district is empowered to permit a temporary increase in the working hours for a period of three weeks or less. A permanent exiension of time has for some reason been given by ministerial ordinance to spinning mills anil silk factories, by which the hours of labor have been lengthened to 12 and 13 hours re spectively. SUNDAY LABOR PEOIIIBITED. In Switzerland a working day must not ex ceed 11 hours, with one hour's interval, comprised between the hours of 5 A. ai. and 8 P. M. during the months of June, July and August; and between 6 a. m. aud 8 P. jr. during the remainder of the year, the time to be regulated by the town clock. On Sat urdays and holidays the workshops must be closed two hours earlier. Exceptional and temporary prolongation of the working time is obtainable in cases of necessity, "but not simply to suit the convenience of the em ployer." Sunday labor, except where it is absolutely necessary, is prohibited alto gether; and under no circumstances is femi nine labor permissible on that day. On or dinary days any woman having a "household to look alter is free to leave the shop one half hour belore the mid-day rest The hours of adult labor in France are regulated by a series of decrees, the earliest of which, promulgated in 1818. enacted that the workingman's day in manufactories aud mills shall not exceed 12 hours of "effectual labor." In 1851 another decree exemnted certain occupations from the limitation; and in 1885 it was officially laid down that the 12 hours' limit was confined to such manu factories and mills as were moved by ma chinery by day, or machinery iu motion by day and night without extinction of fires; anil that no workshops employing less than 21 hands in anvone'shed came under the law of 1848. Of the 0,000,000 or 7,000,000 people earning daily wages in Frauce, not more than 1.000,000 are computed to be sub ject to the provisions of that law; indeed, the inspectors of factories only record 3S9, 000 adults, of whom 41 per cent are women; and Jt may be accepted that Freuchnien in factories pass at least 14 out of everv 24 hours in the factory; while the workers out side, such as carpenters, masons and labor ers, work lor any number of hours inclina tion may prompt or necessity compel. AMERICAN WORKERS' HOURS. The United States are by no means united on the subject of labor legislation. Most of them are content to leave it alone. New York pronounces eight hours a legal day's work for all classes of mechanics, working men and laborers excepting those engaged in farm and domestic labor, or in the opera tion ot street surface or elevated railroads within the limit of cities of more -than 100, 000 inhabitants; ten hours' labor within 12 consecutive hours, with a reasonable time for meals, constituting a day's work with the last-mentioned. Connecticut, Pennsyl vania, California and Indiana reckon the legal working day at eight hours; in Michi gan, Rhode Island, Maine, Florida and Maryland it is two hours longer; but the clauses in all enactments of the kind contain the distinctive pro viso, "unless otherwise agreed;" and addendum which doubtless owes its being to the fact that by the American Constitution the several States are prohibited from pass ing any laws impairing the obligation of contracts. Law or no law it comes to the same thing with those concerned. As every where else, so in America, the length of a working day varies in different trades and callings, ranging Irom eight to 16 hours; but, as a general rnle, ten hours is the work ing day of the United States. As will be seen from the above statistics, the position of British workmen may com pare favorably with that of workmen abroad. Of course this remark does not ap ply to special classes of British workmen, sucn as those who serve the needs ot the traveling public, and whose honrs are in many cases unquestionably too long. The skilled artisan in Britain, as well as the agricultural laborer, appear, however, when compared with their cotemporaries on the Continent and the States, to be in a much better position as reg.irds hours of labor. Pimples -AND- Blotches RE EVIDENCE That the blood is wrong, and that nature is endeav oring to throw off the impurities. Nothing is so beneficial in assisting nature as Swift's Specific (S. S. S.) It is a simple vegetable compound. Is harmless to the most delicate child, yet it forces the poison to the surface and fuminumi itjrom me oiooa. frlWE MARIO ..""SJj ";. . "", oiooa poison that unfitted, me for business for four years. A few bottles of Swift's Specific (S. S. S.) cured me. J. C. Jones, City Marshal, Fulton, Arkansas. Treatise on Blood and Skin Diseases mailed Bse. Swift Specific Co., Atlanta, Ga. T mitH01 n pnmA t LI 1 BOLD MEDAL, PARIB, 187u. "W. BAKER & CO.'S Bfeaitast Cocoa Is absolutely pure and it is soluble. No CJiemicals aro uied in Its preparation. It hat nor tian thre timtt ti MtrtngUt ot Cocoa mixed with Starch, Arrowroot or Sugar, and Is therefore far more economical, coating Ittt Han on cent a cvp. It Ii delicious, nourishing, itreDgthenln?, Easily Diozstzd, and admirably adapted for inralldi as veil ai for persons In health. Sold by Grocers everywhere W. BAKER & CO., Dorchester, Mass. CAUTION Take no s toes unless TV. L. DonBl.vs' name and nrlrn urn ntii7nneri nn tha bottom. If tho dealer cannot supply you. send direct to factory, enclosing advertised price. L. $3 SHOE FOR I CENTLEMEN. Fine CalC Heaw laced Grain and Creed- moor 'Waterproof. Best in tho world. Examine his 85.00 GENUINE HAKR-SEWED SHOE. 84.00 HAND-SEWED WELT SHOE. 83.50 POLICE AND FARMERS' SHOE. !i.O( J2ATICA VALUE VAl.f S11UE. 82.25 & S3 WORKINOMEN'S SHOES. 88.00 and 81.75 ltOYS' SCHOOL SHOES. All made In Congress, Button and Lace. $3 & $2 SHOES ls. 81.75 SHOE FOR MISSES. Best Material. Best Style. Best Fitting W. L. Douglas, Brockton, Mass. Sold by FOR SALE BY H. J. & G. M. Lang, Forty-tUtu, and Butler sts. J. X. Frohiner, 389 Fiftu ave. D. Carter, 73 Fifth are. E.' C. Bperber, 1320 Carson st. In Allegheny Citv. by Henry Ilosser, 103 Federal sc, and E. O. Hoilman, 72 Rebecca st. Jal4-66-irwr " irrmivnrp.-.iiti'inM Is the MOST ELEGANT TOSLET SOAP Of all Druggists, but betrare of imitations. tmmiM'msmm'szsm.i.mii'H hTEAMEKS ANDEXCUlWlOrt Tf7"lIlTK STAltLlMv FOK QUEENSTOWN AND LIVERPOOL. Hoval rd United States Mall Steamers. Majestic, Apt. 15, 3piuiMaJestlc, May 14.2pm Germanic, Apl23,8:30pui Germanic, May 21,7:30am Teutonic Api. 30. 2p ir. Teutonic. Ma2S,l2:.J0pm Britannic, May 7,7s30 a mlBrit.iiiii!cJune4,6:30 am From White Mar dock, loot of West Teeth st. Second cabin on these steamers. Saloon rates, and upward, becond cabin. 35 and upward, according to steamer and location oi berth. Ex cursion tickets on favorable terms, steerage. 120. White star dralts payable on demand In all the principal banks throuidiout Gre Britain. Ap ply to JOHN J. JlCC'OKMlCK, 630 and 401 Smlth flcld St.. 1'ittsburg, or J. HKliCE 1SMAY, Gen eral Agent, 41 Broadway, New York. Iel2-D STATE LINE To Glasgow, Belfast, Dublin and Liverpool. FROM NEW YORK EVERY THURSDAY. Cabin passage S33 to S3), according to locatloa oi state-oom. Excursion S&i to 190. btLerage to and Irom Europe at Lowest Rates. "htate of California" building. AUallN BAL.UW1N & CO., General Agent f Broadway, Mew York. J. J. McCORMICK. Agent. 659 and 401 Smilhfield St., Pittsburg, Pa. mhll-SOD ANCHOR LINE. Atlantic Express Service. LIVERPOOL via QUEENSTOWN. Steamship CITY OF ROME From New York.SAT U1UA, May3, May 31. JuneJS, July28 Saloon passage, J03 to 100; second class, J30. GLASGOW SERVICE. Steamers every Saturday from Sew York to GLASGOW and LONDONDERRY. Cabin passage to Glasgow. Londonderry or Liver pool. 50 and Oj. Second-class. 0. steerage passage, either service, CT. Saloon excursion tickets at reduced rates. Travelers' circular letters of credit and drafts for any amount Issued at lowest current rates. 1 or booksor tours, ticket' or further Information apply to IIENDEKSON BROTHERS. X. Y., or J.J. Mct'Oi:llOK.030and40ISmlt!ifleldst.:A.D. SCORERS SON. 415SmlthHeldst., l'lttsburg: W. SEMi'LE, Jr., 105 Federal St., Allegheny. liih-17-MWP NOUUDEUTSCHKR LLOYD S. is. CO. Established 1S57. Fast Line of Exprpis Steamers from NEW YORK for SOUTHAMP TON, LONDON and ilREMEN. The fine ste-uners SAALE. TRAVIS, ALLER. EIDER, EMS. FULDA, WERRA. ELBE andLAHNof 5 o00 tons and 6,000 to 8,600 horsepower, leaves NEW YORK on WEDNESDAYS and BAT URDAYS for SOUTHAMPTON and Bremen. TIME From NEW YORK to SOUTHAMP TON, 7V days. Fiom SOUTHAMPTON to BREMEN, 2iorS0 hours. From SOUTHAMP TON to LONDON, by Southwestern; Railway Co.,2j hoars. Trains every hour of the sum mer season. Railway carriaces for London await passengers Southampton Docks on arri val Express steamers from New York. These steamers are well-known for their speed, com fort, and excellent cnisine. ' OELRICHB 4 CO., 2 Bowline; Green, New York. MAXSCHAMBERO&Cot 27 Bmithtlcl.I .Ti-oof Ii 1 1 Ira 111 I J ill 1 1 11M DOUGLAS jaju-ffAJ KIW ADTZKTISE3IEKT& a EMPTY VESSEL! SOUND The above adage, which is as true as it is old, illustrates to a nicety the path pursued by certain notoriously high-price, small-fry furniture and carpet dealers. They go into ecstacies over imaginary bargains in trashy chamber suites, when KEECH sells scores of better suites every day at as low (if not lower) prices, without even as much as alluding to this fact in his advertisements. Extremely silly, indeed, are the statements of many of these dealers. Some claim to carry the largest assortment, when you could put their stock into one corner of- Keech's Mammoth Building. Others pretend to name the lowest prices, when Keech undersells them every hour in the day. Still others claim to do the largest business, when Keech actually sell more goods in a week than they sell in a month. But why go on No comparisons are needed. Everybody knows that Keech's is the leading CASH AND CREDIT Housefurnishing Emporium In Western Pennsylvania, and, we may add, never outdistanced all competition as completely as right now with its GRAND DISPLAY -Of- FURNITURE. FOR THE PARLOR A very large assortment of truly gorgeous suites, made according to the very latest fashions of furniture architecture. Abo a big variety of odd Parlor Chairs in quaint and unique styles. FOR THE CHAMBER Cherry Suites, Sixteenth Century Suites, Antique Oak Suites, Mahogany Suites, Walnut Suites, etc., in all the prevailing and popular makes and styles. FOR THE DINING ROOM. Our assortment of Dining Room Furniture is complete in every resp ect. Our stock of Sideboards in Sixteenth Century and Antique Oak, Cherry, Mahogany, etc., is certainly the most elegant and expensive ever shown here. The same can be truthfully said of our stock of exten- siontables and dining room chairs. A GIGANTIC STOCK OF CARPETS Will greet your vision on entering Keech's Mammoth Carpet Room. The entire carpet world is here represented. Body and Tapestry Brussels of every kind and description; Moquettes, Gobelins, Velvets, etc., in all the latest and most artistic effects; Ingrains, Oil Cloths and Mattings in an almost endless variety. A MARVELOUS CURTA In Chenille, Turcoman, Brocatelle, Plain and Crushed Plush, etc., in shades to harmonize with our ne designs of Carpets. In Lace Curtains we have all the novelties in IrislPoint, Brussel's Point, Nottingham Colberts, Muslin Renaissance, Egyptian, etc The most complete stock in the city. Queensware, Tinware, Woodeiiware, Refrigerators, Stoves, Ranges. A full assortment of the best makes at bottom prices. LADIES' SPRIXG WRAPS! A complete variety at KEECH GASH AND GEEDIT HOUSE, 923 and 925 Penn Ave., ZNe,-r Tr-i -T-i Tr, .-t-.-r,-4- v1..l LOUDEST" ASSORTMENT OF MEN'S SPRING CLOTHING! reasonable figures. 3 S agents ior 1 ItUDUTZ. I ' w - w - 1 muu-awr ammnmmimMBmEn4asmt , ,, wn n- BMtJtBWBBHlitiiiileWMtBiWalBBLttltiitt
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers