Law a TO BECOME AN AMERICAN INDUSTRY Nouv ELLIOTT X The general policy of the Depart. ment of Agriculture has been to en: deavor to produce at home such plants as are grown abroad and shipped into the United States. This is just as true with regard to luxuries as to neces. sities, and especially apropos is its reference to the Bermuda or Baster Lily. For some years efforts have been made to cultivate successfully the Easter lily in the South-eastern States, but it hag been found that the climate of that section is not as favorable for the lily bulbg as it is in the Bermudas and Japan, Experiments have demonstrated that bulbs of the Baster lily can be carried over a season in cold storage, with a result that they are benefited very materially as it subjects them to a condition approaching that existing in Japan, the native country of the spe- cies, where the bulbs are heavily cov- ered with snow during the resting period. This discovery has opened new possibilities in the cultivation of the lily. Heretofore, bulbs have been planted in some parts of the South early in the fall, with the result that they sprouted considerably before cool weather set in. When severe weather, such as the South gets at some periods of the winter, does come, this growth is killed and the plant more or less in- jured. During the period before com- ing into bloom, the plants rendered gickly during the winter often suffer severely from lack of moisture, result. ing in poorly developed bulbs. Bon the Blue Bermuda Islands. Lily growing on the Bermuda Islands is an exceedingly profitable industry. Practically all the land available for the production of bulbs is tilized for this purpose, and while the rotation | of crops, together with the most ap-| [3 EASTER LILY GROWING. MITCHELL plants can be grown which are en- tirely free from disease, and most im- portant of all, that the seedlings give an opportunity to select better types than exist at the present time, The very best of these seedlings, some of which will undoubtedly show superiority in several ways over the parents, can be retained for seeds, and by keeping up the system of selection there will develop in a very few yedrs strains from seed which will be proven of great value. George W, Oliver, the plant propa gator of the Department of Agriculture has been working on thig particular line for a number of years, with every indication of success. In some in- stances he has obtained blooming plants in from 7 to 9 months from germination of the seed, while in re cent trials, as many as twelve mag- nificent blossoms have been cut from a plant within fourteen months after the plant has shown itself above ground. In order to further this class of work, the Department of Agriculture has obtained plots of land in California and Oregon where it is believed the Easter lily can be grown as profitably if not more so, than it is In either Ber- muda or Japan, A point great in favor of raising the Easter lily from. seed, to constitute the crop of marketable bulbs, is that from one to two years’ time is saved in the operation over the scale method. The results of the work of the Depart. ment of Agriculture in obtaining blooming plants in so short a time after planting the geed would probably seem like a fairy tale to the participants of the lily conference held in London in 1561. One of the papers read at that time states that many specles of Lil lium must have from ten to twelve ————— 8) Orchard Noles. y Scon 1s the time when the apple bor- er will emerge from the trunk of the tree in the shape of a fly and look about for crevices in the tree trunks in which to deposit her eggs. A way often recommended is to take a hoe and hill up each tree about six inches, This will necessitate the laying of the eggs on the trunk where they ean be easily gotten at and destroyed later, May will be a good time to walk rapidly through the orchard ande«rub off the new shoots, or waler sprouts, on the trunks of the trees. If much pruning has been done these will be found in abundance. When soft and green, as they are during this month, they can be easily removed, pulled out by the roots, as it were, whereas later they will have to be cut off, causing a liability to sprout again, This Magnificent Bouauet was Grown from Sced in Fourteen Months, If any top grafting has been done and the grafts have taken, all sprouts below the grafts should be rubbed off clean, allowing the full vigor to go into the graft, — For the best results fruit and other trees should be cultivated early and often during the spring and early sum- mer, ag that is the time when most growth is made. When the fruit is small there is plenty of sap for vigor ous wood growth, but after the fruit approaches maturity the wood growth jecreases, a Caring for Tramsylanted Trees. It Is well the first year a large tree is transplanted to put a tile at its base or a square box five or six inches in diameter, in an upright position, and stimulate the tree by pouring down soap suds or other water. This furnishes sub-irrigation and allows but little of the water to evaporate, Trees should also be dug from time to time if rapid desired. around growth is A tree can grow up in sod and practically stand still or by the use of manure and cultivation it can be made to grow as fast as desired. The sod method is frequently followed by the man who has no time to spend THE COMING FARMBOY, The Educated Farmer Becoming a Power In State and Nation. The time is fast coming , if, indeed, it is not already here, when the in. telligent, industrious and energetic farmer will occupy a far more promi. nent place in the affairs of State and Nation that ever before. The rapid pace necessarily adopted by those en- gaged in professional and mercantile pursuits, In order to successfully meet the competition assalling them on every hand, i8 not conducive to the mental endowment of thelr descend- ants, and the farmboy of rugged con- stitution and industrious habits will be in ever growing demand to fill thelr depleted ranks, Much has been writ ten in regard to the prominent part played by such breeding and early country training, in the successful management of great mercantile enter- prises and the marvelous discoveries and achievements of great professional leaders and much more will still be written upon the same subject. The farms of the country have been and will continue to be the nurseries from whence the degenerating forces of those overworked brains and shattered nerves wit-be recruited. More important still, there is also a most promising future for the farm- boy who takes up agriculture as an occupation. Farming is no longer mere drudgery and muscular exertion, in which man occuples about the same place as the beasts of burden, but it is an industry calling for the keenest intelligence and the application of well defined principles, If the farm boy can be made to understand that the cultivation of the soil and the feeding of stock are based upon principles as clearly defined as those underlying any mechanical or mercantile pursuit, and that the same skill and energy applied to the former as to the latter will yield equally pro fitable returns, he will be more greatly attracted to his home acres. When to these facts are added the opportumity to participate in public affairs and the assurance that because he becomes a farmer, he surrender all claim to pul recognition and re- nown, he will enter upon the work of the farm with greater zest and courage and with less foreboding. In order to obtain these results, it is necessary that the farm lad be fitted for the work as thoroughly as persons are fitted for other professions. He must study agriculture as one who is does not HAC sic to become a phy an studies medi cine, or the one who is to be an at-| torney studies law, He must not omy know how to do all things, but he! must also know why the things are done. He must know the effect upon | the soll of different methods of culture and the effect upon animals of various systems of feeding. He must know a things unknown to his an. costors a generation or two ago, and then—and not till then will he be in a position to practice farming as intelll. gently and as successfully as the phy. siclan practices medicine or the tcrmey practices law, It requires time, hard study and some money to acquire this knowledsg:« but not so much as is required to pre | pare for other occupntions and profes | sions yielding good returns. There is! no study necessary for the laborer who uses pick and shovel at a dollar thousand at SECRETARY WILSON AND A LILY GROWN AT THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FROM SEES. | proved methods of selection and cul tivation, would undoubtedly be eventu- ally a good policy for the growers to pursue, yet, except in the case of the more progressive growers, there is lit- tle likelihood of this being done, ag it would materially decrease the revenue from lily farming for the time being. This will readily be understood when it is stated that an acre -of lilies will bring from $1,000 to $2,000. "Some growers on the islandg who thoroughly appreciate the importance of careful methods are using small bulbs In preference to scales, and are selecting, and fertilizing carefully, but they are | heavily handicapped by the many small growers who cultivate thelr crops according to old methods; and in these cases there is no selection with a view to producing and perpetu- ating good types. Little manure Is used. The methods of propagation are very faulty and they have not been changed since the beginning of the in. dustry in the Islands, For Instance, in the growing of the bulbs for Amer. jean markets the smaller sizes are planted in the fall and harvested (n July, or before the bulbs have thorough. ly ripened. In the process of handling, many of the Immature scales drop from the bulbs. These are not thrown away, as they ought to be, but are carefully saved and planted with a view to raising small bulbs, These bulbs ultimately form a large part of the goneral crop, ? As a result of all these conditions the bulbs marketed by Bermuda have become impregnated with disease, se that, at the present time it is almost impossible to secure a bulb er plant which does not show some trace of di The American Method, Investigations made by the Depart ment of Agriculture have shown by the use of seeds | of vears to develop a flowering bulb from the seed. A noted scientist who was believed to be an authority on lily growing, stated that “In three or four years at most, flowering bulbs will be produced from seed if the young plants are properly treated.” While the experiments of the Department of Agriculture have shown that some seed. lings are longer than others in coming into bloom, yet when these do flower, they reward all the cultivator’s labor by producing a great amount of flow ers—instances being known of plants with from ten to fourteen flowers at one time, Hybrid Philippine Lily. The Bureau of Plant Industry of the Department of Agriculture last year took up the problem of shorten. ing the time of growing, as any short ening in the time of growth represents so much gain to the cultivator. With this in view the Department imported a species of lily from the Philippines which was known to bear flowers In from two to three months after plant ing of the bulb. This lly hag been crossed with the common Easter lily, and the r It hag been a hybrid, bearing a8 many flowers as the old Bermuda lily, with no difference in ap pearance from this plant, except that the hybrid will develop In four or five months. representing a shortening In time of from one to three months. While the experiments of the Depart ment are not yet completed, the re sults attained so far warrant the be Hef that the new hybrid Paster Lily ean be produced cheaper than the old variety which blooms not less than from six to eight months after plant fag of the bulb, —ofs 4 Men's Trials, and pick it up-anl 30> Ji wid ak vom do on the convenience and appearance of his place. BE ——. As the warmth of spring approaches the gystem craves some fresh acid, and nothing is more grateful than rhubarb. A most satisfattory practice is to cover a couple of thrifty stools of rhubarb pile around i% green manure, foroe it into quick growth. — This will Green Manuring. Very sandy soils are more apt to show a beneficial effect than heavy solls from plowing under green. crops as compared with applications of fertil izers or manures, for the reason that in such solls fertilizer or manure leaches quickly away, whereas the humus afforded by the green crop is more entirely retained, itself adding to the body of the soll. Sandy soils, too, are nearly all deficient in vegetable | mold, and green manure is the easiest and cheapest method of supplying this factor, "THE PHILIPPINE LILY, E— Planting overgrown nursery stock because it can be secured cheaper than young stock is a serious mistake, In the first place the handling is much greater, and, again, such trees will never make the sturdy and vigorous growth of the younger ones. To use them at any price is poor economy, —-— The Eskimo gives his doctor a fee as goon as he comes. If the patient recovers, it is kept; if not, It is re turned. — The gates of Pekin are closed every evening with elaborate and formal cere mony. The closing of the gates is one of the sights which strangers travel with an old half-barrel, laverted, and | and a half a day, but preparation is necessary for him who earns three or four times that amount in any line of work. There is no preparation nec essary for the farmer who is content to harvest what the soil produces of its own accord, but preparation is necessary for the farmer who produces three or four times the average yield f the The man who manipulates the soil and directs the elements of nature in an intelligent manner in the production of that crop is an almost greater factor than the soil itself Father and mothers who desire their boys to become or remain farmers encourage them to make the requisite preparation for their life work and then there will be fewer abandoned farms and fewer dis couraged and disheartened farmers OE @ The Joke was Moss Grown. 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Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers