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HIIDEB OTHER SKiES.I
How Christmas is Otsorred
in Strange lands.
XMA8 Itf LITTLE BUSSIA,
JoTial Celebration of the Day in
the Australian Bash,
; BPENDIJSG THE DAI ON SHIPBOARD,
ARE! the herald
angels sing,
Glory to the new
born King.
Even the remot
est of Bussian Til
lages assumes a
cheerful appear
ance at the ap
proach of Christmas. The huts and sheds
are whitewashed and things about the
"door," in general, indicate that the hard
working peasant woman has her hands full
for some time.
. The celebration of this great holiday is
observed by the Bussian peasantry in a
manner that charms the eye and inspires
Xtsuxian Peasant Singing Christmas JBjnru.
the sonL The broad "Busaikaia native,"
(or Bussian nature), of which every true
Bussian is proud, shows itself upon such
occasions in all its-charming simplicity. I
shall never forget my peasant friend Gordei
and bis kind-hearted family, nor will the
sweet traditional kntia (a dish prepared of
barley gritz and boney) to which I was
treated in his bouse on a Christmas Eve,
ever escape my memory. Gordei is one ot
those little Bussians who are proud to trace
their ancestry to the Zaporag Cossacks; he
is one of those few whom nature endows oc
casionally with the power ot viewing things
in their proper light, and who, because of
this gift of nature, are generally better
situated in life than thousands of other
peasants.
Although it was an exceptionally cold
night, the little Tillage church was never
theless crowded to its utmost capacity with
men, women and children, with rosy
cheeked, handsome looking dicokas (maid
ens) and gallant paroboks (young men).
All were attired in their newest clothes
men wearing sheepskin hats and gray coats,
while red-top boots and bright-fringed
shawls, with plenty of namista, or beads,
seemed to be the leading fashion with the
women. The church, though crowded, pre
sented a very impressive sight, and the old
parson, though half blind and perfectly
'deaf, spoke with all the ardor of a youthful
soul. As the sermon advanced, the inter
est of the audience became greater and
greater, and when the parson announced
the presence of the new-born child, all
bowed their heads and crossed themselves
in a most ardent manner. It was nearly 10
when the sermon was over. All departed
for their homes, where the traditional kntia
and many other good things awaited them.
A BUSSIAX FEAST.
It was on that Christmas Eve that I
.availed myself of Gordei's invitation. The
first thing that attracted my attention upon
crossing nis inresnoia was tne perfect clean
liness and cheerful appearance of the room.
pv
A Christmas Dinner on Board Ship.
The whitewashed walls were adorned with
various-sired wheat crosses, while neatlittle
"sheaves of barley and oats were tastefully
arranged about the ikons and the image
case; the floor was newly sanded, and the
prominent red-bordered oyen the only or
nament to be seen in a peasant's hut
showed that the hostess spared no pains to
make it appear at its best. The bulky
trunk, which serves also as a table, was
covered with spotless coarse linen cloth of
domestlo mannlacture, A large ryeloarof
bread and a wooden dish fall of salt, which
is the Bussian symbol of hospitality were
soon put upon the trunk-table.
Turning to the ikons, the head of the lam
ily, followed bv the rest of the
members, offered a most fervent
praver, supplicating the Almighty
that his corn In the field yfeld him a good
return, that Ills cattle, his pigs and bis
fowls be disturbed by no calamity, that per
fect harmony, contentment and peace reign
injhU house, That the prayer was very af
fective' was evidenced by the heavy tears
that rolled down Mrs. Gordei's cheeks. ,
nrwrrur ron tjt sisiatcs.1
mm- f ) V i Fv
Ki litfi';'' i
Br? I vv 7 H'
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wr 7 I' '""g
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Prayer being over everybodv took his seat
at the table. A bottle of vodka was pro
cured and the customary "round treat," ac
companied by many good wishes, was made
by Gordei himself. Then followed the sup
per. The boestch, the kutia and the pirogi
that followed each other in rapid succession
were equally attractive and delicious. In
spite of my assurances that I was doing jus
tice to the supper, I was continually urged
by both Gordei and his wife "not to stand
on ceremony," and to help myself.
"There is plenty more in the
pot." uttered Mrs. Gordei in a tone
which was evidently calculated to
disperse my fears as to the supply. I as
sured her that I was well aware of the fact
And heie I can scarcely refrain lrom adding
that the kina-he&rted simplicity of the Bus
sian peasantry is assuredly the most amus
ing as well as attractive feat me ot their
character. "Whoever has happened to be
among them know what it is to refuse their
klieb-dii,or hospitality. A greater Insult
than this there is none.
The night, though bitterly cold, was most
magnificent. The bright moon centered in
a cloudless sky, and surrounded by myriads
ot stars, shed its soft light opon the vast
white plain that extended far, far into the
boundless distance. A grander picture than
a bright Christmas night in a Bussian vil
lage is indeed hard to imagine. It seemed
to me us though nature itself joined in the
celebration of the greatest of Christian
holidays.
THE CABOL SINOEES.
While I was strolling about the little
streets, accompanied by Gordei's son, my
attention wa attracted by a crowd of para
boks and dicokas, gathered in front of a
little hut Upon approaching the crowd I
beheld a young man of 20, evidently the
leader of the circle, step, forward and in a
neat little speech explain to the occupants
of the hut the obiect of their call. "We
wish to gladden your souls, good people,"
he said. "We wish to sing to you of the
wonders of Christ, our Xiord, who dwells
among you. "We wish to impr " Here
the mere Christmas song began, and the
words of the improvised orator could he
heard no more. It was the koliedooka, or
the Christmas carol. It is customary among
the young peasantry of Little Bussiato go
out on a Christmas'Eve on a koliedooka."
This habit is strictly observed. As loon as
church is over the yonng dicokas, as well as
paraboks, assemble when parties of eight or
ten arc made up. After each party selects
a certain section of the village for their
koliedooka they ail start out. The kolie
dooka is sung in the following manner.
Placing themselves in front of a gate or a
window, or, as it often happens, entering a
hut, they begin in a cheerful and ringing
voice.
Jesna is "With us, good people!
His holy spirit rests with us
Hallelujah!
Forever be generous, good people,
. Td the poor and crippled
Hallelujah!
Forever be generous, good people
And don't forget us, who come to cheer your
souls with this holy song ot Jesus, oar Lord.
These last words, which are spoken and
not snng, are intended for the khozaika, or
hostess, who cheerfully presents the singers
with whatever she can afford. Fresh-baked
rye bread, a sausage, a few eggs or a piece
of pork generally constitutes the refection.
Any such fare is cheerfully accepted by the
singing party, who, after depositing it in their
Christmas bag, carried by one of them over
the shoulder, and thanking the hostess for her
generosity, start out for the next izba or hut,
where the same ceremony is repeated. It
draws toward midnight by the time they get
through with their koliedooka. This cus
tom of koliedooka on Christmas Eve, traces
its origin to the close of the seventeenth
and the beginning ot the eighteenth century,
when the Kozachestoo, or tribe of Cossacks,
all along the shores of the Dnieper and Don
were in their prime. 13. S." Skidelskt.
A CflBISTJBAS BCENB Df EOHE.
In Honer of tfek'CMId Cbri.t.
rwaiTTix rok itei dispatch.!
A pretty custom Is observed every Christ
mas Day in the Church of Ara Coeli in
Borne. In one of the side chapels is con
structed a little carpet-covered platform,
some five feet above the ground. Bound
about this is a considerable gathering of
people, with numbers, or children; they are
listening to a little girt perhaps 6 years old.
who is reciting a long piece of poetry,
cv?..
The Stately Minuet at an Olden Tule-Tldc
Party.
Wonderful to watch and hear this little
creature! By no conceivable trainingcould
an English child of this ago be taught so to
deliver verses with such delightful self
possession, snch clearness of delivery, such
amusing precocity of gesture. The piece
she is speaking is simply the pretty story
of the events at Bethlehem; it is
written in rhyming couplets, and in
the measure of "Hiawatha," How dis
tinctly at this moment I can hear the
child's voice! Not in the least strained, yet
perfectly audible to all the listeners; the
sweet Italian words, made yet sweeter upon
the baby lips, falling like the music of a
summer streamlet Upon every face there
was a smile, but a good, kind smiley- which
one is the happier and better for seeing.
And at the end of the piece of poetry came
a prayer, still in the same verse, addressed
to the Bambino Bantlssimo; the child knelt
when the began it, and put her hands to
gether, and fixed her eyes upon-tbe wooden
image with its crown and its jewels. The
prayer finished, she sprang np at once,
made a curtesy to the audience, and by
friendly bands was Jifted down from the
platform. A murmur of approbation, of
affectionate applause, went through the
crowd. The women looked at each other
and laughed quietly, and .seemed proud of
the child's success.
The reciters were nearly all girls, and
seldom much more than 9 years old. For
the most part, an astonishing self-confidence
was exhibited. And the word must be un
derstood in its best sense. The children
simply behaved as though none but a few
of those they knew and loved were present;
they enjoyed speaking their pieces, and in
some instances were very ready to give them
a second time in which case, by-tbe-by,
one observed bow careful had been their in
struction, every tone and gesture being ex
actly the same as in the first delivery.
It appealed strongly to one's humanitv,
this spectacle of children addressing a child;
easy to see that the father and mothers
present were moved by jaetthU aspect ot
the observance. It is eertaln that these
little Bow MJtlggM will epw up with a
S-SSfesT
fl rail
Jrt
memoir and an association in their hearts
which can scarcely be fruitful of anything.
but pure thoughts and gentle pieties.
Geobgb GlSSING.
IULETIDS ON THE INDIAN OCEAN.
The Captain's Toast to the Memory of Onr
Absent Friends.
IWlllTTjm 70S TUB DI8PATCH.1
"The merry, merry time, the merry, merry
time;
How's the merry, merry Christmas time."
Sang a deep voiced Quartermaster of the
Peninsular and Oriental steamship Kanda
har, In an undertone as he swung himself
up the accommodation ladder to take his
trick at the helm. One day is as another on
board ship, and we had unconsciously been
overtaken by Yuletide while in the middle
of the Indian Ocean on our homeward trip
from Calcutta. The stillness was broken
only by the slight wash astern and the
scarce-beard throb of the motive power deep
in the framework of the ship. Not a ripple
broke oyer theblue expanse of water that
.reached away to merge with the sky, and
overhead the sun-god poured down his heat
rays with vindictive energy through the
double awning that enshrounded the decks.
It was one of the few occasions when Jack
has two Sundays in the week. The Lascar
crew had cleaned up overnight, and, in the
morning watch, having holly -stoned
the deck, were now relieved from all
work for the day. They passed the time on
the forecastle deck, some at their devotions
and others, squatted in groups, were talking
35 to the dozen, and obtaining such enjoy
ment from their surroundings as only their
wild mannered race can.
And now from the spacious musio room
the sweet and solemn notes of the odesta
fidelis swell upon the still air as the familiar
hymn is sung by the choir to the organ
accompaniment and taken up by the pas
sengers assembled in the saloon below.
A Pleasant Chrislmat Party.
There
the captain, a veteran
of
many rongh trips, stands by a
table covered with the Union Jack
and, prayerbook in hand, prepares to sol
emnize the day with appropriate prayer,
when the purser at his side has read the
lessons. No one there but is carried in spirit
to the side of his wife or sweetheart, sister or
mother, as the soft notes of the old hymn
rise and fall, recalling the occasion of happy
family gatherings and drawing from the
heart an earnest prayer for their happiness
and Welfare. '
.Ihe.resiof the day i .spent in the doles
far niente of -intermittent and reminiscent
conversation on deck until the dinner gong
summons the wayfarers to their Christmas
feast At this the proverbial baron of beet
and plnm pudding play their respective
parts, and toward the close the "Old man,"
as the captain is fondly called, makes a
brief address, in which be wishes his pas
sengers on this occasion his guests the
customary compliments. He asks bis
guests to pledge iim in one toast, and in
silence they respond to the sentiment of
"Our absent friends." Kellt.
CHRISTMAS IN THE ANTIPODES.
How the Day Is Celebrated Under Anstrn.
Ila's Mldmmruer San.
rwiUTTEX FOB THE EISFATCH.1
Christmas at the antipodes. Christmas
in the Australian bush, with the midsum
mer sun shedding its rays with a 120
degree intensity out the axure of the typical.
Australian sky, smiling o'er the wide fields
of golden grain, and making appear as so
many snow-hillocks the browsing flocks of
newly-washed sheep this, the only sug
gestion of snow to be found in all this wide
territory. The bullock drav, with its load
of supplies, is motionless by the road
side, its outspanned team of hardy bullocks
seek shelter from the growing heat in the
mimosa and fern-tree shaded gully be
yond: the busy bum of the reaper is silenced
for the npee; the very wallaby and cocka
toos Beem to know the day; even the iguana
and spake keep out of the way, and an air
of quietude, repose and peace prevails over
all; for it is Christmas morn.
And now the little timber-built church
on the hill begins to fill. The settlers and
their women folk the latter gaily attired
as befitting the day congregate within its
precinct, exchanging, as they enter, the
old time salutation and a hearty grip of the
hand. The squatter and trader, station
hand and farmer, all assemblo
to unite in pious thanksgiving for
favors received, and join with the preacher
in his fervent desire for "Peace and good
will to all men." Service over, relaxation
begins. A couple of elevens are chosen for
the national game of cricket; the old folk
gather around and exchange reminiscences
of past feats of prowess with bat and .ball;
the noorday sun has no terrors for the girls,
as accompanied by their cavaliers, they
scamper across the extensive paddocks on
their fleet ponies in a friendly race, and a
score of stockmen are quickly mounted and,
followed by their lithe-limbed hounds, are
off in pursuit of the leaping long-tails.
And what a merry party it is that latec
on assembles around the selectors hospitable
board to discuss the freshly killed mutton
and savory dough-boys, the barbecue
and fritters, and create a diversion among
the fruit and pies of all kinds, not forget
ting ins -oiq jbngiisa pium puaamg,' which
is at length brought in as a crown to the
feast, encircled in flames of glory. Flagons
of colonial ale from a keg in the corner have
raised the spirits of the company, and when
later an adjournment is made to the wood
shed, invited thither by the lively strains of
an extemporized band, consisting of a flute.
violin and accordion, it is with a determi
nation to dance it out until the "wee sma'
hours o the morn." The placid moon looks
down upon the merry groups out of her
faultless shrine above, and Is silent witness
of the fact that ft happy Christmas it has
been, indeed F.Jay Kate.
A SOAP BUBBLE OUTFIT.
A Novelty That Ma'y Sell WcllIn Fntnre
rolltical CatBpalzBf.
New Tork Bun.l
Somebody has invented a soap bubble out
fit It is put up in a neat box, and includes
a peculiar kind of pipe, made especially to
blow bubbles, a special brand of soap, war
ranted to beat the world for tenuity of film,
and other appliances for varying the monot
ony of plain, ordinary bubble blowing. It
is particularly .advertised that bubbles
blown with this outfit have in the sunlight
a remarkable exhibition of rainbow tints..
It is anticipated that there mav be a large
sale when the next 'political campaign gets
s, cv. v- WSSmi
Sf if,r.n5;' .
PITTSBURG-, SUNDAY,
ON CHINA'S FMTIEB.
The French Foreign legion and Jts
Methods of Pacification.
BLOWIHQ UP A TONGKIHG TOWH.
Punishing Chinese Members of Murdering
Expeditions,
THE PIRATES' HAUHT IN ALONG BAI
crsox otm T2Jt.vxx.iao coibnssioiraB.3
UFO B E
leaving Tong
king I was
lucky enough
to hare an
o p p ortunlty
of getting as
far astUbe ac
tual frontier
of. Tongklng
and China,
in the very
midst of the
pirates and
Chinese free
booters, where
fighting is
constantly on
hand and bloody outrages not yet uncom
mon. My friend, If. Bavier-Chauf-fonr,
the Managing Director of the Tongking
Coal Mining Company, jnost kindly offered
me the use of his launch, the "Fanny,"
a powerful and luxurious little vessel of
50 tons; and finally accompanied me
himself, with one of his lieutenants, Mr.
Ivatts,a man of huge build and fierce beard,
a much-traveled and charming companion,
and an intrepid raconteur. The trip was
one of the, greatest interest, and it is safe to
say that no Englishman, except Mr.-James
Hart, who helped to delimit the frontier,has
been near the spot before.
From Ha to a, where the coal miners are,
we steamed dne north along the coast, enter
ing at once the unique scenery of Along
Bay. For hours here we threaded our way
among rocks as thick as trees in an orchard
enormous, lowering hills a thousand feet
high, great holders hanging over sea-worn
caves, tall, trembling steeples, tiny wooded
rock islets, shimmering grottos, and an
infinite number of grotesque water-carved
forms the monk, the inkstand, the cap of
liberty? All the afternoon there was one of
these within gunshot on each side; on one
of them we shot an' eagle, on another a big
monkey. This is the pirates' haunt, and it
is, indeed, a glorious thing to be a pirate
king when you can run from your pursuer
into Along Bay and disappear Instantly at
any point
By the evening of the second day we
reached the mouth of the river separating
Tonking and China. It 'is a long row up
the river to the little frontier town of Mon
kay. This is or rather was a very pecu
liar place. It was built half on each side of
the little stream that forms the actual fron
tier. I believe the two halves had different
names, the Tonking one only being called
Monkay, but they were practically one
town. (The reason for using the past tense
will be plain presently.) The town had no
ftoor quarter; its streets were mathematically
aid out; its houses were all of brick and
atone, with richly carved and ornamented
lintels and eaves; their inhabitants were all
rlcbV 'Tn soraewayvor -other, this was the
outcome of the alliance of piracy and smug
gling. ;CHB FOBEIGN" LEGION'S EXPLOITS.
"When the French came they did not in
terfere with the town on their side of the
stream, bnt on the top ot a sugar-loaf hill
three-quarters of a mile back they began to
build a little fort, and under its gnns they
laid ont a "citadel," inside which to locate
the barracks, officers' Quarters, magazines.
etc. Among the first to be sent there was a
civilian official named Haitce. One day
while out with a small party they were at
tacked by a band of Chinese soldiers. They
fled, some were shot, some escaped, Haitce
only was captured. He was taken back to a
house in the principal street of the model
litte town" of Jlonkay, tied down upon a
table, and skinned alive.
Now, at this time the famous Colonel
Dugennewas in command of the Foreign
Legion in Tongking, Everybody knows
what the Foreign Legion is almost the
only force in the world where a sonnd man
is enlisted instantly without a question
being asked. No matter what your nation
ality, what your color, what your past, yotf
are welcome in the Foreign Legion,
A man may even desert from the regular
French army and re-enlist unquestioned, in
Dbis heterogeneous force. In return forthis
preliminary indulgence, however, you must
Hut up with many inconveniences the worst
climates, the hardest work, the front line of
'he attack, the toriorn hope, and the most
iron discipline. Once out of civilized parts,
and there is practically only one punish
ment in the Foreign Legion the punish
ment that can only be awarded once. To
keep such a body of men in order, this is
perhaps 'necessary, and the officers to enforce
it must be hard men men with .bodies of
steel and hearts of stone. And the hard
est of them all was Colonel Dugenne.
Some day I must tell the stories I heard of
his methods ot pacification in Tongking.
When the authorities heard of the outrage 1
have described, they understood that it was
no use to wipe it out with lose-water. So
they sentColonelDugenne and his children
He came and looked at the place. "Burn
it," said be. But it wouldn't burn, being
all brick and stone. "Blow it up," said
Colonel Dugenne. And they did they blew
the whole town literally to bits. Compared
with Monkay, Pompeii is in good preserva
tion. Ton need an alpenstock to get through
the streets. And the house where Haitce
was tortured is now a hole in the ground 20
feet deep. '
BEADY JOB A PIOHT.
You are not long in discovering that
Monkay is not like other places. As we
were rowng op, big red pheasant was
sitting 1n a tree not 20 yards away. I picked
up my rifle to try and shoot its head off, at
we do with partridges in the Maine woods,
"Don't fire here," said Ivatts, quickly; "the
people at the fort would think there was
trouble, and probably turn out alot of men."
The Resident, M. Bnstant, walked down to
meet us and take us to the Besidenoy. This
proved to be an old temple, or pagode. as the
French call all native buildings, divided
into rooms by board partitions, and very
meagrely provided -with modern furniture.
Ontside a six-loot moat was dug, and lined
with spikes of bamboo so thickly that a hen
could hardly walk about in it On
each side of the moat was a
stockade bnilt of heavy bamboo eight
teet high and sharpened to a spike
at the top. At each corner a lookout was
built of sods and bamboo, in which a sentry
stood always with a loaded rifle. The front
of the Besidenoy faced the river, where a
little gunboat layat anchor. The back of
it looked toward the frontier, and therefore,
the back entrance, with the kitchen and of
fices, -was farther protected with thick walls
of sods, to guard against the bullets fired at
it from long range. The Besident's guard
consists of 120 native militia, under two
European officers. Bnt at night as we sat
at dinner in the cold, bare, cob-webbed, bat
tenanted central hall of the former temple,
the door was pushed noisily open and a
night-guard oil3 men and a Sergeant of
the Foreign, Legion tramped past our
chairs to an aate-rooBa axd grounded their
arms with a crash on the stone floor. At
aidant we wjjwsgtd. Jjytk sa$.
JPWr
DEOBMBBB 22, 1889.
tramp and crash as the guard was changed.
And there is no "show-pidgin" about this.
All these men and their ball
cartridges may be needed at any minute.
Next morning we went to pay our respects
to the commanding officer, and look round.
First we climbed up to the fortin on the top
of the sugar-loaf hill, where there are half a
dozen light guns and a small force oi French
artillerymen, and into which no native is
ever permitted to set foot The frontier
river winds along like a silver thread three
qnarters of a mile of; the citadel is just be
low, and the halt-dozen houses of the foreign
Population; and through a glass you can see
the Chinese gnns and soldiers in their own
,fort, on a similar hill, a couple of miles off,
or less. All these guns, of course, are
trained straight at one another. And over
the bills you can see the telegraph wire con
necting the furthest extremities of the Chi
nese Empire, stretching down into the town
a' solid and prosperous-looking little
place, like Monkay on this side before
Colonel Dugenne blew it up. The French
have no telegraph, but a line of heliograph
to within a lew miles of Haiphong, only al
lowed to be used (or official messages. In
deed, there is nobody else to use it, although
the Besident was kind enough to allow me
to receive a private message from Hong
n-ong by its aid,.
PLEASANT NE1OHB0E3.
Then we .walked, always with an es
cort, through the ruins of the town down to
tbe river. As we entered the street the
quick eye of the commandant caught sight
of new marks on a blank brick wall.
Climbing into the inside we discovered that
somebody from across the frontier had come,
probably during tbe preceding night, and
actually loop-holed the wall for rifles, so
that they could steal across the next moon
light night and pick off the sentries at the
fort I From the arrangements made then
and there, I iancy those gentry would get a
reception to surprise them. The river which
constitutes the actual frontier is only about
10 yards wide, and can be forded at low
tide. On tbe French side the bank
is high, while the Chinese town is
built almost down to the water's edge. As
soon as we were seen on the opposite bank
the Chinese soldiery came down to the river
in crowds, in their bright vellow and red
jackets, to stare at us, and when I set up
my camera they evidently became rather
nervous, thinking it a new engine of war.
Indeed, the Commandant said: "Don't stay
any longer than is necessary; it's just possi
ble they might take a pot-shot at us."
Across this river, ot coarse, not a soul vent
ures; If a Frenchman should try, his head
wouid.be off his shoulders, or worse, in five
minntes. With a good deal of difficulty I
bribed a Chinaman to take a telegram across,
addressed to Sir Bobert Hart, in Pekio, but
they refused to dispatch it, and sent itback.
In fact, the relations between the Ifynch
and Chinese are just about as "strained" as
they can possibly be.
The commandment pointed out to me a
small cleared and leveled spot on the top of
a hillock, and told me its gruesome story.
Two months before my visit a blockhouse
had stood there, garrisoned by a sergeant
and six French soldiers and eight native
regulars. One night the people at the fort
suddenly heard rapid firing, and shortly,
aiterward the blockhouse burst into flames.
The night was. pitch dark, and it was no
good for them to move out to tho rescue, as
they did not know that there were not a
thonsand Chinese, and. as the blockhouse
was burning, their comrades had feither es
caped or been killed. At daylight they
marched down and fonnd the eight natives
and five Europeans dead, the sergeant
nearness and horribly mntilated, and one
European missing evidently carried off
into China, as he was never heard of again.
A dkOBT SHBXET FOB JOBS'.
No wonder that a Chinaman who falls
into French bands here gets a Yery short
shrilt generally about as long as it takes to
pull a trigger. In fact, I believe any China
jnaa&tfMoakay at night is shot on sight
The. Chinese who come across on these mur
dering expeditions are--not pirates at all, or
"black, flags," oh dacoits, or anything, of
that kind; they are Chinese regulars, who
leave their yellow jackets behind and re
sume them on their return. And, of course,
if the practice were not encouraged, or at
least winked at, by the Chinese officials, it
could not go on.
The native troops are not very smart sol
diers, bnt they take kindly to the loose
French discipline, end on several occasions
they have fought very well indeed. Their
dress consists of dark bine cotton knicker
bockers and jacket, a little pointed bamboo
hat, and a sash. They wear no shoes; and
the only difference between the militia or
civil guards and the regulars is that the sash
and hat ot the former are blue and of
the tlatter red. At Monkay the' total
strength is about 760 men 350 Eu
ropeans and 400 natives not nearly
enough, the Commandant complained
bitterly. Once as I stood with him in the
fort he showed .me a valley miles off, and
said: "There are 500 pirates over there. The
day after to-morrow I am going out to say
'Bonjour to them." And two days after I
got back to Hong Kong, I read in the news
paper that he had 'made bis expedition, the
Chinese had attacked his camp- during the
night, and that he had been the first man
shot. "Don't forget to send me some of
your photographs," he had said to me at the
same time; "they will be very dramatic."
Henbt Nobsias-.
HIS JOB BO BWEOUEE.
A Groom Tell of tho llardhlp Ho Suffered
In a Baroness Service.
London Globe.
An extraordinary case has just come be
fore the court in Vienna, when a groom, in
the service of Baroness Stahlberg, brought
an action against his mistress for damages as
compensation for injuries received in her
stabies, which he described as a "paradise
for horses and abell formen." The Baroness,
the man stated, entered the stables at noon
and stayed there till early the next morn
ing. During the time she was there she fed
the animals with sugar and cakes, and
encouraged them to kick and bite tbe
grooms, whom she kept in constant attend
ance upon them, often keeping them up all
night to wash and feed the horses.
"When I was badly bitten by the horse
Mamsi," the plaintiff stated, in giving his
evidence, "the Baroness laughed heartilj,
and told me to kneel down and bind np her
hoofs. This I declined to do, saying I
would sooner attend on a dozen foxes than
Mamsi, and the Baroness said that she would
dismiss me from her service for insulting her
norse.
Tbe case was adjourned, as sever:
grooms and stablemen of the Baroi
appeared at tne conn to lay compj
injuries, ay bites and kicks, recei
stables of the Baroness Btnbiberg.
EUSfllKG THE SEASON.
Poets nnd Drummer Selling; Spriest Goods
In Winter. '
Et. Louis Globe-Democrat.
I have heard that the writers of poetry for
the magazines work out of season, as it
were. It is during the sweltering days of
midsummer that, with his eyes in fine frenzy
rolling, the poets write of jingling sleigh
bells, driving snow, whistling winds' and
merry Kriss Kringle. and it is in the
warmth of bis study, before a blazing-fire,
that be sings his lav of violets, gentle
zephyrs and blushing roses. The publish-
era must have their spring and winter poetry;.
in stocjc, i know that this is tne case in thy
hat business.
It is now that the drummer from the man
ufacturer comes in to show the spring styles,
and assnre us that there will be a revival of
pearl derbys with a tendency toward
smaller proportions next April .and May.
It will be in tbe latter part ot January that
tbe drummer in his fur coat will come in,
kick the snow from his feet, and open up
his sample of nobby straw hats. This
same previoBtntes exist is the boat asd
isrrmer
3s also
rntstor
red in the
shMclotkJof. ftsd doofeJradM,
THE ABT OF ETCM&
IsT Explained te aa Inquisitive Jfaa
by Well-Knows Paiiter.
TALUE OF AH ARTIsrs REMARQUE.
Sins of Omission and Commission
mltted by Copyist.
Cam-
THE PBQOESSTEBI FULLI' DESCRIBED
ivy junta von tux uxsr-iTCK.
Y tbe way,"
observed the
inquisitive
man, as he
lounged i n
the embraces
of a-rocking
chair; "by
the way, Mr.
Eeattie, bow
do you make
etchings?"
Mr. J. W.
Beattie ceas
ed varnishing
bis latest
' landscape,
and looked suspiciously at the questioner.
"Is that a bona fide, query," he said, "or
are you merely getting off one of your
piquant newspaper jokes on me? Don't you
really know how etchings are made?"
An expression of injured innocence dis
tributed itself over the features of the in
quiring one. "Nothing about McGinty
was intended, I assure you," he exclaimed
"I am honestly ignorant on tbe subject of
etchings." -
The artist laid aside bis varnishing para
phernalia, and good-humoredly promised to
enlighten his visitor. In a few minutes all
the articles required for the forthcoming
object lesson were laid upon the studio
table. jMr. Beattie first, produced the proof
of an etching from his well-known picture
"Beturning to Labor." It was an "artist's
remarque etching;" in other words, the
painter bad reproduced his own picture,
affixing his signature and a "remarque," or
little device appropriate to the subject In
the case of the etching from "Beturning to
Labor," the remarque used by Mr. Beattie
was a plow.
"The artist's own etchings," said Mr.
Beattie, "are considered far more valuable
Wfc
io
...' .
An Etching fn Thrte Stages First Stage.
than those of other men. You see, an artist
can always reproduce the spirit of his own
painting. There are two kinds of copyists
the mere -mechanical workman, who can
not, or who does not attempt to, enter into
the life and '.feeling of the picture, and the
really appreciative workman-, who nearly
always overdoes the qualities which he ad
mires. One class sin by omission the
other by commissions. That is why the
artist's remarque plates are so highly
thought of."
, A CHAHCE TOR OBIGnTAMTT.
"Etching, then, leaves room- for original
wtok?" asked the inquirer.
"Yes," Mr. Beattie answered; "that is
why etching is so far superior, as an art, to
enTrarincr. Yon will see that more clearly
later on." .
A copper etching plate was then prodOA
from its protecting envelope. These plt.s
are manufactured by a New York house, and
are on every size, xne large ones are very
dear, costing from 20 to $25 per plate. This
is owing to the extraordinary amount
of care which is .bestowed upou
their preparation. Tbe plate must
be as perfectly smooth and as perfectly
level as it is possible for matter to be To
attain this degree of excellence every por
tion of the surface is tested. The instant
the least roughness or unevenness is discov
ered means are taken to remedy the defect.
The plate is punched upon the reverse side,
opposite to the laulty spot, and this side is
generally found punctured all over with
Second Stage.
small holes caused by tbe various nnnoh-
ings. When the- plate is at last finished
the obverse side is covered with wax to pre
, serve it lrom injury, and tbe object of so
'much labor is mailed to the etcher.
"When I get the plate," said-Mr. Beattie,
1 warm it thoroughly and clean off the
wax with whiting, so that not aingle parti
cle adheres to tha surface. 1 then heat some
more wsx and, wrapping it in silk, rub it
all over the plate. Next, taking a dab-ber-
-"
"Is this a dabber that I see before me?"
asked tbe inquisitive man, pointing in a
aelodramatio manner to an objeet resem
bling a lady's powder puffin shapes and
apparently constructed of blaok silk.
"Yes, that's a dabber," aaid the artist,
"and it is used to dab the wax on the plate,
thus spreading it evenly in all directions and
removing the surplus layers. When this is
accomplished I can begin ray etching as
soon as I please."
Mr. Seattle then took four or five .etching
needle from drawer. They were of steel,
about four inches long, and ia taiokness
similar te those daiaty padl which hang
froBtthe dance frcfranaM of ballrooiq J
sylphs. The polnta of the needles are of
various degree of sharpness to su(t tbe
variety oi lines to be etched.
IX BfiEM3 EASY.
A fev lines were then worked1 in'upon the
waxru plate by the artist, and the inquisi
tive man was permitted to try his hand at
the business. A stroke or two was suffi
cient to convince him of the great advantage
of etching over all kinds of engraving.
The ease with which the needle
skimmed over the surface, was as superior
to the laborious plowing of the graver, as
skates upon a stretch oi ice are to their roller
brethren on a sidewalk. In fact, as far as
ease in execution is concerned, Mr. Beattie
declares that the needle, as a sketching me
dium, Jeaves even tbe pencil far behind.
"We are able to get in thefree, flowing lines
of the original," continued the artist, "with
a delicacy which the engraver cannot even
approach. Of coarse etching is a
much more difficult art than engrav
ing. Only a very practiced hand can
etch decently. If you' were to attempt
The Etching Completed.
to reproduce in lines any part of that paint
ing on the easel, you wonld speedily lose
command of yonr needle. Before you knew
where you were the needle wonld career
across the plate and utterly ruin the etch
ing. In fact any slips, or rather mistake,
can never be completely remedied; Of
course the runaway lines can be covered
over with wax, but this will make the proofs
horribly clumsy. Bo much for the etching
process; now I shall tell you about the
'biting' process."
From a picturesque pile of odds and ends,
only to be found in the stndio, a Kind of
tray or dish of tin was selected.
The inside of the tray was smeared with
pitch an idea oi Mr. Beattie's the nsual
"biting" dish beihg of porcelain. "When
I have got my etching worked in," Mr.
Beattie went on, "I fill this tray with nitrio
acid, diluted with water. Into this bath I
dip the plate. The acid gets into the lines,
where the needles have removed the wax,
and bites the metal. It will bite clean
through if permitted, and as some lines in
the picture want to be deep and some light
the amount of biting has to be carefully
regulated.
BITIHG IS TBS PICTOEE.
"This is how' it is managed. ' The whole
date is dinned in. and allowed to remain
immersed for a few minutes, That will.
give the acid time to, bite in all tb anient
lines,- such as those representing the sky.
The'plate'is then taken out, and these light
lines carefully "stopped out" with stopping
varnish, which process protects them from
tne acid, m goes tbe plate again lor an
other few minutes, and this time the un
stopped liner are bitten a little deeper.
When the etching comes out after its second
dip the set of lines next in order of lightness
are stopped off; and the process is repeated
again and again, till every line has been
bitten to the reqnired depth.
It generally takes about 12 dips to finish
tbe job. There is another method of 'bit
ing in' the lines, which-Is tbe inverse of
the one I have explained. This is to draw
the heavy lines only at first, and calculat
ing how "much time they will take to get
them burned in and 'stopped ont,' with
varnish before the next heavy lines are
drawn. This latter method has one great
advantage. After the last biting you can
cross over the heavy lines by light lines, a
thing impassible by the other plan. A
feather is used during the biting process, to
brush awav the bubbles of acid. These bub
bles often blur the plate if not kept in order.
"When the biting is completed, the etch
er s work goes to the printer, and the test
proof of the etching is produced. If the
proof be faulty, the etching has to be re
bitten, and this is a very Irksome task.
When a satisfactory proof is produced, the
artist signs the plate and affixes the 're
marque.' There you have- the whole truth
about etchings."
With a sigh of relief Mr. Beattie fell back
in his chair and proceeded to light a cigar.
The inquisitive man expressed himself
highly satisfied with the information, so
lucidly conveyed, and in a few moments the
.studio was enveloped in tobacco smotce, and
enshrouded in silence. Bbexax.
DEADLY TOBACCO FDHB3.
Meat That I Exposed to tbe Smoke Fonnd t
be a Bank Poison.
Cases of poisoning dne to meat which
f seemed thoroughly wholesome have some
times occurred and have remained unex
plained. In tbe Sevue d'Hygient of this
month M. Bonnier, Inspector of Meat for
the town ot .raris, manes a sug-4
ments with meat impregnated with to
bacco smoke. Some tbin slices of beef
were exposed for a considerable time to the
lumes of tobacco, and afterwards offered to
a-dog which had been deprived of food for
42 hours. The dog, after smelling the meat,
refused to eat it. Some of 'the meat was
then cut into small pieces and concealed '
within bread. This the dog ate witbavidity,
but in 20 minutes commenced to display the
most distressing symptoms, and soon died in
great agony.
All sorts of meat, both rawand cooked, tone
grilled, roasted, and boiled, were exposed in
tobacco smoke and then given to animals,
and in all cases produced symptoms of acute
poisoning. Even the process of boiling
could not extract from tbe meat the nicotine
poison. Grease and similar substances have
facilities of absorption in proportion with
their fineness and fluidity. Fresh killed
meat is more readily impregnated, and
stands in order of susceptibility as follows
pork, veal, rabbit, poultiy, beet, mutton,
horse.
DANGERS FEOM CHL0E0F0BX,
Conolasloo Based on Ibe Result of Nomsr-
ona Intareitlog- Experiments.
Glasgow Stall.
The following telegram from Mr. Lander
Brunton, at Hyderabad, was received yes
dav bv the Lancet: '"Four hundred and
ninety dogs, horses, monkeys, goats, eats
n vaMtfta TKAfl 190 with mtnnn,pf all
records photographed: numerous observa
tions on every individual animal; results
most instructive; danger from chloroform is
asphyxia or overdose; none whatever heart
direct."
These results, 'ays the Lanctt, apparently
indicate snob a complete reversal oi the view
held by Dr. Brunton at tha time he left En
glaBd.thaJ one of the dangers resulting from
chloroform is death by stoppage of tbi
hWt, that detail rfthe expr1aaTaUwillbe f
awaited with the greatest interest.
OUB CHRISTMAS MENU
Contributed by the leading ladies of
' tbe Administration.
THE PRESIDEHI'S XHAS ))I55IRs f
1
Its, Han-lion's Autograph Eeeips
EaHsaga Bolls. I
DAIHTIBS FOE
icoaazsroxszscx or nu dispatcs. .
ASHI-JOT03T,'''?
DeoemberSO. :
Tha lM(Hnvl5u:
dies of Wasblnir.1' J4
ton have been
called upon to
furnish a special
dinner for yonr
readers, Tb ey
have responded,
nobly, and from
fm President to tba J
ijjj leading society
cooks or tne con
gressional circles,
have with their
own- bauds writ
ten out recipes tor Christmas dishes which,
their own kitchens have proved good. Tbe
dishes they recommend are not expensive
and the dainties here described are all
within the limit of a family having an in
come of $1,200 a year or less.
Tbe Christmas dinner of the President
and his Cabinet will be like yours. They
will have their turkey and their plum pud
ding, and at tbe White House the menu
which has been written out for you by the
President's cook will be as follows:
MEHTJ.
Bine Point oysters, half-shell.
Soup.
Consomme royal.
Entree.
Boncbes a la Reins.
Boast.
Turkey, cranberry jelly.
- Potatoes duchesse. Stewed celery.
Terrapin a la Maryland.
Lettuce salad, plain dressing. ' ' ''
Sweets.
Mince pie. American plum pudding.
Dessert. - - -
Ice cream. Tutti f rnttL . ' '
Lady fingers. Maccaroons. Carlsbad waxersv
Fruits.
Apples. Florida oranges.
Bananas. Grapes. Pears.
Black coffee.
The Cabinet officials will eat nearly tha
same, only Secretary Busk will have to
omit the mince pie, for that robust, genial
gentleman bas the dyspepsia.
Vice President and Mrs. Morton tell met
that their Christmas dinner will not include)
much more than tnrkey and plum pudding.
"It is children's day with us," said Mrs;
Morton, "and we have a simple menu. We
have few relatives to invite, and we give the
day and the dinner to our five daughters."
MBS. HARBISON'S SAUSAGE BOLLS.
I begin my recipes with one from tha
White House. Mrs. President Harrison,
has kindly written out directions lor '
making delicious sausage rolls. Mrs. Har
rison's recipe is on a sheet of White House
paper of tbe size of an ordinary business
envelope. It is written in her own' hand
and it la as follows: ' fc?"
.KfCWTtvC
'".-
-',n'.iioi, f' ".
v- j& Jir.
-,( ,c,
f& JuC CI fr-- qf-'-O
fo-r- ec Aej . 4. .. -ve-i
0 ,
- fci-X(uusJl
UBS. XOBLX'S CHICXEX SATJCS.
Mrs. Secretary Noble has a brown book
with crinkly yellow leaves. She guards'-it 'I
carefully, for'it retains the recipes garnered f
in zo years. She has copied them all her
self and here is her favorite and the" Secret ''
tarv's. -- .
It bas driven epicures to whom she ha '.
served it to rise and exclaim, ''With sues
sauce one might eat one's grandfather!"
"Sauce for nheasants. roast nnail era
W, i
"V
nnttfl A- MVn iVit. 1atA .nil f.MA -3
are the directions: We whisper in confidence
do housewives that water does as well aa
broth, although she said Secretary Noble 'i
ciaimea ne couia tell tne difference.
Heaping table-poonfal butter; tablespoonfcl 'j
uuieu uour; tod weii togeiner.- une-naii pus
broth, 2 teaspoonf nls mushroom, 3 teaspoonfnls
catsup, S tablespoonfnls cream, 2 tablespoonf ate.
lemon juice. Put In to coil, stirring welt, ,
xnen ana yoisa or two eggs Jieateu light, con-!'
sunuy stirring ana never allowing to dou or it;
will cardie. When thickened by the eggs, larrat
or place in hot water until wanted.
LlZUSSTH NOULS.O
Mrs. Justice Miller is one of the most
famous cooks of Washington. One of hex
favorite dishes she makes with her own
hands and no French or native cook bay
ever been allowed to touch tha Chriitmu
I mince pie, fruit cake or fig pudding in theM
Miner nousenoia, .tier mwce.pies are
known everywhere, and lucky Is the larder
that will have one the night before Christ."
mas. She learned how to make them ia St.
Xoais years ago, and she especially demands
ot all who loilow her that thev use raw in
stead of cooked meat. Just there the Miller'
mince pie differs from what tbe world ha
known under the name. The best f hei
recipe, Mrs. Miller says, she cannot give to'
the public. That is the art of tasting. She
can tell to a currant whether it is right, aad'
sne acknowledges that at tne jasc sue oitest
adds a grain more cinnamon or leas
juice.
Her recipe is as follows:
Two pounds raw beef chopped fine.
Two pounds sntt chopped fine.
Four pounds good tart apples.
Two pounds of currents.
Two pounds raisins.
Two pounds citron. '
Two Pounds brown inrar.
One quart good New Orleans molasses.
Four ounces of salt.
One and one-halt ounce .mixed sole,
3s,wwWS
One-halt ounce white pepper
forr
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