-r ,r4 53 "?Fj THE GHOSTLY CKAZE. How Modern Spiritualism Originated in a Sleepy Old Village FORTY-ONE TEAKS AGO TO-DAY. Singular Manifestations That Led to Widespread Belief That THE DEAD CAN SPEAK TO THE UYISG rtFXCUL TELIQBA TO TH DISPATCH. Htbesville, X. Y., March SO. T$ morrow will be celebrated by spiritualists all over the world as the forty-first anniver sary of the origin of modern spiritualism, and it was this pleasant little Tillage which gave it birth. Hydesville is a qnaint old place dull and sleepy, with an indescriba ble finished appearance, conveying the idea that it is absolutely completed and that no more building or other changes can ever take place here. Many of its picturesque dwellings are overgrown with vines, and their architecture includes jnst snch a porch as a tired pedestrian or 'cycler delights to rest in on a hot summer day. It was in one of these old frame houses, still pointed out to visitors here, that in 1847 occurred the first manifestations of modern spiritualises, as familiar to the pres ent believers, in that faith. Though the fox sisters, Margaretta and Catherine, through whom the first revelations of sup posed spirit power were made, have recently denounced themselves as charlatans who have been wilfully perpetrating a gross and premeditated fraud for many years, and though they have stated that the so-called "spirit rappings," which created such an immense sensation 41 years ago, were pro duced by a voluntary cracking of their toe joints, the faith of believers in spiritualism is in no wise shaken. MAEVIXOUS MAXirrSTATIOXS. They sav that though the Fox sisters may be impostors, as they declare them selves to be, yet the great truths and prin ciples of modern spiritualism stand as firmly and shine as brightly as ever. They say that these date back far beyond the time of the Fox girls. Even in that low. rambling, two-story house in which those young women first cracked their toe joints, it is claimed that genuine spiritual phe nomena were observed before the Fox girls ever inhabited it In 1847 that house was occupied by one Michael "Weekman with his family. He was a poor, ignorant laborer, with no thought beyond his daily toil for his daily bread. He and his family were soon troubled by mysterious raps" heard in all parts of their dwelling, especially at night, an annoyance that soon increased to such an extent that sleep was an impossibility. During all this time the Fox sisters, then mere children aged 11 and 9 vears. lived with their parents at a distance ot several milps Kn fW thT nnnlfl ;m,t 1,- had a hand or a toe-joint in tho'mvste- rious Tappings at Mr. Weekman's house. It was this constantly increasing annovance of loud raps, which, though diligently in vestigated, could not be traced to anv hu man agency, which soon caused Mr. Week- i man anu wiie to aoanoon tneir dwelling. ItAFriXGS THAT HOUSED A VILLAGE. l.l.A(il. iheiuitwas that on March 1, 1848, Mr. John D. Fox and his family became its' occupants. The mvsterious raps still con tinued. The neighbors were called in on several occasions and every possible effort made to trace their origin, but in vain. It was on the night of March 31 of that same year of 1848, that the mysterious raps first gave evidence of being directed by some controlling intelligence. The family had retired during a briel lull in the mysterious Tappings, when suddenly it began again, occurring- this time near the bed occupied by the two little dauchters, Margaretta and Catherine. The latter began to snap her fingers in imitation of the sounds, which immediately responded. "Now do as I do " she cried. ""Count 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6," at the same time striking her hands together. Mrs Fox, the girls' mother, then desired the unseen agency to count ten, and that num ber of raps immediately followed. "Tell us the age of Cathy" (the vounger daughter) "by rapping once for eacfi vear," said the mother, and ten distinct raps were heard. Startled by these manifestations, Mrs. Fox asted if it was a human being who was rapping, but no answerinc sound was heard. "If yon are a spirit make two distinct sounds," she said, and two loud raps re sponded. Hate Fox, in her recent ESTOSUEES OF SMRITCALISSI, has declared that she and her sister were producing these mysterious Traps while lying in bed and almost choking with laugh ter at the clever imposition they were prac ticing upon thetr mother. Th"e power of cracking the toe-joint, by which they pro duced their "spirit rappings," they had accidentally discovered and had practiced until they had acquired a high degree of proficiency. Be that as it may, these supposed manifestations of spirit power created an intense excitement in the village, and the little house was crowded in every part Finally the spirit was asked to spell out his or hername bv rapping at the cor rect letters as the alphabet was repeated. As a result the name of Charles B. Bosma was obtained, and the spirit said he was a peddler, who had been murdered in that house a few years before. Soon afterward the Fox family removed to Kochester, If. Y., and the same spiritual manifestations continued to occur in their new home, but only when Catherine or Margaretta were present. By using the alphabet in the manner already indicated the Fox sisters said that they found a great number of departed spirits who desired to converse with them and to nse them as a medium of communication with their de parted Iriends. riBST SPIRITUALISTIC SEASCE. At length the alleged spirits communi cated to the Fox girls their desire that there should be held a public meeting at which a committee of investigation, chosen by the audience, should determine whether "they were genuine spirits and produced their so called manifestations without human aid. Such a meeting was accordingly held in November, 1849. The Fox girls appeared on the stage and the spiritual phenomena, being freely manifested, were investigated by a committee of prominent gentlemen who, after continuing their researches for several days, reported their inability to trace them to any hums.n agency. The fame of the Fox sisters was now na tional, and when they appeared in New York in the followinc .May, announcing themselves as "spiritual mediums," a phrase which originated with them, they created an intense furore. These two oung girls had thus founded a new faith to which they gave the name of spiritualism. Humble as was its origin and insignificant as was the character ot its first manifesta tions it soon found a multitude of believers in both hemispheres. Spiritual mediums quickly sprang up all over the country and were soon multiplied by hundreds and even by thousands. No better evidence of the power of the new faith over the minds of men and of its perpetuity could possibly be desired than the fact that even its denounce ment as the shallowest, flimsiest humbug, gery bv those who founded it. and their statement that it is an out and out fraud originated by two little girls solely in a spirit or mischief, have been powerless to overthrow or even shake it. SPIEIT MEDIUMS OF LONG AGO. So long ago as the seventeenth and eigh teenth centuries there were many persons who professed to be under the direct guid ance of the divine spirit, and who may in that sense have been called 'Spiritualists. Prominent among such mystical thinkers were Jacob Bohme, or Boehmen, Spener, J. Godfrey Arnold, John "William Peterson, John Albert Benzol, Heinrich Jung Still- ing, Madam Gnyou, Oetinger and Sweden borg. The last named, when on his death bed in 1772, predicted that in about 80 years from that time there would be a gen eral revelation from the spiritual world which would bring his teachings into general notice and confirm their truth, a prediction which it is claimed was fulfilled in 1848, just 76 years after the death of Swedenborg, oy the mani festations of spirit power which were then made here in Hydesville, and which soon attracted general attention throughout the world. Besides this prediction of Swedenborg, the birth of modern spiritualism was twice prophesied. In 1843 some members of the Shaker communities at New Lebanon and Watervliet, N.Y., seemed to be under some strange psychological influence which threw them into a trance state. "While in that condition they delivered long discourses in the names ot eminent men of bygone ages, by whose spirits they said they were possessed. A STRANGELY GIFTED MA2T. After these'manifestations had continued for nearly a year, the -spirits one day bde the brethren a solemn adieu, telling them to say nothing to the world's people of what had passed, but to treasure it in their hearts, and promising that in a few years thev would return and "show to the whole world the same wonderful manifestations which they had, revealed to a chosen few of the Shakers. In the same year of 1843, one Andrew Jackson Davis, a poor, ignorant country lad of Orange county, Kew York, was mes merized into a trance by one William Lev ington, and ever afterward seemed to have the power of passing into such a condition at will, though so illiterate that he could scarcely read or write, yet in the fall of 184G, while n the trance state, he dictated, under the title of "The Principles of Na ture, Her Divine Revelations and a Voice to Mankind," a learned treatise on onto logical, cosmical, theological, spiritual and social subjects. In this work he predicted that "communication with the spiritual world would ere long assume the form of a living demonstration," a prophecy which spiritualists believe to have been fulfilled, as were that of Swedenborg, and that of the spirits to the Shakers by the manifestations at this village in 1847-48. A SEW KEVELATIOX NEEDED. To the unbeliever in modern spiritualism its most improbable feature and that which tends most largely to bring it into discredit is the alleged necessity for "spiritual medi ums." If the spirits of the dead have power to commnmcate with relatives and friends who have not yet learned the great secret, why cannot they do ko directly with out requiring the intervention of a third person, who was wholly unknown to them in life ? Then, again, the very vague and general nature of the great majority of com munications and messages received from the spirit world tend to create and confirm skeptics. Instead of conversing upon some theme known only to the dear departed and the relative or friend with whom he is com municating, the spirit merely says, in 09 cases out of 100, "that he is happy in spirit life and wants to meet yon there. There is urgent need for a new duo of Fox or other "Sisters, who shall proclaim a new revela tion of spiritualism, which shall enable the SP1"" to wholly dispense with mercenary mediums and to hold direct converse with relatives and friends on earth. Feank Fees. Palo In the Back and IIIp-, Kate McBurney, 173 Fifth street, Detroit, Mich., says: I was taken with severe pain in my back and hips. It continued to grow worse until 1 I uau ku &OC1I iu; ucu. i.ujcu buciu iciucuics had to keep my bed. I tried several remedies good. 1 then put on twd Allcock's Porous Plasters. They took the pain aav so ciuick that 1 was able to he up in less than 21 hours, and in a weeK was entirely recovered. 1 was also cured of a chronic cough by the use of All cock's Plasters." su ANOTHER TUMBLE. Down Goes the Price of Flonr, Canned Goodi, Soaps. Etc 1 bbl Fancy St LouisFlonr 56 75 1 sack Fancy St Louis 1 65 1 bbl White, Swan (best family) 6 25 1 sack "White Swan (best family) 1 50 1 bbl Genuine Amber 6 00 1 sack Genuine Amber 1 45 1 bbl Good Amber 5 50 1 sack Good Amber ,.... 135 20 cans Choice Blackberries (forpies).. 1 00 14 cans Choice Cherries (for pies).. .... 1 00 16 cans Choice Sugar Corn 1 00 15 cans Choice Peas. 1 00 14 cans String Beans 1 00 14 cans Standard Tomatoes. 1 CO 40 bars good scrubbing soap 1 00 32 bars 2-year-old soap (equal to Dob bins) l 00 30 bars "White Elephant soap (floats).. 1 00 26 bars Proctor & Gamble's Lenox soap 1 00 25 bars Proctor & Gamble's Ivory soap 1 00 20 bars Proctor Ss Gamble's German mottled 1 00 26 bars Scbultz & Co.'s Star soap.... 1 00 30 packages "Washing Powder. 1 00 20 boxes Concentrated Lye 1 00 50 good Scrubbing Brashes 1 00 30 lbs large lump starch 1 00 20 lbs Evaporated Peaches 1 00 24 lbs Turkey Prunes 1 00 15 lbs Evaporated Apples 1 00 6 lbs Evaporated Apricots 1 00 If you don't want the dollar's worth take the half. Goods delivered free to all parts of both cities. To those livingoutofthecity will pre pay freight on all orders of 510, 515, 520 and upward. Send for catalogue. Opposite Gusky. M. E. Thompson, fsu , 301 Market st Let not a catch-penny ad. attract you. At no matter what apparently low figure anybody advertises clothing, rest assured we can and will beat his price, besides giv ing you a guarantee which means some thing; that is, we will keep your suit in re pair free of charge for one year; not only high-priced suits, but from our splendid $10 suit to the finest custom made. Jacksoss', 954 and 956 Liberty st. Star corner. New building. Handsomest in this city. Go to Pearson's for cab. photo of yourself or family. Galleries 96 Fifth aye. and 43 Federal st, Allegheny. E. P. Coheres fc Sons Want Ton To see the new patterns of tea sets they have jnst opened. The sets contain urn and five pieces and you can get sugar, creamer and spoonholder, or in fact any number of pieces you wish. Even if you do not wish to buy now go and see their styles and get their prices. They will give you every attention. " fsu Tenement house clothing may be very piofitable to handle, bnt who knows what contagion may be in them? The clothing we sell is home made; that's why we can warrant to keep the suit you buy of ns, costing 510 or over, for one whole year in good repair free of charge. Jacksons', 954 and 956 Liberty st, Star Cor. New build ing, the handsomest in Pittsburg. Dyeing and Clennlng. Gents, now Is the time to have your spring clothing cleaned or dyed equal to new, at Chas. Pfeifer's 443 Smithfield street, Pitts burg; 100 Federal street, Allegheny. Tele phone 1264. Carpet Two Room for 81 50. It can be done by purchasing a roll of China mat tine, the most popular summer carpet, from Edward Groetzinger, 627 and 629 Penn avenue. Don't buy a carpet or pair of curtains until you see our stock. Geo. W. Snaman, MWSSa 136 Federal st, Allegheny. Cur this out and paste it in your hat: Any suit you buy ol Jackson's, costing 510 00 or more, they will repair it for you, it necessary, for one year free of charge. Jacksons, Star Tailors, Clothiers, Hatters and Furnishers, 954 and 955 Liberty st ' GIELS AS GYMNASTS U How to Improve the Form and Ac quire Strength and Health by SIMPLE CALISTHEKIO EXERCISES.' Original Mechanical Devices Used by Fash ionable Belles TO DEVELOP E0BDST FIGURES IW1UTTXX FOB THE PISPATCH.1 ' PROMINENT New York physician, address ing a lady patient, said: "Take the bridle path and It will lead you to the bridal patE," The speaker was a fa mous medical man, whose practice is among ex tremely fashionable peo ple, and his advice in this particular instance was addressed to a stylish weakling of ithe feminine sex. Her health was bad, andjier wedding day was set for six months ahead. "What hemeant by his'jo cose remark was that horseback exercise was s the thing requisite to im prove her physical condition. "But, Doctor, I can't stand outdoor exer cise until the weather becomes balmier," the fair patient objected. "Then I will have a m.ecianical horse Horse Exercise. constructed for yon," he answered, "and you can ride it indoors." Expense was no consideration in this case, for the girl was heiress presumptive to a million, and so within ten days a mechan ical horse was set up in her boudoir at a cost abont as great as that of any live horse in her father's stable. A picture of it is here given. It has the motion of a trotting horse not the easy canter that is imitated in the spring rocking horse for children, bnt a gentle jogglety-jog of a trotter. It is operated by the motion of the body and the pressure on one foot in the stirrup. ROBUST FIGTJEES IT0W ES PASHIOJT. The equestrienne has Been using It an hour a day for a month, and, sure enough, it has done considerable for her in a strengthening way. Of course, now, that spring is advancing, she will quit this con trivance to take a side-saddle seat on a gen uine horse. I Use her case merely as a hrst exhibit of the manner in which this physi cian whom I am enjoined not to name, for lear that the Medical Jaqciety will rate him an advertiser contrives machines for the physical improvement of his wealthy patients. It is no longer fashionable to be puny. Our belles are cultivating robust figures. This doparture from old-tashioned nonsense has been going on for several years, until now the beneficial results are quite visible in the healthier complexions, straightened figures and elastic carriage of the girls who For the Wrists. have practiced it. But the doctor in ques tion and he already has several imitators aims to devise apparatus for exercises ex actly suited to individuals. Just as a surgeon plans special appliances for out right cripples, so these advanced practition ers are providing machines to improve forms that, in old days, would have been let alone In their lack of symmetry or strength. The fundamental idea of the system is the substitution of cleverly constructed ma chines for the ordinary manual efforts used in obtaining gymnastic exercises, and the furnishing by mechanical means of passive movements in the limbs and bodies of patients, which are further aided by the active movements of the apparatus. GTMNASTICS FOE "WOMEN. Not only, too, does the system supersede the old conventional forms of gymnastics, but it also takes the place and is somewhat of an elaboration of massage treatment, and, by the ingenuity of the machines and the extreme convenience of the mode of applying and using tlrem, they afford special facilities for movements of a gymnastic nature, or, rather, which pro duce the gymnastic effects without the ac companying conditions of personal activity which would, in many cases, render a course of ordinary gymnastic exercises not only inconvenient and undesirable, but impossi ble. Of course these theories are put for ward here for their novelty, and as an ac count of a curious innovation in exercise as firactised by some of the New York swell adtes, but without either indorsement or condemnation. But our belles are not yet prepared to take all the risks of ordinary muscular develop ment They have observed that brawny oarsmen and .ball players have hands like stone masons, so far as size and rnggedness are concerned, and they have no notion of sacrificing their manual charms, even tor the sake of improved health. They like to broaden their shoulders, swell their biceps and invigorate their walking members by exercise, but they do not wish to increase the size or shapeliness of their gloves. AN INGENIOUS MUFF TVABMEB. The second picture shows how the physi tun v fill- THElpiKCSBJIBG-ISPATjbH. cian got over this difficulty fof one of his patients. The device enables her to ex ercise her forearms and wrists by means of exertion that does not require band grip or any strain at all upon the fingers. It seems to be practical, too, according to its gentle operator, who declares that her wrists and arms have developed -markedly in muscle,, and that without the slightest change in the small daintiness of her hands. Apropos oi fashionable hands, let me wander off or a paragraph about a con trivance that- a lady lately brought from Europe." It is nothing less than a muff warmer. It is the invention of a Japanese genius, and is a very simple little perforated box containing a wee roll of compressed Vt 9 sr .A Straightening the Figure. charcoal, which is lighted at one end like a cigarette. Shut in the box, it remains alight for a couple of hours or more, accord ing to the amount of air admitted. The heat given out is quite considerable, and the apparatus is so small and so light that it can be carried about for hours without the slightest inconvenience. Should K be duplicated into common use, I suppose there would have to be a combination of fire nnd life insurance to cover the risks. FOB IMPEOVINa- THE TOEM. To return to the mechanical improve ment of figures, it must be said that it is only claimed to be feasible for girls who have not much more than gained their growth. There must be.sufficient of youth tul pliability, for nothing can much change a figure that is once fixed and settled into maturity. Hound-shouldered forms are the commonest- feminine offense against sym metry. Some of the popular exercises, even that of horseback riding, are calculated to increase rather than remedy this defect. And pillows are also to blame for It To lie on one's back with the head bolstered up six inches higher than the shoulders is con ducive to round shoulders, and in lying on either side just the same relative attitude is apt to be taken. The machine for straightening the fignre, as sketched while in use at the home of an owner, is so weighted and contrived as to pull the shoulders back, and to train them into that position. More pretentious is an apparatus for developing and limbenng the shoulders and elbows, and in this case, in deed, most ot the benefits of a well-equiped gymnasium are embodied in it How often, ordinarily, does a woman stretch her arms straight upward? Her clothes are apt to be an impediment to such free use of tub arms. Few of her outdoor diversions even call upon her for just that sort of exercise. EXEECISING ON FLYING KINGS. "But what nonsense such a machine as this is," said a professional athlete, to Expanding the Chest whom I showed the drawing. "If the girl were to simply tasten a pair of what we call flying rings to the ceiling of her room and let them dangle at a height to which she can just reach when standing on her tip toes she will have just as good an apparatus as this complicated machine offers. If she will clutch these rings with her hands and throw all of her weight upon them she will stretch herself as moderately as she pleases and with no danger of harm. If she wishes a stronger tension she can lift herself en tirely off the floor. "When she has accus tomed herself to it she may swing as hard and as long as she pleases." His condemnation seems reasonable, but it does not hold against the interest of this letter, which sets out merely to depict some of the very curious means of physical devel opment employed just now by way of a fad by some of our girls. Let the exhibits be concluded with the chest expander, a con struction which braced the operator com fortably behind her shoulders, while with her hands she worked a pair of wooden handles in a manner producing somewhat THE EFFECT OF BOWING in a boaf, except that she sat bolt upright while doing it. As a method of producing a concavity of back and a convexity of breast, I should think this might have a For Shoulders and Elbows. practical value. Anyhow, that was what the physician prescribed it for, and in the hope of which the young lady was laboring industriously an hour a day. The usual modes of mild exercise, like the calisthenics practiced in most schools, and the use of dumb bells and Indian clubs, are in great and increasing vogue. One swell class of 150 women and girls meets twice a week at the Berkeley Lyceum; several of the most fashionable dancing schools have been made to include gymnastio exercises; swimming baths, fencing rooms and even well-equipped gymnasiums are the resorts of Filth avenue femininity. It is stylish,as asserted at the outset of this letter, to be stalwart. That belle is well pleased with herself who can greet you with a hand as soft as a baby's, but who can also raise the muscles on her arm when she -chooses, until it looks incongruous as bared by a sleeveless ball dress. STTtfDA'XS MAR.CK'' "-81, BRATERY IS BATTLE. Dr. Hammond Writes AT)out the Physical Aspects of Courage. HUNGRY TROOPS FIGHT BAD1T. All Men Are Afraid, in the Presence of Un familiar Dangers. INCIDENTS OP THE PENINSULAR WAB tWBITTZar FOB THE DISPATCH. 3 T is a fact that all men, no matter how Drave thep may be, generally experience fear in the presence of a danger with which they are not familiar. A Boldler,who will without hesitatlqn march up to a cannon's mouth, is frightened when some con tagious disease makes its appearance in the garrison or camp, while the physician, who walks among his cholera and typhus fever patients daily unmoved by the slight est fear for his health or life, would likely waver in the face of a bayonet charge. Familiarity in this, as In many other mat ters, breeds contempt The 'Soldier learns to nurse his sick comrade without trembling for his own safety, and many a military surgeon has lost his life or been grievously mounded while facing death on the battle field in the discharge of his duty. Not only is courage largely a matter of experience and education, bnt it is to a great extent under the control of the will. Ii left to himself, and without any higher motive to actuate him than the desire for his own safety, a man will generally do his utmost to escape from an impending danger, but when moved by some feeling which, for the time being, is paramount with him, such, for in stance, as patriotism or love for others or the fear of punishment or of ridicule, he will stand up and be shot at or incur any other risk rather than evince the slightest fear. Perhaps the strongest of all these emotions is that sense of self-respect which is posessed by the generality of men who have been liberally educated or well brought up. This feeling enables them to exert their will power in such a way as to pre vent the exhibition of any sign of coward ice even in the presence of the greatest dan gers. ONE KIND OF COURAGE. A story is told of two officers who were serving together in the Peninsular "War, which illustrates this volitional control of the manifestations of a powerful emotion. One of them, whom I will call Captain Smith, was remarkable for his bulldog bravery, which never failed him under any circumstances when mere animal courage was required. The other, Captain Jones, was a good officer, but was thought by some to be deficient in the contempt of danger, which is, after all, the least qualification of a soldier. The bullets were whistling around, when Captain Smith, riding up to Captain Jones, who stood pale but collected at 'his post, said, with the inexcusable brusquerieto be expected of such a person: "Captain Jones, you look as if you were frightened!" "Yes," replied Jones, "I am frightened, and if you were half so much frightened as I am you would run away." It is not to be doubted that to a certain extent the emotions are under the control of the will. A man may strengthen his emotions, lessen them, subdue them abso lutely or create those which are not natural to him by the force of his will acting in accordance with his desires. The medical student whose horror at the sight of blood causes him to faint by lessening the action of his heart when he sees his first snrgical operation, in a short time overcomes his re- Iiugnance, and after awhile becomes a fear ess snrgeon. The soldier who in his first battle is so terrified that he exhibits the most unmistakable evidences of the mental agony he is suffering, perseveres until he is renowned for his gallantry and daring under the most tremendous fire. Courage, therefore, like other faculties, is susceptible of improvement it can be educated to an almost unlimited extent, so that even the veriest coward may be made as brave as Caesar. IRRECLAIMABLE COWARDS. Still it must be confessed that occasional ly irreclaimable cowards are encountered. Persona who, no matter to what influences they may be subjected, never fail to exhibit the most abject tear when exposed to dan gers that may injure their bodies. Coward ice is an essentiaLelement of their nature; they are born poltroons, and they remain such as long as they live. It does not seem to be the fear of physical pain which ren ders them absolutely helpless in the pres ence of danger, for they will endure great bodily torments rather than expose them- 'selves to a possible. 'though uncertain dan ger. Thus 1 have seen a man submit to be pricked with bayonets, belabored with swords and trampled upon by men and horses because he conld not stand up in the ranks and run the risk of being shot Such persons have endurance of physical suffering, they accept the inevitable with a certain amount of composure. It is the un certainty which makes them cowards. On the battlefield they are absolutely devoid of courage, but when condemned to death bv the sentence of a court martial and marched out for execution, thev sit down on their coffins and lace the firing party with heroic calmness and fortitude. They are like those financial speculators who, harassed by anxiety relative to the success or failure of their ventures, exhibit the utmost trepi dation, but who, when their mm is surely accomplished, meet their fate with entire equanimity and immediately go to work to repair their fallen fortunes. Many persons are temporarily cowards from the fact that they are unacquainted with their own mental organization; they have never been placed in positions of dan ger and have therefore never been called upon to exhibit courage. All they require is experience, and under its influence the latent courage inherent fh. them is soon developed. PHYSICAL CONDITION. A man's capacity to exhibit bravery is, to a great extent, dependent upon his physical condition. All those causes which lessen his bodily strength and vitality at the same time engender timidity. Hunger is one of the most powerlnl of these factors. All good commanders know how much the courage of their troops is due to the state of their stomachs, and therefore take every means in their power to keep their armies well fed. The soldier who goes into battle in the morn ing before having eaten anything will not manifest the same degree of elan as the one who has taken a enp of coffee and some good solid food into his stomach. There must be a certain degree of activity in the circula tion in order to produce the highest degree of physical courage. There are various methods of producing such a degree of temporary excitement as to make a man fight with ardor who would otherwise be more or less passive. It is said that Captain Dacres, who commanded the British trigate Guerriere when she was cap tured by the American frigate Constitution, gave his sailors just before going Into action a mixture of gunpowder and brandy for the purpose of rousing their dormant ardor. However powerful as temporary exciters of courage, alcoholic and ther stimulants are a two-edged sword, for reaction or mental torpidity eventually results from their em ployment and may come on at a time when their appearance is fatal to those who In dulge in them. They are occasionally good for a "spurt," but they are in no sense pro ducers of that true courage which can be relied upon for all emergencies. Moreover the highest type of man requires at no time any such adventitious aids. His courage is directed by his intelligence, he requires his 1889. mind to be clear in the presence of danger. His courage does not lead him, but is di rected by him. It Is very nearly true that courage is the least qualidca'ion of a-good soldier. William A. Hammond. SUNDAY THOUGHTS -ON- ,io 0 ,m- BY A CLEEGXMAN. TWEITTKI TOR THB DISPATCH. 1 HE recent elopement of the daughter of the Chief Justice of the United States, brings into con tinental prominence' a question of moralsana manners whichJuincerhs every household from Maine to California. Callow youth, of-either sex. is enchanted. The romance o. the affair temporarily eclipses the prosaic days that surely lie ahead. For this "Young Lochlnvar" business, however poetical in .the prelude, is almost certain to be sober prose in the denouement Once In a hundred times an elopement Is justi fiableas when the parties are ot, age, know their own mind, are certain of self-support, and find themselves unreasonably opposed in what is to them a matter of tenderest concern. But a runaway match, inspired by passion, or bom of romantic Impulse, or conceived In outrageous disregard ot parental rights and authority, usually and legitimately Issues in misery and invites divorce. Study the after history of these couples and you shall learn that as a rnle, whose exceptions are homeopathically infinitesimal, their career ends In dishonor. Why not? Has a father no claims upon his child? Has a mother no rights which her son, or daughtar, Is bound to respect? "Are lives consecrated to the happiness of offspring to be ruthlessly trampled and draggled In return for years of nurture? Shall a family be forced into an allianco which is regarded as a misal liance? Into association and relationship un congenial and abhorrent? By and by, when the glamor Is dispelled by mature experience, too late, perhaps, when several lives are blighted, these questions, which persist in put ting themselves in the deep, deep heart get sadly answered. Generally, it must be said, there is something wrong in the home training when children thus misbehave a lack of that mutual confidence which is the crowning charm of the ideal fire side. Anyhow, an elopement does well enouch to spice a novel; In real life it is almost always a present mistake and a future torture. It is said that the world "dearly loves a lover." All right But how about the pathetic days when lore flies ont at the window, and loud-monthed and red-faced dissention comes in at the door? Life is not made np of caramels and vanilla cream. Young man, young woman, yon think it 13, do you? Very well. Experience is tne best teacher; but the school fees are somewhat heavy. Household Discipline. Apropos of household discioline, the truth is that children usually turn out about as might be expected and predicted in view of the treat ment they receive. We say this -independently of any special case, and with reference to the broad rule (and exceptions prove rules). "What untold agonies," exclaims one of our most practiced and accomplished educators, "not only in the open day and thronged market-place, but in solitude and at midnight, do parents suffer; what soreness of heart, even snch that the tenderest sympathy tortnres it like fire, does the mother feel for a profligate son. while he, as if urged along by some demon, rushes on to darker shame and a dead lier perdition. Yet the time was when that boy's heart was soft as wax, when his feelings, like an aspen leaf, could have been moved by a breath. Then the mother conld have supplied the very moral nutriment that should have been embodied in the growth of his soul, jnst as the milk from her own breast became a part of his body. Then she sat upon a throne, and weal and woe were ministers ready to do her bidding. Then she was, like a goddess decree ing the future, originating predestination, telling Fate himself what he shonld do. But for some vanity or frivolity of the hour, she abdicated her queenly prerogatives; she was an idiot In casuality, and a Tost child and a broken heart are her reward." Faying Terr Old Scores. Any tourist who has traveled in Germany will remember the abounding marks of war made away back 200 years ago by Louis xfv., who invaded and fairly scarified the conntry. Every turn of the Rhine reveals some old castle crumbled into ruins, covered now with peaceful ivy, and serving only to decorate the historic river, which was demolished by that ruthless French King. More than 100 years later Napoleon I. put into the same soil his stern plowshare and plowed the ground over again; not quite so disastrously. The Ger. mans never forget nor foreave those Invasions, the first especially. When the French historian Thiers saw the German scholar Ranke after the Franco-Prussian war (when the table was turned), the fol lowing conversation took place: "Were the frussians fighting against Napo leon 111.?" "Why, no." answered Ranke. "The empire, then?" "No." "The French people?" "Still les3." "Well, then, who?" "Louis XIV.," thundered Ranke. To Educate the Indians. Last week representatives of most of the churches, missionary organizations, and socie ties interested In- the civilization of the In dians, waited upon the President and the Sec retary of the Interior, and presented the fol lowing resolutions, upon which they had agreed: "First That prompt and comprehensive measures bo taken by the Government for the education of all Indian youth, and that special encouracement should be given, impartially, to all accredited religious bodies and missionary organizations engaged in the prosecution of this work. "Second That appointments and removals in the Indian service should be made on the ground of character and efftciencv, irrespective of party affiliation, in order tha't the obvious advantages resulting from faithful service, continuity In method and experience may not be lost "Third That the work of alloting land in severalty to the Indians nnder the terms of the general severalty bill should be vigorously fressed forward, and that the Interests-of the ndian3 in relation to the same should be care .fully protected against fraud both before and after allotment." They were cordially received, and were as sured by the President that he would do his best to secure efficiency and faithfulness in ap pointments to the Indian service. Bright Thoughts of Grent Mind. The proverb is wrong. A bad beginning makes a bad ending. Iavy. " ' The greatest reverence is due to a child. JuienaU Great undertakings require great nrerjara- tions. Herodotus. The weilth of character Is the only true wealth. Hesiod. He is i fool who leaves a certainty for an un certainty. Horace. 'Tis man's bold task the strife to try. But in the. hands of God is victory. Homer (Iliad). We wretched mortals lost in donbt below, But guess by rumor, and but boast we know. lb. Leave no stone unturned, Euripides. The German word for hard is schwer. But it is not hard to swear in English. Martyn. The roots ot education are bitter, but the fruit is sweet Aristotle. When the Psalmist asks, "Shall the dead rise up and praise thee?" in Christ's name and In the light of His revelation, we joyfully answer, "Yes."-Selecled. No MAN can permanently succeed In Amer ica who does not live, as Sc Paul did. In the street called "Straight." Joseph Cook. There Is a good deal of religion in the world, but In view of the three S's (sin, suffer ing, sorrow), there Is plainly not enough to co round. Trips Undertaken for Health's SaUo Will be rendered more beneficial, and the fatigues of travel counteracted, if the voyager will take along with him Hosietter's Stomach Bitters, and use that protective and enabling tonic, nerve Invlgorant and appetizer regnlarlv. Impurities in air and water are neutralized by it and it is a matchless tranquilizer and regulator of the stomach, liver and bowels. It counter-' acts malaria, rheumatism, and a tendency to kidney and bladder ailments. ,Comb and see our carpets and curtains. Mwssa Geo. "W. Snaman, .KEWfADVERTISEMEXTS. J , r-W i - &'$ iO & &N3 m im Another Great Triumph for THE LADIES DELIGHTED No such display of rich and handsome Millinery ever shown in either city as was shown at our grand opening of the past week. All the new shapes are now in. Among the vast collection are found the Palmetto, the Nadjy, the Dlrectoire, the Regent, the Normandi, the Albert!, and every shape and style worth seeing or showing. No charge for trimming your hat or bonnet when materials are pur chased of us. Extraordinary Bargains this week in Silks, Dress Goods, Millinery, "Wraps and Jackets; ' Trimmings and Buttons, Umbrellas, etc. " WRAPS AND JACKETS. Ladies' and Misses' real Scotch Cheviot walking coat in pretty patterns a perfect fit and make. Special price, $1 74. Ladies' Stockinette Jackets, all wool, per fect fit Special price, $1 99. Ladies' black all-wool Stockinette Coats a beautifully fitting garment and well made. Special price, $3 24. Ladies' Grenadine Beaded Capes, hand somely jetted, with lace shoulders. Special price, ?3 24. Ladies' all-wool Spring Newmarkets, new shape, all the new colors; a good-fitting, stylish and serviceable garment. Special price, $9 48. 100 26-inch Silkena, Gold Mounted, 96c. 100 28-inch Silkena, Gold Mounted, $1 19. . 100 23-inch German Gloria, Gold Mounted, $1 CO, 100 26-inch Gloria, black stick, $1 89. 100 28-inch Gloria, Paragon frame, oxidized handles, 51 99. 100 26-inch "Windsor Silk, Gold Mounted, 52 99. 100 28-inch La Tosca, oxidized, 53 24. 100 26-inch Eureka Silk, oxidized, $3 99. 100 23-inch La Tosca, natural stick, 54 99. 100 26-inch La Tosca, Eureka Silk, Gold Mounted, $4 49. TK;3M:3tlN"a-S , All the latest novelties in new Dress Trimmings are now ready for inspec tion. "We are snowing an endless variety in Gimps, Galloons, Applique Embroid eries, Persian and Tinsel Embroideries, Jet and Steel Gimps. Buttons in all conceivable colors, designs and qualities. Plain Gimps, in all colors; 1 inch wide, at 19c. ' Tinsel Mixed Galloons, 2 inches wide, at 25c. Embroidered Persian Bands, 2 inches wide, at 59c. Applique Embroideries, 2 inches wide, at 52 25. . Jet Fringes for trimming wraps, 3 inches wide, at 59c. , Jet Ornaments (6 inches) for wraps, at 19c each. Handsome Pearl Buttons, with steel centers, worth 25c, at 14c. All the latest novelties in large Buttons, Directolre, etc, at 25c per dozen, and ; np. ' ', SPECIAL PURCHASE OF SILKS AND DBESS GOODS At the great trade sale during the past week of Field, Chapman & Fercer, of . New York, our Mr. Shoenberg, who was on the spot for the purpose of securing any bargains that might be offered, made some purchases which you will hear .. about in a few days. ,' N". B. Ladies should not fail to visit our new HouseFuruishing Department when in. The largest stock of Crockery, Glassware, Tinware and House Furnish ings to be found in the city. DANZIGER & SHOENBERG, -SrCCESSOBS TO- MORRIS H. DANZIGER, ffos. 42444648-50-52 Sixth Street 538-540-542 Penn A?e. mh31-arwTsn KAUFMANNS' "PIGS IN jliolisapds of Jhese iirni w .tuainuiizirMLj'TJVjr .- . i imjr ju-" Of wvT'" rERE DISTRIBUTED GRATUITOUSLY BY KAUFMANNS'l yesterday; thousands more will day during this week. Remember, they are the only original and! genuine "Pies in Clover" ouzzles in Pittsbur?. all others being butjj weak and unsightly imitations. If vou want to have fun get one of these puzzles gratis ARE GIVEN AWAY FREE TO A3SL. PATHON9. -AT- KAUFMAN " A Ai Oi tA tit run Our Millinery Department - 1 EVERYBODY PLEASED. j SILKS. 50 pieces plain China Silks, all new colors, 37J$c, wortn boc. SO pieces 23-inch Shanghai Silks at 53c: worth 51 25. 40 pieces black Gros Grain Silks at file, worth 75c. DBESS GOODS. 20 pieces novelties in Checks, Stripes and Mixed effects, at 17c, worth 30c. 40 pieces double width all wool Bannock burn Suiting at 43c, worth 75c. 30 pieces 46-inch all-woof Cashmere la black and colors, at 69c, worth $1 00. COTTON DBESS DPAJBBICS 3 cases good Apron Ginghams at 4c, worth 8c. 5 cases Lawns at 4Jc, worth 8c. 3 cases French Satines at 12c, worth 18c. And all of new and elegant 12o Dress Ginghams at 7c. & BTTTTOlsrSil CLOVER. TJ .l,WXWif StytofSKx. ojt Iptereslipg toizzlej be distributed to-morrow, and everyJ at Kaufmanns' this week. THEY" : "1 i i i t J i
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers